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| 3. |
- Mörte Alling, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Introduction to Part 1 : Beyond Nations. Engaging Literary Histories
- 2018
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In: World Literatures : Exploring the Cosmopolitan-Vernacular Exchange - Exploring the Cosmopolitan-Vernacular Exchange. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-0163. - 9789176350799 - 9789176350775 - 9789176350782 - 9789176350768 ; :3, s. 15-18
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Ahlqvist Lindqvist, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric assessment of the Swedish version of the injustice experience questionnaire among patients with chronic pain
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 21:4, s. 732-742
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectivesThe use of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) in psychological assessment of individuals with chronic pain is supported by research. The psychometric properties of the Swedish version, the IEQ-S, has not yet been evaluated. Hence, the aim was to investigate structural validity, and concurrent criterion validity of the IEQ-S against the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-SW), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression module (PHQ-9), and the Generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also studied.MethodsSixty-five participants, referred to a University hospital, with a pain duration over three months were consecutively sampled. They completed the IEQ-S at admission and again within six weeks. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the study of structural validity. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Internal consistency reliability for the full IEQ-S was calculated using the Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was calculated using an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe median total score (0–48, where high scores indicate high levels of injustice) at admission (test 1) was 27.0 (n=64), 25th percentile=15.3, 75th percentile=37.8, range=3–48 points. A one-factor model was supported with item-loadings between 0.67–0.92. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the IEQ-S and the WAI (n=56) was r S =−0.46; the PCS-SW (n=63) was r S =0.68, the PHQ-9 (n=64) was r S =0.50 and the GAD-7 (n=64) was r S =0.57, p<0.01. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 (n=64). The ICC was 0.80 (n=55), with a 95% confidence interval, ranging between 0.69–0.88.ConclusionsOur study supported structural validity and concurrent criterion validity of the IEQ-S against other measures of psychological constructs and work ability. It also supported the internal consistency reliability of the IEQ-S and the test-retest reliability with a retest interval up to six weeks, was good. These findings support the use of the IEQ-S as an adjunct tool to assess appraisals of injustice in patients with chronic pain who are referred to tertiary care in Sweden. The added value might be identification of those who are at risk for slow or no improvement in their pain condition over time, and sick-leave, but this has to be confirmed in future studies.
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| 6. |
- Althini, Sanna, et al.
(author)
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Normal Nigrostriatal Innervation but Dopamine Dysfunction in Mice Carrying Hypomorphic Tyrosine Hydroxylase Alleles
- 2003
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In: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 72:4, s. 444-453
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the use of the mouse tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene to drive knock-in constructs in catecholaminergic neurons. Two targeting constructs representing truncated forms of either of the BMP receptors ALK-2 or BMPR-II preceded by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) were introduced into the 3' untranslated region of TH. An frt-flanked neomycin-resistance (neo(r)) cassette was placed in the 3' end of the targeting constructs. Mice homozygous for the knock-in alleles showed various degrees of hypokinetic behavior, depending mainly on whether the neo(r) cassette was removed. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that TH mRNA and protein were variously down-regulated in these mouse strains. Reduced levels of dopamine and noradrenalin were found in several brain areas. However, number and morphology of neurons in substantia nigra and their projections to striatum appeared normal in the neo(r)-positive TH hypomorphic mice as examined by markers for L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and the dopamine transporter. Elimination of the neo(r) cassette from the knock-in alleles partially restored TH and dopamine levels. The present neo(r)-positive TH hypomorphic mice show that nigrostriatal innervation develops independently of TH and should find use as a model for conditions of reduced catecholamine synthesis, as seen in, for example, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine-responsive dystonia/infantile parkinsonism.
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| 9. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Hardness or Resignation : How Emotional Challenges During Work‑Based Education Influence the Professional Becoming of Medical Students and Student Teachers
- 2023
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In: Vocations and Learning. - : Springer Nature. - 1874-785X .- 1874-7868.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses how emotionally challenging experiences during work-basededucation may influence the professional becoming of student teachers and medicalstudents. We conducted a qualitative analysis of eight focus group interviewswith undergraduates from two universities in Sweden who studied to become eitherphysicians or teachers, and interpreted their experiences through Wenger’s theory ofcommunities of practice. The findings show that students’ ideal view of how to becaring in their aspiring professional role as physician or teacher collided with existingpractices, which affected them emotionally. In particular, the students found itchallenging when norms and practices differed from their values of professionalismand when the professional culture within practices reflected hardness (physicians) orresignation (teachers). Both medical students and student teachers experienced thatprofessional decision making and legitimacy challenged them emotionally, howeverin different ways and for different reasons. This study makes visible both generaland specific aspects of how students view their future role in the welfare sector andchallenging dimensions of professional practice. The findings bring into focus thequestion of how professional education can support students’ professional becomingin relation to their emotional challenges.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, U. W., et al.
(author)
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Validation and development of MTH1 inhibitors for treatment of cancer
- 2016
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In: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 27:12, s. 2275-2283
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previously, we showed cancer cells rely on the MTH1 protein to prevent incorporation of otherwise deadly oxidised nucleotides into DNA and we developed MTH1 inhibitors which selectively kill cancer cells. Recently, several new and potent inhibitors of MTH1 were demonstrated to be non-toxic to cancer cells, challenging the utility of MTH1 inhibition as a target for cancer treatment. Material and methods: Human cancer cell lines were exposed in vitro to MTH1 inhibitors or depleted of MTH1 by siRNA or shRNA. 8-oxodG was measured by immunostaining and modified comet assay. Thermal Proteome profiling, proteomics, cellular thermal shift assays, kinase and CEREP panel were used for target engagement, mode of action and selectivity investigations of MTH1 inhibitors. Effect of MTH1 inhibition on tumour growth was explored in BRAF V600E-mutated malignant melanoma patient derived xenograft and human colon cancer SW480 and HCT116 xenograft models. Results: Here, we demonstrate that recently described MTH1 inhibitors, which fail to kill cancer cells, also fail to introduce the toxic oxidized nucleotides into DNA. We also describe a new MTH1 inhibitor TH1579, (Karonudib), an analogue of TH588, which is a potent, selective MTH1 inhibitor with good oral availability and demonstrates excellent pharmacokinetic and anti-cancer properties in vivo. Conclusion: We demonstrate that in order to kill cancer cells MTH1 inhibitors must also introduce oxidized nucleotides into DNA. Furthermore, we describe TH1579 as a best-in-class MTH1 inhibitor, which we expect to be useful in order to further validate the MTH1 inhibitor concept.
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| 11. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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In: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 12. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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In: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 13. |
- Blomberg, Karin, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Translating the Patient Dignity Inventory
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Palliative Nursing. - : Pensord Press Ltd.. - 1357-6321 .- 2052-286X. ; 25:7, s. 334-343
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) is based on an empirically-driven dignity model that has been developed and used for clinically assessing the various sources of dignity-related distress. In a recent review, it received the highest score as a useful instrument in both practice and research in palliative care. The PDI has been adapted to and validated for use in various countries, but not yet Sweden.AIMS: To translate the PDI into Swedish, including cultural adaptation for clinical use.METHODS: A multi-step process of translation, negotiated consensus, expert group discussion (n=7: four invited experts and three researchers) and cognitive interviewing (n=7: persons with palliative care needs).FINDINGS: Discussion, by the expert reviewers, of both linguistic and cultural issues regarding the content and readability of the translated Swedish version resulted in revisions of items and response alternatives, focusing mainly on semantic, conceptual, and experiential equivalence. A pilot version for cognitive interviews was produced. The analysis of data showed that most of the items were judged to be relevant by the persons with palliative care needs.CONCLUSION: The process of translation and adaptation added clarity and consistency. The Swedish version of the PDI can be used in assessing dignity-related distress. The next step will be to test this Swedish version for psychometric properties in a larger group of patients with palliative care needs before use in research.
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| 14. |
- Brocker, Ann, et al.
(author)
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Intervju med f.d. folkeskollärare Vigo Edvardsson, Broby
- 1983
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Interview with Vigo Edvarsson, formerly elementary-school teacher, from Broby. The interview was conducted by some students of the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Borås, on September 13, 1983.
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| 18. |
- Collins, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Bridging different realities-a qualitative study on patients' experiences of preoperative care for benign hysterectomy and opportunistic salpingectomy in Sweden
- 2020
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In: BMC Women's Health. - : BMC. - 1472-6874. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hysterectomy is a common procedure worldwide and removing healthy fallopian tubes at the time of hysterectomy (opportunistic salpingectomy) to possibly prevent ovarian cancer is increasing in frequency, but still controversial. The experiences and perceptions of women, eligible for the procedure, have not been previously investigated. This study aims to, among women waiting to undergo hysterectomy, explore i) experiences and perceptions of self and healthcare in relation to their elective surgery, ii) perceptions of risks and benefits of hysterectomy, including opportunistic salpingectomy.Methods: A qualitative study, with focus group discussions including women < 55 years, planned for hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, was performed. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from six gynecological departments in different parts of Sweden, including both country and university hospitals. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative manifest and latent content analysis.Results: Twenty-one Swedish-speaking women participated. They were 40-53 years of age, reported varying educational levels, countries of birth and indications for hysterectomy. Analysis rendered a theme "Bridging different realities" over four categories: "Being a woman today", "Experiencing and managing body failure", "Navigating the healthcare system" and "Processing continuously until surgery", including 17 subcategories. The participants displayed varying attitudes towards the significance of their uterus in being a woman. A vague understanding of their body was described, leading to fear related to the reasons for surgery as well as surgery itself. Participants described difficulties understanding and recalling information but also stated that insufficient information was provided. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy varied. Involvement in decisions regarding the hysterectomy and potential opportunistic salpingectomy was perceived to be dependent on the counselling gynecologist.Conclusions: The theme Bridging different realities captures the complexity of women deciding on removal of their uterus, and possibly fallopian tubes. It also describes the women's interactions with healthcare and perceived difference between the health professionals and the women's perception of the situation, as viewed by the women. Bridging the different realities faced by patients is required to enable shared decision-making, through sufficient support from healthcare.
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| 21. |
- Eltahir, Mohamed, et al.
(author)
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An Adaptable Antibody-Based Platform for Flexible Synthetic Peptide Delivery Built on Agonistic CD40 Antibodies
- 2022
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In: Advanced Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 2366-3987. ; 5:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The agonistic potentials of therapeutic anti-CD40 antibodies have been profiled in relation to antibody isotype and epitope specificity. Still, clinical impact relies on a well-balanced clinical efficacy versus target-mediated toxicity. As CD40-mediated immune activation must rely on a combination of stimulation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) alongside antigen presentation, for efficient T cell priming, alternative approaches to improve the therapeutic outcome of CD40-targeting strategies should focus on providing optimal antigen presentation together with CD40 stimulation. Herein, a bispecific antibody targeting CD40 as a means to deliver cargo (i.e., synthetic peptides) into APCs through a non-covalent, high-affinity interaction between the antibody and the cargo peptide, further referred to as the Adaptable Drug Affinity Conjugate (ADAC) technology, has been developed. The ADAC platform demonstrated a target-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expansion in vitro and significantly improved peptide-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation in vivo. In addition, the strategy dramatically improved the in vitro and in vivo half-life of the synthetic peptides. Future applications of ADAC involve pandemic preparedness to viral genetic drift as well as neoepitope vaccination strategies where the bispecific antibody is an off-the-shelf product, and the peptide antigen is synthesized based on next-generation sequencing data mining.
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| 22. |
- Enoksson, Helen, et al.
(author)
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Studier i en främmande skolkultur
- 2019
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In: Didaktisk utvecklingsdialog. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144125749 ; , s. 49-66
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 23. |
- Geijer, Mats, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Registry 5-year Followup : Substantial Radiographic Progression Mainly in Men with High Disease Activity and Development of Dactylitis
- 2015
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In: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 42:11, s. 2110-2117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To describe early radiographic findings in patients from the Swedish psoriatic arthritis (SwePsA) registry, progression of destruction, correlations with clinical disease variables, and predictors of destruction. Methods. Hand and foot radiographs were available for 72 of 197 SwePsA patients followed for 5 years. Clinical data were collected according to the SwePsA protocol. Results. Disease characteristics and clinical improvement were similar in men and women. Radiographic abnormalities were more pronounced in men. Total Wassenberg radiographic score at baseline was 0 in 45% of men and 51% of women. One man and one woman had a score >10. At 5 years, total score was 0 in 14% of men and 40% of women (p = 0.018); 17% of men and 7% of women had scores >10. Mean total scores for men and women had increased. Baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate was associated with baseline total radiographic score. In men, swollen joint count was positively, and in women tender joint count negatively, correlated to total radiographic score. After 5 years, only male scores, mainly hand scores, significantly correlated with 28-joint Disease Activity Score and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis scores, swollen joint count, and dactylitis. Achieving remission or minimal disease activity after 5 years protected against structural damage, mainly in men. Conclusion. Radiographic progression in early PsA was generally slow but substantial. Male sex appears to be a risk factor for early radiographic damage while the presence of baseline radiographic damage and dactylitis developing during followup seem to predict further destruction. Hand and foot radiograph scoring cannot be substituted with clinical signs.
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| 24. |
- Hall, Sara, et al.
(author)
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CSF biomarkers and clinical progression of Parkinson disease.
- 2015
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In: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 84:1, s. 57-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate whether certain CSF biomarkers at baseline can predict future progression of motor symptoms and cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).
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| 25. |
- Holstad, Ylva, et al.
(author)
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Breastfeeding in primiparous women with congenital heart disease : a register study
- 2024
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In: International Breastfeeding Journal. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1746-4358. ; 19:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe number of pregnant women with congenital heart disease (CHD) is rising, and the disease poses increased risks of cardiovascular and obstetric complications during pregnancy, potentially impacting breastfeeding success. This study aimed to investigate breastfeeding in primiparous women with CHD compared to primiparous women without CHD, and to examine potential hindering factors for breastfeeding in women with CHD.MethodsThe data were gathered between 2014 and 2019 and obtained by merging the Swedish Congenital Heart Disease Register (SWEDCON) with the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Primiparous women ≥ 18 years of age with CHD (n = 578) were matched by age and municipality to 3049 women without CHD, giving birth after 22 gestational weeks. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with non-breastfeeding in women with CHD.ResultsFewer women with CHD breastfed than women without CHD two days (94% vs. 97%, p = 0.001) and four weeks after birth (84% vs. 89%, p = 0.006). When all women were analysed, having CHD was associated with non-breastfeeding at both two days and four weeks after birth. For women with CHD, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4, 7.3), preterm birth (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.1, 19.0), self-reported history of psychiatric illness (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2, 5.1), small for gestational age (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.4, 12.2), and New York Heart Association Stages of Heart Failure class II − III (OR 6.0; 95% CI 1.4, 26.7) were associated with non-breastfeeding two days after birth. Four weeks after birth, factors associated with non-breastfeeding were BMI ≥ 30 (OR 4.3; 95% CI 2.1, 9.0), self-reported history of psychiatric illness (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2, 4.2), and preterm birth (OR 8.9; 95% CI 2.8, 27.9).ConclusionsThe study shows that most women with CHD breastfeed, however, at a slightly lower proportion compared to women without CHD. In addition, factors related to the heart disease were not associated with non-breastfeeding four weeks after birth. Since preterm birth, BMI ≥ 30, and psychiatric illness are associated with non-breastfeeding, healthcare professionals should provide greater support to women with CHD having these conditions.
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| 26. |
- Holstad, Ylva, et al.
(author)
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Self-rated health in primiparous women with congenital heart disease before, during and after pregnancy : a register study
- 2023
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In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 58:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Poor maternal self-rated health in healthy women is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, but knowledge about self-rated health in pregnant women with congenital heart disease (CHD) is sparse. This study, therefore, investigated self-rated health before, during, and after pregnancy in women with CHD and factors associated with poor self-rated health.Methods: The Swedish national registers for CHD and pregnancy were merged and searched for primiparous women with data on self-rated health; 600 primiparous women with CHD and 3062 women in matched controls. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: Women with CHD equally often rated their health as poor as the controls before (15.5% vs. 15.8%, p = .88), during (29.8% vs. 26.8% p = .13), and after pregnancy (18.8% vs. 17.6% p = .46). None of the factors related to heart disease were associated with poor self-rated health. Instead, factors associated with poor self-rated health during pregnancy in women with CHD were ≤12 years of education (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2–2.4) and self-reported history of psychiatric illness (OR 12.6, 95%CI 1.4–3.4). After pregnancy, solely self-reported history of psychiatric illness (OR 5.2, 95%CI 1.1–3.0) was associated with poor self-rated health.Conclusion: Women with CHD reported poor self-rated health comparable to controls before, during, and after pregnancy, and factors related to heart disease were not associated with poor self-rated health. Knowledge about self-rated health may guide professionals in reproductive counselling for women with CHD. Further research is required on how pregnancy affects self-rated health for the group in a long-term perspective.
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| 27. |
- Höckertin, Chatrine, 1964-
(author)
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Organisational characteristics and psychosocial working conditions in different forms of ownership
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main aim of this thesis has been to compare psychosocial working conditions in workplaces with different forms of ownership, i.e. public, private and cooperative. A second aim has been to study how organisational characteristics of relevance for psychosocial working conditions (in terms of management control strategies and prerequisites for management) are manifested in these ownership forms. The empirical data is based on structured interviews with managers at 60 workplaces within the service sector and on a questionnaire to all employees working in the participating workplaces, resulting in a set of 1384 individuals. An additional seven interviews with first-line managers within geriatric care were also conducted for the last study. The results show that employees in cooperatives perceived that they had better opportunities to influence decisions concerning the workplace as a whole, although there were also results showing advantages for public and private employees. Regarding opportunities for employees to influence their own work situation, there were no differences between the ownership forms. Differences were found in the prerequisites for first-line geriatric care managers. As a result of an earlier organisational change, the public managers were now further away from the strategic level and had to focus on daily, operative work tasks, while simultaneously also being responsible for keeping within the budget. The private managers, on the other hand, having group leaders to deal with the daily work concerning personnel and operations, could focus more on strategic work related to financial results in terms of planning and follow-up of the budget. One conclusion is that there are certain differences in both psychosocial working conditions and organisational characteristics between the ownership forms, but when the comparisons were restricted to only one type of service, in this case the provision of care, it is rather the similarities within the care organisations, regardless of ownership form, that are most pronounced.
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| 28. |
- Høyer, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Health-related quality of life among women with breast cancer : a population-based study
- 2011
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 50:7, s. 1015-1026
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: High incidence rates of breast cancer emphasize the importance of increased knowledge about the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this patient group. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare HRQoL among breast cancer patients shortly after diagnosis with normative data from the general population, and to investigate how clinical, demographic, and socio-economic factors and social support are associated with HRQoL. Material and methods:Participants were identified in a population-based Breast Cancer Quality Register in central Sweden. Of 1573 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer during a one-year period (2007 – 2008), 69% (n =1086) completed a questionnaire including the EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23 and the HADS.Results: Compared to age-adjusted normative data, breast cancer patients (mean age 62 years, range 25–94), especially younger women (<50 years), experienced clinically meaningful poorer HRQoL. Clinically significant levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were found among 14% and 6% of the patients, respectively. Factors associated with more problems/symptoms among study participants included chemotherapy, lack of social support, sick leave and a poor financial situation. Adding socio-economic factors diminished the association between age and HRQoL (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Recently diagnosed breast cancer patients reported poorer HRQoL in several dimensions compared to normative data. In addition to clinical and demographic factors, an unfavorable socio-economic standing was associated with more problems/symptoms. The present findings emphasize the importance of taking a variety of factors into account when assessing HRQoL in the clinical setting.
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| 29. |
- Jónsdóttir, Hafdís, et al.
(author)
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Ett cirkulärt system för emballageplastfrån byggindustrin steg 2 (CirEm steg 2)
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Byggprodukter är det näst största användningsområdet för plast efter förpackningar. Byggindustrin använder dessutom en stor mängd plastförpackningar men endast en liten del av plastavfallet från denna industrigren materialåtervinns. Sedan 2020 ska enligt lag all plast från byggnation och rivning sorteras ut separat i minst en fraktion men för att uppnå en mer hållbar plastanvändning samt ökad och kvalitativ materialåtervinning behöver plasten sorteras i flera fraktioner och samlas in så att materialet kan återvinnas och användas i nya produkter. Projektet CirEm steg 2 (”Ett cirkulärt system för emballageplast från byggindustrin steg 2”) är finansierat av Energimyndigheten inom ramen för innovationsprogrammet RE:Source och genomfört av Chalmers Industriteknik och RISE tillsammans med 14 projektdeltagare i form av byggföretag, byggfackhandel, avfallsentreprenörer, återvinnare, plastproducenter, fastighetsägare, arkitekter, branchorganisationer och IT-företag. Målet med projektet är att utveckla och testa ett effektivt insamlings- och återvinningssystem för plastemballage från byggindustrin. Projektet har undersökt och identifierat möjligheter och utmaningar med att samla in och återvinna plastemballage och annan mjukplast som avfall från byggarbetsplatser och byggfackhandel. Genom olika insamlingsförsök har projektet visat på hur avfallet bör sorteras vid källan för att förbättra kvaliteten på den sekundära plastråvaran. Försök där sekundär plastråvara tagits fram och sedan använts vid produkttillverkning har visat på hur sådan plast som insamlats kan hitta olika avsättningsområden. Den transparanta plasten kunde exempelvis användas till plasthuvar och den färgade till virkestäckfilm och säckar. Projektet har visat att det fungerar bra att producera högkvalitativa plastprodukter baserade på sekundär plastråvara från plastemballage men att kvalitetsaspekten hänger tätt ihop med hur plastavfallet samlas in och hanteras. Det finns därför goda möjligheter att nå ett högt värdebevarande men för att skapa ett effektivt insamlings- och återvinningssystem för plastemballage och annan mjukplast från byggindustrin behöver det fortsatt arbetas med att förbättra sorteringen vid källan samt att öka medvetenheten om möjligheterna för återvinning. En utmaning i detta sammanhang är att avfallsgenererare och de aktörer som lämnar ifrån sig plastavfallet i dagsläget inte ser tillräckliga ekonomiska incitament för att sortera plastemballage och annan mjukplast i mer än en fraktion. Kostnadsbilden för de som står med avfallet behöver därför förändras för att skapa större drivkrafter till en utökad sortering och därmed ett högre värdebevarande.
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| 30. |
- Kottorp, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Access to and use of everyday technology among older people : An occupational justice issue – but for whom?
- 2016
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In: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 23:3, s. 382-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research into older people's use of remote controls, mobile phones, digital home appliances, and computerized communication systems reveals that many have difficulty accessing and using these everyday technologies. By using occupational justice theory as a lens onto this technological development, we argue in this commentary that critical analysis of the findings from an occupational perspective reveals systematic injustices that disadvantage certain sectors of the older population. In particular we propose that, contrary to what might be expected, diagnosis or disability is not the sole marker for a vulnerable population at high risk of occupational injustices. Rather, the empirical findings support that other aspects (e.g., economic, educational) may also be influencing both everyday technology access and use among the older population. In light of these concerns, we argue that (a) occupation-centred outcome measures are needed to target everyday technology populations at risk of occupational injustices, and (b) future studies evaluating the access and use of everyday technology among older people must also monitor and target socio-demographic diversities.
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| 31. |
- Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena, et al.
(author)
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Living with chronic illness
- 2009
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In: The 2nd International Research Seminar on Salutogenesis.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To study differences between two groups, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), regarding sense of coherence (SOC), General Self-efficacy (GSE), and quality of life (QoL) as well as relationships between these variables. Design: Descriptive, comparative and correlative design. Sample: A Swedish sample of 100 patients (59 CHF and 41 ESRD) was included. The mean age was 68 years (46 – 80 years). Measures: Data were collected with the SOC, the GSE and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSQ). Age, sex, educational level and living area were also examined. Data analysis: Differences were tested with chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test and correlations with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Both SOC (r=0.58, P<0.01) and GSE (r=0.46, P=<0.01) were positively correlated with LSQ. No significant differences between the two groups were found for the study variables. Older persons (>65 years) rated their personal relationships within QoL higher (P=0.045) and older ESRD patients their SOC stronger (P=0.049). Men with CHF rated their self-efficacy higher (P=0.034).Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that it seems more important how the individual tackle their present situation than what chronic illness they have.
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| 32. |
- Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Relationships between coping, coping resources and quality of life in patients with chronic illness : a pilot study
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:3, s. 476-483
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden there are approximately about 3500 end-stage renal disease and 250 000 chronic heart failure patients. Objectives: The original purpose of the study was to determine differences between two groups of patients with chronic illness (end-stage renal disease and chronic heart failure) regarding the following study variables: coping, sense of coherence, self-efficacy and quality of life. Following this, the aim was to explore the relationships between demographic variables (sex, age, educational level and living area) and quality of life as well as between coping, sense of coherence, self-efficacy and quality of life for the combined sample of patients with end-stage renal disease and chronic heart failure.Methods: A comparative and correlative design was used with a sample of 100 patients (n=41 end-stage renal disease, n=59 chronic heart failure). The data were collected during 2004, using four standardized questionnaires and regression analyses were conducted.Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups. Positive correlations were identified between sense of coherence, general self-efficacy and quality of life, whereas negative correlations emerge between emotion-focused coping, sense of coherence, general self-efficacy and quality of life. Sense of coherence, general self-efficacy and emotion-focused coping explained 40% of the variance in quality of life. Those with low sense of coherence and general self-efficacy showed negative correlations between emotion-focused coping and quality of life, whereas no such correlations were shown for those with high values on sense of coherence and general self-efficacy. Conclusions: The present results on coping and quality of life correspond with previous research regarding how other groups with chronic illness handled their daily life. Preliminary results indicate that how individuals tackle their present situation is more important than which chronic illness they have. Women used more emotion-focused coping than men, which constitute an important finding for further research.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Kwasek, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Production of recombinant human alpha(1)-microglobulin and mutant forms involved in chromophore formation
- 2007
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In: Protein Expression and Purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-5928. ; 53:1, s. 145-152
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- alpha-Microglobulin, a 26 kDa lipocalin present in plasma and tissues, carries a set of unknown chromophores, bound to C34, K92, KI 18 and KI 30, which cause its charge and size heterogeneity. In man, the protein is found in two forms, full length and lacking the C-terminal tetrapeptide LIPR (t-alpha(1)-microglobulin), both which are heme-binding and the latter with heme-degrading properties. We report cloning and overexpression of full length alpha(1)-microglobulin (wt protein), t-alpha(1)-microglobulin (wtz LIPR) and the mutants C34S, K(92,118,130)T and C34S/K(92,118,130)T, the latter subsequently abbreviated as K(3)T and C34S/K(3)T, in Escherichia coli. After purification and refolding from inclusion bodies, all proteins were correctly folded as determined by far-UV circular dichroism and radioimmunoassay. As revealed by gel filtration, recombinant alpha(1)-microglobulins had lower tendencies to form dimers than human plasma or urine analogues. All alpha(1)-microglobulin forms displayed higher amounts of the chromophore than bovine serum albumin but significantly lower than the human urine or plasma counterparts. Differences in the absorbance and fluorescence profiles are consistent with a model where the chromophore is formed by a series of reactions with heme or other chromophore precursors and where C34 is essential for binding of the ligand, K92, KI 18 and K130 are involved in transformation into the chromophore and LIPR inhibits the latter reaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced Brain Delivery of the Opioid Peptide DAMGO in Glutathione PEGylated Liposomes : A Microdialysis Study
- 2013
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In: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 10:5, s. 1533-1541
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glutathione PEGylated (GSH-PEG) liposomes were evaluated for their ability to enhance and prolong blood-to-brain drug delivery of the opioid peptide DAMGO (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol). An intravenous loading dose of DAMGO followed by a 2 h constant rate infusion was administered to rats, and after a washout period of 1 h, GSH-PEG liposomal DAMGO was administered using a similar dosing regimen. DAMGO and GSH-PEG liposomal DAMGO were also administered as a 10 min infusion to compare the disposition of the two formulations. Microdialysis made it possible to determine free DAMGO in brain and plasma, while the GSH-PEG liposomal encapsulated DAMGO was measured with regular plasma sampling. The antinociceptive effect of DAMGO was determined with the tail-flick method. All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The short infusion of DAMGO resulted in a fast decline of the peptide concentration in plasma with a half-life of 9.2 ± 2.1 min. Encapsulation in GSH-PEG liposomes prolonged the half-life to 6.9 ± 2.3 h. Free DAMGO entered the brain to a limited extent with a steady state ratio between unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial fluid and in blood (Kp,uu) of 0.09 ± 0.04. GSH-PEG liposomes significantly increased the brain exposure of DAMGO to a Kp,uu of 0.21 ± 0.17 (p < 0.05). By monitoring the released, active substance in both blood and brain interstitial fluid over time, we were able to demonstrate that GSH-PEG liposomes offer a promising platform for enhancing and prolonging the delivery of drugs to the brain.
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| 36. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Factors Causing Low Brain penetration of the Opioid Peptide DAMGO through Experimental Methods and Modeling
- 2016
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In: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 13:4, s. 1258-1266
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To advance the development of peptide analogues for improved treatment of pain, we need to learn more about the blood brain barrier transport of these substances. A low penetration into the brain, with an unbound brain to blood ratio, K-p,K-uu, of 0.08, is an important reason for the lack of effect of the enkephalin analogue DAMGO (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol) according to earlier findings. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of efflux transporters, metabolism in the brain, and/or elimination through interstitial fluid bulk flow for the brain exposure of DAMGO. The in vivo brain distribution of DAMGO was evaluated using microdialysis in the rat. Data were analyzed with population modeling which resulted in a clearance into the brain of 1.1 and an efflux clearance 14 mu L/min/g_brain. The efflux clearance was thus much higher than the bulk flow known from the literature. Coadministration with the efflux transporter inhibitors cyclosporin A and elacridar in vivo did not affect K-p,K-uu. The permeability of DAMGO in the Caco-2 assay was very low, of the same size as mannitol. The efflux ratio was <2 and not influenced by cyclosporin A or elacridar. These results indicate that the well-known efflux transporters Pgp and Bcrp are not responsible for the higher efflux of DAMGO, which opens up for an important role of other transporters at the BBB.
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| 37. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
In vivo Functional Evaluation of Increased Brain Delivery of the Opioid Peptide DAMGO by Glutathione-PEGylated Liposomes
- 2016
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In: Pharmaceutical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0724-8741 .- 1573-904X. ; 33:1, s. 177-185
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate formulation factors causing improvement in brain delivery of a small peptide after encapsulation into a targeted nanocarrier in vivo.Methods:The evaluation was performed in rats using microdialysis, which enabled continuous sampling of the released drug in both the brain (striatum) and blood. Uptake in brain could thereby be studied in terms of therapeutically active, released drug.Results:We found that encapsulation of the peptide DAMGO in fast-releasing polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated liposomes, either with or without the specific brain targeting ligand glutathione (GSH), doubled the uptake of DAMGO into the rat brain. The increased brain delivery was observed only when the drug was encapsulated into the liposomes, thus excluding any effects of the liposomes themselves on the blood-brain barrier integrity as a possible mechanism. The addition of a GSH coating on the liposomes did not result in an additional increase in DAMGO concentrations in the brain, in contrast to earlier studies on GSH coating. This may be caused by differences in the characteristics of the encapsulated compounds and the composition of the liposome formulations. Conclusions:We were able to show that encapsulation into PEGylated liposomes of a peptide with limited brain delivery could double the drug uptake into the brain without using a specific brain targeting ligand.
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| 38. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Isolation of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) α1-microglobulin : Conservation of structure and chromophore
- 1999
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In: BBA - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. - 0167-4838. ; 1430:2, s. 222-233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cDNA coding for plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) α1-microglobulin (Leaver et al., 1994, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 108B, 275-281) was expressed and purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells. Specific monoclonal antibodies were then prepared and used to isolate the protein from plaice liver and serum. Mature 28.5 kDa α1-microglobulin was found in both liver and serum. The protein consisted of an 184 amino acid peptide with a complex N-glycan in position Asn123, one intrachain disulfide bridge and a yellow-brown chromophore. Physicochemical characterization indicated a globular shape with a frictional ratio of 1.37, electrophoretic charge-heterogeneity and antiparallel β-sheet structure. A smaller, incompletely glycosylated, yellow-brown α1-microglobulin as well as a 45 kDa precursor protein were also found in liver. The chromophore was found to be linked to α1-microglobulin intracellularly. Recombinant plaice α1-microglobulin isolated from insect cells had the same N-terminal sequence, globular shape and yellow-brown color as mature α1-microglobulin, but carried a smaller, fucosylated, non-sialylated N-glycan in the Asn123 position. The concentration of α1-microglobulin in plaice serum was 20 mg/l and it was found both as a 28.5 kDa component and as high molecular weight components. Thus, the size, shape, charge and color of plaice α1-microglobulin were similar to mammalian α1-microglobulin, indicating a high degree of structural conservation between fish and human α1-microglobulin. The monoclonal antibodies against plaice α1-microglobulin cross-reacted with human α1-microglobulin, emphasizing the structural similarity. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 39. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Pharmacokinetic Considerations of Nanodelivery to the Brain : Using Modeling and Simulations to Predict Outcome of Liposomal Formulations
- 2016
-
In: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 92, s. 173-182
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of nanocarriers is an intriguing solution to increase the brain delivery of novel therapeutics. The aim of this paper was to use pharmacokinetic analysis and simulations to identify key factors that determine the effective drug concentration-time profile at the target site in the brain. Model building and simulations were based on experimental data obtained from the administration of the opioid peptide DAMGO in glutathione tagged PEGylated liposomes to rats. Different pharmacokinetic models were investigated to explore the mechanisms of increased brain delivery. Concentration time profiles for a set of formulations with varying compound and carrier characteristics were simulated. By controlling the release rate from the liposome, the time profile and the extent of brain delivery can be regulated. The modeling did not support a mechanism of the liposomes passing the brain endothelial cell membrane in an intact form through endocytosis or transcytosis. The most likely process was found to be fusion of the liposome with the endothelial luminal membrane. The simulations revealed that low permeable compounds, independent on efflux, will gain the most from a nanocarrier formulation. The present model based approach is useful to explore and predict possibilities and limitations of carrier-based systems to the brain.
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| 40. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative analysis of the opioid peptide DAMGO in rat plasma and microdialysis samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- 2012
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In: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 900, s. 11-17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantification of the opioid peptide DAMGO in rat plasma, as well as DAMGO and the microdialysis recovery calibrator [13C2,15N]-DAMGO in microdialysis samples, is described. The microdialysis samples consisted of 15 μL Ringer solution containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin. Pretreatment of the samples involved protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by dilution with 0.01% formic acid. The lower limits of quantification were 0.52 ng/mL and 0.24 ng/mL for DAMGO and [13C2,15N]-DAMGO respectively and the response was linear up to 5000 fold higher concentrations. The plasma samples (50 μL) were precipitated with acetonitrile containing the isotope labeled analog [13C2,15N]-DAMGO as internal standard. The method was linear in the range of 11–110,000 ng/mL. The separations were conducted on a HyPurity C18 column, 50 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm particle size, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water and formic acid to the proportions of 17.5:82.5:0.01. Low energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometric (CID-MS/MS) analysis was carried out in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the following mass transitions: m/z 514.2 → 453.2 for DAMGO and m/z 517.2 → 456.2 for [13C2,15N]-DAMGO. The intra-day precision and accuracy did not exceed 5.2% and 93–104% for both compounds and sample types described. The inter-day precision an accuracy were <6.8% and 95–105% respectively. The method described is simple, reproducible and suitable for the analysis of small sample volumes at low concentrations.
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| 41. |
- Lindqvist, Annika, 1983-
(author)
-
Quantitative Aspects of Nanodelivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier : Exemplified with the Opioid Peptide DAMGO
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The use of nanocarriers is an intriguing approach in the development of efficacious treatment for brain disorders. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate and quantify the impact of a liposomal nanocarrier formulation on the brain drug delivery. A novel approach for investigating the blood-brain barrier transport of liposomal DAMGO is presented, including in vivo microdialysis in rat, a high quality LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method and pharmacokinetic model analysis of the data. Factors limiting the brain distribution of the free peptide DAMGO were also investigated. Microdialysis, in combination with plasma sampling, made it possible to separate the released drug from the encapsulated and to quantify the active substance in both blood and brain interstitial fluid over time.The opioid peptide DAMGO entered the brain to a limited extent, with a clearance out of the brain 13 times higher than the clearance into the brain. The brain to blood ratio of unbound drug was not affected when the efflux transporter inhibitors cyclosporine A and elacridar were co-administered with DAMGO. Nor was the transport affected in the in vitro Caco-2 assay using the same inhibitors. This indicates that DAMGO is not transported by P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or breast cancer resistant protein (Bcrp). The blood-brain barrier transport was significantly increased for DAMGO when formulated in liposomes, resulting in 2-3 fold higher brain to blood ratio of unbound DAMGO. The increased brain delivery was seen both for glutathione tagged PEGylated liposomes, as well as for PEGyalted liposomes without specific brain targeting. The improvement in brain delivery was observed only when DAMGO was encapsulated into the liposomes, thus excluding any effect of the liposomes themselves on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Modeling of the data provided additional mechanistic understanding of the brain uptake, showing that endocytosis or transcytosis of intact liposomes across the endothelial cell membranes were unlikely. A model describing fusion of the liposomes with the luminal membrane described the experimental data the best.In conclusion, the studies presented in this thesis all contribute to an increased understanding of how to evaluate and improve brain delivery of CNS active drugs and contribute with important insights to the nanocarrier field.
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| 42. |
- Lindqvist, Annika
(author)
-
Structural and evolutionary studies of a lipocalin: the alpha1-microglobulin protein and its gene
- 1998
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- a1-microglobulin is a small glycoprotein present in plasma and in tissues surrounding the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. a1-microglobulin is a member of the lipocalin protein family and exhibits several of the typical traits of a lipocalin; it binds an unknown ligand which causes the brown color of the protein, it forms complexes with various different proteins and there have been indications of the presence of a receptor for a1-microglobulin on T-lymphocytes. The function of a1-microglobulin is still unknown. This thesis describes the identification of features in the a1-microglobulin protein and its gene that have been conserved during evolution and might be of importance for the function of the protein. For that purpose the a1-microglobulin protein from cow and plaice, the a1-microglobulin cDNA from rat and cow and the mouse a1-microglobulin gene have been isolated and characterized. The information collected have then been used in comparison with data from characterizations of a1-microglobulin from other species. It showed that the small size, the globular shape and the heterogeneous charge are preserved in all species, as well as the presence of a brown chromophore. This chromophore was also shown to be present in a1-microglobulin isolated from plaice liver, indicating that the attachment of the chromophore is an intracellular event. The glycosylation patterns of the protein are very diverse, ranging from the nonglycosylated frog to three carbohydrate substitutions in human. However, one site for N-linked carbohydrate glycosylation is present in all mammals. Thirty-eight of the amino acid residues in a1-microglobulin are completely conserved, seven of which are specific for the lipocalin family. a1-microglobulin is coexpressed with bikunin, a protease inhibitor, in rat and cow, as well as in other species. The a1-microglobulin/bikunin gene consists of two exon clusters, one that codes for a1-microglobulin and one that contains the exons encoding bikunin. These clusters are flanked and separated by potential recombinatory hot-spots, as seen by the presence of retroelements.
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| 43. |
- Lindqvist, Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Boundaries as a coping strategy : emotional labour and relationship maintenance in distressing teacher education situations
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Teacher Education. - : Routledge. - 0261-9768 .- 1469-5928. ; 42:5, s. 634-649
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Student teachers have to cope with distressing emotions during teacher education. Coping is important in relation to both attrition and bridging the gap between being a student teacher and starting work. The data consist of semi-structured interviews with 25 student teachers, which were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory framework. The aim of the current study was to examine student teachers' perspectives on distressing situations during teacher education, as well as how boundaries were established as a way of coping with emotions related to these situations. The findings show that the student teachers' main concern was to make sense of the imbalance between resources and the demands placed by distressing situations. As a coping strategy, student teachers established professional boundaries linked to emotional labour and relationship maintenance.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Lindqvist, Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Change advocacy as coping strategy : how beginning teachers cope with emotionally challenging situations
- 2021
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In: Teachers and Teaching. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-0602 .- 1470-1278. ; 27:6, s. 474-487
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Beginning to teach after teacher education is commonly depicted as an emotionally challenging period. Beginning teachers deploy strategies to cope with the emotionally challenging transition from teacher education and starting a position as a teacher. One way of coping is trying change the origin of the challenges. The aim of the study was to investigate how teachers in their last year as student teachers and their first year as teachers make meaning of a change advocacy strategy to cope with challenging situations as teachers. A qualitative interview study was performed. Twenty-five participants were interviewed while studying in their last year of teacher education, and 20 were interviewed again after having worked as a teacher for a year. In between, 68 self-reports were collected. The material was analysed using constructivist grounded theory tools. The findings show that as student teachers the participants identified two prerequisites to be able to use the change advocacy strategy as beginning teachers: (1) establishing teacher ambiguity and (2) challenging the perceived negative mindset. When utilising a change advocacy strategy as beginning teachers, the participants tried to reform teaching practices and attain a position of competence.
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| 46. |
- Lindqvist, Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Conflicts starting to teach : Beginning teachers coping with emotionally challenging situations
- 2019
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Beginning teachers face complicated socialization processes, affected by micro-political contexts. Starting to teach may entail conflicts, rivalry, competition, as well as alliances and collaboration with colleagues and other staff of a school. Beginning teachers need to understand the social setting where they start their career. The aim of the study was to use the narratives of beginning teachers to investigate the emotionally challenging situations they face, with a focus on how their perspectives and definitions of these situations guided their actions and made coping possible. Since we were interested in the perspectives of the participants, and their definition of the situation, we adopted a symbolic interactionism as theoretical framework. In order to investigate the actions and processes involved constructivist grounded theory (GT) methodology was used. We used GT tools of coding, memo-writing and constant comparison as flexible guidelines, and not as a linear mechanical process. 25 participants took part in the study, which comprise of 68 written self-reports as well as 20 semi-structured interviews. Seven of the participants were male, seventeen were female and one identified as non-binary. Their ages spanned from 22 to 56 (M=28) years old and they were recruited from six teacher-training programmes in Sweden through e-mail contact. All interviews were conducted after the beginning teachers were at the end of their first year of teaching. The beginning teachers experienced conflicts when meeting a micro-political arena starting to teach. The conflicts were either interpersonal or intrapersonal. The interpersonal conflicts were related to teaching methods when it came to colleagues, distrust among colleagues and from parents, as well as conflicts in the student-teacher interaction. Intrapersonal conflicts involved feelings of being “good enough”, having to set limitations to time and engagement, as well as suppression of emotions. To cope with the conflicts beginning teachers had strategies related to being a part of the micro-political context of a school. When doing so, strategies of autonomy, influencing, collaboration and conformity was adopted. There was a reciprocal relationship between being autonomous and using an influencing strategy, as well as between collaboration and conformity. Sometimes, if the person using an influencing strategy found the right ally it could also lead to collaboration among the parts to amend, tolerate or alter the problem with the conflicts. The use of a certain coping strategy is likely to have an affect on turnover or attrition intentions among the participants, as the analysis revealed that the beginning teachers who adopted an influencing or autonomous coping strategy were more likely to talk about changing workplace or school. The reported research is relevant to Nordic Educational Research since it addresses beginning teachers coping with emotionally challenging situations starting to teach, and could involve issues valuable to teacher education. We hope this might be of use in the discussion about beginning teachers attrition and turnover intentions.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lindqvist, Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Conflicts viewed through the micro-political lens : beginning teachers' coping strategies for emotionally challenging situations
- 2019
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In: Research Papers in Education. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0267-1522 .- 1470-1146.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to use the narratives of beginning teachers to investigate the emotionally challenging situations they face, with a focus on how their perspectives and definitions of such situations guided their actions and made coping possible. A short term longitudinal qualitative interview study was adopted. Twenty participants were interviewed at the outset of their last year of teacher education and then followed up with an interview at their first year of teaching. In between self-reports were written in addition to the interviews. The material was analysed using constructivist grounded theory tools. The findings show that new teachers experienced conflicts that were both interpersonal (with students, parents and colleagues) and intrapersonal (being 'good enough'; establishing boundaries related to time and engagement; suppression of emotions) as they started out in teaching. In order to cope with these challenges, the beginning teachers used various strategies including collaboration, conformity, influencing and autonomy. It was found that the strategy chosen could have an effect on turnover or attrition intentions among beginning teachers. Practical implications of the research are discussed.
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| 49. |
- Lindqvist, Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Emotional responses to challenges to emerging teacher identities in teacher education: student teachers’ perspectives on suitability
- 2022
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In: Journal of Education for Teaching. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0260-7476 .- 1360-0540.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The following paper aims to investigate how student teachers relate to the suitability of their student teacher peers after experi- encing challenges to their emerging teacher identity, resulting in emotional responses. A constructivist grounded theory study was conducted in which 18 student teachers participated. Data from 14 individual interviews and one focus group were analysed. Findings revealed that encounters between student teachers sometimes resulted in emotional responses. When the student teachers were emotionally challenged by their peers, their emerging teacher identity was challenged. In addition, the student teachers com- pared themselves with those peers whom they judged as unsuita- ble and constructed a self-image of being suitable. This comparative process was connected to three suitability norms: (1) being perceived as having the right values (2) being perceived as having social skills and (3) being perceived as committed to in- depth learning as a teacher.
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- Lindqvist, Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Lack of progression is the dividing line : mentoring teachers’ perspectives on student teachers’ emotional challenges during work placement education
- 2024
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In: Teacher Development. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1366-4530 .- 1747-5120. ; 28:1, s. 1-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Student teachers commonly report encountering emotional challenges in work placements during teacher education. Even so, the perspective of mentoring teachers has been given little attention regarding the student teachers’ emotional challenges. In this study, the authors’ aim is to investigate what mentoring teachers perceive to be the emotional challenges student teachers face and what support they think they can offer student teachers. A sample of 25 Swedish mentoring teachers participated in an interview study. According to the findings, the mentoring teachers reported three main emotional challenges that they perceived that student teachers encounter: conflicts with/among pupils, encountering diverse pupil populations and dealing with failure. Mentoring teachers’ reports can be understood in the light of their idea of what work placement should be. Their rationales included the need for student teachers to be either exposed to ‘reality’ or protected from worst-case scenarios.
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