| 1. |
- Faber, Felix A., et al.
(författare)
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Machine Learning Energies of 2 Million Elpasolite (AB2D6) Crystals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elpasolite is the predominant quaternary crystal structure (AlNaK2F6 prototype) reported in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. We develop a machine learning model to calculate density functional theory quality formation energies of all ∼2×106 pristine ABC2D6 elpasolite crystals that can be made up from main-group elements (up to bismuth). Our model’s accuracy can be improved systematically, reaching a mean absolute error of 0.1 eV/atom for a training set consisting of 10×103 crystals. Important bonding trends are revealed: fluoride is best suited to fit the coordination of the D site, which lowers the formation energy whereas the opposite is found for carbon. The bonding contribution of the elements A and B is very small on average. Low formation energies result from A and B being late elements from group II, C being a late (group I) element, and D being fluoride. Out of 2×106 crystals, 90 unique structures are predicted to be on the convex hull—among which is NFAl2Ca6, with a peculiar stoichiometry and a negative atomic oxidation state for Al.
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| 2. |
- Faber, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure representations for machine learning models of formation energies
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0020-7608 .- 1097-461X. ; 115:16, s. 1094-1101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce and evaluate a set of feature vector representations of crystal structures for machine learning (ML) models of formation energies of solids. ML models of atomization energies of organic molecules have been successful using a Coulomb matrix representation of the molecule. We consider three ways to generalize such representations to periodic systems: (i) a matrix where each element is related to the Ewald sum of the electrostatic interaction between two different atoms in the unit cell repeated over the lattice; (ii) an extended Coulomb-like matrix that takes into account a number of neighboring unit cells; and (iii) an ansatz that mimics the periodicity and the basic features of the elements in the Ewald sum matrix using a sine function of the crystal coordinates of the atoms. The representations are compared for a Laplacian kernel with Manhattan norm, trained to reproduce formation energies using a dataset of 3938 crystal structures obtained from the Materials Project. For training sets consisting of 3000 crystals, the generalization error in predicting formation energies of new structures corresponds to (i) 0.49, (ii) 0.64, and (iii) 0.37eV/atom for the respective representations.
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| 3. |
- Lindmaa, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Energetics of the AK13 semilocal Kohn-Sham exchange energy functional
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 94:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent nonempirical semilocal exchange functional of Armiento and Kummel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 036402 (2013)], AK13, incorporates a number of features reproduced by higher-order theory. The AK13 potential behaves analogously with the discontinuous jump associated with the derivative discontinuity at integer particle numbers. Recent works have established that AK13 gives a qualitatively improved orbital description compared to other semilocal methods, and reproduces a band structure closer to higher-order theory. However, its energies and energetics are inaccurate. The present work further investigates the deficiency in energetics. In addition to AK13 results, we find that applying the local-density approximation (LDA) non-self-consistently on the converged AK13 density gives very reasonable energetics with equilibrium lattice constants and bulk moduli well described across 13 systems. We also confirm that the attractive orbital features of AK13 are retained even after full structural relaxation. Hence, the deficient energetics cannot be a result of the AK13 orbitals having adversely affected the quality of the electron density compared to that of usual semilocal functionals; an improved orbital description and good energetics are not in opposition. This is also confirmed by direct calculation of the principal component of the electric field gradient. In addition, we prove that the non-self-consistent scheme is equivalent to using a single external-potential-dependent functional in an otherwise consistent, nonvariational Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (KS DFT) scheme. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that, while an internally consistent KS functional is presently missing, non-self-consistent LDA on AK13 orbitals works as a practical nonempirical computational scheme to predict geometries, bulk moduli, while retaining the band structure features of AK13 at the computational cost of semi-local DFT.
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| 4. |
- Lindmaa, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Exchange interactions in paramagnetic amorphous and disordered crystalline CrN-based systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 88:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a first principles supercell methodology for the calculation of exchange interactions of magnetic materials with arbitrary degrees of structural and chemical disorder in their high temperature paramagnetic state. It is based on a projection of the total magnetic energy of the system onto local pair clusters, allowing the interactions to vary independently as a response to their local environments. We demonstrate our method by deriving the distance dependent exchange interactions in vibrating crystalline CrN, a Ti0.5Cr0.5N solid solution as well as in amorphous CrN. Our method reveals strong local environment effects in all three systems. In the amorphous case we use the full set of exchange interactions in a search for the noncollinear magnetic ground state.
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| 5. |
- Lindmaa, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum oscillations in the kinetic energy density: Gradient corrections from the Airy gas
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:7, s. 075139-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We derive a closed-form expression for the quantum corrections to the kinetic energy density in the Thomas-Fermi limit of a linear potential model system in three dimensions (the Airy gas). The universality of the expression is tested numerically in a number of three-dimensional model systems: (i) jellium surfaces, (ii) confinement in a hydrogenlike potential (the Bohr atom), (iii) particles confined by a harmonic potential in one and (iv) all three dimensions, and (v) a system with a cosine potential (the Mathieu gas). Our results confirm that the usual gradient expansion of extended Thomas-Fermi theory does not describe the quantum oscillations for systems that incorporate surface regions where the electron density drops off to zero. We find that the correction derived from the Airy gas is universally applicable to relevant spatial regions of systems of types (i), (ii), and (iv), but somewhat surprisingly not (iii). We discuss possible implications of our findings to the development of functionals for the kinetic energy density.
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| 6. |
- Lindmaa, Alexander
(författare)
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Theoretical prediction of properties of atomistic systems : Density functional theory and machine learning
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The prediction of ground state properties of atomistic systems is of vital importance in technological advances as well as in the physical sciences. Fundamentally, these predictions are based on a quantum-mechanical description of many-electron systems. One of the hitherto most prominent theories for the treatment of such systems is density functional theory (DFT). The main reason for its success is due to its balance of acceptable accuracy with computational efficiency. By now, DFT is applied routinely to compute the properties of atomic, molecular, and solid state systems.The general approach to solve the DFT equations is to use a density-functional approximation (DFA). In Kohn-Sham (KS) DFT, DFAs are applied to the unknown exchangecorrelation (xc) energy. In orbital-free DFT on the other hand, where the total energy is minimized directly with respect to the electron density, a DFA applied to the noninteracting kinetic energy is also required. Unfortunately, central DFAs in DFT fail to qualitatively capture many important aspects of electronic systems. Two prime examples are the description of localized electrons, and the description of systems where electronic edges are present.In this thesis, I use a model system approach to construct a DFA for the electron localization function (ELF). The very same approach is also taken to study the non-interacting kinetic energy density (KED) in the slowly varying limit of inhomogeneous electron densities, where the effect of electronic edges are effectively included. Apart from the work on model systems, extensions of an exchange energy functional with an improved KS orbital description are presented: a scheme for improving its description of energetics of solids, and a comparison of its description of an essential exact exchange feature known as the derivative discontinuity with numerical data for exact exchange.An emerging alternative route towards the prediction of the properties of atomistic systems is machine learning (ML). I present a number of ML methods for the prediction of solid formation energies, with an accuracy that is on par with KS DFT calculations, and with orders-of-magnitude lower computational cost.
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