| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aronsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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An operational decision support tool for stump harvest
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-criteria decision support tool was developed to optimise stump harvesting for energy in Sweden. The decision tool takes account of multiple, sometimes conflicting, criteria relating to stump harvest; energy and climate, economics, biodiversity, and soil and water. Data on harvested stems are used as primary input data in the tool. Such data are routinely collected in harvester computers. The tool effectively deals with mixed sets of data; quantitative harvest data are re-calculated to metric (e.g. stump biomass), and qualitative data (e.g. biodiversity implications) are incorporated. A digital terrain map derived from air-borne laser scanning provides basic data for estimating soil wetness, while digital maps of water courses, key habitats and protected areas, or other sensitive habitats, are used to identify potentially and practically harvestable stumps.In four sub-models, an index from 0 to 10 is calculated for each stump, with 0 representing ‘Not at all suitable’ and 10 ‘Highly suitable for extraction’. Through this, a stump of high value for wood-living species is assigned a low index in the biodiversity sub-model and a large, easily accessible stump is assigned a high index in the economic sub-model. When calculating the net index, the sub-indices can be weighted according to the preferences of the end-user.An energy and climate sub-model incorporates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from forest operations and the effect of advancing GHG emissions when stump biomass is incinerated instead of being left to decompose. In the economic sub-model the potential monetary return from each stump is calculated based on estimated revenue from harvested stump biomass and the costs of stump harvesting and forwarding operations (based on cost functions and GIS calculations of transport distances).The biodiversity sub-model considers four types of wood-dependent organisms (lichens, mosses, insects and fungi) in terms of their habitat requirements, vulnerability, sun exposure preferences, locality, etc. A panel of external experts has drawn up a grading scale of stump values for the different taxonomic groups. The proximity to key habitats and exposure to sunlight are derived from a spatial model.Soil and water issues are handled within a sub-model estimating the consequences for long-term soil fertility (nutrient cycling and soil compaction) and water (leaching of plant nutrients and mercury, and particle transport due to soil damage by heavy machinery).The tool offers the end-user possibilities to prioritise and plan for cost-effective stump harvesting, while minimising negative environmental impacts.
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| 3. |
- Lindholm, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse managers' professional networks, psychosocial resources and self-rated health.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 42:5, s. 506-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Nurse managers act under constant pressure to develop strategies in response to professional challenges within a changing and restructured health care system. When such environmental stress is present, they need access to sufficient psychosocial recourses. Aim. The study aimed to investigate whether nurse managers' professional networks, psychosocial work conditions, job support, social network and support were associated with self-rated health, sick-leave and salary. Methods. From a total of 268 Swedish nurse managers, active in management positions, 205 (77%) agreed to participate in the study by answering a self-report questionnaire. Cronbach's α was used to calculate internal consistency. Odds ratios were used to estimate the bivariate association between self-rated health and psychosocial resources. Results. Nurse managers exposed to high job demands had significantly increased odds for low self-rated health. It was also found that low level of support from professional network, job support, social network and social support outside work displayed increased odds for low self-rated health, independently of age, gender and education. There were additive (but no synergistic) effects found for job demand in combination with professional networks, job support and emotional support and in relation to self-rated health. Conclusion. The study showed that nurse managers exposed to high job demands had elevated odds for low self-rated health, regardless of level of psychosocial resources within or outside work. Two-thirds of the nurse managers who were affiliated to professional networks did not consider this a supporting factor in their management work. Those with low job support had increased odds for sick-leave compared with those with high support. No significant associations were found between psychosocial characteristics and salary.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Amin, Khabat, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of road safety trends 2020 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2020 interim targets
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish road safety management is based on the Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. 2020 was the final year for achieving the interim target of halving the number of fatalities between 2007 and 2020, i.e., a maximum of 220 fatalities in 2020. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured in road traffic must be reduced by a quarter. This report describes and analyses the current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities and seriously injured. As this report is the last for the 2007-2020 interim target period, it can be seen as a final summary of how well the targets were achieved for fatalities and seriously injured and for the safety performance indicators. However, it is also important to remember that the year 2020 coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a profound impact on virtually the entire society. This affected travel in a number of different ways, and consequently it is impossible to estimate the impact this has had on the outcome in 2020, although it probably has led to a slightly lower outcome. The table below shows starting and final values together with an overview of whether the safety performance indicators have met the 2020 targets.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Kristina E, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oats on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins in C57BL/6 mice are substrain specific.
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 103, s. 513-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of oats have been demonstrated in both animals and human subjects. However, the crucial properties of oat-containing diets that determine their health effects need to be further investigated to optimise their use. A mouse model would be a valuable tool, but few such studies have been published to date. We investigated the effects of oat bran on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins in two substrains of C57BL/6 mice. Western diet was made atherogenic by the addition of 0.8 % cholesterol and 0.1 % cholic acid. After 4 weeks on atherogenic diet, total plasma cholesterol had increased from 1.86-2.53 to 3.77-4.40 mmol/l. In C57BL/6NCrl mice, inclusion of 27 and 40 % oat bran reduced total plasma cholesterol by 19 and 24 %, respectively, reduced the shift from HDL to LDL+VLDL and caused increased faecal cholesterol excretion. There was no effect of oat bran on plasma levels of the inflammatory markers fibrinogen, serum amyloid A or TNF-alpha. Contrary to findings in C57BL/6NCrl mice, there was no sustained effect of oat bran (27 or 40 %) on plasma cholesterol in C57BL/6JBomTac mice after 4 weeks of feeding. Thus, C57BL/6NCrl mice fed an atherogenic diet are a good model for studies of physiological effects of oats, whereas a substrain derived from C57BL/6J, raised in a different breeding environment and likely possessing functional genetic differences from C57BL/6N, is considerably less responsive to oats. The present finding that two substrains of mice respond differently to oats is of practical value, but can also help to elucidate mechanisms of the cholesterol-lowering effect of oats.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Kristina E, et al.
(författare)
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Oats (Avena sativa) reduce atherogenesis in LDL-receptor-deficient mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; Jul 1, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The cholesterol-lowering properties of oats, largely ascribed to its contents of soluble fibers, beta-glucans, are well established, whereas effects on atherogenesis are less well elucidated. Oats also contains components with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may affect atherogenesis. In this work we examined effects of oat bran on plasma cholesterol, markers of inflammation, eNOS expression and development of atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor-deficient (LDLr(-/-)) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female LDLr(-/-) mice were fed Western diet+/-oat bran. Two concentrations of oat bran (40 and 27%) were compared regarding effects on plasma lipids. There was a dose-dependent reduction of plasma cholesterol by 42 and 20% with 40 and 27% oat bran, respectively. Both concentrations also lowered plasma triglycerides (by 45 and 33%) and relative levels of plasma LDL+VLDL. The reduction of plasma lipids was accompanied by increased faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. Oat bran (40%) efficiently reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in the descending aorta (-77%) and aortic root (-33%). Plasma levels of fibrinogen and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly lower, and immunofluorescence of aortic sections revealed a 75% lower expression of VCAM-1 in oat-fed mice. The expression of eNOS protein in the aortic wall was increased in mice fed oat bran. CONCLUSIONS: Oat bran supplemented to a Western diet lowers plasma cholesterol, reduces levels of some inflammatory markers, increases eNOS expression and inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development in LDLr(-/-) mice. It remains to be investigated which components in oats contribute to these effects.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Vägen framåt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Att välja rättvist. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 207-214
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som vi visat har utvecklingen av metoder och strukturer för öppna prioriteringar i Sverige kommit långt. Många frågor återstår likväl. Under vårt arbete med denna bok har vi identifierat ett antal förbättringsområden och utmaningar som vi avslutningsvis vill lyfta fram. Det rör sig om vilka som ska delta i prioriteringarna, tydliggörande av värdegrunden, behov av bättre kunskap, baserad på både vetenskaplig metod och erfarenhet, och fortsatt utveckling av prioriteringsprocesser på olika nivåer och i olika sammanhang. Även om vi i Sverige skulle nå en god enighet kring principer och kriterier för prioriteringar så kommer vi alltid finna många olika sätt att praktiskt lösa specifika prioriteringsproblem.
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| 9. |
- Bergstedt, Edwin, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the DIN 3962 Quality Class on the Efficiency in Honed Powder Metal and Wrought Steel Gears
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tribology Transactions. - : Taylor and Francis Inc.. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 63:6, s. 1076-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase the efficiency of a gearbox, research on gear mesh loss is of importance. Britton et al. concluded that the surface finishing method affects the gear mesh efficiency. The efficiency benefits of superfinishing a surface and reducing the surface roughness have been reported by Kahraman. A novel method for calculating the bearing loss torque was proposed by Tu et al. Andersson et al. found that the efficiency can vary between 2 and 5% during repeated efficiency tests due to variations in the assembly process. This work investigates how the honing surface finishing process and DIN 3962 quality class affect the gear mesh efficiency by performing tests in an FZG back-to-back test rig. Two materials, a powder metal and a wrought steel, were tested. All gears were finished using a honing process and sorted according the measured quality class. Powder metal gears of class 6, 7, 8, and ≥9 and wrought steel gears of class 6, 7, and ≥9 were tested. The efficiency were calculated from measuring the torque required to maintain a constant velocity of the FZG test rig. The results from the efficiency tests showed no significant difference in efficiency between the wrought steel and powder metal steel gears. In addition, no obvious correlation between the DIN 3962 quality class and the gear mesh efficiency could be found. When examining the wrought steel material it was found that the reproducibility of the efficiency was comparable to the assembly error of the test rig, despite the variation in quality class.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Testfasen i miljöklassningsprojekten : Delrapport september 2007
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en redovisning av resultat och underlag i testfasen imiljöklassningsprojekten.I januari 2005 inleddes tre forskningsprojekt med målet att föreslå ettsystem för miljöklassning av byggnader. Forskningsprojekten har engemensam projektgrupp där 27 företag ingår. Syftet med projekten är attta fram förslag till indikatorer och kriterier för klassning inom områdenaenergi, innemiljö och farliga ämnen. Projekten avslutas hösten 2007.Under perioden december 2006 – mars 2007 genomfördes ett test avflera alternativa förslag till indikatorer. Testet utfördes i nära samverkanmed 16 företag från projektgruppen och ytterligare 10 bostadsrättföreningaroch 6 småhusägare. Sammanlagt ingick 46 byggnader av olika typ(flerbostadshus, kontor, sjukhus, småhus etc.).Testet utfördes genom att företag, föreningar och småhusägare samladein nödvändiga data för klassning av ett antal preliminära indikatorer. Defick också svara på frågor om prioritering av aspekter, indikatorer ochvilka resurser som krävdes.Insamlingen av mätdata kompletterades sedan med intervjuer för att fåin ytterligare information och synpunkter.Denna rapport innehåller resultat i form av:Indata från dem som testat.Försök till klassning av respektive byggnad.Synpunkter på genomförandet av testningen.Synpunkter på klassningssystemet.Dessutom ingick en studie av kopplingen mellan energideklarationer ochmiljöklassning. Några av byggnaderna energideklarerades och dessa datajämfördes med vad som behövs för miljöklassning.Rapporten innehåller samtliga dokument från testningen och kommeratt vara ett viktigt underlag i det fortsatta arbetet. Under hösten 2007kommer ett förslag till klassningssystem att presenteras.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Christiansen, Line I., et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation Promotes Brain Maturation in Preterm Pigs
- 2023
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Ingår i: eNeuro. - 2373-2822. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very preterm infants show low levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is associated with postnatal growth restriction and poor neurologic outcomes. It remains unknown whether supplemental IGF-1 may stimulate neurode-velopment in preterm neonates. Using cesarean-delivered preterm pigs as a model of preterm infants, we investi-gated the effects of supplemental IGF-1 on motor function and on regional and cellular brain development. Pigs were treated with 2.25 mg/kg/d recombinant human IGF-1/IGF binding protein-3 complex from birth until day 5 or 9 before the collection of brain samples for quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and quantitative PCR analyses. Brain protein synthesis was measured using in vivo labeling with [2H5] phenylalanine. We showed that the IGF-1 receptor was widely distributed in the brain and largely coexisted with immature neurons. Region-spe-cific quantification of IHC labeling showed that IGF-1 treatment promoted neuronal differentiation, increased subcorti-cal myelination, and attenuated synaptogenesis in a region-dependent and time-dependent manner. The expression levels of genes involved in neuronal and oligodendrocyte maturation, and angiogenic and transport functions were al-tered, reflecting enhanced brain maturation in response to IGF-1 treatment. Cerebellar protein synthesis was increased by 19% at day 5 and 14% at day 9 after IGF-1 treatment. Treatment had no effect on Iba1+ microglia or regional brain weights and did not affect motor development or the expression of genes related to IGF-1 signaling. In conclusion, the data show that supplemental IGF-1 promotes brain maturation in newborn preterm pigs. The results provide further support for IGF-1 supplementation therapy in the early postnatal period in preterm infants.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Docherty, Kieran F., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Dapagliflozin on Outpatient Worsening of Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction : A Prespecified Analysis of DAPA- HF.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Circulation. ; 142:17, s. 1623-1632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure), dapagliflozin, added to guideline-recommended therapies, reduced the risk of mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. We examined the frequency and significance of episodes of outpatient HF worsening, requiring the augmentation of oral therapy, and the effects of dapagliflozin on these additional events. METHODS: Patients in New York Heart Association functional class II to IV, with a left ventricular ejection fraction
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Costly punishment in the ultimatum game evokes moral concern, in particular when framed as payoff reduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1031 .- 1096-0465. ; 69, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultimatum game is a common economic experiment in which some participants reject another's unfair offer of how to split some money, even though it leaves them both worse off. This costly behavior can be seen as enforcement of a fairness norm and has been labeled “altruistic punishment”, suggesting that it is a moral thing to do. But is this behavior viewed as moral by participants? Is it viewed as punishment? And are the payoff consequences of the behavior sufficient to determine the answers to these questions? To investigate this we framed costly punishment in two different ways: either as rejection of an offer (the standard ultimatum game framing) or as reduction of payoff. In a series of paid and hypothetical experiments we found that moral concerns about costly punishment depended on the framing. Specifically, the reduction frame elicited more moral concern about, and less use of, costly punishment than did the rejection frame. Several implications are discussed.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer Who Need Supplemental Screening
- 2020
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Ingår i: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 1527-1315 .- 0033-8419. ; 297:2, s. 327-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality, but a proportion of breast cancers are missed and are detected at later stages or develop during between-screening intervals. Purpose To develop a risk model based on negative mammograms that identifies women likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer before or at the next screening examination. Materials and Methods This study was based on the prospective screening cohort Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA), 2011-2017. An image-based risk model was developed by using the Stratus method and computer-aided detection mammographic features (density, masses, microcalcifications), differences in the left and right breasts, and age. The lifestyle extended model included menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and use of tobacco and alcohol. The genetic extended model included a polygenic risk score with 313 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Age-adjusted relative risks and tumor subtype specific risks were estimated by using logistic regression, and absolute risks were calculated. Results Of 70 877 participants in the KARMA cohort, 974 incident cancers were sampled from 9376 healthy women (mean age, 54 years ± 10 [standard deviation]). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the image-based model was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71, 0.74). The AUCs for the lifestyle and genetic extended models were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.75) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.79), respectively. There was a relative eightfold difference in risk between women at high risk and those at general risk. High-risk women were more likely to be diagnosed with stage II cancers and with tumors 20 mm or larger and were less likely to have stage I and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. The image-based model was validated in three external cohorts. Conclusion By combining three mammographic features, differences in the left and right breasts, and optionally lifestyle factors and family history and a polygenic risk score, the model identified women at high likelihood of being diagnosed with breast cancer within 2 years of a negative screening examination and in possible need of supplemental screening.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Gillberg, L., et al.
(författare)
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Nitric oxide pathway-related gene alterations in inflammatory bowel disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 47:11, s. 1283-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To reveal specific gene activation in nitric oxide (NO)-related inflammation we studied differential gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods. Total RNA was isolated from 20 biopsies of inflamed mucosa from Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients each as well as from six controls, labeled with 32P-dCTP and hybridized to a human NO gene array. Significant genes were analyzed for functional gene interactions and heatmaps generated by hierarchical clustering. A selection of differentially expressed genes was further evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. Results. Significant gene expression differences were found for 19 genes in CD and 23 genes in UC compared to controls, both diseases with high expression of ICAM1 and IL-8. Correlation between microarray expression and corresponding protein expression was significant (r 0.47, p 0.002). Clustering analysis together with functional gene interaction analysis revealed clusters of coregulation and coexpression in CD and UC: transcripts involved in angiogenesis, inflammatory response mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and tissue fibrosis. Also, a fourth cluster with transcripts regulated by the transcription factor Sp1 was found in UC. Conclusions. Expression analysis in CD and UC revealed disease-specific regulation of NO-related genes, which might be involved in perpetuating inflammatory disease activity in IBD.
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| 21. |
- Glaumann, Mauritz, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöklassning av byggnader : Slutrapport april 2008
- 2008
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den här rapporten presenterar en metod för att miljöklassa byggnader med avseende på energi, innemiljö och kemiska ämnen. Rapporten presenterar också några särskilda miljökrav för byggnader med eget VA-system. Det övergripande syftet med ett nationellt miljöklassningssystem är att bidra till en hållbar bygg- och fastighetssektor. Arbetet ska resultera i en praktiskt tillämpbar metod för miljöklassning av byggnader som är väl förankrad i byggsektorn och hos myndigheterna. En allmänt accepterad miljöklassning av yggnader kan bli ett starkt incitament för byggherrar, fastighetsägare, fastighetsförvaltare och bebyggelsens användare att påskynda en utveckling mot en miljöanpassad och hälsoinriktad byggsektor. En av de viktigaste utgångspunkterna för arbetet med att ta fram ett miljöklassningssystem har varit Bygga-bo-dialogens1 mål att alla nya hus och 30 procent av det befintliga byggnadsbeståndet ska vara miljöklassade senast år 2009. Denna ambition har medfört att enkelhet har varit ett viktigt mål för miljöklassningsarbetet. Balansen mellan trovärdighet och enkelhet har varit viktigt för arbetet.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Gunningberg, Lena, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of risk assessment and classification of pressure ulcers as quality indicators for patients with hip fractures
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 8:4, s. 396-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of pressure ulcers in patients with hip fracture, on arrival at a Swedish hospital, at discharge, and two weeks post-surgery; (ii) to test whether clinical use of the Modified Norton Scale (MNS) could identify patients at risk for development of pressure ulcers; and (iii) to compare the reported prevalence of pressure ulcer in the experimental group, where risk assessment and classification of pressure ulcers was performed on a daily basis, with that of the control group, where it was not. The study design was prospective, with an experimental and a control group. The intervention in the experimental group consisted of risk assessment, risk alarm and skin observation performed by the nurse on duty, in the A & E Department, and daily throughout the hospital stay. To facilitate the nurse's assessment, a 'Pressure Ulcer Card' was developed, consisting of the MNS and descriptions of the four stages of pressure ulcers. On arrival at the hospital, approximately 20% of patients in both groups had pressure ulcers. At discharge, the rate had increased to 40% (experimental) and 36% (control). Clinical use of the MNS made it possible to identify the majority of patients at risk for development of pressure ulcers. Patients who were confused on arrival developed significantly more pressure ulcers than patients who were orientated to time and place. No significant difference was found in the reported prevalence of pressure ulcers between the experimental and control groups.
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| 25. |
- Gunningberg, Lena, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with hip fractures : a 2-year follow-up of quality indicators
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 13:5, s. 399-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the framework of a quality improvement project, where research activities were integrated with practice-based developmental work, the incidence of pressure ulcers was reduced significantly in patients with hip fractures. The best predictor of pressure ulcer development was increased age.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Haarhaus, Mathias, 1967-
(författare)
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Bone alkaline phosphatase isoforms in chronic kidney disease : mineral and bone disorder
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular complications. Disturbances in mineral metabolism occur early In study I we identified the novel BALP isoform Blx in 20% of patients with mild to moderate CKD. Blx was associated with lower glomerular filtration rate and higher serum phosphate and calcium x phosphate product, which are risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in CKD. We also identified the BALP isoforms B/I, Bl and B2 as predictors of total hip bone mineral density.Study II was an experimental study, investigating the role of the BALP isoforms in phosphate induced calcification of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that the ALP expressed in HASMCs is exclusively BALP. Phosphate induced calcification of HASMCs was associated with increased BALP isoforms B/I, Blx, and B2 activities, which implies functional differences between the BALP isoforms in HASMC calcification.In study III we investigated the association of BALP isoforms in serum and histomorphometric parameters of bone in patients on chronic hemodialysis. W e identified the BALP isoform Blx as a novel marker for reduced osteoblastic activity.Study IV was a prospective cohort study of the association of serum BALP isoforms with aortic calcification and vascular stiffness in prevalent chronic dialysis patients. Blx was associated with baseline and time varying vascular stiffness, determined by pulse wave velocity, but not with calcification of the abdominal aorta. We also found an association of Blx with better event-free survival.In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the BALP isoforms, especially isoform Blx, are involved in different aspects of CKD-MBD. This opens up for further research to identify the BALP isoforms as diagnostic markers and possible treatment targets in CKD-MBD.
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| 29. |
- Hakola, A., et al.
(författare)
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Global migration of C-13 impurities in high-density L-mode plasmas in ASDEX Upgrade
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 438:Suppl., s. S694-S697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the migration of 13C in ASDEX Upgrade after a global impurity injection experiment in 2011. The main chamber was observed to be the largest deposition region for carbon: almost 35% of the injected atoms end up there. Moreover, gaps between wall tiles account for surface densities which are comparable to those on the plasma-facing surfaces. SOLPS modeling of the experiment produced a set of background plasmas and poloidal flow profiles for simulating the transport of 13C with ASCOT; a match with measured deposition, however, required using an imposed flow profile. ASCOT reproduced the observed localized deposition at the outer midplane but work is needed to explain the measured deposition at the inner side of the torus and at the top of the vessel.
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| 30. |
- Hakola, A., et al.
(författare)
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Global migration of impurities in tokamaks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 55:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The migration of impurities in tokamaks has been studied with the help of tracer-injection (C-13 and N-15) experiments in JET and ASDEX Upgrade since 2001. We have identified a common pattern for the migrating particles: scrape-off layer flows drive impurities from the low-field side towards the high-field side of the vessel. Migration is also sensitive to the density and magnetic configuration of the plasma, and strong local variations in the resulting deposition patterns require 3D treatment of the migration process. Moreover, re-erosion of the deposited particles has to be taken into account to properly describe the migration process during steady-state operation of the tokamak.
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| 31. |
- Hedberg, Per-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating correct and incorrect statements of eyewitness testimony using semantic spaces
- 2009
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Ingår i: 21st Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science, San Francisco, 2009. ; , s. 81-81
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studies have shown that descriptions of real and suggested or fabricated eyewitness memory may differ in ways that could be explained by differences in the formation and cognitive representations of these memories. However, the characteristics of an eyewitness’ description are likely to depend not only on the cognitive features of memory, but also on the witness’ social motivation to display meta-cognitive states to the investigator. For example, when a response to a question is delayed, this delay is open to several interpretations. It may mean that the respondent a) have difficulty understanding the question b) is retrieving the information c) is formulating her response d) is withdrawing from the interaction. To prevent misunderstanding, respondents need to account for their delays, uncertainties, and failures in answering. Linguistic research shows that when responding to general knowledge questions, people do this by using several markers (Brennan & Williams, 1995; Krahmer & Swerts, 2005; Smith & Clark, 1993). Respondents often use fillers like “uh” and “um” to indicate some trouble with processing. The fillers both signal the delay and offer a brief account for it. Lack of confidence can either be implied by rising intonation, or by hedges as “I think”, “I guess”, etc. Respondents can also account for delays with self-talk and explicit commentary. Both fillers and self-talk are showing the questioner that despite the delay, one is still actively trying to retrieve an answer. Both are ways to let the questioner in on how the retrieval is progressing, and show that the respondent is not uncooperative, ignorant, poor in judgment etc. Listeners have been shown to use these cues to make adequate assessments of the certainty or uncertainty of the speaker (Brennan & Williams, 1995; Krahmer & Swerts, 2005; 2006). This constitutes the Interactive view on question answering (Smith & Clark, 1993). The current research investigated whether similar communicative cues discriminated eyewitnesses’ accurate and inaccurate responses to questions about a crime event. Furthermore, we examined the extent to which groups differing in experience with judging eyewitness memory use these cues to estimate witness accuracy. Witnesses were videotaped while being interviewed about their memory of a simulated crime scenario. Responses to cued recall questions that provided correct or incorrect information about a specific detail were protocoled and scored with respect to linguistic and paralinguistic uncertainty cues (delays, fillers non-words/words, hedges, number of words). Results confirmed a higher frequency of “uncertainty” cues in witnesses’ incorrect as compared to correct responses. This finding points to the importance of taking the interactive component of the question-answering situation into account when analysing eyewitness memory. The eyewitness statements were presented to police detectives, chief judges, and lay-persons in written or in videotaped format. While all groups had difficulty determining accuracy, experienced police detectives, but not judges, had a better discrimination accuracy than lay-persons. Both professionals and lay-persons showed better discrimination when presented with statements in written than in videotaped format. This suggests that the visual format conveys information that interferes with the detection of valid accuracy cues.
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| 32. |
- Henning, Petra, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic modification of adenovirus 5 tropism by a novel class of ligands based on a three-helix bundle scaffold derived from staphylococcal protein A.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human gene therapy. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1043-0342 .- 1557-7422. ; 13:12, s. 1427-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of adenovirus (Ad) as an efficient and versatile vector for in vivo tumor therapy requires the modulation of its cellular tropism. We previously developed a method to genetically alter the tropism of Ad5 fibers by replacing the fiber knob domain by an extrinsic trimerization motif and a new cellular ligand. However, fibers carrying complex ligands such as single-chain antibody fragments did not assemble into functional pentons in vitro in the presence of penton base, and failed to be rescued into infectious virions because of their inability to fold correctly within the cytoplasm of Ad-infected cells. Here we show that the coding sequence for a disulfide bond-independent three-helix bundle scaffold Z, derived from domain B of Staphylococcal protein A and capable of binding to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, could be incorporated into modified knobless Ad fiber gene constructs with seven shaft repeats. These fiber gene constructs could be rescued into viable virions that were demonstrated to enter 293 cells engineered for IgG Fc surface expression but not unmodified 293 cells, via a mechanism that could be specifically blocked with soluble Fc target protein. However, the tropism modified viruses showed a slightly impaired cellular entry and a lower infectivity than wildtype (WT) virus. In addition, we generated recombinant fibers containing an IgA binding Affibody ligand, derived from combinatorial specificity-engineering of the Z domain scaffold. Such fiber constructs also showed the expected target specific binding, indicating that the affibody protein class is ideally suited for genetic engineering of Ad tropism.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean diet, kidney function, and mortality in men with CKD
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. - 1555-905X .- 1555-9041. ; 8:9, s. 1548-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may link to a better preserved kidney function in the community as well as a favorable cardiometabolic profile and reduced mortality risk in individuals with manifest CKD.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Dietary habits were determined by 7-day dietary records in a population-based cohort of 1110 Swedish men (age 70 years) from 1991 to 1995, 506 of whom were considered to have CKD because of a GFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). A Mediterranean Diet Score was calculated, and participants were categorized as having low, medium, or high adherence. Adequate dietary reporters were identified with Goldberg cutoffs (n=597). Deaths were registered during a median follow-up of 9.9 years.RESULTS: Compared with low adherents, medium and high adherents were 23% and 42% less likely to have CKD, respectively (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.77 [0.57 to 1.05] and 0.58 [0.38 to 0.87], respectively, P for trend=0.04). Among those individuals with CKD, phosphate intake and net endogenous acid production were progressively lower across increasing adherence groups. No differences were observed regarding other cardiometabolic risk factors across adherence groups. As many as 168 (33%) CKD individuals died during follow-up. Compared with low adherents, proportional hazards regression associated medium and high adherents to a 25% and 23% lower mortality risk, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.75 [0.52 to 1.06] and 0.77 [0.44 to 1.36], respectively, P for trend=0.10). Sensitivity analyses showed significant and stronger associations when only adequate dietary reporters were considered.CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower likelihood of CKD in elderly men. A greater adherence to this diet independently predicted survival in those patients with manifest CKD. Clinical trials are warranted to test the hypothesis that following such a diet could improve outcomes (independent of other healthy lifestyles) in CKD patients.
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| 36. |
- Huang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Serum and adipose tissue fatty acid composition as biomarkers of habitual dietary fat intake in elderly men with chronic kidney disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 29:1, s. 128-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Fatty acid (FA) composition in serum cholesterol esters (CE) and adipose tissue (AT) reflect the long-term FA intake in the general population. Because both dietary intake and FA biomarkers associate with renal function, our aim was to identify which CE and AT FAs are useful biomarkers of habitual FA intake in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed in 506 men (aged 70 years) with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men cohort. Dietary habits were evaluated with a 7-day dietary record. FA compositions in CE and AT were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography in two random subsamples of 248 and 318 individuals, respectively.Results Both CE and AT linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were strongly associated with their corresponding intake, after adjustments for non-dietary factors. The proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and palmitic acid in CE and AT moderately correlated with dietary intake, whereas correlations of other FAs were weaker or absent. Proportions of EPA and DHA in CE and AT were positively associated with the total energy-adjusted fish intake. Results were confirmed in adequate reporters as identified by the Goldberg cutoff method. These relationships held constant, regardless of a GFR above or below 45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or the prevalence of microalbuminuria.Conclusions Proportions of EPA, DHA, palmitic and linoleic acid in serum CE and AT are good indicators of their dietary intake in men with CKD. They can be considered valid biomarkers for epidemiological studies and assessment of compliance.
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| 37. |
- Huang, X, et al.
(författare)
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Serum fatty acid patterns, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome in individuals with chronic kidney disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 275:1, s. 71-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The causes of the multiple metabolic disorders of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully known. We investigated the relationships between dietary fat quality, the metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin sensitivity and inflammation in individuals with CKD.SUBJECTS: Two population-based surveys were conducted in elderly Swedish individuals (aged 70 years) with serum cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL min(-1) /1.73 m(2) : the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) and the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) surveys. The present population comprised 274 men and 187 subjects (63% women) from the ULSAM and PIVUS cohorts, respectively.DESIGN: Factor analyses of serum fatty acids were used to evaluate dietary fat quality. Insulin sensitivity was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR) and, in ULSAM, also by euglycaemic clamp.RESULTS: Factor analyses generated two fatty acid patterns of (i) low linoleic acid (LA)/high saturated fatty acid (SFA) or (ii) high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) levels. In both surveys, the low LA/high SFA pattern increased the odds of having MetS [adjusted odds ratio 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.81] and 0.45 (95% CI 0.30-0.67) per SD decrease in factor score in the ULSAM and PIVUS surveys, respectively] and was directly associated with both IR and C-reactive protein. The n-3 PUFA pattern was not consistently associated with these risk factors.CONCLUSIONS: A serum fatty acid pattern reflecting low LA and high SFA was strongly associated with MetS, IR and inflammation in two independent surveys of elderly individuals with CKD. At present, there are no specific dietary guidelines for individuals with CKD; however, these findings indirectly support current recommendations to replace SFAs with PUFAs from vegetable oils.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Hurtig, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av trafiksäkerhetsutvecklingen 2022 : Målstyrning av trafiksäkerhetsarbetet mot etappmålen 2030
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det svenska trafiksäkerhetsarbetet utgår från Nollvisionen och etappmål på vägen dit. Det nuvarande etappmålet för vägtrafiken innebär en halvering av antalet omkomna, från 266 (medelvärde 20172019), till max 133 omkomna år 2030. Etappmålet innebär också att antalet allvarligt skadade i vägtrafiken ska reduceras med 25 procent utifrån ett motsvarande utgångsvärde.I denna rapport redovisas och analyseras utvecklingen av säkerheten i vägtrafiken utifrån utpekade indikatorer och antalet omkomna. Antalet allvarligt skadade redovisas inte då en ny metod för bortfallsuppräkning av antalet allvarligt skadade tas fram under 2023. Utöver beslutade nationella etappmål finns även ett etappmål på EUnivå som innebär en halvering av antalet omkomna till 2030, jämfört med 2019.
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| 40. |
- Hurtig, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of road safety trends 2022 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2030 interim targets
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish road safety work is based on Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. The current interim target for road safety is to halve the number of fatalities from 266 (the average annual number 20172019) to a maximum of 133 fatalities in 2030. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured on the roads is to be reduced by 25 per cent from a corresponding number.This report describes and analyses current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities. The number of seriously injured is not reported, as a new method for non-response compensation of the number of seriously injured is being developed in 2023. In addition to the adopted national interim targets there is also an interim target at the EU level that specifies a halving, by 2030, of the number of fatalities recorded in 2019.
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| 41. |
- Håkansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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New voices in the narratives of the city
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A collection of city walks showing the history of Malmö has been translated into Arabic, and 19 Arabic speaking guides have been trained to show the city to an audience of visitors and residents. The Institute of the History of Malmö is planning a research project regarding what happens to the city’s narratives when new narrators and a new audience receive them, in a language that is new to the context. In the first part of the project we have interviewed guides about their role in narrating the history of the city, why they chose to be part of the project and what they what to achieve by guiding. Malmö is not today, and has never been, a homogenous city. The last few decades this has become a central part of the city’s identity. Although housing segregation is just as important as in other cities, people seem to feel that the segregation of public space is less obvious here. This contributes to a sense of “us” that includes differences on many levels, a complex and heterogeneous identity that this project seeks to contribute to. The research project accompanying the translated guided walks will take particular interest in three points: 1) How do the narratives change when new narrators and a new audience take them on? The guides’ and the audience’s relation to Malmö, their social and cultural references and relations to various collectives in the city will affect the narratives, we want to know how. 2) How do the narratives change by being linguistically translated from the language involved in the creation of the place to a language with other frames of reference? 3) How are the new narratives brbrought back and allowed to affect the hegemonic narratives of the city?
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Janson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Randomized clinical trial of the costs of open and laparoscopic surgery for colonic cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 91:4, s. 409-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There has been no randomized clinical trial of the costs of laparoscopic colonic resection (LCR) compared with those of open colonic resection (OCR) in the treatment of colonic cancer. METHODS: A subset of Swedish patients included in the Colon Cancer Open Or Laparoscopic Resection (COLOR) trial was included in a prospective cost analysis; costs were calculated up to 12 weeks after surgery. All relevant costs to society were included. No effects of the procedures, such as quality of life or survival, were taken into account. RESULTS: Two hundred and ten patients were included in the primary analysis, 98 of whom had LCR and 112 OCR. Total costs to society did not differ significantly between groups (difference in means for LCR versus OCR euro1846; P = 0.104). The cost of operation was significantly higher for LCR than for OCR (difference in means euro1171; P < 0.001), as was the cost of the first admission (difference in means euro1556; P = 0.015) and the total cost to the healthcare system (difference in means euro2244; P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Within 12 weeks of surgery for colonic cancer, there was no difference in total costs to society incurred by LCR and OCR. The LCR procedure, however, was more costly to the healthcare system.
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| 45. |
- Jia, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Parathyroid Hormone Variability in Dialysis Patients
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Nephrology. - : Karger. - 0250-8095 .- 1421-9670. ; 37:5, s. 462-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Treatment strategies for abnormal mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease are largely based on achieving target ranges of biomarkers that vary considerably over time, yet determinants of their variability are poorly defined. Methods: Observational study including 162 patients of three dialysis cohorts (peritoneal dialysis, n = 78; hemodialysis, n = 49; hemodiafiltration, n = 35). Clinical and biochemical determinants of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) variability were analyzed in the peritoneal dialysis cohort. All cohorts were used for comparison of PTH and FGF23 intra-subject variability (intra-class correlation), and their intra-subject variability in different modes of dialysis was explored. Results: High PTH variability was independently associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and factors of lipid and glucose metabolism, whereas high FGF23 variability was mainly associated with lower baseline serum phosphorous. These results were consistent in multivariate and sensitivity analyses. The intra-subject variability of FGF23 was lower than for PTH irrespective of dialysis mode. Conclusions: Baseline vitamin D status and serum phosphorous are independent determinants of the longitudinal variation in PTH and FGF23, respectively. The clinical utility of FGF23 measurement remains unknown, yet it appears favorable based on its greater temporal stability than PTH in dialysis patients.
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| 46. |
- Jia, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Kidney function, β-cell function and glucose tolerance in older men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 100:2, s. 587-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Kidney dysfunction induces insulin resistance, but it is unknown if β cell function is affected.Objective: To investigate insulin release (β cell function) and glucose tolerance following a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) across kidney function strata.Setting and Design: Community-based cohort study from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM).Participants and Main Outcome Measure: Included were 1015 non-diabetic Swedish men aged 70-71 years. All participants underwent OGTT and euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (HEGC) tests, allowing determination of insulin sensitivity, β cell function and glucose tolerance. Kidney function was estimated by cystatin C-algorithms. Mixed models were used to identify determinants of insulin secretion after the hyperglycemic load.Results: As many as 466 (46%) of participants presented moderate-advanced kidney disease. Insulin sensitivity (by HEGC) decreased across decreasing kidney function quartiles. After the OGTT challenge, however, β cell function indices (area under the curve for insulin release, the estimated first phase insulin release and the insulinogenic index) were incrementally higher. Neither the oral disposition index nor ths 2-hour post-load glucose tolerance differed across kidney function strata. Mixed models showed that dynamic insulin release during the OGTT was inversely associated to kidney function despite correction for each individual's insulin sensitivity or its risk factors.Conclusions: In older men, β cell function after a hyperglycemic load appropriately compensated the loss in insulin sensitivity that accompanies kidney dysfunction. As a result, the net balance between insulin sensitivity and β cell function was preserved.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Zlatan som monument och tidsspegel
- 2020
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Ingår i: Människor, mening och motstånd : en vänbok till professor Mats Greiff - en vänbok till professor Mats Greiff. - 9789178771134 ; 24, s. 366-390
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att förstå en aktuell monumentstrid. Zlatan som monument. Historiebruk
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| 50. |
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