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Sökning: WFRF:(Lindkvist Christina)

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2.
  • Jakszyn, Paula 01, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary intake of heme iron and risk of gastric cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 130:11, s. 2654-2663
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Even though recent studies suggest that a high intake of heme iron is associated with several types of cancer, epidemiological studies in relation to gastric cancer (GC) are lacking. Our previous results show a positive association between red and processed meat and non cardia gastric cancer, especially in Helicobacter pylori infected subjects. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between heme iron intake and GC risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EURGAST-EPIC). Dietary intake was assessed by validated center-specific questionnaires. Heme iron was calculated as a type-specific percentage of the total iron content in meat intake, derived from the literature. Antibodies of H. pylori infection and vitamin C levels were measured in a sub-sample of cases and matched controls included in a nested case-control study within the cohort. The study included 481,419 individuals and 444 incident cases of GC that occurred during an average of 8.7 years of followup. We observed a statistically significant association between heme iron intake and GC risk (HR 1.13 95% CI: 1.011.26 for a doubling of intake) adjusted by sex, age, BMI, education level, tobacco smoking and energy intake. The positive association between heme iron and the risk of GC was statistically significant in subjects with plasma vitamin C <39 mmol/l only (log2 HR 1.54 95% CI (1.012.35). We found a positive association between heme iron intake and gastric cancer risk.
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3.
  • Leenders, Max, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma cotinine levels and pancreatic cancer in the EPIC cohort study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:4, s. 997-1002
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, previously investigated by the means of questionnaires. Using cotinine as a biomarker for tobacco exposure allows more accurate quantitative analyses to be performed. This study on pancreatic cancer, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC cohort), included 146 cases and 146 matched controls. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, plasma cotinine levels were analyzed on average 8.0 years before cancer onset (595% range: 2.812.0 years). The relation between plasma cotinine levels and pancreatic cancer was analyzed with conditional logistic regression for different levels of cotinine in a population of never and current smokers. This was also done for the self-reported number of smoked cigarettes per day at baseline. Every increase of 350 nmol/L of plasma cotinine was found to significantly elevate risk of pancreatic cancer [odds ratio (OR): 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.111.60]. People with a cotinine level over 1187.8 nmol/L, a level comparable to smoking 17 cigarettes per day, have an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer, compared to people with cotinine levels below 55 nmol/L (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.449.26). The results for self-reported smoking at baseline also show an increased risk of pancreatic cancer from cigarette smoking based on questionnaire information. People who smoke more than 30 cigarettes per day showed the highest risk compared to never smokers (OR: 4.15, 95% CI: 1.0216.42). This study is the first to show that plasma cotinine levels are strongly related to pancreatic cancer.
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4.
  • Schlesinger, Sabrina, et al. (författare)
  • Abdominal obesity, weight gain during adulthood and risk of liver and biliary tract cancer in a European cohort
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 132:3, s. 645-57
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • General obesity has been positively associated with risk of liver and probably with biliary tract cancer, but little is known about abdominal obesity or weight gain during adulthood. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to investigate associations between weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), weight change during adulthood and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic (IBDC) and extrahepatic bile duct system cancer [EBDSC including gallbladder cancer (GBC)] among 359,525 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Hepatitis B and C virus status was measured in a nested casecontrol subset. During a mean follow-up of 8.6 years, 177 cases of HCC, 58 cases of IBDC and 210 cases of EBDSC, including 76 cases of GBC, occurred. All anthropometric measures were positively associated with risk of HCC and GBC. WHtR showed the strongest association with HCC [relative risk (RR) comparing extreme tertiles 3.51, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.095.87; ptrend < 0.0001] and with GBC (RR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.122.16 for an increment of one unit in WHtR). Weight gain during adulthood was also positively associated with HCC when comparing extreme tertiles (RR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.494.13; <0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between obesity and risk of IBDC and EBDSC. Our results provide evidence of an association between obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and risk of HCC and GBC. Our findings support public health recommendations to reduce the prevalence of obesity and weight gain in adulthood for HCC and GBC prevention in Western populations.
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5.
  • Serafini, Mauro, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary total antioxidant capacity and gastric cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:4, s. 544-554
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A high intake of dietary antioxidant compounds has been hypothesized to be an appropriate strategy to reduce gastric cancer (GC) development. We investigated the effect of dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in relation to GC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study including 23 centers in 10 European countries. A total of 521,457 subjects (153,447 men) aged mostly 3570 years old, were recruited largely between 1992 and 1998. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), measuring reducing and chain-breaking antioxidant capacity were used to measure dietary TAC from plant foods. Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with a reduction in the risk of GC for both FRAP (adjusted HR 0.66; 95%CI (0.460.95) and TRAP (adjusted HR 0.61; 95%CI (0.430.87) (highest vs. lowest quintile). The association was observed for both cardia and noncardia cancers. A clear effect was observed in smokers with a significant reduction in GC risk for the fifth quintile of intake for both assays (highest vs. lowest quintile: adjusted HR 0.41; 95%CI (0.220.76) p for trend <0.001 for FRAP; adjusted HR 0.52; 95%CI (0.280.97) p for trend <0.001 for TRAP) but not in nonsmokers. In former smokers, the association with FRAP intake was statistically significant (highest vs. lowest quintile: adjusted HR 0.4; 95%CI (0.210.75) p < 0.05); no association was observed for TRAP. Dietary antioxidant capacity intake from different sources of plant foods is associated with a reduction in the risk of GC.
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6.
  • Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al. (författare)
  • Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and risk of liver and bilary tract cancer
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Hepatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0270-9139 .- 1527-3350. ; 60:3, s. 858-871
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity and associated metabolic disorders have been implicated in liver carcinogenesis; however there is little data on the role of obesity-related biomarkers on liver cancer risk. We studied prospectively the association of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers with risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intra-hepatic bile duct (IBD) and gallbladder and bilary tract cancers outside of the liver (GBTC) in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Over an average of 7.7 years, 296 participants developed HCC (n=125), GBTC (n=137) or IBD (n=34). Using risk set sampling, controls were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for recruitment center, age, sex, fasting status, time of blood collection. Baseline serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-peptide, total, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, fetuin-a, and glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH) were measured and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI-s) estimated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for lifestyle factors, diabetes, hepatitis infection and adiposity measures, higher concentrations of CRP, IL-6, C-peptide and non-HMW adiponectin were associated with higher risk of HCC (IRR per doubling of concentrations = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.02-1.46, P=0.03; 1.90; 95%CI = 1.30-2.77, P=0.001; 2.25; 95%CI = 1.43-3.54, P=0.0005 and 2.09; 95%CI = 1.19-3.67, P=0.01, respectively). CRP was associated also with risk of GBTC (IRR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.05-1.42, P=0.01). GLDH was associated with risks of HCC (IRR = 1.62; 95%CI = 1.25-2.11, P=0.0003) and IBD (IRR = 10.5; 95%CI = 2.20-50.90, P=0.003). The continuous net reclassification index was 0.63 for CRP, IL-6, C-peptide and non-HMW adiponectin, and 0.46 for GLDH indicating good predictive ability of these biomarkers. Conclusion: Elevated levels of biomarkers of inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are associated with a higher risk of HCC, independent of obesity and established liver cancer risk factors.
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7.
  • Ashworth, Eleanor K., et al. (författare)
  • Cryogenic Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Ionic Fluorones in Gaseous and Condensed Phases : New Light on Their Intrinsic Photophysics
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 126:51, s. 9553-9563
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fluorescence spectroscopy of gas-phase ions generated through electrospray ionization is an emerging technique able to probe intrinsic molecular photophysics directly without perturbations from solvent interactions. While there is ample scope for the ongoing development of gas-phase fluorescence techniques, the recent expansion into low-temperature operating conditions accesses a wealth of data on intrinsic fluorophore photophysics, offering enhanced spectral resolution compared with room-temperature measurements, without matrix effects hindering the excited-state dynamics. This perspective reviews current progress on understanding the photophysics of anionic fluorone dyes, which exhibit an unusually large Stokes shift in the gas phase, and discusses how comparison of gas- and condensed-phase fluorescence spectra can fingerprint structural dynamics. The capacity for temperature-dependent measurements of both fluorescence emission and excitation spectra helps establish the foundation for the use of fluorone dyes as fluorescent tags in macromolecular structure determination. We suggest ideas for technique development. 
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8.
  • Bamia, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Coffee, tea and decaffeinated coffee in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population: Multicentre, prospective cohort study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 136, s. 1899-1908
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2014 UICC. Inverse associations of coffee and/or tea in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been consistently identified in studies conducted mostly in Asia where consumption patterns of such beverages differ from Europe. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), we identified 201 HCC cases among 486,799 men/women, after a median follow-up of 11 years. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence in relation to quintiles/categories of coffee/tea intakes. We found that increased coffee and tea intakes were consistently associated with lower HCC risk. The inverse associations were substantial, monotonic and statistically significant. Coffee consumers in the highest compared to the lowest quintile had lower HCC risk by 72% [HR: 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.16-0.50, p-trend < 0.001]. The corresponding association of tea with HCC risk was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.22-0.78, p-trend50.003). There was no compelling evidence of heterogeneity of these associations across strata of important HCC risk factors, including hepatitis B or hepatitis C status (available in a nested case-control study). The inverse, monotonic associations of coffee intake with HCC were apparent for caffeinated (p-trend50.009), but not decaffeinated (p-trend50.45) coffee for which, however, data were available for a fraction of subjects. Results from this multicentre, European cohort study strengthen the existing evidence regarding the inverse association between coffee/tea and HCC risk. Given the apparent lack of heterogeneity of these associations by HCC risk factors and that coffee/tea are universal exposures, our results could have important implications for high HCC risk subjects.
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9.
  • Berg, Jessica, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Hur kan kollektivtrafiken bidra tilltillgänglighet och social rättvisa? : En studie av mobilitetsstrategier i socialt utsatta områden
  • 2019
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här rapporten bygger på en studie av mobilitetsstrategier hos personer i stadsdelarna Angered, Hammarkullen och Lövgärdet i Göteborg samt områdena Hallunda/Norsborg, Alby och Fittja i norra delarna av Botkyrka kommun utanför Stockholm. Det är urbana områden som anses vara socialt utsatta och som bland annat känneteckas av låg socioekonomisk status och kriminell inverkan. De som bor där reser mindre och äger bil i mindre utsträckning än personer som bor i andra urbana områden. Syftet med studien var dels att studera mobilitets strategier hos människor som bor, arbetar eller har aktiviteter i de studerade områdena, med ett särskilt fokus på hur kollektivtrafiken upplevs, används och kan tillgodose mobilitetsbehov, dels att tillhandahålla planeringsunderlag för att kollektivtrafiken i svenska städer ska kunna bidra till tillgänglighet och ett socialt rättvist transportsystem.Studiens viktigaste slutsatser är följande:Låg inkomst, låg utbildning och bristande kunskaper i det svenska språket är faktorer som hör ihop med socialt utsatta områdens karaktär och som gör det svårt att ta körkort,skaffa bil eller flytta närmare jobb och skola. En väl fungerade kollektivtrafik är därför en viktig resurs för delaktighet och integrering i samhället.För resenärer med begränsade ekonomiska resurser kan både enkel- och månadsbiljetter i kollektivtrafiken vara dyra att köpa.För de som arbetar kvällar, nätter och helger, och för de som arbetar på avsides belägna arbetsplatser, kan pendling med kollektivtrafiken utgöra en utmaning.Förutom avstånd till kollektivtrafiken är faktorer som geografi, topografi, väder, väglag,mörker och ljus, upplevd trygghet och parkeringsmöjligheter för cykel och bil avgörande för hur tillgänglig kollektivtrafiken är.Kollektivt resande betraktas av många som mindre attraktivt än att resa med bil och det tycks finnas en utbredd skjutskultur i de områden som den här studien behandlar.En dokumentanalys visar att regionala styrdokument som reglerar kollektivtrafikplaneringen fokuserar på yrkesarbetandes pendling, studenters pendling och på att uppfylla funktionsnedsatta resenärers behov.
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10.
  • Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala, et al. (författare)
  • Intake of Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, or Tea Does Not Affect Risk for Pancreatic Cancer : Results From the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer Study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 11:11, s. 1486-1492
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few modifiable risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. There is little evidence for the effects of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea intake on risk of pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association of total coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption with risk of pancreatic cancer.METHODS: This study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, comprising male and female participants from 10 European countries. Between 1992 and 2000, there were 477,312 participants without cancer who completed a dietary questionnaire, and were followed up to determine pancreatic cancer incidence. Coffee and tea intake was calibrated with a 24-hour dietary recall. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using multivariable Cox regression.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 11.6 y, 865 first incidences of pancreatic cancers were reported. When divided into fourths, neither total intake of coffee (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.27; high vs low intake), decaffeinated coffee (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76-1.63; high vs low intake), nor tea were associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95-1.56; high vs low intake). Moderately low intake of caffeinated coffee was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.74), compared with low intake. However, no graded dose response was observed, and the association attenuated after restriction to histologically confirmed pancreatic cancers.CONCLUSIONS: Based on an analysis of data from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, total coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption are not related to the risk of pancreatic cancer.
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11.
  • Björk, Sabine, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the prevalence and variance of cognitive impairment, pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms and ADL dependency among persons living in nursing homes : a cross-sectional study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Earlier studies in nursing homes show a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), pain, and neuropsychiatric symptoms among residents. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of the above among residents in a nationally representative sample of Swedish nursing homes, and to investigate whether pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms differ in relation to gender, cognitive function, ADL-capacity, type of nursing-home unit and length of stay. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 188 randomly selected nursing homes were collected. A total of 4831 residents were assessed for cognitive and ADL function, pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. Results: The results show the following: the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 67 %, 56 % of residents were ADL-dependent, 48 % exhibited pain and 92 % exhibited neuropsychiatric symptoms. The prevalence of pain did not differ significantly between male and female residents, but pain was more prevalent among cognitively impaired and ADL-dependent residents. Pain prevalence was not significantly different between residents in special care units for people with dementia (SCU) and general units, or between shorter-and longer-stay residents. Furthermore, the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms did not differ significantly between male and female residents, between ADL capacities or in relation to length of stay. However, residents with cognitive impairment and residents in SCUs had a significantly higher prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms than residents without cognitive impairment and residents in general units. Conclusions: The prevalence rates ascertained in this study could contribute to a greater understanding of the needs of nursing-home residents, and may provide nursing home staff and managers with trustworthy assessment scales and benchmark values for further quality assessment purposes, clinical development work and initiating future nursing assessments.
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12.
  • Björk, Sabine, et al. (författare)
  • Residents' engagement in everyday activities and its association with thriving in nursing homes
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 73:8, s. 1884-1895
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To describe the prevalence of everyday activity engagement for older people in nursing homes and the extent to which engagement in everyday activities is associated with thriving.Background: Research into residents’ engagement in everyday activities in nursing homes has focused primarily on associations with quality of life and prevention and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, the mere absence of symptoms does not necessarily guarantee experiences of well-being. The concept of thriving encapsulates and explores experiences of well-being in relation to the place where a person lives.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Method: A national survey of 172 Swedish nursing homes (2013–2014). Resident (n = 4831) symptoms, activities and thriving were assessed by staff using a study survey based on established questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple linear regression, and linear stepwise multiple regression were performed.Results: The most commonly occurring everyday activities were receiving hugs and physical touch, talking to relatives/friends and receiving visitors, having conversation with staff not related to care and grooming. The least commonly occurring everyday activities were going to the cinema, participating in an educational program, visiting a restaurant and doing everyday chores. Positive associations were found between activity engagement and thriving, where engagement in an activity program, dressing nicely and spending time with someone the resident likes had the strongest positive association with resident thriving.Conclusions: Engagement in everyday activities can support personhood and thriving and can be conceptualized and implemented as nursing interventions to enable residents to thrive in nursing homes.
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13.
  • Duell, Eric J, et al. (författare)
  • Menstrual and reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and gastric cancer risk in a cohort of women from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 172:12, s. 1384-1393
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The worldwide incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is lower in women than in men. Furthermore, cancer patients treated with estrogens have been reported to have a lower subsequent risk of GC. The authors conducted a prospective analysis of menstrual and reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and GC in 335,216 women from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, a cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years from 10 European countries. After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years (through 2004), 181 women for whom complete exposure data were available developed GC. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Women who had ovariectomy had a 79% increased risk of GC (based on 25 cases) compared with women who did not (hazard ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 2.78). Total cumulative years of menstrual cycling was inversely associated with GC risk (fifth vs. first quintile: hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.98; P(trend) = 0.06). No other reproductive factors analyzed were associated with risk of GC. The results of this analysis provide some support for the hypothesis that endogenous ovarian sex hormones lower GC incidence in women.
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14.
  • Eriksson, Linnea, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • A climate report gone missing : power mechanisms in Swedish national transport planning
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Routledge. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 32:6, s. 1423-1441
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While the technological development of vehicles and fuels is not adequate to meet current climate mitigation targets, infrastructure development also plays an important role in transforming the transport system. Previous studies have argued that conventional infrastructure planning is incapable of implementing climate mitigation. The aim of the paper is to provide insights into power means and mechanisms that counteract integration of climate mitigation targets in infrastructure planning. This is done by an in-depth case study of current Swedish national transport planning. This case provides a rich illustration of a situation with high political ambitions regarding climate mitigation on the one hand, and power mechanisms and resistance with regard to climate goals during the planning process on the other. The case is analysed using the perspective of power circuits and shows how forecasting works as an obligatory passage point, sorting in and out which analyses will be part of the decision-making material. Analyses which do not fit the forecasting model are dismissed from planning. The conclusion is that as long as the transport infrastructure planning practice is dependent on forecasting as the only central analysis there will be difficulties in changing the scope of infrastructure planning and making climate goals central for transport planning. 
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15.
  • Forssell, Rebecka, et al. (författare)
  • Ambitiösa visioner - vaga må : att omsätta jämställdhetspolitik till praktik i vardagen
  • 2013
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Rapporten är slutdokumentationen av ett tvåårigt följeforskningsprojekt där forskarna följt Malmö stads implementering av Utvecklingsplan för jämställdhetsintegrering i Malmö stad. Följeforskningen bygger på programteoretisk ansats där relationerna mellan mål, medel och resurser stått i fokus för analyserna. De första två åren har i huvudsak använts för att skapa kunskap om planen inom organisationen och uppmuntra förvaltningar och verksamheter att påbörja arbetet med att jämställdhetsintegrera verksamheten. Konkret innebär det att kartlägga verksamheten utifrån ett jämställdhetsperspektiv och göra jämställdhetsanalyser. Slutsatserna visar att det finns en ökad medvetenhet om planen, att kartläggningar genomförs och att verksamheterna börjat genomföra analyser. Problemen som följeforskningen pekar på är att målsättningarna i Utvecklingsplanen är vagt formulerade. Detta medför möjligheter för verksamheterna att formulera relevanta mål men innebär också att de är svåra att följa upp. Ett annat problem är att utrymmet för tolkningarna av vad som kan betraktas som ett tillräckligt framgångsrikt implementeringsarbete blir stort. I verksamheter där det finns ett tydligt ledarskap och engagerade medarbetare innebär Utvecklingsplanen att ett genomgripande arbete kan påbörjas med stöd av planen. I andra verksamheter där ledarskapet inte är lika tydligt engagemanget inte lika stort passerar ändå verksamheterna godkänt just genom de vaga målformuleringarna. Här behövs tydligare mål och riktlinjer för att utvecklingsplanen ska få genomslag.
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16.
  • Gospodinov, Dragomir, et al. (författare)
  • On the applicability of the RETAS model for forecasting aftershock probability in underground mines (Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Seismology. - : Springer. - 1383-4649 .- 1573-157X. ; 26:5, s. 1023-1037
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aftershock series of even comparatively small seismic events can pose a risk to the mining operation or the personnel in deep underground mines as the main shocks and some of the aftershocks can cause damage in the rock mass. Stochastic modeling was applied in this study for the analysis of the temporal evolution of aftershock occurrence probability during a M1.85 aftershock sequence in Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden. The Restricted Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (RETAS) model was chosen for estimation of the aftershock occurrence probability. This model considers all events with magnitude above the magnitude of completeness M0 and has the advantage of including the Modified Omori Formula (MOF) model and Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model as its end versions, considering also all intermediate models. The model was applied sequentially to data samples covering cumulative periods of time, starting from the first 2 h after the main event and increasing them by 2 h until the period covered the entire 72-h sequence. For each sample, the best-fit RETAS version was identified and the probability of a M ≥ 0.5 aftershock for every next 2 h was determined through Monte Carlo simulation. The feasibility of the resulting probability evolution for suspension and re-starting of the mining operations was discussed together with possible prospects for future development of the methodology.
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17.
  • Hamidi, Zahra (författare)
  • Examining Inequalities in Cycling Motility : A Pathway Towards Cycling Justice
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Realizing the environmental and social benefits of cycling requires effective policies that deliver increased and inclusive cycling. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of such policies by providing insights into what could make cycling achievable for more diverse social groups through engaging with theoretical perspectives from transport geography, the mobilities paradigm and social justice. In doing so the thesis examines the various elements that constitute an individual’s potential to use a bicycle and the connected inequalities.The thesis employs conceptions of accessibility and motility in combination with measures of inequality to examine the socio-spatial inequalities in cycling potentials. The first paper designs a new composite indicator based on Theil’s index of inequality and accessibility measures to study inequalities in bike-and-ride opportunities in Malmö. The second paper develops a quantitative operationalization of cycling motility by applying GIS-based and statistical analyses to empirical data collected using a survey study. Specifically, cycling motility is operationalized along three dimensions of access, competence, and appropriation. This is done by measuring cycling-related material and nonmaterial, as well as objective and subjective factors related to individuals and their social, cultural, and geographical environment.The subsequent papers put the concept of cycling motility in practice. The third paper builds on the approach developed in the second paper and examines inequalities in the cycling motility across different social groups from the three-dimensional justice lens of Nancy Fraser. Finally, the fourth paper provides insights into the relationships between individuals’ cycling motility and their realized mobility. The empirical findings highlight that such relationships vary across three urban contexts of Malmö, Gothenburg, and Beijing. Overall, the findings support that the operationalization of cycling motility is useful for studying individuals’ cycling potentials and capturing the connected between-individual differences, thereby helpful for development of policies that could realize the social and environmental potentials of cycling.
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18.
  • Henriksson, Malin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Questioning mobility ideals - the value of proximity for residents in socially deprived urban areas in Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Mobilities. - : Routledge. - 1745-0101 .- 1745-011X. ; 16:5, s. 792-808
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite discourses of contemporary high-mobility, a life characterised by high mobility is in sharp contrast to many people's experiences and personal preferences. Previous research has shown that mobility and transport opportunities are unevenly distributed in society. The paper explores how young unemployed people and low-skilled care workers in two Swedish urban municipalities prefer to travel less and stay local rather than undergoing time-consuming and expensive public transport trips. The results show that various temporal and spatial restrictions are significant regarding the extent to which public transport can cater for mobility needs, and that transport opportunities are part of an individual's opportunity to be socially included. The results indicate that other policy areas, such as the labour market policy and the public health policy, are equally important for social inclusion.
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19.
  • Huang, Jiaqi, et al. (författare)
  • Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic corpus atrophic gastritis and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort : A nested case-control study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 140:8, s. 1727-1735
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk remains controversial. We conducted a nested case-control study with 448 pancreatic cancer cases and their individually matched control subjects, based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, to determine whether there was an altered pancreatic cancer risk associated with H. pylori infection and chronic corpus atrophic gastritis. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for matching factors and other potential confounders. Our results showed that pancreatic cancer risk was neither associated with H. pylori seropositivity (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.31) nor CagA seropositivity (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.48). We also did not find any excess risk among individuals seropositive for H. pylori but seronegative for CagA, compared with the group seronegative for both antibodies (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.38). However, we found that chronic corpus atrophic gastritis was non-significantly associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.77, 2.37), and although based on small numbers, the excess risk was particularly marked among individuals seronegative for both H. pylori and CagA (OR = 5.66; 95% CI: 1.59, 20.19, p value for interaction < 0.01). Our findings provided evidence supporting the null association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk in western European populations. However, the suggested association between chronic corpus atrophic gastritis and pancreatic cancer risk warrants independent verification in future studies, and, if confirmed, further studies on the underlying mechanisms.
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20.
  • Håkansson, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • McJobs : Stress related symptoms among men and women in the high-touch sector
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Book of Abstracts and Programme. ; , s. 105-105
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper investigates differences in stress related symptoms among men and women in the high-touch sector. The new high-touch sector has been defined as low skilled, generic, and customer oriented jobs in, for example, restaurants, hotels and trade. In the high-touch sector influence over work is eroded by uncertainty and insecure employment conditions. There is reason to believe that people with insecure conditions might be more vulnerable for stress related symptoms. Also, the young, and specifically young women, are overrepresented in this sector. We know from earlier research that women more often report stress related symptoms than men. This study confirms these results. In this study the probability for women is 50% higher to be hit by stress related symptoms than for men. Also education shows a significant result. The highly educated has 50 percent lower probability than the low educated to be hit by stress related symptoms. However, high-touch occupations show no significant difference from other occupations when it comes to stress.
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21.
  • Integrating Gender into Transport Planning : From One to Many Tracks
  • 2019. - 1
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This edited collection brings together feminist research on transport and planning from different epistemologies, with the intention to contribute to a more holistic transport planning practice. With a feminist perspective on transport policy and planning, the volume insists on the political character of transport planning and policy, and challenges gender-blindness in a policy area that impacts the everyday lives of women, men, girls, and boys. The chapters discuss everyday mobility as an embodied and situated activity in both conceptual and theoretical ways and suggest practical tools for change. The contributions of this collection are threefold: integrating gender research and transport planning, combining quantitative and qualitative gender research perspectives and methods, and highlighting the need to acknowledge the politicization of transport planning and transport practice.
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22.
  • Joelsson, Tanja, Senior Lecturer, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • The political in transportation and mobility : Toward a feminist analysis of everyday mobility and transport planning
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning<em></em>. - Basingstoke & New York : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050429 - 9783030050412 ; , s. 1-22
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Transport and mobility are integrated everyday activities in people’s lives. Transport research and planning has been characterized by utilitarian, rationalistic and quantitative epistemologies. Also, for long time transport planning research has been gender coded as masculine. In this collection we show the importance of combining methodologies and that ‘numbers’ is useful when addressing issues of power and gender equality but also that qualitative and critical epistemologies bring important and necessary knowledge to the transport planning research field. This collection is a contribution to the research field of transport planning, representing a plurality of epistemologies – but with one important common denominator: transport planning as inheritably political practice and that transport planning research has to acknowledge the diversity of social positions when planning for equity and accessibility.      
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23.
  • Joelsson, Tanja, Senior Lecturer, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Toward a feminist transport and mobility future : from one to many tracks
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning<em> </em>. - Basingstoke & New York : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050429
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In most countries, transport is considered as the backbone of economic development and growth. The neoliberal discourse on growth, advocating market-oriented planning and decision making, influence transport planning and policy. Transport planning and policy making are political arenas where power relations, different interests and redistribution of resources are played out albeit these processes are seldom acknowledged and recognized. Women’s and men’s different mobilities have revealed the gendered conditions of everyday life, and new perspectives on transport have developed based on critical and feminist epistemologies. The concluding chapter of the collection furthers the debate by discussing these matters in relation to social inequality in transportation and mobility justice. It is in the tensions and public arguments revolving around transport planning investments that questions of justice and fairness in relation to power relations between different socio-economic groups, men and women, girls and boys, and corporate interests can be discussed and transformed. The way forward is to integrate the different conditions for different people depending on gender, age, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, geographical location etc into transport planning. The transition toward more sustainable and gender equal transport systems is foremost a structural question. By stressing on the politicalness of transport policy and planning, we are countering individualistic paradigms where the responsibility of sustainability and equality is placed solely on the individual’s practices. This is also what the title alludes to; the ambition to move from one track to many tracks.
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24.
  • Joelsson, Tanja, et al. (författare)
  • Towards a Feminist Transport and Mobility Future : From One to Many Tracks
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050412 - 9783030050429 ; , s. 271-282
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This edited collection brings together feminist research on transport and planning from different epistemologies, with the intention to contribute to a more holistic transport planning practice. With a feminist perspective on transport policy and planning, the volume insists on the political character of transport planning and policy, and challenges gender-blindness in a policy area that impacts the everyday lives of women, men, girls, and boys. The chapters discuss everyday mobility as an embodied and situated activity in both conceptual and theoretical ways and suggest practical tools for change. The contributions of this collection are threefold: integrating gender research and transport planning, combining quantitative and qualitative gender research perspectives and methods, and highlighting the need to acknowledge the politicization of transport planning and transport practice. 
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25.
  • Jönsson, Li, et al. (författare)
  • Grief and Hope in Transition : An orienteering guide
  • 2023
  • Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • In the project Grief and Hope in Transition, our approach to transition has been one of reorientation, a departure from the belief in new technologies as the solution to all kinds of problems, an attempt at deviation from modernity’s familiar territories and road maps. Together with people living in different rural areas in Sweden’s southern most landscape Scania, we formed a study group in future orienteering.This book is an outcome of the collaborative work done to explore how to transition into becoming fossil-free and how to let go of optimism that places agency elsewhere (such as in others' roadmaps and tech-fixes). It describes how we through designerly ways have addressed the challenge of how to restore a sense of attachments and commitment to the unfolding of the future.
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26.
  • Kjær, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • A new setup for low-temperature gas-phase ion fluorescence spectroscopy
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 92:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here, we present a new instrument named LUNA2 (LUminescence iNstrument in Aarhus 2), which is purpose-built to measure dispersed fluorescence spectra of gaseous ions produced by electrospray ionization and cooled to low temperatures (<100 K). LUNA2 is, as an earlier room-temperature setup (LUNA), optimized for a high collection efficiency of photons and includes improvements based on our operational experience with LUNA. The fluorescence cell is a cylindrical Paul trap made of copper with a hole in the ring electrode to permit laser light to interact with the trapped ions, and one end-cap electrode is a mesh grid combined with an aspheric condenser lens. The entrance and exit electrodes are both in physical contact with the liquid-nitrogen cooling unit to reduce cooling times. Mass selection is done in a two-step scheme where, first, high-mass ions are ejected followed by low-mass ions according to the Mathieu stability region. This scheme may provide a higher mass resolution than when only one DC voltage is used. Ions are irradiated by visible light delivered from a nanosecond 20-Hz pulsed laser, and dispersed fluorescence is measured with a spectrometer combined with an iCCD camera that allows intensification of the signal for a short time interval. LUNA2 contains an additional Paul trap that can be used for mass selection before ions enter the fluorescence cell, which potentially is relevant to diminishing RF heating in the cold trap. Successful operation of the setup is demonstrated from experiments with rhodamine dyes and oxazine-4, and spectral changes with temperature are identified.
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27.
  • Kollektiva resor : utmaningar för socialt hållbar tillgänglighet
  • 2020
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Det saknas idag kunskap om hur människor med olika bakgrund och förutsättningar använder kollektivtrafiken och vad resandet betyder i deras liv. Kan funktionshindrade nå tågets plattform på ett säkert sätt, ungdomar i förorten utan krångel ta sig till skola och fritidssysselsättningar, äldre känna sig säkra vid busshållplatsen, nyinflyttade navigera i en främmande trafikmiljö? Att alla medborgare skall ha tillgång till transporter anpassade efter behov är en grundläggande demokratisk tanke – men de som planerar och tar beslut om kollektivtrafiken är ofta okunniga om resenärernas vardagliga villkor, upplevelser och önskemål. Den här antologin ger ökad kunskap om hur människor från olika sociala grupper och sammanhang reser med kollektiva transportmedel i Sverige. Vi undersöker resmönster, problem resenärerna stöter på när de reser och förväntningar de har på sitt resande. Boken ger många nya insikter som kan användas i planeringen för en socialt hållbar tillgänglighet i kollektivtrafiken. I boken medverkar forskare från en rad olika ämnen som kulturgeografi, transportforskning, socialt arbete, etnologi och urbana studier. Redaktörer är Malin Henriksson, forskare vid VTI, Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut och Christina Lindkvist, forskare vid Malmö universitet, båda är knutna till K2, Nationellt kunskapscentrum för kollektivtrafik
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28.
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29.
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30.
  • Lukanova, Annekatrin, et al. (författare)
  • Pre-diagnostic plasma testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, IGF-I and hepatocellular carcinoma : etiological factors or risk markers?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 134:1, s. 164-173
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Elevated pre-diagnostic testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations have been proposed to increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the metabolism of these hormones is altered as a consequence of liver damage and they may have clinical utility as HCC risk markers. A case-control study was nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort and included 125 incident HCC cases and 247 individually matched controls. Testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF-I were analyzed by immunoassays. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) was calculated to assess HCC predictive ability of the tested models. After adjustments for epidemiological variables (body mass index, smoking, ethanol intake, hepatitis and diabetes) and liver damage (a score based on albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations), only SHBG remained significantly associated with risk (OR for top versus bottom tertile of 3.86 (1.32-11.3), ptrend =0.009). As a single factor SHBG had an AUC of 0.81 (0.75-0.86). A small, but significant increase in AUC was observed when SHBG was added to a model including the liver damage score and epidemiological variables (from 0.89 to 0.91, p=0.02) and a net reclassification of 0.47% (0.45-0.48). The observed associations of HCC with pre-diagnostic SHBG, free testosterone and IGF-I concentrations are in directions opposite to that expected under the etiological hypotheses. SHBG has a potential to be tested as pre-diagnostic risk marker for HCC.
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31.
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32.
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33.
  • Nilsson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between workplace affiliation and phlebotomy practices regarding patient identification and test request handling practices in primary healthcare centres : a multilevel model approach
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Clinical practice guidelines aim to enhance patient safety by reducing inappropriate variations in practice. Despite considerable efforts to enhance the use of clinical practice guidelines, adherence is often suboptimal. We investigated to what extent workplace affiliation explains variation of self-reported adherence to venous blood specimen collection regarding patient identification and test request handling practices, taking into consideration other primary healthcare centre and individual phlebotomist characteristics. Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 164 phlebotomy staff from 25 primary healthcare centres in northern Sweden. To prevent the impact of a large-scale education intervention in 2008, only baseline data, collected over a 3-month period in 2006-2007, were used and subjected to descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic analyses. Results: In two patient identification outcomes, stable high median odds ratios (MOR) were found in both the empty model, and in the adjusted full model including both individual and workplace factors. Our findings suggest that variances among phlebotomy staff can be largely explained by primary healthcare centre affiliation also when individual and workplace demographic characteristics were taken in consideration. Analyses showed phlebotomy staff at medium and large primary healthcare centres to be more likely to adhere to guidelines than staff at small centres. Furthermore, staff employed shorter time at worksite to be more likely to adhere than staff employed longer. Finally, staff performing phlebotomy every week or less were more likely to adhere than staff performing phlebotomy on a daily basis. Conclusion: Workplace affiliation largely explains variances in self-reported adherence to venous blood specimen collection guidelines for patient identification and test request handling practices among phlebotomy staff. Characteristics of the workplace, as well as of the individual phlebotomist, need to be identified in order to design strategies to improve clinical practice in this and other areas.
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34.
  • Oldbury, Kelsey, 1991- (författare)
  • Public transport meets smart mobility : Roles and relationships shaping driverless shuttles and MaaS
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This licentiate thesis investigates the development of two aspects of smart mobility, driverless shuttles and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in relation to public transport. Smart mobility has emerged as a term to describe and label a group of changes unfolding in the transport sector, such as the role out of automated vehicles, electrification, the spread of platforms and new types of shared services,as well as new concepts to integrate multiple forms of mobility, often referred toas Mobility as a Service (or MaaS). The aim of this thesis is to provide insights into the governance of smart mobility, and more specifically the ways in which public transport governance and planning is shaped or reshaped by these processes. I explore how pilot projects for MaaS and driverless shuttles are being implemented in a specific case in Barkarbystaden, in Järfälla municipality in the greater Stockholm region. Barkarbystaden is a site of large scale infrastructural and urban development. This broader development has influenced the emergence of a collaboration between the local municipality of Järfälla, Stockholm’s regional public transport authority (RPTA), and the private bus operator Nobina Sweden. The collaboration is based on developing public transport in tandem with new technologies and services. As part of this collaboration two pilot projects were launched, one for driverless shuttles as partof public transport, and one for MaaS. In this thesis I draw on the concept of the governance assemblage to explore the formation of the collaboration, and translation to discuss the framing and introduction of both driverless shuttles and MaaS. I specifically ask which roles, responsibilities, and links between the organisations involved and smart mobility shape and characterise the collaboration, as well as how relations take shape around MaaS and driverless shuttles. This case shows how the backdrop of urban and infrastructure development in Barkarbystaden plays a key role in shaping these developments and highlights the influence of existing roles and relationships within public transport planning. In this study the introduction of smart mobility is characterised by the relationship between the operator and RPTA. The way in which smart mobility takes shape with a clear link to the existing role and responsibilities of the bus operator suggests  the role of the private operator takes on a new meaning within public transport in relation to smart mobility. The aspects of smart mobility piloted in this case also have different implications and connections topublic transport governance and planning. The pilot for driverless shuttles creates connections to established formal documents, roles and existing processes for public transport provision while MaaS re-orders roles between the RPTA and the operator in this case. This re-ordering of roles is part of the framing of the MaaS concept, and this case illustrates how this emerges in a specific context and the ways in which different actors relate to the concept, influencing how MaaS materializes in this setting. Altogether, this case highlights how different formsof smart mobility have different implications for public transport planning and governance and illustrates how the role of the operator gains new significance at the intersection of smart mobility and public transport.
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35.
  • Paulsson, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Samverkan i kollektivtrafiken : Varför, hur och med vilka konsekvenser?
  • 2018
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Kollektivtrafik planeras och bedrivs i regionala nätverk som inkluderar ett flertal organisationer. Förutom regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter är kommuner, trafikföretag, resenärsgrupper och handelsföreningar med flera involverade i dessa nätverk på olika sätt. För att kunna styra dessa nätverk krävs samverkan. Med samverkan menas att flera formellt självständiga organisationer arbetar tillsammans för att etablera och realisera gemensamma mål. I den här rapporten beskrivs hur samverkan fungerar som ett medel för de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna att styra de regionala nätverk där kollektivtrafik planeras och bedrivs.Utifrån den forskning som rapporten bygger på framkommer att det finns ett stort behov av samverkan mellan offentliga planeringsorganisationer på nationell, regional och lokal nivå, samt mellan offentliga och privata aktörer. Samverkan är en styrningsform som skapar förutsättningar för en sammanhållen kollektivtrafik som fungerar utifrån ett resenärsperspektiv. Ett konkret exempel är den nära koppling som behöver finnas mellan bebyggelseplanering och planering och utveckling av kollektivtrafik för att kollektivtrafiken ska bli smidig och kostnadseffektiv. Utan samverkan blir denna koppling svår att få till i praktiken. Samtidigt är det viktigt att uppmärksamma att samverkan både kan komplettera och motverka andra styrningsformer. Styrning baserad på tillit och ömsesidig förståelse kan undergrävas om det samtidigt sker en kontroll och övervakning av andre parten.Slutsatsen i rapporten är att samverkan är ett medel för att styra i de regionala nätverk där kollektivtrafik planeras och bedrivs. Samverkan är en särskilt viktig styrningsform i två hänseenden. För det första är det ett sätt att utveckla gemensamma överenskommelser om prioriteringar för kollektivtrafik och för regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter att säkerställa genomförbarheten av långsiktiga planer i en situation där kommunerna har monopol på markanvändningen. För det andra är samverkan ett sätt för de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna att etablera en gemensam identitet med de aktörer, främst kommuner och trafikföretag, som de arbetar tillsammans med. Vare sig det rör sig om informella samverkansformer eller formella avtal, så krävs någon typ av gemensam identitet och målbild för att de alla ska kunna se sin roll i att skapa ett fungerande och effektivt kollektivtrafiksystem.
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36.
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37.
  • Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, et al. (författare)
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors and disease burden in a European cohort : a nested case-control study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 103:22, s. 1686-1695
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: To date, no attempt has been made to systematically determine the apportionment of the hepatocellular carcinoma burden in Europe or North America among established risk factors.Methods: Using data collected from 1992 to 2006, which included 4 409 809 person-years in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), we identified 125 case patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, of whom 115 were matched to 229 control subjects. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the association of documented risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma with incidence of this disease and estimated their importance in this European cohort.Results: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OR = 9.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.10 to 39.50 and OR = 13.36, 95% CI = 4.11 to 43.45, respectively), obesity (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.06 to 4.29), former or current smoking (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 0.90 to 4.39 and OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 1.90 to 10.91, respectively), and heavy alcohol intake (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 0.73 to 4.27) were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Smoking contributed to almost half of all hepatocellular carcinomas (47.6%), whereas 13.2% and 20.9% were attributable to chronic HBV and HCV infection, respectively. Obesity and heavy alcohol intake contributed 16.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Almost two-thirds (65.7%, 95% CI = 50.6% to 79.3%) of hepatocellular carcinomas can be accounted for by exposure to at least one of these documented risk factors.Conclusions: Smoking contributed to more hepatocellular carcinomas in this Europe-wide cohort than chronic HBV and HCV infections. Heavy alcohol consumption and obesity also contributed to sizeable fractions of this disease burden. These contributions may be underestimates because EPIC volunteers are likely to be more health conscious than the general population.
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38.
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39.
  • Vitrano, Chiara, et al. (författare)
  • Justice in Regional Transport Planning through the Lens of Iris Marion Young
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Planning practice + research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0269-7459 .- 1360-0583. ; 37:5, s. 564-580
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper investigates whether and how regional public transport plans in Sweden address issues of social justice. Drawing upon a theoretical and analytical framework based on Young’s concept of domination and using a critical discourse analysis conducted on regional transport plans in three Swedish regions (Skåne, Stockholm and Västra Götaland), we identify discourses potentially resulting from and reproducing domination dynamics. The analysis highlights the centrality of economic growth goals and the framing of public transport users as customers not involved in the decision-making processes, which contradicts the declared justice and sustainability aims of the plans. 
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