| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Interferon on Tumor Tissue Content in Liver Metastases of Human Carcinoid Tumors
- 1990
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; :50, s. 3413-3415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 21 patients ultrasound-guided cutting biopsies, from carcinoid metastases of the liver, were taken before and after therapy with α-interferon. Each biopsy was examined under light microscopy and the amount of tumor tissue and connective tissue was quantified and then correlated to objective response to interferon therapy. A significant reduction of the amount of tumor tissue, in spite of unaltered metastatic size and a corresponding increase in connective tissue, was seen after interferon therapy. A more pronounced reduction of tumor tissue occurred after long-term interferon therapy. A positive correlation between objective therapy response and tumor tissue reduction was also present. Patients responding poorly, or not at all, to therapy did not show any significant decrease in tumor tissue. Since treatment with immune response modifiers is expected to increase in the near future, it is important to choose the right investigations for therapy monitoring, and since all patients in this investigation had unchanged tumor size on repeated radiological examinations, it is obvious that microscopic examination of core biopsies is a better method for evaluating effects of long-term therapy than tumor size measurement with radiological techniques. Further, the results may indicate that interferon exerts a cytotoxic effect on carcinoid tumor cells in vivo.
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| 5. |
- Braekeveldt, Noémie, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-derived xenograft models reveal intratumor heterogeneity and temporal stability in neuroblastoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 78:20, s. 5958-5969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and the Avatar, a single PDX mirroring an individual patient, are emerging tools in preclinical cancer research. However, the consequences of intratumor heterogeneity for PDX modeling of biomarkers, target identification, and treatment decisions remain underexplored. In this study, we undertook serial passaging and comprehensive molecular analysis of neuroblastoma orthotopic PDXs, which revealed strong intrinsic genetic, transcriptional, and phenotypic stability for more than 2 years. The PDXs showed preserved neuroblastoma-associated gene signatures that correlated with poor clinical outcome in a large cohort of patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we captured spatial intratumor heterogeneity using ten PDXs from a single high-risk patient tumor. We observed diverse growth rates, transcriptional, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiles. PDX-derived transcriptional profiles were associated with diverse clinical characteristics in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. These data suggest that high-risk neuroblastoma contains elements of both temporal stability and spatial intratumor heterogeneity, the latter of which complicates clinical translation of personalized PDX-Avatar studies into preclinical cancer research.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Using chemometrics for navigating in the large data sets of genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics (gpm)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 380:3, s. 419-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the applicability of multivariate projection techniques, such as principal-component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) projections to latent structures, to the large-volume high-density data structures obtained within genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics. PCA and PLS, and their extensions, derive their usefulness from their ability to analyze data with many, noisy, collinear, and even incomplete variables in both X and Y. Three examples are used as illustrations: the first example is a genomics data set and involves modeling of microarray data of cell cycle-regulated genes in the microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The second example contains NMR-metabonomics data, measured on urine samples of male rats treated with either of the drugs chloroquine or amiodarone. The third and last data set describes sequence-function classification studies in a set of G-protein-coupled receptors using hierarchical PCA.
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| 9. |
- Flentie, Kelly, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical disarming of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : The National Academy of Scionces of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:21, s. 10510-10517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) killed more people in 2017 than any other single infectious agent. This dangerous pathogen is able to withstand stresses imposed by the immune system and tolerate exposure to antibiotics, resulting in persistent infection. The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic has been exacerbated by the emergence of mutant strains of Mtb that are resistant to frontline antibiotics. Thus, both phenotypic drug tolerance and genetic drug resistance are major obstacles to successful TB therapy. Using a chemical approach to identify compounds that block stress and drug tolerance, as opposed to traditional screens for compounds that kill Mtb, we identified a small molecule, C10, that blocks tolerance to oxidative stress, acid stress, and the frontline antibiotic isoniazid (INH). In addition, we found that C10 prevents the selection for INH-resistant mutants and restores INH sensitivity in otherwise INH-resistant Mtb strains harboring mutations in the katG gene, which encodes the enzyme that converts the prodrug INH to its active form. Through mechanistic studies, we discovered that C10 inhibits Mtb respiration, revealing a link between respiration homeostasis and INH sensitivity. Therefore, by using C10 to dissect Mtb persistence, we discovered that INH resistance is not absolute and can be reversed.
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| 10. |
- Holmquist Mengelbier, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Intratumoral genome diversity parallels progression and predicts outcome in pediatric cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic differences among neoplastic cells within the same tumour have been proposed to drive cancer progression and treatment failure. Whether data on intratumoral diversity can be used to predict clinical outcome remains unclear. We here address this issue by quantifying genetic intratumoral diversity in a set of chemotherapy-treated childhood tumours. By analysis of multiple tumour samples from seven patients we demonstrate intratumoral diversity in all patients analysed after chemotherapy, typically presenting as multiple clones within a single millimetre-sized tumour sample (microdiversity). We show that microdiversity often acts as the foundation for further genome evolution in metastases. In addition, we find that microdiversity predicts poor cancer-specific survival (60%; P=0.009), independent of other risk factors, in a cohort of 44 patients with chemotherapy-treated childhood kidney cancer. Survival was 100% for patients lacking microdiversity. Thus, intratumoral genetic diversity is common in childhood cancers after chemotherapy and may be an important factor behind treatment failure.
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| 11. |
- Ingvarsson, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and culture of ovarian tumour cells, cytological and cell survival evaluation
- 1999
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 19:6B, s. 5069-5073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). Emphasis was placed on obtaining pure tumour cell cultures which were subjected to careful cytological evaluation. Preparations of 39 ovarian tumours, malignant, borderline and benign were made, of which 37 were successfully cultured. In 34 of the 37 tumour cell cultures, the epithelial cell fraction was > 90%, and in 30 of 39 cultures the epithelial cell fraction was > 95%. Transportation within 24 h and the 72 h incubation did not change the yield or epithelial cell fraction. There was a linear relationship between fluorescence and the number of viable cells. The fluorescence increased with time, making only comparisons within each assay plate possible. The sensitivity of the method makes it possible to perform many analyses on a small amount of material. The method also makes it possible to study cells derived from all stages of the disease, including benign tumours.
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| 12. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the solid electrolyte interphase of a lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide based electrolyte for Si-electrodes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 301, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report focuses on the relatively new salt, lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI), and its functionality together with a silicon based composite electrode in a half-cell lithium ion battery context. LiTDI is a promising alternative to the commonly used LiPF6 salt because it does not form HF which can decompose the oxide layer on Si. The formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as the development of the active Si-particles are investigated during the first electrochemical lithiation and de-lithiation. Characterizations are carried out at different state of charge with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) at two different photon energies. This enables a depth resolved picture of the reaction processes and gives an idea of the chemical buildup of the SEI. The SEI is formed by solvent and LiTDI decomposition products and its composition is similar to SEI formed by other carbonate based electrolytes. The LiTDI salt or its decomposition products are not in itself reactive towards the active Si-material and no unwanted side reactions occurs with the active Si-particles. Despite some decomposition of the LiTDI salt, it is a promising alternative for electrolytes aimed towards Si-based electrodes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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On the Capacity Losses Seen for Optimized Nano-Si Composite Electrodes in Li-Metal Half-Cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 9:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the use of silicon‐based electrodes can increase the capacity of Li‐ion batteries considerably, their application is associated with significant capacity losses. In this work, the influences of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, volume expansion, and lithium trapping are evaluated for two different electrochemical cycling schemes using lithium‐metal half‐cells containing silicon nanoparticle–based composite electrodes. Lithium trapping, caused by incomplete delithiation, is demonstrated to be the main reason for the capacity loss while SEI formation and dissolution affect the accumulated capacity loss due to a decreased coulombic efficiency. The capacity losses can be explained by the increasing lithium concentration in the electrode causing a decreasing lithiation potential and the lithiation cut‐off limit being reached faster. A lithium‐to‐silicon atomic ratio of 3.28 is found for a silicon electrode after 650 cycles using 1200 mAhg−1 capacity limited cycling. The results further show that the lithiation step is the capacity‐limiting step and that the capacity losses can be minimized by increasing the efficiency of the delithiation step via the inclusion of constant voltage delithiation steps. Lithium trapping due to incomplete delithiation consequently constitutes a very important capacity loss phenomenon for silicon composite electrodes.
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| 15. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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SEI Formation and Interfacial Stability of a Si Electrode in a LiTDI-Salt Based Electrolyte with FEC and VC Additives for Li-Ion Batteries
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:24, s. 15758-15766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electrolyte based on the new salt, lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI), is evaluated in combination with nano-Si composite electrodes for potential use in Li-ion batteries. The additives fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are also added to the electrolyte to enable an efficient SEI formation. By employing hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), the SEI formation and the development of the active material is probed during the first 100 cycles. With this electrolyte formulation, the Si electrode can cycle at 1200 mAh g(-1) for more than 100 cycles at a coulombic efficiency of 99%. With extended cycling, a decrease in Si particle size is observed as well as an increase in silicon oxide amount. As opposed to LiPF6 based electrolytes, this electrolyte or its decomposition products has no side reactions with the active Si material. The present results further acknowledge the positive effects of SEI forming additives. It is suggested that polycarbonates and a high LiF content are favorable components in the SEI over other kinds of carbonates formed by ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) decomposition. This work thus confirms that LiTDI in combination with the investigated additives is a promising salt for Si electrodes in future Li-ion batteries.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lindgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Medical education in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Medical teacher. - London : Update. - 0142-159X .- 1466-187X. ; 33:10, s. 798-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Undergraduate medical education in Sweden has moved from nationally regulated, subject-based courses to programmes integrated either around organ systems or physiological and patho-physiological processes, or organised around basic medical science in conjunction with clinical specialities, with individual profiles at the seven medical schools. The national regulations are restricted to overall academic and professional outcomes. The 51/2 year long university undergraduate curriculum is followed by a mandatory 18 months internship, delivered by the County Councils. While quality control and accreditation for the university curriculum is provided by the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education, no such formal control exists for the internship; undergraduate medical education is therefore in conflict with EU directives from 2005. The Government is expected to move towards 6 years long university undergraduate programmes, leading to licence, which will facilitate international mobility of both Swedish and foreign medical students and doctors. Ongoing academic development of undergraduate education is strengthened by the Bologna process. It includes outcome (competence)-based curricula, university Masters level complying with international standards, progression of competence throughout the curriculum, student directed learning, active participation and roles in practical clinical education and a national assessment model to assure professional competence. In the near future, the dimensioning of Swedish undergraduate education is likely to be decided more by international demands and aspects of quality than by national demands for doctors.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Lindgren, Torbjörn, 1972-
(författare)
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In Search of the Holy Grail of Photoelectrochemistry : A Study of Thin Film Electrodes for Solar Hydrogen Generation
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrogen is a wanted energy carrier in a future society less dependent of fossil fuels. This thesis investigates the possibilities of using solar energy to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen, so called artificial photosynthesis. Through this work multiple inexpensive and stable thin film semiconductor electrodes have been produced and used as solar energy absorbers and active sites for direct watersplitting in photoelectrochemical cells. The electrodes have mainly been of nanostructured metal oxide character but also nitrides have been studied. Detailed back ground theory on photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors for hydrogen evolution is given in the summary of the thesis.Nanostructured WO3 electrodes with a quantum yield close to unity were designed and photoelectrochemically characterized. Hematite, α-Fe2O3, nanorods were synthesized and characterized for the aim of water oxidation. The morphology of the hematite nanorods was found to be in favor of the traditional isotropic nanostructured electrodes. Moreover, a unique porous nitrogen doped TiO2 material, photoactive in visible light, was obtained by reactive sputtering. The nitrogen doped material has interesting photoelectrochemical properties and is also promising for related applications such as pollution degradation by photocatalysis. Polycrystalline indium nitride, InN, was produced by reactive sputtering. Electrodes of the as prepared InN as well as electrodes annealed in nitrogen were studied for the aim of photooxidation of water.The electrodes studied are interesting candidates as potential watersplitting electrodes in photoelectrochemical cells, even if all had in common that further improvements and optimizations need to be done.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Lindgren-Tuoma, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Skellefteå kommuns 1:1-satsning i gymnasieskolan : en redovisning av enkätsvar från elever, lärare och rektorer i årskurs 1
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under Skolarbetet blir roligare, gymnasieeleverna tar större ansvar och de lär sig bättre när de får använda datorn eller plattan i skolarbetet. Vilket de motiverar med att tekniken ger ökad tillgång till information, gör det lättare att läsa, skriva och anteckna samt att det stöttar lärandet. Många anger också att de uppskattar specialprogram som underlättar läs- och skrivarbete. Detta visar den enkätstudie som Skellefteå kommun gjort under våren 2014. Under perioden 2013-2015 genomför Skellefteå kommun en 1:1-satsning i kommunens gymnasieskolor som omfattar samtliga elever och lärare. Studien genomfördes och analyserades av Umeå universitet på uppdrag av Gymnasiekontoret vid Skellefteå kommun. Den omfattade samtliga gymnasielever och lärare i årskurs 1 samt rektorerna vid de berörda skolorna. Rapportförfattarna vill tacka alla som tog sig tid till att delta. Av de elever som deltog, besvarade samtliga alla frågor som ingick i enkäten, vilket var extra roligt.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lundgren, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Sex- and depot-specific lipolysis regulation in human adipocytes : interplay between adrenergic stimulation and glucocorticoids
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hormone and Metabolic Research. - Stuttgart, New York : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0018-5043 .- 1439-4286. ; 40, s. 854-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this investigation was to explore interactions between adrenergic stimulation, glucocorticoids, and insulin on the lipolytic rate in isolated human adipocytes from subcutaneous and omental fat depots, and to address possible sex diff erences. Fat biopsies were obtained from 48 nondiabetic subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Lipolysis rate was measured as glycerol release from isolated cells and proteins involved in lipolysis regulation were assessed by immunoblots. Fasting blood samples were obtained and metabolic and infl ammatory variables were analyzed. In women, the rate of 8-bromo-cAMP- and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis was ~ 2- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, in subcutaneous compared to omental adipocytes, whereas there was no diff erence between the two depots in men. Dexamethasone treatment increased the ability of 8-bromo-cAMP to stimulate lipolysis in the subcutaneous depot in women, but had no consistent eff ects in fat cells from men. Protein kinase A, Perilipin A, and hormone sensitive lipase content in adipocytes was not aff ected by adipose depot, sex, or glucocorticoid treatment. In conclusion, catecholamine and glucocorticoid regulation of lipolysis in isolatedhuman adipocytes diff ers between adipose tissue depots and also between sexes. These findings may be of relevance for the interaction between endogenous stress hormones and adipose tissue function in visceral adiposity and the metabolic syndrome.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Mwabora, Julius M., et al.
(författare)
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Structure, Composition and Morphology of Photoelectrochemically Active TiO2-xNx Thin Films Deposited by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 108:52, s. 20193-20198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of nitrogen-doped TiO2 were made by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in a mixture of argon, oxygen, and nitrogen. The nitrogen gas ratio Φ was varied in the 0 < Φ < 0.025 range during the depositions, resulting in TiO2-xNx films with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.022 as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Structural and morphological properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Films prepared without nitrogen had a rutile structure, while the nitrogen-doped films were either rutile or anatase depending on Φ being below or above ∼0.007. Deposition rate, effective grain size, root-mean-square roughness, morphology, and optical absorption were also found to depend on Φ. The films were photoelectrochemically active, as reported in an earlier papers of ours [J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 5709-5716 and J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 5995-6003].
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| 33. |
- Mylrea-Foley, Bronacha, et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise : the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in the late preterm period. The consequences of inappropriate early or late delivery are potentially important yet practice varies widely around the world, with abnormal findings from fetal heart rate monitoring invariably leading to delivery. Indices derived from fetal cerebral Doppler examination may guide such decisions although there are few studies in this area. We propose a randomised, controlled trial to establish the optimum method of timing delivery between 32 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. We hypothesise that delivery on evidence of cerebral blood flow redistribution reduces a composite of perinatal poor outcome, death and short-term hypoxia-related morbidity, with no worsening of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.Methods and analysis: Women with non-anomalous singleton pregnancies 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation in whom the estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is <10th percentile or has decreased by 50 percentiles since 18-32 weeks will be included for observational data collection. Participants will be randomised if cerebral blood flow redistribution is identified, based on umbilical to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio values. Computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) must show normal fetal heart rate short term variation (>= 4.5 msec) and absence of decelerations at randomisation. Randomisation will be 1:1 to immediate delivery or delayed delivery (based on cCTG abnormalities or other worsening fetal condition). The primary outcome is poor condition at birth and/or fetal or neonatal death and/or major neonatal morbidity, the secondary non-inferiority outcome is 2-year infant general health and neurodevelopmental outcome based on the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised questionnaire.Ethics and dissemination: The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy.
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| 34. |
- Nilsson, Anders, 1958-
(författare)
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Power Doppler - Principles and Potential Clinical Applications
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this work was to: a) Determine whether the amount of colour in a power Doppler image is dependent on the angle between the examined vessel and the soundbeam and/or on the velocity of the flow within the vessel; b) Investigate if a dependency on flow velocity could be used for the detection of volume flow differences and c) Define clinical applications utilising the improved sensitivity to low flow of PD.In the experimental studies (study I and II) a silicon tube in a water bath was insonated, the insonation angle and the volume flow changed and the resulting images stored, transferred to a personal computer and analysed with regard to the amount of colour present in the image.In study III and IV the ability of power Doppler to depict low flow was used to produce a map of the perfusion in well perfused organs, lack of colour in all or part of an organ taken as a sign of decreased perfusion. 150 patients with a renal transplant (study III) and 15 patients with abdominal trauma (study IV) were examined; the detected areas of decreased perfusion were correlated to other imaging modalities, laboratory and clinical records in order to determine the underlying pathology.In study V the power Doppler sensitivity was used to look for and describe small portosystemic shunts in 141 patients with liver cirrhoses and suspected portal hypertension.The colour representation in a power Doppler image was found to be dependent both on the insonation angle and the flow velocity. Computer analysis of the images could detect differences in volume flow down to a change of 10 ml/min.Of the 150 renal transplants, areas of decreased perfusion were found in 12, all of which could be given a plausible explanation (2 focal infections, 4 AV fistulae, 1 kinked segmental artery and 5 with problems related to an accessory artery).Of the 20 organs (7 livers and 13 spleens) examined in the 15 trauma patients, 5 were found to have areas without colour, corresponding to localised haematomas. Using computed tomography as gold standard, ultrasound showed neither false positive nor false negative findings.Of the 141 patients with cirrhosis, 40 had Doppler ultrasound findings of a shunt, consistent with a portal hypertension. 7 of these 40 shunts showed a typical “ball ” or “corkscrew ” pattern.Conclusion: The colour in a power Doppler image is dependent not only on reflector concentration (as it should be in theory) but also on the insonation angle and the velocity of the flow. This can be used to detect relative changes in volume flow. Clinical applications of power Doppler include mapping of organ perfusion and the detection of small vessels. These applications are based on the high sensitivity of power Doppler.
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| 35. |
- Nordanstig, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality with Paclitaxel-Coated Devices in Peripheral Artery Disease.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 383, s. 2538-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of a recent meta-analysis aroused concern about an increased risk of death associated with the use of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons and stents in lower-limb endovascular interventions for symptomatic peripheral artery disease.We conducted an unplanned interim analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized, open-label, registry-based clinical trial. At the time of the analysis, 2289 patients had been randomly assigned to treatment with drug-coated devices (the drug-coated-device group, 1149 patients) or treatment with uncoated devices (the uncoated-device group, 1140 patients). Randomization was stratified according to disease severity on the basis of whether patients had chronic limb-threatening ischemia (1480 patients) or intermittent claudication (809 patients). The single end point for this interim analysis was all-cause mortality.No patients were lost to follow-up. Paclitaxel was used as the coating agent for all the drug-coated devices. During a mean follow-up of 2.49 years, 574 patients died, including 293 patients (25.5%) in the drug-coated-device group and 281 patients (24.6%) in the uncoated-device group (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.22). At 1 year, all-cause mortality was 10.2% (117 patients) in the drug-coated-device group and 9.9% (113 patients) in the uncoated-device group. During the entire follow-up period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death between the treatment groups among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (33.4% [249 patients] in the drug-coated-device group and 33.1% [243 patients] in the uncoated-device group) or among those with intermittent claudication (10.9% [44 patients] and 9.4% [38 patients], respectively).In this randomized trial in which patients with peripheral artery disease received treatment with paclitaxel-coated or uncoated endovascular devices, the results of an unplanned interim analysis of all-cause mortality did not show a difference between the groups in the incidence of death during 1 to 4 years of follow-up. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02051088.).
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Reithuber, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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THCz : Small molecules with antimicrobial activity that block cell wall lipid intermediates
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging antibiotic resistance demands identification of novel antibacterial compound classes. A bacterial whole-cell screen based on pneumococcal autolysin-mediated lysis induction was developed to identify potential bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors. A hit class comprising a 1-amino substituted tetrahydrocarbazole (THCz) scaffold, containing two essential amine groups, displayed bactericidal activity against a broad range of gram-positive and selected gram-negative pathogens in the low micromolar range. Mode of action studies revealed that THCz inhibit cell envelope synthesis by targeting undecaprenyl pyrophosphate-containing lipid intermediates and thus simultaneously inhibit peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and polysaccharide capsule biosynthesis. Resistance did not readily develop in vitro, and the ease of synthesizing and modifying these small molecules, as compared to natural lipid II-binding antibiotics, makes THCz promising scaffolds for development of cell wall-targeting antimicrobials.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Smans, Karine A, et al.
(författare)
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Bispecific antibody-mediated lysis of primary cultures of ovarian carcinoma cells using multiple target antigens
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 83:2, s. 270-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have shown previously that a bispecific antibody (BsAb) directed against both germ-cell alkaline phosphatase (GCAP) and the CD3 complex on mouse T cells could effectively eliminate GCAP-positive tumor cells in vivo using an immunocompetent mouse model. However, some GCAP-negative tumor cells were still able to grow, suggesting that BsAb therapy, when used in a clinical setting, could benefit from targeting several tumor markers to prevent outgrowth of tumor cells lacking a targeted marker. To test this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model based on primary human ovarian carcinoma (OC) cultures and BsAbs directed against human T cells and several tumor markers [placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), GCAP, folate-binding protein (FBP) and CA19.9]. OC cells, isolated from primary tumors, were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence or absence of various concentrations of BsAbs against PLAP/GCAP, FBP and CA19.9 administered separately or in combination. Results derived from 18 primary OC samples showed that the combination treatment was better than or equally effective as the best single BsAB treatment in 60% of cases. Sometimes targeting FBP, PLAP/GCAP or CA19.9 alone was superior to targeting all simultaneously. Combining each BsAb with a low dose of IL-2 was always beneficial. These results indicate that before using a specific BsAb in the clinic, it is important to determine the optimal BsAb for each patient using this in vitro assay on cells from the removed tumor mass.
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| 40. |
- Taube, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of sex steroids on survival and receptor expression in ovarian epithelial tumour cells
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 22:6, s. 1257-1262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The factors that govern the genesis and progression of ovarian cancer remain unclear. It is thought that ovarian tumours are endocrine related and hormone dependent. We therefore investigated the effects of the sex steroids progesterone, testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol on tumour cell survival and the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in tumour cells. The study was performed on primary cell cultures derived from patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer. The majority of the cells isolated expressed ER and PR to some degree, the combination ER+/PR+ was the most common. Both ER and PR expression decreased after 72-h culture, revealing an unexpectedly dynamic system. The survival rates of cells cultured in progesterone seemed to be inversely related to their PR expression. Lowering levels of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in cell cultures reduced cell survival, but it appears that this observation depends on factors other than ER.
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| 41. |
- Taube, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Low sex steroid environment affects survival and steroid secretion of ovarian tumour cells in primary cultures
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 20:3, s. 589-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian epithelial tumours are considered to be endocrine related. The effects of an environment with low levels of the steroid hormones 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone or progesterone on cell survival and steroid secretion were studied in primary cell cultures derived from 25 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian tumours. Tumour cells cultured in 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone showed a reduced cell survival (-10.3 +/- 2.3% and -15.6 +/- 2.7% minimum survival respectively). This reduction was inversely proportional to hormone concentrations within the range studied. No similar effect was observed in the progesterone cultures. It was found that 17 beta-estradiol was secreted from the primary cell cultures and, interestingly, the amount of 17 beta-estradiol secreted increased with increasing levels of 17 beta-estradiol in the environment. Neither progesterone nor testosterone production was observed in any of the cultures studied. It is believed that 17 beta-estradiol has an antiapoptotic effect on ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. Reduction of 17 beta-estradiol in the environment may inhibit this effect, resulting in reduced cell survival. The ability of ovarian epithelial tumour cells to secrete 17 beta-estradiol suggests that epithelial ovarian tumours play an active role in altering their own hormonal environment, promoting tumour progression.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Xu, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Performance of the Silicon Anode for Li-Ion Batteries : Understanding the Surface Modification Mechanism of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Effective Electrolyte Additive
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 27:7, s. 2591-2599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries has attracted tremendous attention due to its high theoretical capacity, and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was used as an electrolyte additive, which significantly improved the cyclability of silicon-based electrodes in this study. The decomposition of the FEC additive was investigated by synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) giving a chemical composition depth-profile. The reduction products of FEC were found to mainly consist of LiF and -CHF-OCO2-type compounds. Moreover, FEC influenced the lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) decomposition reaction and may have suppressed further salt degradation. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from the decomposition of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), without the FEC additive present, covered surface voids and lead to an increase in polarization. However, in the presence of FEC, which degrades at a higher reduction potential than EC and DEC, instantaneously a conformal SEI was formed on the silicon electrode. This stable SEI layer sufficiently limited the emergence of large cracks and preserved the original surface morphology as well as suppressed the additional SEI formation from the other solvent. This study highlights the vital importance of how the chemical composition and morphology of the SEI influence battery performance.
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