| 1. |
- Rich, Rebecca L., et al.
(författare)
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A global benchmark study using affinity-based biosensors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 386:2, s. 194-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the variability in biosensor studies, 150 participants from 20 countries were given the same protein samples and asked to determine kinetic rate constants for the interaction. We chose a protein system that was amenable to analysis using different biosensor platforms as well as by users of different expertise levels. The two proteins (a 50-kDa Fab and a 60-kDa glutathione S-transferase [GST] antigen) form a relatively high-affinity complex, so participants needed to optimize several experimental parameters, including ligand immobilization and regeneration conditions as well as analyte concentrations and injection/dissociation times. Although most participants collected binding responses that could be fit to yield kinetic parameters, the quality of a few data sets could have been improved by optimizing the assay design. Once these outliers were removed, the average reported affinity across the remaining panel of participants was 620 pM with a standard deviation of 980 pM. These results demonstrate that when this biosensor assay was designed and executed appropriately, the reported rate constants were consistent, and independent of which protein was immobilized and which biosensor was used.
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| 2. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 3. |
- Martin, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 452:7183, s. 7-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycorrhizal symbioses -- the union of roots and soil fungi -- are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants1,2. Boreal, temperate, and montane forests all depend upon ectomycorrhizae1. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of 2 ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here, we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-million-base genome assembly contains ~ 20,000 predicted protein-encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features most notably a battery of effector-type small secreted proteins (SSP) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae-specific proteins likely play a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non-plant cell walls, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus which enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem in order to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.
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| 4. |
- Mullins, Niamh, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:3, s. 313-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders.METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors.RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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| 5. |
- Rostgaard, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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TMEM106B and ApoE polymorphisms in CHMP2B-mediated frontotemporal dementia (FTD-3)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 59, s. 1-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the TMEM106B gene have been identified as a risk factor in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The major allele of SNP rs3173615 is a risk factor in sporadic FTD, whereas the minor allele seems protective in GRN- and C9orf72-mediated FTD. The role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in FTD is uncertain, though an established risk factor in Alzheimer's disease. In a unique Danish family, inherited FTD is caused by a mutation in the CHMP2B gene located on chromosome 3 (FTD-3). In this family, both risk factors TMEM106B and ApoE were analyzed and correlated to age at onset (AAO) and progression in terms of age at institutionalization (AAI) and age at death (AAD). Although TMEM106B and CHMP2B share cellular function in that both localize to endolysosomes, TMEM106B genotypes appeared to have no influence on the clinical disease course. ApoE ε4 was found to be a protective factor with later AAO and AAI, whereas ε2 seemed to aggravate the disease with earlier AAO and AAD. These results indicate ApoE ε2 as a risk factor in FTD-3 and suggest a protective role of ε4.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Curtis, Bruce A., et al.
(författare)
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Algal genomes reveal evolutionary mosaicism and the fate of nucleomorphs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 492:7427, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cryptophyte and chlorarachniophyte algae are transitional forms in the widespread secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of photosynthesis by engulfment of eukaryotic algae. Unlike most secondary plastid-bearing algae, miniaturized versions of the endosymbiont nuclei (nucleomorphs) persist in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes. To determine why, and to address other fundamental questions about eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis, we sequenced the nuclear genomes of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Both genomes have >21,000 protein genes and are intron rich, and B. natans exhibits unprecedented alternative splicing for a single-celled organism. Phylogenomic analyses and subcellular targeting predictions reveal extensive genetic and biochemical mosaicism, with both host-and endosymbiont-derived genes servicing the mitochondrion, the host cell cytosol, the plastid and the remnant endosymbiont cytosol of both algae. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus gene transfer still occurs in both organisms but plastid-to-nucleus and nucleomorph-to-nucleus transfers do not, which explains why a small residue of essential genes remains locked in each nucleomorph.
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| 10. |
- Edholm, Peter, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge-based Configuration of Integrated Product and Process Platforms
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2009 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, DETC2009; San Diego, CA; United States; 30 August 2009 through 2 September 2009. - 9780791848999 ; 2:Part A, s. 495-504
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The definition of the content of a product platform highly affects the possibility to engineer and produce unique and optimized products to suit customer needsIn this paper generic configurable autonomous subsystems, Configurable Components (CCs), are used to define platforms that can be used to configure and instantiate product as well as process structures and to optimize instantiated part solutionsTo simulate a realistic industrial environment, a configuration demonstrator has been developed and used to perform case studies in order to test the CC concept The test cases are focused on geometrical interfaces between components Communication functionality between the demonstrator and a CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) tool has been developed to enable automatic optimization of interface concepts during configuration In summary, the paper shows that, given variant-specific input data, a knowledge-based platform definition with high design bandwidth can be used to configure, engineer and manufacture an Instanced product variant.
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| 11. |
- Iliev, Boyko, et al.
(författare)
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A fuzzy technique for food- and water quality assessment with an electronic tongue
- 2006
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Ingår i: Fuzzy sets and systems (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0114 .- 1872-6801. ; 157:9, s. 1155-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of food- and water quality assessment is important for many practical applications, such as food industry and environmental monitoring. In this article we present a method for fast online quality assessment based on electronic tongue measurements. The idea is implemented in two steps. First we apply a fuzzy clustering technique to obtain prototypes corresponding to good and bad quality from a set of training data. During the second, online step we evaluate the membership of the current measurement to each cluster and make a decision about its quality. The result is presented to the user in a simple and understandable way, similar to the concept of traffic light signals. Namely, good quality is indicated with by a green light, bad quality with a red one, and a yellow light is a warning signal. The approach is demonstrated in two case studies: quality assessment of drinking water and baby food.
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| 12. |
- Karim, Sazzad, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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A novel chloroplast localized Rab GTPase protein CPRabA5e is involved in stress, development, thylakoid biogenesis and vesicle transport in Arabidopsis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plant molecular biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-5028 .- 0167-4412. ; 84:6, s. 675-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel Rab GTPase protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, CPRabA5e (CP=chloroplast localized) is located in chloroplasts and has a role in transport. Transient expression of CPRabA5e:EGFP fusion protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves, and immunoblotting using Arabidopsis showed localization of CPRabA5e in chloroplasts (stroma and thylakoids). Ypt31/32 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in regulating vesicle transport, and CPRabA5e a close homolog of Ypt31/32, restores the growth of the ypt31Δ ypt32 (ts) mutant at 37°C in yeast complementation. Knockout mutants of CPRabA5e displayed delayed seed germination and growth arrest during oxidative stress. Ultrastructural studies revealed that after preincubation at 4°C mutant chloroplasts contained larger plastoglobules, lower grana, and more vesicles close to the envelopes compared to wild type, and vesicle formation being enhanced under oxidative stress. This indicated altered thylakoid development and organization of the mutants. A yeast-two-hybrid screen with CPRabA5e as bait revealed 13 interacting partner proteins, mainly located in thylakoids and plastoglobules. These proteins are known or predicted to be involved in development, stress responses, and photosynthesis related processes, consistent with the stress phenotypes observed. The results observed suggest a role of CPRabA5e in transport to and from thylakoids, similar to cytosolic Rab proteins involved in vesicle transport.
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| 13. |
- Kohler, Annegret, et al.
(författare)
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Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:4, s. 176-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7-38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of mycorrhiza-induced genes.
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| 14. |
- Lindquist, Birgitta, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of five neutralizing products on intra-oral pH after rinsing with simulated gastric acid.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 119:4, s. 301-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aetiology of dental erosion may be of both extrinsic and intrinsic origin. The aim of the present study was to test the ability of various neutralizing products to raise the low intra-oral pH after an erosive exposure, in this case to gastric acid, which was simulated using hydrochloric acid (HCl). Eleven adults participated. They rinsed with 10 ml of 10 mM HCl (pH 2) or 10 ml of 100 mM HCl (pH 1) for 1 min, after which the pH was measured intra-orally for up to 30 min at four sites (two approximal, one buccal, and the dorsum of the tongue). After rinsing with the two acid solutions (pH 1 and pH 2), the following products were used: (i) antacid tablet; (ii) gum arabic lozenge; (iii) mineral water; (iv) milk; and (v) tap water (positive control). The negative control was no product use. The five test products were used for 2 min after the erosive challenge. All the products produced an initially higher pH compared with the negative control. The antacid tablet resulted in the greatest and most rapid increase in pH, followed by the lozenge. In dental practice, the use of any of the neutralizing products tested, especially the antacid tablet, could be recommended in order to increase the intra-oral pH after an erosive challenge.
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| 15. |
- Lindquist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave-Assisted Coupling of Carboxylic Acids to a Polymer Bound Hydrazine Linker
- 2003
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Ingår i: Synthetic Communications. - New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc.. - 0039-7911 .- 1532-2432. ; 33:13, s. 2257-2262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of carboxylic acids, all being potential scaffolds for combinatorial chemistry or peptide synthesis, were coupled to a polymer bound aryl hydrazine linker using microwave irradiation in good yields. Improved yields and reduced reaction times were achieved byusing microwave-assisted heating compared to conventional heating.
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| 16. |
- Lindquist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel synthesis of an indole-based library via an iterativeMannich reaction sequence
- 2006
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 62:14, s. 3439-3445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A library of 1,3-disubstituted indoles has been prepared via an iterative Mannich reaction sequence. The first Mannich reaction with secondary amines and formaldehyde preferentially yields 3-aminomethyl indoles, while the second Mannich reaction introduces an additional aminomethyl group at the N1-position of the indole ring. A library of 25 substituted indoles has thus been prepared in moderate to good yields with purity.
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| 17. |
- Lindquist, Malin, 1975-
(författare)
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Electronic tongue for water quality assessment
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes the work on the development of a new electronic tongue for water quality assessment. The aim of this work is to build a complete system including a sensor and associated data analysis methods which is able to detect quality changes in drinking water and warn the user if the water is not suitable for drinking. Therefore, the main design issues were to build a portable, robust electronic tongue which provides a fast estimate of the water quality rather than identify the type of the contamination. In this sense, the system has a simple interface resembling traffic light signals. The system responds with green light for good water quality, red for bad quality and yellow if the result is uncertain. The electronic tongue sensor is based on voltammetry, which gives a relatively simple and robust system. It is suitable for the considered applications, since it is able to measure small changes in the chemical and micro-organic content in water. These properties are very important for our goal to develop an electronic tongue for water quality assessment. During the development process, the sensor system was modified in order to improve the system’s mobility and robustness. Moreover, the long-term stability and the extent of the sensor drift were evaluated for continuous use. The response time for the sensor is relatively short, but it generates large amounts of data. Therefore, there is a need for pre-processing and feature extraction methods to deal with the complexity of data. This is done with the help of multivariate analysis method. The quality assessment is done with different classification algorithms. We implemented fuzzy clustering and self-organizing maps. In this thesis, two real applications are also considered, where the measurement is taking place in streaming water. In the first case, the electronic tongue could be placed directly at a water tap where random measurements occur. In the second application continuous measurements are performed and information about the sensor drift is used in the data analysis. The evaluation confirmed that the improved sensor system fulfills the requirements for on-line measurements of water quality.
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| 18. |
- Lindquist, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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New sensor system for drinking water quality
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ISA/IEEE Sensors for industry conference, 2004. - 0780381432 ; , s. 30-34
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sensor system suitable for measuring qualitative changes In the chemical and the bacterial content in drinking water is presented. The sensor, an electronic tongue, is based on a voltammetric technique and is therefore robust, simple and sensitive to small changes of water quality in the measured sample. The sensor system is constructed so the liquid sample will flow through the sensing unit while measuring continuously. The sensor has a solid construction, does not contain any fragile parts and is independent of how it is positioned. This creates new approaches and the sensor can easily be mounted on a underwater vehicle for continuous inspection of drinking water reservoirs and continuously monitor the quality of the water as well as be mounted directly on a drinking water tap.
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| 19. |
- Lindquist, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual water quality tests with an electionic tongue
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology conference, 2001. IMTC 2001. - 0780366468 ; , s. 1320-1324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of the “electronic tongue” has been used in some experiments to establish the needs of fast and virtual monitoring of aqueous samples, e.g., in the monitoring of drinking water quality. More specifically, the performance of a proposed multi-electrode sensor system, used for voltammetric analysis of aqueous samples, is described. It is, for example, shown how such an “electronic tongue” can be used to monitor the quality of water in a production plant for drinking water. It is pointed out that conventional techniques often determine single concentration of the measured test while in many areas of measurement technology the methodology to extract adequate information from the environment, e.g., the electronic tongue, makes a total water quality estimate based on predetermined constraints extracted from complicated pattern structures. In this approach, experiments are conducted using an electronic tongue to virtually monitor the drinking water quality, measured from the raw water in the river to the tap water of the consumer. It can be shown that a system based on the proposed multi-electrode virtual sensor system is able to detect water quality changes. In these experiments, with the use of signal analysis and statistical multivariate methods we are able to estimate the water quality
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| 20. |
- Nagel, Gabriele, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic factors and the risk of small intestine cancers : pooled study of 800 000 individuals in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 149:1, s. 66-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the largely unknown etiology of small intestine cancer, we examined metabolic factors and risk of small intestine cancer overall and by subtypes. Amongst 404 220 women and 403 265 men in six European cohorts, we applied Cox regression with adjustment for smoking and body mass index (BMI), to calculate sex-specific hazard ratios (HR) of small intestine cancer by levels of BMI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. We also calculated HRs for these factors combined (metabolic score; MetS) and used Wald test statistics to investigate pairwise interactions between metabolic factors on risk. We also performed analyses separately per subtype (neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and adenocarcinomas). During a median follow-up of 16.9 years, 144 women and 195 men were diagnosed with small intestine cancer, including 184 NETs and 99 adenocarcinomas. Among men, no main associations or interactions between metabolic factors were observed in relation to the risk of small intestine cancer. Among women, triglycerides were positively and linearly associated with risk (HR per standard deviation [SD]: 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.46), and a positive association was also observed for the MetS (HR per SD: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.52). Positive interactions were observed among women between triglycerides and cholesterol (p=0.0005), and between MAP and glucose (p=0.009), on risk. Glucose was positively associated with adenocarcinomas among women. This large, prospective study suggests that elevated triglycerides, and metabolic factors in interaction, confer an increased risk of small intestine cancer among women, but not among men.
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| 21. |
- Olsson, Mia, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Thorough investigation of a canine autoinflammatory disease (AID) syndrome confirms one main risk factor and suggests a modifier locus for amyloidosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10, s. e75242-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoinflammatory disease (AID) manifests from the dysregulation of the innate immune system and is characterised by systemic and persistent inflammation. Clinical heterogeneity leads to patients presenting with one or a spectrum of phenotypic signs, leading to difficult diagnoses in the absence of a clear genetic cause. We used separate genome-wide SNP analyses to investigate five signs of AID (recurrent fever, arthritis, breed specific secondary dermatitis, otitis and systemic reactive amyloidosis) in a canine comparative model, the pure bred Chinese Shar-Pei. Analysis of 255 DNA samples revealed a shared locus on chromosome 13 spanning two peaks of association. A three-marker haplotype based on the most significant SNP (p<2.6x10(-8)) from each analysis showed that one haplotypic pair (H13-11) was present in the majority of AID individuals, implicating this as a shared risk factor for all phenotypes. We also noted that a genetic signature (F-ST) distinguishing the phenotypic extremes of the breed specific Chinese Shar-Pei thick and wrinkled skin, flanked the chromosome 13 AID locus; suggesting that breed development and differentiation has played a parallel role in the genetics of breed fitness. Intriguingly, a potential modifier locus for amyloidosis was revealed on chromosome 14, and an investigation of candidate genes from both this and the chromosome 13 regions revealed significant (p<0.05) renal differential expression in four genes previously implicated in kidney or immune health (AOAH, ELMO1, HAS2 and IL6). These results illustrate that phenotypic heterogeneity need not be a reflection of genetic heterogeneity, and that genetic modifiers of disease could be masked if syndromes were not first considered as individual clinical signs and then as a sum of their component parts.
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| 22. |
- Reuterswärd, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of human proteins in plasma as indicators for acute severe pediatric malaria
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundExisting low resource diagnostics for malaria infection suffer from sensitivity and specificity issues while lacking sufficient prognostic value. Identifying human host proteins could improve the possibilities to predict the risk of development of acute severe malaria. This will possible enable improved treatment and thereby lead to a decrease in mortality of malaria infected children. Furthermore, discovering host proteins with altered levels during active infection could generate leads to better understand host-parasite interaction.ResultsHere, we have analyzed a total of 541 pediatric plasma samples that were collected from community controls and individuals with mild or severe malaria in Rwanda. Protein profiles of these plasma samples were generated with an antibody-based suspension bead array containing 255 antibodies targeting 115 human proteins. We present 22 proteins with a strong discriminatory capacity (adjusted p-values below 10-19) for separating malaria cases from community controls. This panel of proteins contains among others acute phase proteins and proteins connected to cell adhesion and migration. Among these, three proteins showed lower plasma levels in the group of malaria-infected individuals compared to the control group. One of these proteins is the anti-adhesive secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) with possible connections to parasite cytoadhesion. A multi-protein panel of six proteins, including SPARC, could differentiate between controls and malaria cases with an AUC of 0.98. Furthermore, a panel of 37 proteins, including proteins associated to erythrocyte membranes, was identified as candidates for separation of mild and severe malaria patients (adjusted pvalues below 0.05).ConclusionThe herein identified set of human proteins has a significant discriminatory capacity between community controls and malaria cases. We also present proteins offering the possibility to enable stratification and risk prediction for the development of severe malaria. This constitutes an important set that could enable enhanced understanding and thereby also possibilities for better treatment of acute severe pediatric malaria.
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| 23. |
- Reuterswärd, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of human proteins in plasma associated with acute paediatric malaria
- 2018
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : BMC. - 1475-2875. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intimate interaction between the pathophysiology of the human host and the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite results in a wide spectrum of disease outcomes in malaria. Development of severe disease is associated with a progressively augmented imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to high parasite loads and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes. Although these phenomena collectively constitute common denominators for the wide variety of discrete severe malaria manifestations, the mechanistic rationales behind discrepancies in outcome are poorly understood. Exploration of the human pathophysiological response by variations in protein profiles in plasma presents an excellent opportunity to increase the understanding. This is ultimately required for better prediction, prevention and treatment of malaria, which is essential for ongoing elimination and eradication efforts. Results: An affinity proteomics approach was used to analyse 541 paediatric plasma samples collected from community controls and patients with mild or severe malaria in Rwanda. Protein profiles were generated with an antibody-based suspension bead array containing 255 antibodies targetting 115 human proteins. Here, 57 proteins were identified with significantly altered levels (adjusted p-values<0.001) in patients with malaria compared to controls. From these, the 27 most significant proteins (adjusted p-values<10(-14)) were selected for a stringent analysis approach. Here, 24 proteins showed elevated levels in malaria patients and included proteins involved in acute inflammatory response as well as cell adhesion. The remaining three proteins, also implicated in immune regulation and cellular adhesivity, displayed lower abundance in malaria patients. In addition, 37 proteins (adjusted p-values<0.05) were identified with increased levels in patients with severe compared to mild malaria. This set includes, proteins involved in tissue remodelling and erythrocyte membrane proteins. Collectively, this approach has been successfully used to identify proteins both with known and unknown association with different stages of malaria. Conclusion: In this study, a high-throughput affinity proteomics approach was used to find protein profiles in plasma linked to P. falciparum infection and malaria disease progression. The proteins presented herein are mainly involved in inflammatory response, cellular adhesion and as constituents of erythrocyte membrane. These findings have a great potential to provide increased conceptual understanding of host-parasite interaction and malaria pathogenesis.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Robertsson, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Human based sensor systems for safety assessment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International conference on computational intelligence for homeland security and personal safety, 2005. CIHSPS 2005. - 0780391764 ; , s. 137-142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the assumption that sensor system for personal use has optimal performance if coherent with the human perception system. Therefore, we provide arguments for this idea by demonstrating two examples. The first example is a personal taste sensor for use in finding abnormal ingredients in food. The second application is a mobile sniffing system, coherent with the behavior of a biological system when detecting unwanted material in hidden structures, e.g. explosives in a traveling bag
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Wilhelmsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition and characterization of magnetic Ti–Fe–C nanocomposite thin films
- 2010
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 518:10, s. 2607-2616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocomposite (Ti1−xFex)Cy films with different compositions have been deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at 450 °C. The sputtered films could dissolve as much as 20–30 at.% of Fe on the Ti sites which is far above the maximum solid solubility at equilibrium. The solubility was dependent on the carbon content and more carbon-rich films could dissolve more Fe without the formation of Fe-precipitates. The addition of Fe also reduced the grain size of the carbide particles. Upon annealing, α-Fe starts to precipitate and the amount and size of these precipitates can be controlled by the annealing procedure and from the total composition of the as-deposited films. Mechanical and tribological studies show that some compositions of the (Ti1−xFex)Cy films have very good wear-resistant properties. These results together with magnetization measurements suggest that Ti–Fe–C films can be used as a wear-resistant magnetic thin film material.
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