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| 4. |
- Jernberg, T., et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Effects of Oxygen Therapy on Death or Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 138:24, s. 2754-2762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the DETO2X-AMI trial (Determination of the Role of Oxygen in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction), we compared supplemental oxygen with ambient air in normoxemic patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and found no significant survival benefit at 1 year. However, important secondary end points were not yet available. We now report the prespecified secondary end points cardiovascular death and the composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for heart failure. METHODS: In this pragmatic, registry-based randomized clinical trial, we used a nationwide quality registry for coronary care for trial procedures and evaluated end points through the Swedish population registry (mortality), the Swedish inpatient registry (heart failure), and cause of death registry (cardiovascular death). Patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction and oxygen saturation of >= 90% were randomly assigned to receive either supplemental oxygen at 6 L/min for 6 to 12 hours delivered by open face mask or ambient air. RESULTS: A total of 6629 patients were enrolled. Acute heart failure treatment, left ventricular systolic function assessed by echocardiography, and infarct size measured by high-sensitive cardiac troponin T were similar in the 2 groups during the hospitalization period. All-cause death or hospitalization for heart failure within 1 year after randomization occurred in 8.0% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 7.9% of patients assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84-1.18; P=0.92). During long-term follow-up (median [range], 2.1 [1.0-3.7] years), the composite end point occurred in 11.2% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 10.8% of patients assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.88-1.17; P=0.84), and cardiovascular death occurred in 5.2% of patients assigned to oxygen and in 4.8% assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87-1.33; P=0.52). The results were consistent across all predefined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of supplemental oxygen in normoxemic patients with suspected myocardial infarction was not found to reduce the composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure, or cardiovascular death within 1 year or during long-term follow-up.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Anders G., et al.
(författare)
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A study of the location of the entrance of a fishway in a regulated river with CFD and ADCP
- 2012
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Ingår i: Modelling and Simulation in Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5591 .- 1687-5605. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation-driven design with computational fluid dynamics has been used to evaluate the flow downstream of a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed, and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. The measurements indicate a more unstable flow than the simulations, and the tailrace jet from the turbines is stronger in the simulations. A fishway entrance was included in the simulations, and the subsequent attraction water was evaluated for two positions and two angles of the entrance at different turbine discharges. Results show that both positions are viable and that a position where the flow from the fishway does not have to compete with the flow from the power plant will generate superior attraction water. Simulations were also performed for further downstream where the flow from the turbines meets the old river bed which is the current fish passage for upstream migrating fish. A modification of the old river bed was made in the model as one scenario to generate better attraction water. This considerably increases the attraction water although it cannot compete with the flow from the tailrace tunnel.
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| 7. |
- Barlind, Jonas G, et al.
(författare)
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Design and optimization of pyrazinecarboxamide-based inhibitors of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) leading to a clinical candidate dimethylpyrazinecarboxamide phenylcyclohexylacetic acid (AZD7687)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:23, s. 10610-10629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new series of pyrazinecarboxamide DGAT1 inhibitors was designed to address the need for a candidate drug with good potency, selectivity, and physical and DMPK properties combined with a low predicted dose in man. Rational design and optimization of this series led to the discovery of compound 30 (AZD7687), which met the project objectives for potency, selectivity, in particular over ACAT1, solubility, and preclinical PK profiles. This compound showed the anticipated excellent pharmacokinetic properties in human volunteers.
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| 8. |
- Bielig, H, et al.
(författare)
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NOD-like receptor activation by outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) from non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is modulated by the quorum sensing regulator HapR
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 79:4, s. 1418-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrio cholerae is an inhabitant of aquatic systems and one of the causative agents of severe dehydrating diarrhea in humans. It has also emerged as an important cause of different kinds of inflammatory responses and in particular, V. cholerae strains of the non-O1 non-O139 serogroups (NOVC) have been associated with such infections in human. We analyzed the potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the NOVC strain V:5/04 to induce inflammatory responses in human host cells. V:5/04 OMVs were taken up by human epithelial cells and induced inflammatory responses. siRNA-mediated gene knock-down revealed that the inflammatory potential of NOVC OMVs was partially mediated by the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing family member NOD1. Physiochemical analysis of the content of these OMVs, in conjunction with NOD1 and NOD2 reporter assays in HEK293T cells, confirmed the presence of both NOD1 and NOD2 active peptidoglycan in the OMVs. Furthermore, we show that deletion of the quorum sensing regulator HapR which mimics an infective life style, specifically reduced the inflammatory potential of the V:5/04 OMVs and their ability to activate NOD1 and NOD2. In conclusion, our study shows that NOVC OMVs elicit immune responses mediated by NOD1 and NOD2 in mammalian host cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that the quorum sensing machinery plays an important regulatory role in this process by attenuating the inflammatory potential of OMVs in infective conditions. This work thus identified a new facet of how Vibrio affects host immune responses and defines a role for the quorum sensing machinery in this process.
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| 11. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of casein micelle size and milk composition for milk gelation.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 93:4, s. 1444-1451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The economic output of the dairy industry is to a great extent dependent on the processing of milk into other milk-based products such as cheese. The yield and quality of cheese are dependent on both the composition and technological properties of milk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance and effects of casein (CN) micelle size and milk composition on milk gelation characteristics in order to evaluate the possibilities for enhancing gelation properties through breeding. Milk was collected on 4 sampling occasions at the farm level in winter and summer from dairy cows with high genetic merit, classified as elite dairy cows, of the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds. Comparisons were made with milk from a Swedish Red herd, a Swedish Holstein herd, and a Swedish dairy processor. Properties of CN micelles, such as their native and rennet-induced CN micelle size and their zeta-potential, were analyzed by photon correlation spectroscopy, and rennet-induced gelation characteristics, including gel strength, gelation time, and frequency sweeps, were determined. Milk parameters of the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as minerals were used to obtain correlations with native CN micelle size and gelation characteristics. Milk pH and protein, CN, and lactose contents were found to affect milk gelation. Smaller native CN micelles were shown to form stronger gels when poorly coagulating milk was excluded from the correlation analysis. In addition, milk pH correlated positively, whereas Mg and K correlated negatively with native CN micellar size. The milk from the elite dairy cows was shown to have good gelation characteristics. Furthermore, genetic progress in relation to CN micelle size was found for these cows as a correlated response to selection for the Swedish breeding objective if optimizing for milk gelation characteristics. The results indicate that selection for smaller native CN micelles and lower milk pH through breeding would enhance gelation properties and may thus improve the initial step in the processing of cheese.
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| 12. |
- Hakalehto, E., et al.
(författare)
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Some remarks on processing of slaughterhouse wastes from ecological chicken abattoir and farm
- 2016
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Ingår i: Microbiological Industrial Hygiene. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781634852937 - 9781634852685 ; , s. 271-293
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the meat industries, it is always of high importance to follow up the zoonotic and other hazardous micro-organisms, and to prevent their risky distribution, emission and dissemination. Besides proper hygiene control, as well as organized exploitation of the side streams and slaughterhouse wastes helps in the hygienization of the biomasses, processes, and the entire industry. During this experimentation it turned out that it was possible to produce gases and chemical goods, not only from the carboxylates, but also from the more tedious protein and lipid containing wastes. Moreover, these promising results were obtained from a substrate mix with manure and wood chips. These results implied to the high versatility and flexibility of the bioprocess during Pilot A tests within the European Union Baltic Sea region project ABOWE. In Sweden these tests were carried out using the combined wastes from the ecological chicken farm and abattoir as the raw materials. This is a report of the practical set up during intensive experimentation conducted jointly by the Swedish and Finnish personnel. The report of the runs in Sweden is presented also in the public report of the European Union funded project (www.abowe.eu).
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| 15. |
- Larsson, I. A. Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of merging flow by usage of PIV and CFD with application to grate-kiln induration machines
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 5:4, s. 81-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One way to upgrade iron ore is to process it into pellets. Such a process includes several stages involving complex fluid dynamics. In this work, focus is on the grate-kiln pelletizing process and especially on the rotary kiln, with the objective to get a deeper understanding of the aerodynamics in order to improve the combustion. A down-scaled, simplified model of the real kiln is created and both numerical and experimental analyses of the flow field are performed. Conclusions are that steady state simulations can be used to get an overview over the main features of the flow field. Precautions should though be taken when analyzing the recirculation zone since steady state simulations do not capture the transient, oscillating behavior of the flow seen in the physical experiment. These oscillations will under certain conditions considerably affect the size of the recirculation zone.
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| 16. |
- Larsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary flow in semi-circular ducts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics. ; , s. 725-732
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary flow in semi-circular ducts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluids Engineering. - : ASME International. - 0098-2202 .- 1528-901X. ; 133:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Turbulent secondary flows are motions in the transverse plane, perpendicular to a main, axial flow. They are encountered in non-circular ducts and can, although the velocity is only of the order of 1–3% of the streamwise bulk velocity, affect the characteristics of the mean flow and the turbulent structure. In this work, the focus is on secondary flow in semi-circular ducts which has previously not been reported. Both numerical and experimental analyses are carried out with high accuracy. It is found that the secondary flow in semi-circular ducts consists of two pairs of counter rotating corner vortices, with a velocity in the range reported previously for related configurations. Agreement between simulation and experimental results are excellent when using a second moment closure turbulence model, and when taking the experimental and numerical uncertainty into account. New and unique results of the secondary flow in semi-circular ducts have been derived from verified simulations and validating laser-based experiments.
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| 21. |
- Lindmark, Barbro, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the presence of virulence-associated factors in Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139 isolates from clinical and environmental sources
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The broad group non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio cholerae presumably causes clinical diseases due to properties distinct from V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups in which cholera toxin is the hallmark of the infection. In this study, we screened for the presence of virulence-associated factors in V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains isolated in Sweden. Six isolates from patients with different clinical manifestations and two environmental isolates were studied. None of the V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 isolates carried the ctx or tcpA genes, but gene sequences for other putative virulence factors such as OmpU, cytolysin (VCC) and RTX were present. Significant differences in serum resistance were observed among the isolates independent of their encapsulation. The isolates were tested on Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative host for analysis of factors associated with protection from natural predator grazing and environmental survival of V. cholerae. Three isolates caused lethality to C. elegans and also showed the strongest ability to resist killing by serum. We also observed that actin cross-linking activity and the level of protease secretion were different among the strains.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Lindmark, T, et al.
(författare)
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Absorption enhancement in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by sodium caprate : Assessment of molecular weight dependence and demonstration of transport routes
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of drug targeting (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1061-186X .- 1029-2330. ; 5:3, s. 215-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sodium caprate (CIO), a medium chain fatty acid, is used clinically to enhance rectal absorption of the low molecular weight (MW) drug ampicillin. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether CIO also enhances the permeability of high MW model drugs in a model of the intestinal epithelium. The second aim was to present visual evidence of the route of enhanced transport across the epithelial cell layer. The studies were performed in Caco-2 monolayers cultured on permeable supports. The effects of non-toxic concentrations (≤ 13 mM) of CIO on drug transport across the monolayers was studied using monodisperse 14C-polyethylene glycols (MW 238-502; 14C-PEGs), 125I-Arg8-vasopressin (MW 1,208), 125I-insulin (MW 6,000) and FITC-labelled dextrans (MW 4,400 and 19,600; FD4 and FD20 respectively) as model drugs. Electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to demonstrate transport routes across the epithelium. 10 mM C10 increased the permeability of all 14C-PEGs to approximately the same extent. 13 mM C10 increased the permeability of 125I-Arg8-vasopressin 10-fold. Only small increases in FD4 and FD20 permeabilities were observed. After C10 exposure, both tight junctions with normal morphology and those with dilatations showed an increased permeability to ruthenium red, indicating that C10 enhanced the paracellular transport of molecules with a MW < 1,000. Confocal microscopy showed that C10 increased the transport of FD4 and FD20 by the paracellular route. In conclusion, nontoxic concentrations of C10 can be used to enhance the permeability of drugs of MW up to approximately 1,200. Enhancement of the absorption of molecules larger than 4,000 is quantitatively insignificant. The enhanced permeability occurred via the paracellular pathway.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ljung, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of plate size on the evaporation rate of a heated droplet
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Droplets evaporating on hot surfaces has many applications including drying of dishes and paint. Evaporation rate and deposition of particles withheld in the fluid is of great importance in both cases. As a first step to investigate how the drying rate and deposition mechanisms can be controlled, this work aims to investigate how the external flow around a droplet influences the evaporation rate. Natural convection of the surrounding fluid caused by heated plates of different widths is considered and the effect of the heat and mass transfer mechanisms on the evaporation rate is investigated.
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| 33. |
- Naved, Ruchira T., et al.
(författare)
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Paramedic-conducted Mental Health Counselling for Abused Women in Rural Bangladesh : An Evaluation from the Perspective of Participants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. - 1606-0997 .- 2072-1315. ; 27:4, s. 477-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on evaluation of an initiative to use paramedics as the first-level mental health counsellors of abused women in rural Bangladesh (2003-2004) from the perspective of the abused women who participated in one or more counselling sessions. Thirty in-depth interviews, followed by a survey (n=372), targeted to cover all participants, were conducted in 2006. Overall, the arrangement, management of ethical issues, and skills of paramedics were rated favourably. Most (89%) abused women (n=372) considered the session useful; one-fourth of these women considered it very useful; and only a few abused women considered the session useless. Usefulness of the session was expressed mostly in terms of relief attained after talking about the issue. Most (87%) women reported being encouraged to be self-confident. In a context characterized by low self-confidence of women, lack of opportunity to talk about violence, and absence of professional mental health counselling services, this initiative is sufficiently promising to warrant further testing.
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| 34. |
- Pettersson, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Pressure Distribution in a Belt Press During Manufacture of Fiberboards
- 2007
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Ingår i: Wood and Fiber Science. - 0735-6161. ; 39:3, s. 493-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When forming fiberboards, a large amount of air is evacuated from the dry fiber mat and the fibers are subjected to forces generated by the flow. If the forces become too strong, the fiber mat bursts and the process stops with financial loss as a result. A simplified model for the pressure field during the pressing has been derived, by starting from first principles. This model indicates that the velocity of the belt can be increased as long as the length of the press is increased, or the viscosity of the penetrating fluid is decreased in a prescribed manner. The model furthermore suggests that the pressure distribution will be unaffected by variations in the basis weight of the fiber mat as long as the basis weight is matched with an equal change in the density of the fibers. Furthermore, by numerically deriving the pressure field as a function of boundary conditions, it is shown that minor variations in the pressure at the nip may result in huge differences in the pressure at the entrance of the press. In a validating procedure, it is shown that model parameters can be adjusted in a physically reasonable way to obtain acceptable agreement with experimental data, but also that the model must be considerably improved in order to obtain quantitative conformity.
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| 38. |
- Söderholm, Johan D, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Augmented increase in tight junction permeability by luminal stimuli in the non-inflamed ileum of crohn's disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 50:3, s. 307-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Crohn's disease is associated with deranged intestinal permeability in vivo, suggesting dysfunction of tight junctions. The luminal contents are important for development of neoinflammation following resection. Regulation of tight junctions by luminal factors has not previously been studied in Crohn's disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a luminal stimulus, known to affect tight junctions, on the distal ileum in patients with Crohn's disease. Patients: Surgical specimens from the distal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease (n=l 2) were studied, and ileal specimens from colon cancer patients (n=l 3) served as controls. Methods: Mucosal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA and electrical resistance were studied in Ussing chambers during luminal exposure to sodium caprate (a constituent of milk fat, affecting tight junctions) or to buffer only. The mechanisms involved were studied by mucosal ATP levels, and by electron and confocal microscopy. Results: Baseline permeability was the same in non-inflamed ileum of Crohn's disease and controls. Sodium caprate induced a rapid increase in paracellular permeability - that is, increased permeation of 51Cr-EDTA and decreased electrical resistance - which was more pronounced in non-inflamed ileum of Crohn's disease, and electron microscopy showed dilatations within the tight junctions. Moreover, sodium caprate induced disassembly of perijunctional filamentous actin was more pronounced in Crohn's disease mucosa. Mucosal permeability changes were accompanied by mitochondrial swelling and a fall in epithelial ATP content, suggesting uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions: The tight junctions in the non-inflamed distal ileum of Crohn's disease were more reactive to luminal stimuli, possibly mediated via disturbed cytoskeletal contractility. This could contribute to the development of mucosal neoinflammation in Crohn's disease.
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| 39. |
- Winslow, S., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-omics links IL-6 trans-signalling with neutrophil extracellular trap formation and Haemophilus infection in COPD
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 58:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Interleukin (IL)-6 trans-signalling (IL-6TS) is emerging as a pathogenic mechanism in chronic respiratory diseases; however, the drivers of IL-6TS in the airways and the phenotypic characteristic of patients with increased IL-6TS pathway activation remain poorly understood. Objective: Our aim was to identify and characterise COPD patients with increased airway IL-6TS and to elucidate the biological drivers of IL-6TS pathway activation. Methods: We used an IL-6TS-specific sputum biomarker profile (soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), IL-6, IL1 beta, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta) to stratify sputum data from patients with COPD (n=74; Biomarkers to Target Antibiotic and Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy in COPD Exacerbation (BEAT-COPD)) by hierarchical clustering. The IL-6TS signature was related to clinical characteristics and sputum microbiome profiles. The induction of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) and IL-6TS by Haemophilus influenzae were studied in human neutrophils. Results: Hierarchical clustering revealed an IL-6TS-high subset (n=24) of COPD patients, who shared phenotypic traits with an IL-6TS-high subset previously identified in asthma. The subset was characterised by increased sputum cell counts (p=0.0001), persistent sputum neutrophilia (p=0.0004), reduced quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire total score; p=0.008), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in sputum. IL-6TS-high COPD patients showed an increase in Proteobacteria, with Haemophilus as the dominating genus. NETosis induced by H. influenzae was identified as a potential mechanism for increased sIL-6R levels. This was supported by a significant positive correlation between sIL-6R and NETosis markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from COPD patients. Conclusion: IL-6TS pathway activation due to chronic colonisation with Haemophilus may be an important disease driver in a subset of COPD patients.
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| 40. |
- Zervos, T., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of MIMO terminal user's hand on channel capacity
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the impact of user's hand holding a Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MIMO) terminal on the system performance is investigated. A 4×4 MIMO system is considered with a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) terminal equipped with a compact array of 4 patch elements. The radiation patterns of the antenna elements are simulated in the presence of the other elements and in the presence of a user's hand. The obtained patterns are used to evaluate the covariance matrix of the receive antenna which is incorporated in a correlation-based MIMO channel model. MIMO channel capacity is calculated to demonstrate the capacity degradation caused by the user's hand.
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| 41. |
- Zhou, X.-L., et al.
(författare)
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Germline mutations in the MYH gene in Swedish familial and sporadic colorectal cancer
- 2005
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Ingår i: Genetic Testing. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1090-6576 .- 1557-7473. ; 9:2, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biallelic germline mutations in the base excision repair gene MYH have been shown to predispose to a proportion of multiple colorectal adenomas and cancer. To evaluate the contribution of MYH mutations to non-FAP, non-HNPCC familial colorectal cancer, 84 unrelated Swedish individuals affected with colorectal cancer from such families were screened for germline mutations in the coding sequence of the gene. None of the cases was found to carry any pathogenic sequence change. We then determined the prevalence of the two most common pathogenic MYH mutations found in Caucasians, Y165C and G382D, in 450 Swedish sporadic colorectal cancer cases and 480 Swedish healthy controls. The frequency of both variants in Swedish cases and controls was similar to those previously reported. In addition, we found that previously unknown sequence variations at the position of amino acid 423 (R423Q, R423P, and R423R) appear to occur more frequently in cases than in controls (p = 0.02), a finding that warrants future studies. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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