| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Borén, Eleonora, et al.
(author)
-
Kaolin as fuel additive in grate combustion of biomass to mitigate ash related problems and particle emissions
- 2022
-
In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on the Impact of Fuel Quality on Power Production and the Environment. - : Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bioenergy is a fundamental part in sustainable development but use of novel fuel feedstocks potentiallymore sustainable may also bring associated ash-related challenges in practical operation that could bemitigated by co-conversion or additives. Kaolin, a clay mineral, is an additive known to be beneficialfor reduction of slagging tendencies and particulate matter formation in combustion of traditionalwoody-type biomass but its impact on thermal conversion of other biomasses still warrantsinvestigation. The aim of the present work is therefore to investigate how thermal conversion of atypical K-Ca-rich woody-type biomass, poplar, and a K-Si-rich annual crop, grass, is affected by kaolinaddition in fixed bed combustion. Additivation levels were calculated according to amount of alkaliintroduced with the two feedstocks, and incorporated by co-pelletization, in the case of poplar, anadditional blending d method was tested, by powder coating of pellets The results show that kaolinaddition improved the bottom ash characteristics, especially for grass, but the main differencesbetween feedstocks were found in particulate matter and flue gas composition. The particulate matterconcentrations were reduced with kaolin addition due to removal of gaseous K compounds which inturn caused higher SOx and HCl concentrations due to the lower amount of gaseous alkali for reaction.Further, initially high CO levels observed for both fuel feedstocks were reduced with the addition ofkaolin where co-pelletization with poplar proved more effective than powder coating the fuel particlesurfaces. This suggests that high concentrations of gaseous K-compounds may impact conversion ofthe carbonaceous matrix negatively.
|
|
| 6. |
- Chalkias, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of novel candidate genes for the inverted teat defect in sows using a genome-wide marker panel
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Applied Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1234-1983 .- 2190-3883. ; 58, s. 249-259
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The number of functional teats is an important selection criterion in pig breeding. Inherited defects of the udder, such as the inverted teat, do have a considerable negative impact on the nursing ability of the sow. To investigate the genetic background of this defect and the number of functional teats in Swedish maternal lines, samples from 230 Yorkshire pigs were selected for genotyping using the PorcineSNP60K BeadChip (Illumina Inc.), each pig with at least one inverted teat was matched with one non-affected pig (fullsib or pairs with matching herd and gender). A genome-wide association study on these 230 pigs was performed using the two-step approach implemented in GenABEL using 46,652 single nucleotide polymorphisms across all autosomes and the X chromosome. A number of significant regions were identified for the inverted teat defect on chromosomes 2, 10, and 18. Many of the regions associated with the number of functional teats were located in the same or close regions, except two associated markers on the X chromosome and one on chromosome 3. We identified some of the regions on chromosomes previously reported in one linkage and one gene expression study. We conclude, despite being able to suggest new candidate genes, that further studies are needed to better understand the biologic background of the teat development. Despite the in-depth comparison of identified regions for the inverted teat defect done here, more studies are required to allow a clear identification of genetic regions relevant for this defect across many pig populations.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Danielsson Borssén, Åsa, et al.
(author)
-
Hepatocellular and extrahepatic cancer in patients with autoimmune hepatitis : a long-term follow-up study in 634 Swedish patients
- 2015
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:2, s. 217-223
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. Cirrhosis is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular cancer, but the true risk in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is scarcely studied. Other cancers may arise after prolonged use of immune-modulating drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the cancer risk in a large cohort of AIH patients.Material and methods. Six hundred and thirty-four Swedish patients in a well-defined cohort were matched to the Cause of Death Registry and the Cancer Registry. Standard incidence ratios were calculated by relating the incidences in the cohort to an age-matched material from the Swedish background population.Results. A higher overall incidence of malignancies than the background population was found, counting from the date of diagnosis (standard incidence ratio (SIR) 2.08, 95% CI 1.68-2.55). The highest risk was found for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found 10 cases (4.0%) in 248 patients with cirrhosis, which gives an incidence rate of 0.3%. Standard incidence ratio for developing hepatobiliary cancer was 54.55 (95% CI 19.92-99.99). HCC only occurred in cirrhotic patients. There was also an increased risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (SIR 9.87, 95% CI 6.26-14.81).Conclusion. A slightly enhanced risk for malignancies in general compared to the background population was found. The risk of hepatobiliary cancer was increased, but the annual risk over the observational period was well under the postulated 1.5% when surveillance in cirrhotic patients is considered to be cost-effective.
|
|
| 9. |
- Danielsson Borssén, Åsa, 1977-, et al.
(author)
-
Pregnancy and childbirth in women with autoimmune hepatitis is safe, even in compensated cirrhosis
- 2016
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 51:4, s. 479-485
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease that primarily affects women. Many become ill during childbearing age, and medication can be lifelong. Few studies exist on pregnancy outcome in women with AIH. Objectives: The aim was to assess the outcome of women with AIH and their children during pregnancy and postpartum.Materials and methods: Sixty-four women from a well-characterised cohort with AIH filled out a questionnaire with information about their disease, miscarriage/abortion, pregnancies and potential birth defects in 2012. In 2004, 106 women answered the same questionnaire and their results were analysed along with the new questionnaires. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight women have completed the questionnaire and 100 children have been born by 58 women. Fifty-seven women (41%) had cirrhosis. In 84% of the pregnancies, the AIH was stable or milder, 32% had an increase in activity postpartum. The proportion of preterm births (before week 38) was 22%, caesarean sections 17%, malformations 3%, and two children died. Twenty-three women with cirrhosis had children after diagnosis of cirrhosis but without more complications than for non-cirrhotic mothers. However, they did have a higher prevalence of caesarean sections. Conclusion: Pregnancy and childbirth in AIH appear to be safe for both child and mother, even in women with compensated liver cirrhosis.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Dini, Hoda, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Optimization and validation of a dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Mg-9%Al-1%Zn
- 2018
-
In: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 710, s. 17-26
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A dislocation density-based constitutive model, including effects of microstructure scale and temperature, was calibrated to predict flow stress of an as-cast AZ91D (Mg-9%Al-1%Zn) alloy. Tensile stress-strain data, for strain rates from 10-4 up to 10-1 s-1 and temperatures from room temperature up to 190 °C were used for model calibration. The used model accounts for the interaction of various microstructure features with dislocations and thereby on the plastic properties. It was shown that the Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) size was appropriate as an initial characteristic microstructural scale input to the model. However, as strain increased the influence of subcells size and total dislocation density dominated the flow stress. The calibrated temperature-dependent parameters were validated through a correlation between microstructure and the physics of the deforming alloy. The model was validated by comparison with dislocation density obtained by using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique.
|
|
| 14. |
- Dozza, Marco, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
BikeCOM – A cooperative safety application supporting cyclists and drivers at intersections
- 2013
-
In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of Driver Distraction and Inattention, Gothenbrug, 4-6 September, 2013.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2009, 2334 cyclists died while riding bicycles in Europe. Many of those accidents occurred at road intersections, typically involved one vehicle and one bicycle, and were caused by distraction of either of the driver or the cyclist.This study describes the development and verification of a cooperative application able to prevent this type of accidents by warning both the driver and the cyclist in case of an imminent threat. This application runs on Android smartphones and relies on bicycle-to-vehicle communication to exchange safety relevant information.Naturalistic cycling data from the BikeSAFE and BikeSAFER projects was used to identify the safety critical situation to be addressed. This safety critical situation was described with use cases to envision different application scenarios and derive technical and functional requirements. After the prototype implementation, a pilot test was performed to 1) test the application, 2) develop a data analysis tools, and 3) design the protocol for a larger experiment. Both a bicycle and a car were used in this larger experiment to recreate the safety critical situation in a controlled real-traffic scenario.Results from this experiment show that cooperative applications based on smartphones and connecting bicycles and cars are feasible and desirable, however present limitations on positioning and latency strongly limit their reliability.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Ehlers, Sarah, et al.
(author)
-
Assessing Error Correlations in Remote Sensing-Based Estimates of Forest Attributes for Improved Composite Estimation
- 2018
-
In: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, non-expensive remote sensing (RS) data from different sensors and platforms can be obtained at short intervals and be used for assessing several kinds of forest characteristics at the level of plots, stands and landscapes. Methods such as composite estimation and data assimilation can be used for combining the different sources of information to obtain up-to-date and precise estimates of the characteristics of interest. In composite estimation a standard procedure is to assign weights to the different individual estimates inversely proportional to their variance. However, in case the estimates are correlated, the correlations must be considered in assigning weights or otherwise a composite estimator may be inefficient and its variance be underestimated. In this study we assessed the correlation of plot level estimates of forest characteristics from different RS datasets, between assessments using the same type of sensor as well as across different sensors. The RS data evaluated were SPOT-5 multispectral data, 3D airborne laser scanning data, and TanDEM-X interferometric radar data. Studies were made for plot level mean diameter, mean height, and growing stock volume. All data were acquired from a test site dominated by coniferous forest in southern Sweden. We found that the correlation between plot level estimates based on the same type of RS data were positive and strong, whereas the correlations between estimates using different sources of RS data were not as strong, and weaker for mean height than for mean diameter and volume. The implications of such correlations in composite estimation are demonstrated and it is discussed how correlations may affect results from data assimilation procedures.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Falcone, Guido J., et al.
(author)
-
Genetically Elevated LDL Associates with Lower Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- 2020
-
In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 88:1, s. 56-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Observational studies point to an inverse correlation between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but it remains unclear whether this association is causal. We tested the hypothesis that genetically elevated LDL is associated with reduced risk of ICH. Methods: We constructed one polygenic risk score (PRS) per lipid trait (total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and triglycerides) using independent genomewide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each trait. We used data from 316,428 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank to estimate the effect of each PRS on its corresponding trait, and data from 1,286 ICH cases and 1,261 matched controls to estimate the effect of each PRS on ICH risk. We used these estimates to conduct Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses. Results: We identified 410, 339, 393, and 317 lipid-related SNPs for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, respectively. All four PRSs were strongly associated with their corresponding trait (all p < 1.00 × 10-100). While one SD increase in the PRSs for total cholesterol (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85–0.99; p = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81–0.95; p = 0.002) were inversely associated with ICH risk, no significant associations were found for HDL and triglycerides (both p > 0.05). MR analyses indicated that 1mmol/L (38.67mg/dL) increase of genetically instrumented total and LDL cholesterol were associated with 23% (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.65–0.98; p = 0.03) and 41% lower risks of ICH (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.42–0.82; p = 0.002), respectively. Interpretation: Genetically elevated LDL levels were associated with lower risk of ICH, providing support for a potential causal role of LDL cholesterol in ICH. ANN NEUROL 2020.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Fällström, Karl-Evert, et al.
(author)
-
Transient bending waves in anisotropic plates studied by hologram interferometry
- 1989
-
In: Experimental mechanics. - 0014-4851 .- 1741-2765. ; 29:4, s. 409-413
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Propagating bending waves are studied in plates made of glass-fiber reinforced polyester. The waves are generated by the impact of a ballistic pendulum. Hologram interferometry, with a double pulsed ruby laser as light source, is used to record the out of plane motion of the waves. The interferograms have an elliptic-like symmetry for an orthotropic plate, while the wave pattern for a symmetric angle-ply reinforced plate has a symmetry about the axes of reinforcements. Experimental data are compared on one hand to analytical results obtained by assuming that the orthotropic plate can be described as if isotropic along the main axes, and on the other hand to numerical results from calculations using the finite-element method. The effective Young's modulus raised to power 1/4 is shown to be an important parameter for the description of the dispersive wave pattern. A defect in the plate alters the wave pattern in the interferograms significantly. This may have technical use.
|
|
| 21. |
- Gisselsson Nord, David, et al.
(author)
-
Generation of trisomies in cancer cells by multipolar mitosis and incomplete cytokinesis.
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 107:47, s. 20489-20493
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One extra chromosome copy (i.e., trisomy) is the most common type of chromosome aberration in cancer cells. The mechanisms behind the generation of trisomies in tumor cells are largely unknown, although it has been suggested that dysfunction of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) leads to an accumulation of trisomies through failure to correctly segregate sister chromatids in successive cell divisions. By using Wilms tumor as a model for cancers with trisomies, we now show that trisomic cells can form even in the presence of a functional SAC through tripolar cell divisions in which sister chromatid separation proceeds in a regular fashion, but cytokinesis failure nevertheless leads to an asymmetrical segregation of chromosomes into two daughter cells. A model for the generation of trisomies by such asymmetrical cell division accurately predicted several features of clones having extra chromosomes in vivo, including the ratio between trisomies and tetrasomies and the observation that different trisomies found in the same tumor occupy identical proportions of cells and colocalize in tumor tissue. Our findings provide an experimentally validated model explaining how multiple trisomies can occur in tumor cells that still maintain accurate sister chromatid separation at metaphase-anaphase transition and thereby physiologically satisfy the SAC.
|
|
| 22. |
- Granholm, Ann-Helen, et al.
(author)
-
Estimating vertical canopy cover using dense image-based point cloud data in four vegetation types in southern Sweden
- 2017
-
In: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-1161 .- 1366-5901. ; 38, s. 1820-1838
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study had the aim of investigating the utility of image-based point cloud data for estimation of vertical canopy cover (VCC). An accurate measure of VCC based on photogrammetric matching of aerial images would aid in vegetation mapping, especially in areas where aerial imagery is acquired regularly. The test area is located in southern Sweden and was divided into four vegetation types with sparse to dense tree cover: unmanaged coniferous forest; pasture areas with deciduous tree cover; wetland; and managed coniferous forest. Aerial imagery with a ground sample distance of 0.24 m was photogrammetrically matched to produce dense image-based point cloud data. Two different image matching software solutions were used and compared: MATCH-T DSM by Trimble and SURE by nFrames. The image-based point clouds were normalized using a digital terrain model derived from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. The canopy cover metric vegetation ratio was derived from the image-based point clouds, as well as from raster-based canopy height models (CHMs) derived from the point clouds. Regression analysis was applied with vegetation ratio derived from near nadir ALS data as the dependent variable and metrics derived from image-based point cloud data as the independent variables. Among the different vegetation types, vegetation ratio derived from the image-based point cloud data generated by using MATCH-T resulted in relative root mean square errors (rRMSE) of VCC ranging from 6.1% to 29.3%. Vegetation ratio based on point clouds from SURE resulted in rRMSEs ranging from 7.3% to 37.9%. Use of the vegetation ratio based on CHMs generated from the image-based point clouds resulted in similar, yet slightly higher values of rRMSE.
|
|
| 23. |
- Granholm, Ann-Helen, et al.
(author)
-
Estimating vertical canopy cover with dense point cloud data from matching of digital aerial photos
- 2015
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study aims to explore the use of dense point clouds from matching of aerial photos for estimation of vertical canopy cover (VCC), defined as the proportion of the forest floor covered by the vertical projection of the tree crowns. VCC is commonly estimated using vegetation ratio (VR) derived from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. A reliable measure of VCC from matching aerial photos would aid in vegetation mapping and reduce the need for repeated ALS data acquisition. The test area is located in southern Sweden and covers a variety of vegetation types. In total 367 sample plots were placed in parts of the study area representing VCC ranging from 0 % up to close to 100 %. ALS data with a density of 20 returns per m2 was used for calculating the VR as the proportion of first returns above a threshold. Aerial imagery with a ground sample distance of 0.25 m was matched to produce dense point cloud data, which was used to derive digital surface models (DSMs) with grid size from 0.25 m up to 2.0 m. Local maxima (LM) detection was applied to the DSMs with search windows of 0.5 m size up to 2.0 m. The heights of the LM were normalized using a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from ALS data. Regression analysis was applied with the VR as dependent variable and the sum of the height of LM within sample plots as independent variable. Results from linear regression using heights of LM detected in a DSM of 0.25 m resolution with a 0.5 m search window gave an root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.5 % and relative RMSE (rRMSE) of 9.3 % in forest on rocky outcrops and boulders, while wooded pasture gave RMSE = 6.3 % and rRMSE = 19 %.
|
|
| 24. |
- Grdic, Dubravka, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Splenic marginal zone dendritic cells mediate the cholera toxin adjuvant effect: dependence on the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the holotoxin.
- 2005
-
In: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - 0022-1767. ; 175:8, s. 5192-202
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The in vivo mechanisms of action of most vaccine adjuvants are poorly understood. In this study, we present data in mice that reveal a series of critical interactions between the cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant and the dendritic cells (DC) of the splenic marginal zone (MZ) that lead to effective priming of an immune response. For the first time, we have followed adjuvant targeting of MZ DC in vivo. We used CT-conjugated OVA and found that the Ag selectively accumulated in MZ DC following i.v. injections. The uptake of Ag into DC was GM1 ganglioside receptor dependent and mediated by the B subunit of CT (CTB). The targeted MZ DC were quite unique in their phenotype: CD11c(+), CD8alpha(-), CD11b(-), B220(-), and expressing intermediate or low levels of MHC class II and DEC205. Whereas CTB only delivered the Ag to MZ DC, the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of CT was required for the maturation and migration of DC to the T cell zone, where these cells distinctly up-regulated CD86, but not CD80. This interaction appeared to instruct Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells to move into the B cell follicle and strongly support germinal center formations. These events may explain why CT-conjugated Ag is substantially more immunogenic than Ag admixed with soluble CT and why CTB-conjugated Ag can tolerize immune responses when given orally or at other mucosal sites.
|
|
| 25. |
- Hedayati, Ali, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Ash Transformation during Fixed-Bed Combustion of Agricultural Biomass with a Focus on Potassium and Phosphorus
- 2022
-
In: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 36:7, s. 3640-3653
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, ash transformation during fixed-bed combustion of different agricultural opportunity fuels was investigated with a special focus on potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). The fuel pellets were combusted in an underfed fixed-bed pellet burner. Residual ashes (bottom ash and slag) and particulate matter were collected and characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, and ion chromatography. The interpretation of the results was supported by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. For all fuels, almost all P (>97%) was found in residual-/coarse ash fractions, while K showed different degrees of volatilization, depending on fuel composition. During combustion of poplar, which represents Ca-K-rich fuels, a carbonate melt rich in K and Ca decomposed into CaO, CO2, and gaseous K species at sufficiently high temperatures. Ca5(PO4)3OH was the main P-containing crystalline phase in the bottom ash. For wheat straw and grass, representing Si-K-rich fuels, a lower degree of K volatilization was observed than for poplar. P was found here in amorphous phosphosilicates and CaKPO4. For wheat grain residues, representing P-K-rich fuels, a high degree of both K and P retention was observed due to the interaction of K and P with the fuel-bed constituents, i.e., char, ash, and slag. The residual ash was almost completely melted and rich in P, K, and Mg. P was found in amorphous phosphates and different crystalline phases such as KMgPO4, K2CaP2O7, K2MgP2O7, and K4Mg4(P2O7)3. In general, the results therefore imply that an interaction between ash-forming elements in a single burning fuel particle and the surrounding bed ash or slag is important for the overall retention of P and K during fuel conversion in fixed-bed combustion of agricultural biomass fuels.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Hedayati, Ali, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Ash Transformation during Single-Pellet Combustion of Agricultural Biomass with a Focus on Potassium and Phosphorus
- 2021
-
In: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 35:2, s. 1449-1464
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, ash transformation and release of critical ash-forming elements during single-pellet combustion of different types of agricultural opportunity fuels were investigated. The work focused on potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). Single pellets of poplar, wheat straw, grass, and wheat grain residues were combusted in a macro-thermogravimetric analysis reactor at three different furnace temperatures (600, 800, and 950 °C). In order to study the transformation of inorganic matters at different stages of the thermal conversion process, the residues were collected before and after full devolatilization, as well as after complete char conversion. The residual char/ash was characterized by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, and ion chromatography, and the interpretation of results was supported by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. During combustion of poplar, representing a Ca–K-rich woody energy crop, the main fraction of K remained in the residual ash primarily in the form of K2Ca(CO3)2 at lower temperatures and in a K–Ca-rich carbonate melt at higher temperatures. Almost all P retained in the ash and was mainly present in the form of hydroxyapatite. For the Si–K-rich agricultural biomass fuels with a minor (wheat straw) or moderate (grass) P content, the main fraction of K remained in the residual ash mostly in K–Ca-rich silicates. In general, almost all P was retained in the residual ash both in K–Ca–P–Si-rich amorphous structures, possibly in phosphosilicate-rich melts, and in crystalline forms as hydroxyapatite, CaKPO4, and calcium phosphate silicate. For the wheat grain, representing a K–P-rich fuel, the main fraction of K and P remained in the residual ash in the form of K–Mg-rich phosphates. The results showed that in general for all studied fuels, the main release of P occurred during the devolatilization stage, while the main release of K occurred during char combustion. Furthermore, less than 20% of P and 35% of K was released at the highest furnace temperature for all fuels.
|
|
| 28. |
- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
A pilot study of facial, cranial and brain MRI morphometry in men with schizophrenia: Part 2.
- 2006
-
In: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927 .- 0165-1781. ; 147:2-3, s. 187-195
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This pilot study applies a new 3D morphometric MR method to test the hypothesis that men with schizophrenia (vs. controls) have deviant facial shapes and landmark relations in cranio/facialibrain (CFB) regions. This constitutes Part 2 of paired articles in this issue of Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, in which Part 1 presents the new method in detail. MRI coordinates from CFB landmarks of 23 patients and 15 controls were identified and then aligned with the Procrustes model, leaving shape as the only unitless geometrical information. Men with schizophrenia had significantly longer mid- and lower-facial heights, and greater lower (left) facial depth, with a tendency toward rotation along the facial midline. This supports findings from earlier anthropometric and 3D studies of the "exterior" (face). In contrast, none of the patient-control differences for the new "interior" (cranial-brain) distances reached statistical significance. These results need to be retested on a larger sample of both sexes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 29. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Comparator report on patient access to cancer medicines in Europe revisited
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In a new report, the Swedish Institute for Health Economics (IHE) compares the cancer situation in EU28 plus Norway and Switzerland. The report builds on a previous comparative study conducted in 2005 and provides a comprehensive view of the development of cancer in Europe over the past two decades. The report shows that the number of people diagnosed with cancer continue to increase in Europe, up by 30 percent between 1995 and 2012 due to a growing and aging population. Despite this growth and an increased spending on cancer medicines the overall spending on cancer care has remained stable at around six percent of total health expenditure largely due to a shift towards outpatient care. The report also concludes that there is great difference in access to medicines, in particular between richer and poorer countries but also between countries with similar purchasing power. The access problem requires collaboration between policy makers, payers, regulators, HTA bodies and manufacturers. Local solutions seem most feasible to balance the risk and reward of new treatment options between payers and manufacturers and reflect the affordability levels of different countries.
|
|
| 30. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Comparator Report on Patient Access to Cancer Medicines in Europe Revisited - A UK Perspective
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IHE has published a new comparator report on the cost of cancer and access to cancer medicines. The report is a condensed version of the previously published report, Comparator report on patient access to cancer medicines in Europe revisited (IHE Report 2016:4) and focusing on the UK.The report reveals similar trends in the UK as in the rest of Europe: incidence of cancer is increasing, as is mortality in absolute terms but once demographic factors is accounted for mortality has decreased due to increased survival. However, compared to countries with similar economic status the UK lags behind.
|
|
| 31. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
The cost and burden of cancer in the European Union 1995–2014
- 2016
-
In: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 66, s. 162-170
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is an intense debate about the cost of cancer and the value of new treatments. However, there is limited data on the cost of cancer in the European Union (EU) and how costs relate to the burden of disease. This paper presents new estimates on the development of the cost of cancer in the EU 1995–2014, with a focus on the major cost components: total health expenditure, cancer drugs, and production loss due to premature mortality.Methods: Data on overall health expenditure were combined with national disease estimates to derive cancer-specific health expenditure. Data on drug sales were obtained from IMS Health, and epidemiological data were used to calculate life years lost due to cancer.Findings: Health expenditure on cancer increased continuously from €35.7 billion in 1995 to €83.2 billion in 2014 in the EU and spending on cancer drugs from €7.6 billion in 2005 to €19.1 billion in 2014 (current prices). Yet the share of total health expenditure devoted to cancer was mostly constant (around 6 per cent). While expenditures on cancer drugs increased in both absolute and relative terms, other expenditures were stable or decreased, despite increases in cancer incidence driven by a growing and ageing population. Reductions in cancer mortality during working age resulted in decreasing production loss due to premature mortality.Interpretation: Health spending on cancer as a share of total health expenditure is rather low and stable despite the growing incidence and relative burden of cancer. Problems to reallocate funding in health care systems under economic pressure may be one explanation and shifting costs from inpatient to ambulatory care another.
|
|
| 32. |
- Karlsson, Mikael, Docent, et al.
(author)
-
Climate-Related Co-Benefits and the Case of Swedish Policy
- 2023
-
In: Climate. - : MDPI. - 2225-1154. ; 11:2, s. 40-40
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is strong scientific evidence for the existence of the significant economic value of several climate-related co-benefits. However, these are seldom recognised in policy-making, and knowledge is still scarce on some co-benefit types and categories. To identify research needs and highlight policy-making opportunities, we propose a new framework and three-type-taxonomy of climate-related co-benefits. We define climate policy co-benefits, such as improved air quality, as ‘Type 1’; co-benefits for climate objectives from policy-making in other fields, such as taxation, as ‘Type 2’; and co-benefits from policies designed to achieve multiple objectives as ‘Type 3’. In order to apply the framework and to analyse how co-benefits have been regarded in policy-making in a climate pioneering country, we also explore the case of Sweden. It is shown that several co-benefits exist, but that these are overlooked almost entirely in policy-making, constituting a bias against climate mitigation. In order to counteract this problem, the article presents a number of recommendations, including a call to researchers to identify and quantify additional co-benefits and to policy-makers on governance reforms, including the need to organise policy-making processes and set decision criteria that promote the consideration of co-benefits.
|
|
| 33. |
- Karlsson, Mikael, Docent, et al.
(author)
-
Klimatpolitiska synergier : Från bördefördelning till skördefördelning
- 2022
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- I takt med ökad klimatpåverkan finns allt starkare argument för en skärpt klimatpolitik. Samtidigt finns ett motstånd som inte minst bygger på uppfattningen att klimatåtgärder är orimligt dyra. Därför framställs klimatåtgärder ofta som en börda som måste fördelas mellan och inom länder. En tänkbar förklaring till denna uppfattning är att de nyttor som klimatåtgärder leder till utöver minskade klimatskador ofta varken synliggörs inför eller beaktas vid politiskt beslutsfattande. De synergieffekter som kan uppstå är i regel signifikanta i ekonomiska termer, i vissa fall större än kostnaden för den ursprungliga klimatåtgärden. Det är således missvisande att prata om klimatpolitik som om det enbart är en börda som måste fördelas, när det även finns nyttor att fördela. Detta framgår i denna rapport som redovisar forskningen om sidonyttor och vad denna kunskap kan innebära för samhället i allmänhet och klimatpolitiken i synnerhet. Den mest välstuderade sidonyttan av klimatåtgärder är förbättrad hälsa till följd av minskade luftföroreningar, men det finns även vetenskapligt stöd för att klimatåtgärder leder till förbättrad energisäkerhet, ökad biologisk mångfald och ökad sysselsättning. I denna rapport kallas dessa sidonyttor för Typ 1-nyttor. Sidonyttor kan också följa av beslut inom andra politikområden, exempelvis inom välfärds- och skatteområdet, där åtgärder vars huvudsakliga syfte är ett annat kan minska utsläppen. Detta kallar vi för Typ 2-nyttor. Samhällsekonomiska analyser är ett viktigt redskap i den politiska beslutsprocessen. I dessa står kostnader ofta i fokus, vilket givetvis är relevant för politiker som söker maximera samhällsnyttan av en begränsad budget och därför prioriterar mellan olika åtgärder. Det är dock viktigt att analysen även beaktar alla de sidonyttor som en åtgärd kan tänkas leda till, annars kan samhällsnyttan bli en helt annan än den största möjliga. Den genomgång av svensk klimatpolitik samt myndigheters och kommittéers klimatarbete som genomförts inom ramen för denna rapport visar att sidonyttor i regel förbises av utredningar och i politiskt beslutsfattande. Detta gäller både på nationell och lokal nivå. Med utgångspunkt i den vetenskapliga kunskapen om sidonyttors storlek och värde, ser vi behov av bland annat följande åtgärder: • Komplettera kommittéförordningen, det regelverk som styr hur politiskt tillsatta utredningar ska arbeta, med krav på att inkludera sidonyttor i konsekvensanalyser. Detsamma gäller instruktioner för myndigheters arbete. • Inför beslutskriterier som gör att sidonyttor verkligen vägs in i besluten, i bästa fall inom både klimatpolitiken och andra politikområden med klimatmässig relevans. • Utveckla modeller för att beräkna sidonyttor inför politiska beslut. Framförallt finns ett behov av aktuella schablonvärden för sidonyttor, i synnerhet schablonvärden uttryckta i ekonomisk vinst per reducerat ton koldioxid. Sammantaget skulle de åtgärder som föreslås i rapporten kunna leda till ett mer välbalanserat beslutsfattande och att den faktiska kostnaden och nyttan av en klimatåtgärd synliggörs. Analyser som beaktar alla relevanta kostnader och nyttor skulle klargöra att det ofta är vilseledande att beskriva en skärpt klimatpolitik som en bördefördelning, när det snarare handlar om en skördefördelning.
|
|
| 34. |
- Kaspersson, A., et al.
(author)
-
Microbial dynamics in barley grain stored under controlled atmosphere
- 1988
-
In: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 19:4, s. 299-312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Barley of 2 moisture contents, 20-23% and 26-28%, was stored airtight for 2 separate seasons in 2 full-scale silos, and for 3 separate seasons in 12-16 pilot silos (1.25 m3). The microbial dynamics were studied, using colony-forming units (CFU) of microorganisms, the proportion of internally-invaded kernels and ATP content. The ATP content was a good measure of the microbial activity, which decreased after loading and was very low during the winter period. Field-associated moulds and yeasts decreased in numbers of CFU and in the amount of invaded kernels. Fusarium species survived more satisfactorily than most field fungi. The temperature rise in spring caused an increase in ATP content, as a result of extensive growth of yeast of the genera Hansenula and Candida. This activity started earlier in the high-moisture grain (March). In May, a significant increase in CFU of Penicillium was observed and, during May to July, in many silos, all kernels were invaded, mostly by P. roqueforti. In an attempt to increase the time of safe storage, some technical improvements and gaseous and liquid chemical additives were tested. Attachment of "lungs" to the silos, and addition of organic acids or gases (CO2, N2, NH3) to the grain, increased the safe storage time by one to several months. The aerobic storage stability of rolled barley taken in July from the full-scale silos was tested. The rapid deterioration following unloading limited the aerobic storage stability to a few days. © 1988.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Lindgren, Monica, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Identity construction among boundary-crossing individuals
- 2001
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 17:3, s. 357-377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we describe a study of boundary-crossing individuals (individuals who change organisation frequently) and the way they construct identities through interaction and self-reflexion. It is argued from a social constructionist perspective that studies of the way individual identities are constructed are important to our understanding of the complexity of the identity phenomenon. Identities cannot simply be reduced to certain stable institutionalised aspects such as profession or gender. Rather life should be seen as an ongoing process of identity construction, whereby reflexion upon life episodes and the pattern of such episodes shape identities. The results suggest different patterns of articulations through narratives. These narratives are associated with different underlying ontological discourses that describe diverse ways of reasoning among boundary-crossing individuals.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Data assimilation in stand level forest inventory – first results
- 2015
-
In: Natural resources and bioeconomy studies. - 2342-7639. ; 29, s. 37-37
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Data assimilation in stand-level forest inventory – first results Nils Lindgren 1 , Mattias Nyström1 , Jörgen Wallerman 1 , Sarah Ehlers 1 , Anton Grafström1 , Anders Muszta 1 , Kenneth Nyström1 , Erik Willen 2 , Johan Fransson 1 , Jonas Bohlin 1 , Håkan Olsson 1 , Göran Ståhl 1 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden 2Skogforsk, Uppsala, Sweden As we are entering an era of increased supply of remote sensing data, we believe that data assimilation has a large potential for keeping forest stand registers up to date (Ehlers et al. 2013). Data assimilation combines forecasts of previous estimates with new observations of the current state in an optimal way based on the uncertainties in the forecast and the observations. These forecasting and updating steps can be repeated with new available observations to get improved estimations. In the present study, we use canopy height models obtained from matching of digital aerial photos over the test site Remningstorp in Sweden, acquired 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2012 and normalized with a DEM from airborne laser scanning. Stem volume was estimated for each data acquisition and stand, using regression functions based on field reference data from sample plots. Forecasting was done with growth functions constructed from National Forest Inventory plots. The remote sensing estimates for each time point were assimilated with the forecasts of the previous estimates, using extended Kalman filtering. Validation was done on 40 m radius sample plots dominated by Norway spruce. Early results for three stands show that the variances were lower when using assimilation of new estimates and there was less fluctuation compared to repeated remote sensing estimates. The results for the assimilated data at year 2011 were also consistently closer to the validation data measured in 2011 compared to the remote sensing estimates from year 2011.
|
|
| 41. |
- Lindgren, Nils
(author)
-
Data assimilation of forest variables predicted from remote sensing data
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Forest information for management planning is today gathered through a combination of field inventories and remote sensing, but the available flow of remote sensing data over time is not yet utilized for continuously improving predictions of forest variables. In the thesis, the utility of data assimilation, in particular the Extended Kalman filter, for forest variable prediction is investigated. This is an iterative algorithm, where data are repeatedly merged and forecasted. The test site was a forest estate in southern Sweden (Lat. 58°N Long. 13°E). Data assimilation of remote sensing predictions of canopy surface models from digital aerial photogrammetry in paper I and predictions based on interferometric synthetic aperture radar in paper II provided a marginally improved accuracy. This gain was, however, far from the theoretical potential of data assimilation. The reason for this was suggested to be correlation of errors of subsequent predictions across time, i.e. residuals from different predictions over a certain forest area had a similar size and sign. In paper III these error correlations were quantified, and an example of the importance of considering them was given. In paper IV, it was shown that classical calibration could be applied to counteract regression toward the mean, and thus reduce the error correlations. In paper V, it was shown that data assimilation applied to a time series of data from various remote sensing sensors could be used to, over time, improve initial predictions based on aerial laser scanning data. It was also shown how the combination of classical calibration and a suggested modified version of the extended Kalman filter, that accounted for error correlations, contributed to these promising results.
|
|
| 42. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Data Assimilation of Growing Stock Volume Using a Sequence of Remote Sensing Data from Different Sensors
- 2022
-
In: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0703-8992 .- 1712-7971. ; 48, s. 127-143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) has implied a disruptive transformation of how data are gathered for forest management planning in Nordic countries. We show in this study that the accuracy of ALS predictions of growing stock volume can be maintained and even improved over time if they are forecasted and assimilated with more frequent but less accurate remote sensing data sources like satellite images, digital photogrammetry, and InSAR. We obtained these results by introducing important methodological adaptations to data assimilation compared to previous forestry studies in Sweden. On a test site in the southwest of Sweden (58 degrees 27 ' N, 13 degrees 39 ' E), we evaluated the performance of the extended Kalman filter and a proposed modified filter that accounts for error correlations. We also applied classical calibration to the remote sensing predictions. We evaluated the developed methods using a dataset with nine different acquisitions of remotely sensed data from a mix of sensors over four years, starting and ending with ALS-based predictions of growing stock volume. The results showed that the modified filter and the calibrated predictions performed better than the standard extended Kalman filter and that at the endpoint the prediction based on data assimilation implied an improved accuracy (25.0% RMSE), compared to a new ALS-based prediction (27.5% RMSE).
|
|
| 43. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Importance of Calibration for Improving the Efficiency of Data Assimilation for Predicting Forest Characteristics
- 2022
-
In: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data assimilation (DA) is often used for merging observations to improve the predictions of the current and future states of characteristics of interest. In forest inventory, DA has so far found limited use, although dense time series of remotely sensed (RS) data have become available for estimating forest characteristics. A problem in forest inventory applications based on RS data is that errors from subsequent predictions tend to be strongly correlated, which limits the efficiency of DA. One reason for such a correlation is that model-based predictions, using techniques such as parametric or non-parametric regression, are normally biased conditional on the actual ground conditions, although they are unbiased conditional on the RS predictor variables. A typical case is that predictions are shifted towards the mean, i.e., small true values are overestimated, and large true values are underestimated. In this study, we evaluated if the classical calibration of RS-based predictions could remove this type of bias and improve DA results. Through a simulation study, we mimicked growing stock volume predictions from two different sensors: one from a metric strongly correlated with growing stock volume, mimicking airborne laser scanning, and one from a metric slightly less correlated with growing stock volume, mimicking data obtained from 3D digital photogrammetry. Consistent with previous findings, in areas such as chemistry, we found that classical calibration made the predictions approximately unbiased. Further, in most cases, calibration improved the DA results, evaluated in terms of the root mean square error of predicted volumes, evaluated at the end of a series of ten RS-based predictions.
|
|
| 44. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Improved Prediction of Forest Variables Using Data Assimilation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
- 2017
-
In: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0703-8992 .- 1712-7971. ; 43, s. 374-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The statistical framework of data assimilation provides methods for utilizing new data for obtaining up-to-date forest data: existing forest data are forecasted and combined with each new remote sensing data set. This new paradigm for updating forest database, well known from other fields of study, will provide a framework for utilizing all available remote sensing data in proportion to their quality to improve prediction. It also solves the problem that not all remote sensing data sets provide information for the entire area of interest, since areas with no remote sensing data can be forecasted until new remote sensing data become available. In this study, extended Kalman filtering was used for assimilating data from 19 TanDEM-X InSAR images on 137 sample plots, each of 10-meter radius at a test site in southern Sweden over a period of 4 years. At almost all time points data assimilation resulted in predictions closer to the reference value than predictions based on data from that single time point. For the study variables Lorey's mean height, basal area, and stem volume, the median reduction in root mean square error was 0.4 m, 0.9 m(2)/ha, and 15.3 m(3)/ha (2, 3, and 6 percentage points), respectively.
|
|
| 45. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Metodutveckling för datainsamling i NILS landskapsruta : skattningar med laserdata och optiska satellitbilder
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- NILS är en stickprovsbaserad inventering som syftar till att producera information om miljön i Sverige. Resultaten används bland annat för nationell statistik och internationell rapportering liksom för forskning. Inventeringen baseras på åter-kommande inventering av 631 systematiskt utlagda samplingsenheter eller ”rutor” där varje ruta består av: en 1 km stor ruta som tolkas i detalj i IR-flygbilder, 12 provytor som besöks i fält, samt en 5 * 5 km stor ruta som skall ge information om omgivande landskap. Projektet har haft som syfte att undersöka möjligheter för att kartera NILS 5 km ruta med automatiska metoder som kan utföras med en begrän-sad tidståtgång. I denna rapport rapporteras försök med att använda optiska satellitdata från Landsat TM och SPOT HRG sensorerna, samt laserskannerdata från lantmäteriets nationella skanning för en ny nationell höjdmodell (NH). Viss förhandstolkning av ägoslagsgränser har gjorts i fotogrammetrisk arbetsstation. För att minska mängden manuellt arbete har möjligheterna att använda referensdata från NILS inventering-ens fältytor eller 1 km ruta, samt från Riksskogstaxeringen också undersökts. De väsentligaste resultaten redovisas nedan: Krontäckning och trädvegetationens höjd kan skattas från laserdata om re-ferensdata beräknas från Riksskogstaxeringens klavträd, eller bedöms i fo-togrammetrisk arbetsstation; däremot så var Riksskogstaxeringens fältbe-dömda krontäckningar inte lika bra referensdata. Busktäckning kunde inte skattas med laserskannerdata från Lantmäteriets nationella laserskanning, men har kunnat skattas i andra studier som gjorts med mera specialiserade skanningar, De referensytor som täcker en satellitregistrering sammanfaller i regel end-ast delvis med de referensytor som täcker lämpliga laserskannerdata för samma skattningsområde, ett stratifierat arbetssätt är därför att föredra. Lantmäteriets laserskanning i kombination med referensdata från Riks-skogstaxeringen lämpade sig därvid väl för att dela in landskapet i öppna och trädtäckta marker (i detta projekt definierades trädtäckta områden som områden med mer än 10% krontäckning och mer än 3 m trädhöjd). Inom trädtäckta områden kan en klassning i grova trädslagsklasser göras från kombinationen av satellitbilder och Riksskogstaxeringens ytor. För det öppna landskapet undersöktes om befintliga fältdata kunde använ-das för en grov markvegetationsklassning, men datamaterialet, både från NILS och Riksskogstaxeringen, blev för litet. Flygbildstolkningen från NILS 1 km ruta var inte heller lämplig för detta ändamål. Istället kan en speciell flygbildstolkning användas, där ytor subjektivt väljs speciellt för denna klassning. Ett klassningsschema utvecklades, där ett antal grova klasser blev slutresultatet
|
|
| 46. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Updating of forest stand data by using recent digital photogrammetry in combination with older airborne laser scanning data
- 2021
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 36, s. 401-407
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate and up-to-date data about growing stock volume are essential for forest management planning. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is known for producing accurate wall-to-wall predictions but the data are at present collected at long time intervals. Digital Photogrammetry (DP) is cheaper and often more frequently available but known to be less accurate. This study investigates the potential of using contemporary DP data together with older ALS data and compares this with the case when only old ALS data are trained with recent field data. Combining ALS data from 2010 to 2011 with DP data from 2015, both trained with National Forest Inventory (NFI) field plot data from 2015, improved predictions of growing stock volume. Validation using data from 100 stands inventoried in 2015 gave an RMSE of 24.3% utilizing both old ALS data and recent DP data, 26.0% for old ALS only and 24.9% for recent DP only. If information about management actions were assumed available, combining old ALS and recent DP gave RMSE of 23.0%, only ALS 23.3% and only DP 23.8%.
|
|
| 47. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(author)
-
Using Optical Satellite Data and Airborne Lidar Data for a Nationwide Sampling Survey
- 2015
-
In: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 7, s. 4253-4267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A workflow for combining airborne lidar, optical satellite data and National Forest Inventory (NFI) plots for cost efficient operational mapping of a nationwide sample of 5x 5 km squares in the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS) landscape inventory in Sweden is presented. Since the areas where both satellite data and lidar data have a common data quality are limited, and impose a constraint on the number of available NFI plots, it is not feasible to perform classifications in a single step. Instead a stratified approach where canopy cover and canopy height are first predicted from lidar data trained with NFI plots is proposed. From the lidar predictions a forest stratum is defined as grid cells with more than 3m mean tree height and more than 10% vertical canopy cover, the remaining grid cells are defined as open land. Both forest and open land are then classified into broad vegetation classes using optical satellite data. The classification of open land is trained with aerial photo interpretation and the classification of the forest stratum is trained with a new set of NFI plots. The result is a rational procedure for nationwide sample based vegetation characterization.
|
|
| 48. |
- Lindgren, Paula, et al.
(author)
-
A demonstration of an affinity between pyrite and organic matter in a hydrothermal setting
- 2011
-
In: Geochemical Transactions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1467-4866. ; 12, s. 3-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the key-principles of the iron-sulphur world theory is to bring organic molecules close enough to interact with each other, using the surface of pyrite as a substrate in a hydrothermal setting. The present paper explores the relationship of pyrite and organic matter in a hydrothermal setting from the geological record; in hydrothermal calcite veins from Carboniferous limestones in central Ireland. Here, the organic matter is accumulated as coatings around, and through, pyrite grains. Most of the pyrite grains are euhedral-subhedral crystals, ranging in size from ca 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter, and they are scattered throughout the matrix of the vein calcite. The organic matter was deposited from a hydrothermal fluid at a temperature of at least 200 degrees C, and gives a Raman signature of disordered carbon. This study points to an example from a hydrothermal setting in the geological record, demonstrating that pyrite can have a high potential for the concentration and accumulation of organic materials.
|
|
| 49. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(author)
-
Cargo-call-stack Static Call-stack Analysis for Rust
- 2019
-
In: 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. ; , s. 1169-1176
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Memory safety is instrumental to the safety and security of software systems. The Rust language stands out with a type system and underlying memory model targeting memory safety without the need for dynamic garbage collection, making Rust a viable option for embedded applications. In this paper we present an integrated tool for call-stack analysis of Rust applications. We cover both theoretical and practical challenges, their solutions and open questions. The cargo-call-stack tool is useful for analyzing Rust applications in general, and embedded Rust in particular. To the latter, we show that using the call-stack analysis we can give guarantees of total memory safety, free of assumptions on operating systems and underlying memory protection mechanisms in hardware. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by applying the `call-stack' tool on production code targeting a light-weight ARM Cortex-M platform.
|
|
| 50. |
- Lindgren, Paula, et al.
(author)
-
Concentration of organic matter in hydrothermal deposits
- 2008
-
Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Organic matter with various origins is commonly associated with hydrothermal activity. Examples from the terrestrial record include hydrothermally produced petroleum (Simoneit 1988), the possible formation of abiotic organic molecules (Holm 1992), and present-day biological activity around hydrothermal vents and hot springs (Corliss et al. 1979; Reysenbach and Cady 2001). If the conditions for preservation of the organic matter are favourable, hydrothermal deposits could be suitable sites for the detection of extraterrestrial organic matter, for example on Mars (e.g. Simoneit et al. 1998).The study of hydrothermal deposits in the terrestrial record allows us to gain more knowledge of the distribution of organic matter in various fossil hydrothermal settings. We have investigated fossil hydrothermal deposits on the Isle of Skye in Scotland, where the heat from igneous intrusions (Paleogene dolerite sills) in wet carbon-rich shale (Jurassic) has caused localized hydrothermal activity with the mobilization of organic-rich fluids. Here, the organic matter is accumulated in hydrothermal deposits: It occurs as vesicular hydrocarbon, located in hydrothermal veins together with calcite, chlorite and quartz, and as a cm-dm thick sheet sandwiched between the shale and the intrusive body. Organic matter also occurs in hydrothermally precipitated calcite veins that cross-cuts the igneous intrusion, and in vesicles of the igneous rock.This is one example from the terrestrial record showing that where organic matter is available, it can be mobilised and concentrated as a result of hydrothermal activity. The same process of carbon concentration could have taken place in ancient martian hydrothermal systems, induced by igneous activity or bolide impacts.
|
|
