| 1. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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| 2. |
- Grönqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Making of a Manager : Evidence from Military Officer Training
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Labor Economics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0734-306X .- 1537-5307. ; 34:4, s. 869-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that officer training during the Swedish military service has a strong positive effect on the probability of attaining a managerial position later in life. The most intense type of officer training increases the probability of becoming a civilian manager by about 5 percentage points, or 75%. Officer training also increases educational attainment post-military service. We argue that the effect on civilian leadership could be due to the acquisition of leadership-specific skills during the military service, and we present suggestive evidence related to alternative mechanisms, such as signaling, networks, and training unrelated to leadership.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lindqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Making of a Manager : Evidence from Military Officer Training
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We show that officer training during the Swedish military service has a strong positive effect on the probability of attaining a managerial position later in life. The most intense type of officer training increases the probability of becoming a civilian manager by about 5 percentage points, or 75 percent. Officer training also increases educational attainment post-military service. We argue that the effect on civilian leadership could be due to acquisition of leadership specific skills during the military service, and present suggestive evidence related to alternative mechanisms, such as signaling, networks, and training unrelated to leadership.
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, Jan Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of irradiated concrete : Microscopic and mechanical tests on concrete from a nuclear power plant containment structure
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drilled concrete cores from the centralpart of the containment structure of reactor 2 in Oskarshamn weretested in the present study. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy wereapplied.The microscopy analyses performed have not documented any changes in the properties of the concrete that can be interpreted as beingdue to the specific environment to which the samples havebeen exposed. The parameters that havebeen studied includecrack patterns that could indicate volume changes inthe aggregate or cement pasteand indications of alkali silica reaction. The observed differences in the concrete surface compared to the inner part of the concrete are such that they couldoccur in concrete exposed to a normal indoor environment. There are no crack patterns to indicatethat the radiation has caused a volume increase inthe aggregate or drying shrinkage in the cement paste. Thereareno changesin the crack patterns, porosity or polarization properties that may indicate reduced mechanical strength. The damage seen in the surface of sample 5 is likely to have beencaused by a local mechanical impact and thisdamage is superficial andlocal. The mechanical properties of the concrete were evaluated by uniaxial compression tests on cylinders machined from drilled cores. Full-field strain measurement was performed on the surface of the cylinders during the compression test. Optical full-field deformation measurement was conducted usinga measurement technique based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC) with a stereoscopic camera set-up, consisting of two CCDcameras. The basic idea behind DIC is to measure the deformation of the specimen duringtesting by tracking the deformation of a surface speckle pattern in a series of digital images acquired during loading. That there is some variation in strain between the various segments is natural, since the local stiffness depends on aggregate sizeand location. The general picture is that the strain distribution is relatively uniform along the length of the cylinder,which indicates that the tested cylinders do not exhibit any degradation of mechanical properties. There is also no significant difference between the cylinders taken towards the insideof the structure, compared with thosetaken towards the outside.The overall conclusion is that the tests carried out do not indicate any degradation of the mechanical properties, and that the properties in general are equivalent for the cores taken towards the inside and the outside of the structure.
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| 7. |
- Liu, Hongyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of rock aggregate breakage properties using realistic texture-based modelling
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. - : Wiley. - 0363-9061 .- 1096-9853. ; 36:10, s. 1280-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Realistic texture-based modelling methods, that is microstructural modelling and micromechanical modelling, are developed to simulate the rock aggregate breakage properties on the basis of the rock actual microstructure obtained using microscopic observations and image analysis. The breakage properties of three types of rocks, that is Avja, LEP and Vandle taken from three quarries in Sweden, in single aggregate breakage tests and in inter-aggregate breakage tests are then modelled using the proposed methods. The microstructural modelling directly integrates the microscopic observation, image analysis and numerical simulation together and provides a valuable tool to investigate the mechanical properties of rock aggregates on the basis of their microstructure properties. The micromechanical modelling takes the most important microstructure properties of rock aggregates into consideration and can model the major mechanical properties. Throughout this study, it is concluded that in general, the microstructure properties of rock aggregate work together to affect their mechanical properties, and it is difficult to correlate a single microstructure property with the mechanical properties of rock aggregates. In particular, for the three types of rock Avja, LEP and Vandle in this study, crack size distribution, grain size and grain perimeter (i.e. grain shape and spatial arrangement) show good correlations with the mechanical properties. The crack length and the grain size negatively affect the mechanical properties of Avja, LEP and Vandle, but the perimeter positively influences the mechanical properties. Besides, the modelled rock aggregate breakage properties in both single aggregate and inter-aggregate tests reveal that the aggregate microstructure, aggregate shape and loading conditions influence the breakage process of rock aggregate in service. For the rock aggregate with the same microstructure, the quadratic shape and good packing dramatically improve its mechanical properties. During services, the aggregate is easiest to be fragmented under point-to-point loading condition, and then in the sequence of multiple-point, point-to-plane and plane-to-plane loading conditions.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Hongyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Microscope rock texture characterization and simulation of rock aggregate properties
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The literature review on the relationship between the textural properties and mechanical properties of rock aggregates indicates that most studies investigated the relationship in two separate processes, i.e. microscope observations and mechanical tests, and then correlate the mechanical properties with one of textural properties indirectly using various regression models.Samples of three granites with similar mineral content but varying mechanical properties are investigated by microscope texture quantification including image analysis followed by rock mechanics testing and rock aggregate testing in the laboratory. Computer simulation of rock mechanics properties, of strength of single aggregate particles and fracture of multiple particles in a cylindrical chamber (DSC test) is then made. Finally computer simulations are compared of with tumbling mill tests (LA test) through results from previous research.This study uses numerical modelling as a main tool to directly investigate the relationships, i.e. from the physical mechanisms' point of view and taking major textural properties into consideration. Two main modelling methods, i.e. microstructural modelling and micromechanical modelling are implemented. In the microstructural modelling, the numerical simulation model is built on the basis of rock microstructure. In the micromechanical modelling, the model is constructed on the basis of the Weibull theory.The modelled results from single particle tests of three granites, i.e. Ävja, LEP and Vändle under BTS, point-to-point, plane-to-plane, point-to-plane and multiple-point loading conditions using microstructural modelling and micromechanical modelling show that Ävja is weaker than LEP and Vändle in terms of the aggregate tensile strength and applied work. The microstructural modelling also reveals that LEP is weaker than Vändle but the micromechanical modelling indicates that LEP and Vändle have similar mechanical properties.From this work it is concluded that microscope texture quantification and computer simulation is a promising approach to analyse mechanical properties of rock aggregates. Numerical modelling of the DSC test shows the potential to simulate multi particle chamber compression tests for assessment of rock aggregate quality. In general, the texture properties work together to influence the mechanical properties of rock aggregates. Computer simulation using a heterogeneous material model provides a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between the textural properties and mechanical properties of rock aggregates by taking main textural properties into consideration. In particular, for the three rocks in this study, micro crack size distribution, grain perimeter and grain size show strong correlations with the mechanical properties, e.g. for DSC strength: cracks and grain size negatively affect the mechanical properties but the perimeter positively influences the mechanical properties.
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| 9. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Spiro, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Six Policy Ideas for Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2020
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This white paper contains six policy ideas that may help countries in coping with theCOVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on policies that can slow down the spread of the disease, better protect high-risk groups and leverage that a large part of the labor force is idle. For each policy idea, we describe the problem it is meant to solve, what may be leveraged to solve it, and a brief analysis of benefits and risks.
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| 12. |
- Abels, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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CART is overexpressed in human type 2 diabetic islets and inhibits glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 59:9, s. 1928-1937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Insufficient insulin release and hyperglucagonaemia are culprits in type 2 diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART, encoded by Cartpt) affects islet hormone secretion and beta cell survival in vitro in rats, and Cart(-/-) mice have diminished insulin secretion. We aimed to test if CART is differentially regulated in human type 2 diabetic islets and if CART affects insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro in humans and in vivo in mice. Methods CART expression was assessed in human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic control pancreases and rodent models of diabetes. Insulin and glucagon secretion was examined in isolated islets and in vivo in mice. Ca2+ oscillation patterns and exocytosis were studied in mouse islets. Results We report an important role of CART in human islet function and glucose homeostasis in mice. CART was found to be expressed in human alpha and beta cells and in a subpopulation of mouse beta cells. Notably, CART expression was several fold higher in islets of type 2 diabetic humans and rodents. CART increased insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in human and mouse islets. Furthermore, CART increased beta cell exocytosis, altered the glucose-induced Ca2+ signalling pattern in mouse islets from fast to slow oscillations and improved synchronisation of the oscillations between different islet regions. Finally, CART reduced glucagon secretion in human and mouse islets, as well as in vivo in mice via diminished alpha cell exocytosis. Conclusions/interpretation We conclude that CART is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Based on the ability of CART to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, CART-based agents could be a therapeutic modality in type 2 diabetes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Arm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsägelse av långtidsegenskaper hos restprodukter : teknik och miljö i vägar
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, use of industrial by-products is still hindered by concern for their long-term properties. This report describes a three-year research project aiming to identify the key processes of ageing related to the usefulness of by-products in roads; investigate the consequences of these processes for technical and environmental properties of the by-products, and propose a method for accelerated ageing to predict long-term properties. The project has compared naturally aged samples of two by-products used as sub-bases in existing asphalt paved roads with samples of fresh by-products from producers' piles. Steel slag of electric arc furnace type and municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash were chosen. The samples were thoroughly characterized in order to identify which ageing processes had been crucial. The working hypothesis was that ageing processes lead to changes in pH, effective particle size and mineralogy, which in turn determine leaching, stiffness and stability of the material. One of the conclusions from the project is that the test results confirmed that the pavement edge material is ageing faster than the road centre material is.
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| 18. |
- Arm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Technical environmental long-term properties of industrial residues : summary of field and laboratory investigations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 31:1, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, use of industrial residues is still hindered by concern for their long-term properties. A three-year research project was therefore initiated aiming to (1) identify the crucial processes of ageing related to the usefulness of residues in roads; (2) investigate the consequences of these processes for technical and environmental properties of the residues, and (3) propose a method for accelerated ageing to predict the long-term properties. This paper gives an overview of the project methodology, a summary of the test results and references to papers where further details are given. The project, running through 2006-2008, compared naturally aged samples of two residues used as sub-bases in existing asphalt paved roads with samples of fresh residues from producers' piles. Steel slag of electric arc furnace (EAF) type and municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash were chosen. The samples were thoroughly characterised in order to identify which ageing processes had been crucial. The results showed that: - Bottom ash from the pavement edge was more aged than bottom ash from the road centre. However, no difference in pH was found, instead the differences were caused by differences in water exposure. - Steel slag from the pavement edge showed traces of carbonation and leaching processes, whereas slag from the road centre was identical to fresh slag. - Water exposure to the subbase materials after ten years in an asphalt paved road was calculated to less than 0.1–0.5 litres per kg. - Ageing reactions in steel slag and MSWI bottom ash, ready for use, were too small to be verified by laboratory measurement of deformation properties under loaded conditions. An accelerated ageing test for steel slag was set up to achieve the carbonation (decrease in pH) and leaching that was observed in the pavement edge material. An accelerated ageing test for bottom ash was set up to achieve the pozzolan reactions that were observed in SEM analyses of in situ specimens. It is recommended to use uncrushed particles when properties of aged material are studied, in order to preserve the original particle surfaces.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Berg, Hans ten, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt: Sluta skjutsa barnen till skolan - hälsa går före rädsla
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. (DN). - Stockholm : Bonnier. - 1101-2447. ; :2023-02-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Våra barn blir alltmer stillasittande, vilket får livslånga konsekvenser. En av de enklaste lösningarna står föräldrar i vägen för – på grund av rädsla. Föräldrarnas välvilja är i själva verket ett tydligt hot mot barnens hälsa, både i trafiken och genom livet. Sverige behöver en ny nationell rekommendation för aktiva skolresor, skriver åtta forskare och organisationer.
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| 21. |
- Berglund, Eva C, et al.
(författare)
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Accurate detection of subclonal single nucleotide variants in whole genome amplified and pooled cancer samples using HaloPlex target enrichment
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2164. ; 14, s. 856-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Target enrichment and resequencing is a widely used approach for identification of cancer genes and genetic variants associated with diseases. Although cost effective compared to whole genome sequencing, analysis of many samples constitutes a significant cost, which could be reduced by pooling samples before capture. Another limitation to the number of cancer samples that can be analyzed is often the amount of available tumor DNA. We evaluated the performance of whole genome amplified DNA and the power to detect subclonal somatic single nucleotide variants in non-indexed pools of cancer samples using the HaloPlex technology for target enrichment and next generation sequencing. Results: We captured a set of 1528 putative somatic single nucleotide variants and germline SNPs, which were identified by whole genome sequencing, with the HaloPlex technology and sequenced to a depth of 792-1752. We found that the allele fractions of the analyzed variants are well preserved during whole genome amplification and that capture specificity or variant calling is not affected. We detected a large majority of the known single nucleotide variants present uniquely in one sample with allele fractions as low as 0.1 in non-indexed pools of up to ten samples. We also identified and experimentally validated six novel variants in the samples included in the pools. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates that whole genome amplified DNA can be used for target enrichment equally well as genomic DNA and that accurate variant detection is possible in non-indexed pools of cancer samples. These findings show that analysis of a large number of samples is feasible at low cost, even when only small amounts of DNA is available, and thereby significantly increases the chances of indentifying recurrent mutations in cancer samples.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Blomberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Electric Field Diagnostics in the Jovian System : Brief Scientific Case and Instrumentation Overview
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th IAA International Conference on Low-Cost Planetary Missions. ; , s. 335-340
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Jovian plasma environment exhibits a variety of plasma flow interactions with magnetised as well as unmagnetised bodies, making it a good venue for furthering our understanding of solar wind - magnetosphere / ionosphere interactions. On an overall scale the solar wind interacts with the Jovian magnetosphere, much like at Earth but with vastly different temporal and spatial scales. Inside the Jovian magnetosphere the co-rotating plasma interacts with the inner moons. The latter interaction is slower and more stable than the corresponding interaction between the solar wind and the planets, and can thus provide additional information on the principles of the interaction mechanisms. Because of the wealth of expected low-frequency waves, as well as the predicted quasi-static electric fields and plasma drifts in the interaction regions between different parts of the Jovian system, a most valuable component in future payloads would be a double-probe electric field instrument. Recent developments in low-mass instrumentation facilitate electric field measurements on spinning planetary spacecraft, which we here exemplify.
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| 24. |
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Bo i Ro : Texter från ett tvärvetenskapligt symposium om boende, buller och hälsa. Läkaresällskapets hus i Stockholm, den 20 oktober 2016
- 2016
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sveriges Regering fattade den 9 april 2015 beslut om en ny förordning medbestämmelser om riktvärden för buller utomhus för spårtrafik, vägar ochflygplatser vid bostadsbyggnader. Förordningen (2015:216) om trafikbullervid bostadsbyggnader träder i kraft den 1 juni 2015. I denna förordning finnsförändrade riktvärden för bullerexponering vid bostader som tillåter betydligtmer buller än tidigare, något som från många håll kritiserats för att medförahälsorisker.Ljudmiljöcentrums målsättning med symposiet Bo i Ro har varit lyfta fram densenaste forskningen om hälsa och buller, synliggöra förändringarna ibullerförordning som kan få konsekvenser vad gäller hälsa och välbefinnandeför stora delar av befolkningen samt diskutera strategier för framtida folkhälsa,boende & bullerhantering.Symposiet arrangerades av Ljudmiljöcentrum vid Lunds universitet isamarbete med arbets- och miljömedicin i Lund och riktade sig särskilt tillintresserade forskare, politiker och beslutsfattare.Nyckelord: Bo i Ro, bostäder, trafikbuller, ljudmiljö, folkhälsa, forskning.
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| 25. |
- Brandén, Gunnar
(författare)
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Understanding Intergenerational Mobility : Inequality, Student Aid and Nature-Nurture Interactions
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I: A body of evidence has emerged in the literature on intergenerational mobility documenting that unequal countries experience less social mobility: a relationship known as the Great Gatsby Curve. In this paper I estimate the Great Gatsby Curve within Sweden across 125 commuting zones and 20 cohorts, exploiting both cross-sectional and longitudinal variation. I find that children who were exposed to higher levels of inequality during childhood experienced less social mobility as adults, thereby confirming the existence of a Great Gatsby Curve in Sweden. I also present new evidence on the underlying mechanisms of the Great Gatsby Curve. By decomposing intergenerational mobility into separate transmission channels, I find that the Great Gatsby Curve is exclusively driven by the mediating effect that children's educational attainment and development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills has on the persistence of income across generations. Hence, the results suggest that adverse effects of inequality on mobility can be alleviated by policies that target children's educational attainment and development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills.
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| 26. |
- Briggs, Joseph S., et al.
(författare)
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Windfall gains and stock market participation
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We estimate the causal effect of wealth on stock market participation using administrative data on Swedish lottery players. A $150,000 windfall gain increases stock ownership probability among pre-lottery non-participants by 12 percentage points, while pre-lottery stock holders are unaffected. The effect is immediate, seemingly permanent and heterogeneous in intuitive ways. Standard lifecycle models predict wealth effects far too large to match our causal estimates under common calibrations. Additional analyses suggest a limited role for explanations such as procrastination or real-estate investment. Overall, results suggest that “nonstandard” beliefs or preferences contribute to the nonparticipation of households across many demographic groups.
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| 27. |
- Briggs, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Wealth and Stock Market Participation : Estimating the Causal Effect From Swedish Lotteries
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we estimate the causal effect of wealth on stock market participation. The positive cross-sectional relationship between participation and wealth is well-established, with previous work suggesting that moderate costs of stock market participation are capable of rationalizing the decision of most non-participants. In our study we use a large sample of Swedish lottery players whom were randomly assigned over 1 billion USD, linked to administrative tax records of asset holdings, to precisely identify both the effect of wealth and the costs necessary to explain non-participation. Although we estimate a positive effect of wealth on participation, our estimate is much smaller than that implied by the cross-section. Furthermore, our estimates of participation costs are 10-20 times higher than those proposed in previous studies. We interpret these results within a structural model of life-cycle stock market participation, and use participation responses following random wealth assignment to estimate entry and participation costs conditional on a variety of demographic and individual characteristics. We conclude that it is unlikely that fixed financial costs are credible explanations for equity market non-participation.
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| 28. |
- Briggs, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Windfall gains and stock market participation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Financial Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-405X .- 1879-2774. ; 139:1, s. 57-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exploit the randomized assignment of lottery prizes in a large administrative Swedish data set to estimate the causal effect of wealth on stock market participation. A $150,00 0 windfall gain increases the stock market participation probability by 12 percentage points among prelottery nonparticipants but has no discernible effect on prelottery stock owners. A structural life cycle model significantly overpredicts entry rates even for very high entry costs (up to $31,0 00). Additional analyses implicate pessimistic beliefs regarding equity returns as a major source of this overprediction and suggest that both recent and early-life return realizations affect beliefs.
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| 29. |
- Brouwer, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Visualising the ionome in resistant and susceptible plant-pathogen interactions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Journal. - : Wiley. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 108, s. 870-885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the morphological and anatomical levels, the ionome, or the elemental composition of an organism, is an understudied area of plant biology. In particular, the ionomic responses of plant-pathogen interactions are scarcely described, and there are no studies on immune reactions. In this study we explored two X-ray fluorescence (XRF)-based ionome visualisation methods (benchtop- and synchrotron-based micro-XRF [mu XRF]), as well as the quantitative inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method, to investigate the changes that occur in the ionome of compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. We utilised the agronomically important and comprehensively studied interaction between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and the late blight oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans as an example. We used one late blight-susceptible potato cultivar and two resistant transgenic plant lines (only differing from the susceptible cultivar in one or three resistance genes) both in control and P. infestans-inoculated conditions. In the lesions from the compatible interaction, we observed rearrangements of several elements, including a decrease of the mobile macronutrient potassium (K) and an increase in iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), compared with the tissue outside the lesion. Interestingly, we observed distinctly different distribution patterns of accumulation at the site of inoculation in the resistant lines for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Mn and silicon (Si) compared to the susceptible cultivar. The results reveal different ionomes in diseased plants compared to resistant plants. Our results demonstrate a technical advance and pave the way for deeper studies of the plant-pathogen ionome in the future.
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| 30. |
- Brustad, Karl K., et al.
(författare)
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The infinity-Laplacian in smooth convex domains and in a square
- 2023
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Ingår i: MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). - 2640-3501. ; 5:4, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend some theorems for the infinity-ground state and for the infinity-potential, known for convex polygons, to other domains in the plane, by applying Alexandroff's method to the curved boundary. A recent explicit solution disproves a conjecture.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
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Replication data for : The Effect of Wealth on Individual and Household Labor Supply: Evidence from Swedish Lotteries
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the effect of wealth on labor supply using the randomized assignment of monetary prizes in a large sample of Swedish lottery players. Winning a lottery prize modestly reduces earnings, with the reduction being immediate, persistent, and quite similar by age, education, and sex. A calibrated dynamic model implies lifetime marginal propensities to earn out of unearned income from -0.17 at age 20 to -0.04 at age 60, and labor supply elasticities in the lower range of previously reported estimates. The earnings response is stronger for winners than their spouses, which is inconsistent with unitary household labor supply models.
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| 33. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of wealth on household labor supply : evidence from Swedish lotteries
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the effect of wealth on labor supply using the randomized assignment of monetary prizes in a large sample of Swedish lottery players. We find winning a lottery prize modestly reduces labor earnings, with the reduction being immediate, persistent, and similar by age, education, and sex. A calibrated dynamic model of individual labor supply implies an average lifetime marginal propensity to earn out of unearned income of -0.11, and labor-supply elasticities in the lower range of previously reported estimates. The earnings response is stronger for winners than their spouses, which is inconsistent with unitary household labor supply models.
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| 34. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Wealth on Individual and Household Labor Supply : Evidence from Swedish Lotteries
- 2017
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Ingår i: The American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282 .- 1944-7981. ; 107:12, s. 3917-3946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effect of wealth on labor supply using the randomized assignment of monetary prizes in a large sample of Swedish lottery players. Winning a lottery prize modestly reduces earnings, with the reduction being immediate, persistent, and quite similar by age, education, and sex. A calibrated dynamic model implies lifetime marginal propensities to earn out of unearned income from -0.17 at age 20 to -0.04 at age 60, and labor supply elasticities in the lower range of previously reported estimates. The earnings response is stronger for winners than their spouses, which is inconsistent with unitary household labor supply models.
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| 35. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Wealth on Individual and Household Labor Supply : Evidence from Swedish Lotteries
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the effect of wealth on labor supply using the randomized assignment of monetary prizes in a large sample of Swedish lottery players. We find winning a lottery prize modestly reduces labor earnings, with the reduction being immediate, persistent, and similar by age, education, and sex. A calibrated dynamic model of individual labor supply implies an average lifetime marginal propensity to earn out of unearned income of -0.11, and labor-supply elasticities in the lower range of previously reported estimates. The earnings response is stronger for winners than their spouses, which is inconsistent with unitary household labor supply models.
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| 36. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
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Wealth, Health, and Child Development : Evidence from Administrative Data on Swedish Lottery Players
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use administrative data on Swedish lottery players to estimate the causal impact of substantial wealth shocks on players' own health and their children's health and developmental outcomes. Our estimation sample is large, virtually free of attrition, and allows us to control for the factors conditional on which the prizes were randomly assigned. In adults, we find no evidence that wealth impacts mortality or health care utilization, with the possible exception of a small reduction in the consumption of mental health drugs. Our estimates allow us to rule out effects on 10-year mortality one sixth as large as the cross-sectional wealth-mortality gradient. In our intergenerational analyses, we find that wealth increases children's health care utilization in the years following the lottery and may also reduce obesity risk. The effects on most other child outcomes, which include drug consumption, scholastic performance, and skills, can usually be bounded to a tight interval around zero. Overall, our findings suggest that in affluent countries with extensive social safety nets, causal effects of wealth are not a major source of the wealth-mortality gradients, nor of the observed relationships between child-developmental outcomes and household income.
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| 37. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
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WEALTH, HEALTH, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT : EVIDENCE FROM ADMINISTRATIVE DATA ON SWEDISH LOTTERY PLAYERS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0033-5533 .- 1531-4650. ; 131:2, s. 687-738
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use administrative data on Swedish lottery players to estimate the causal impact of substantial wealth shocks on players' own health and their children's health and developmental outcomes. Our estimation sample is large, virtually free of attrition, and allows us to control for the factors conditional on which the prizes were randomly assigned. In adults, we find no evidence that wealth impacts mortality or health care utilization, with the possible exception of a small reduction in the consumption of mental health drugs. Our estimates allow us to rule out effects on 10-year mortality one sixth as large as the cross-sectional wealth-mortality gradient. In our intergenerational analyses, we find that wealth increases children's health care utilization in the years following the lottery and may also reduce obesity risk. The effects on most other child outcomes, including drug consumption, scholastic performance, and skills, can usually be bounded to a tight interval around zero. Overall, our findings suggest that in affluent countries with extensive social safety nets, causal effects of wealth are not a major source of the wealth-mortality gradients, nor of the observed relationships between child developmental outcomes and household income.
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| 38. |
- Claesson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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lntegrated Optical Fiber Sensors in Additive Manufactured Metal Components for Smart Manufacturing Applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Smart Systems Integration; 13th International Conference and Exhibition on Integration Issues of Miniaturized Systems.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work combines fiber optic sensors with additive manufacturing to enable integration of temperature and strain sensors in metal components. In this paper, we present a fiber optic sensor network integrated in press hardening tools to monitor the contact between the tool and the metal sheet during forming operation. The tools are manufactured through metal powder bed fusion using laser melting processes (PBF-SLM), after which the tools are prepared for sensor integration. A demonstrator press hardening tool with integrated fiber optic sensors was heated using an electric heat foil and the sensor measurements was compared to a thermal simulation model. The sensor technology is based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), integrated at several positions along the optical fiber. FBGs are in-fiber sensors that are multiplexed. lt is possible to place hundreds of FBG sensors along one single fiber, thus allowing for quasidistributed sensing of temperature or strain. The optical fiber itself can be less than 100 micrometer in diameter, allowing for sensing at several points in a minimally invasive way, when integrated in a tool or component.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Dias Ferreira Da Silva, Nelson, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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CHLORIDE CONTENTS AT THE CONCRETE-STEEL INTERFACE
- 2010
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Ingår i: Advances in Concrete Strutural Durability - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures ICDCS2010, 24-26 November 2010, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, edited by Hiroshi Yokota, Takafumi Sugiyama and Tamon Ueda, Hokkaido University Press. - 9784832903609 ; , s. 275-284
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition and microstructure of the concrete-steel interface influences the criticalchloride content (Ccr) for initiation of pitting corrosion and can differ from the conditions inthe bulk concrete. This paper describes the development of a methodology for chlorideprofiling along the interface by means of LA-ICP-MS. SEM-EDS and XRD techniques wereused for semi-quantitative analysis of Ccr, microstructure characterization of the pittingpositions and distribution and composition of the corrosion products. A range of chloridelevels along the interface was measured by means of LA-ICP-MS showing good agreementwith the results from EDS analysis. A number of interface defects were found to influencepitting corrosion. Several Fe(III) oxy-hydroxides, including akaganeite, were identified. XRDanalysis suggested the existence of FeCl2. These corrosion products tended to accumulate atthe aggregate-paste interface and in air voids at the cement paste.
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| 41. |
- Dias Ferreira Da Silva, Nelson, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Chloride profiles along the concrete-steel interface
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Structural Engineering. - 1758-7328 .- 1758-7336. ; 4:1/2, s. 100-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition and microstructure of the concrete-steelinterface influences the critical chloride content for initiation of pitting corrosion and these characteristics may differ from those of the bulk concrete. This paper describes the development of a methodology for chloride profiling along the interface by means of LA-ICP-MS. For semi-quantitative analysis, microstructure characterisation of the pitting positions and distribution and composition of the corrosion products, SEM-EDS and XRD techniques wereemployed. The results indicate that along the interface a range of chloride levels can be expected. These varied between 0.15–1.5 wt% of concrete with higher levels around the active corrosion sites. Good agreement has been foundbetween the results from LA-ICP-MS and EDS techniques. Interface defects strongly influenced the pitting corrosion. Several Fe(III) oxy-hydroxides accumulated at the aggregate-paste interface and in air voids at the cementpaste. XRD analysis suggested the presence of akaganeite and FeCl2 (rokuhnite).
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| 42. |
- Dias Ferreira Da Silva, Nelson, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Conditions for Depassivation of Steel in Concrete: Interface Chloride Profiles
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Concrete Research. ; Publication No. 43, s. 115-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an ongoing research project that aims to improve the knowledge and understanding of the critical conditions for depassivation of steel by studying the micro/meso-scale chloride profiles along the steel-concrete interface and correlating these with aspects of its microstructure and composition.
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| 43. |
- Dias Ferreira Da Silva, Nelson, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Conditions for Depassivation of Steel in Concrete: Interface Chloride Profiles and Steel Surface Condition
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Concrete Research. - 0800-6377. ; 45, s. 111-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The composition and macrostructure of the concrete-steel interface and the surface finish of the steel are fundamental for the chloride induced corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete, with direct influence in the chloride threshold values (Cth). In this paper these characteristics were examined for vertically cast samples immersed in salt solution. After depassivation, the specimens were open for visual examination. Corrosion always initiated at the front side and surface defects were found to influence the corrosion onset. Chloride, calcium and iron profiles along the interface were drawn by means of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and higher chloride contents were measured around active corroding areas.
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| 44. |
- Edfeldt, Chatarina, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Northern Crossings : Translation, Circulation and the Literary Semi-periphery
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This open access book uses Swedish literature and the Swedish publishing field as recurring examples to describe and analyse the role of the literary semi-peripheral position in world literature from various perspectives and on meso, micro and macro levels, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This includes the role of translation in the semi-periphery and the conditions under which literature travels to and from that position. The focus is not on Sweden, as such, but rather on the semi-peripheral transitional space as exemplified by the Swedish case.Consisting of three co-written chapters, this study sheds light on what might be called the semi-peripheral condition or the semi-periphery as an area of transition. As part of the Cosmopolitan and Vernacular Dynamics in World Literatures series, it makes continuous use of the concepts of 'cosmopolitan' and 'vernacular' – or rather, the processual terms, cosmopolitanization and vernacularization – which provide an overall structure to the analysis of literature and literary phenomena. In this way, the authors show that the semi-periphery is an ideal point of departure to further the understanding of world literature, because it is a place where the cosmopolitan (the literary universal) and the vernacular (the rootedness in a particular culture or place) interact in ways that have not yet been thoroughly explored.
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| 45. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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RPC-LAP : The Rosetta Langmuir probe instrument
- 2007
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 128:04-jan, s. 729-744
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rosetta dual Langmuir probe instrument, LAP, utilizes the multiple powers of a pair of spherical Langmuir probes for measurements of basic plasma parameters with the aim of providing detailed knowledge of the outgassing, ionization, and subsequent plasma processes around the Rosetta target comet. The fundamental plasma properties to be studied are the plasma density, the electron temperature, and the plasma flow velocity. However, study of electric fields up to 8 kHz, plasma density fluctuations, spacecraft potential, integrated UV flux, and dust impacts is also possible. LAP is fully integrated in the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), the instruments of which together provide a comprehensive characterization of the cometary plasma.
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| 46. |
- Eriksson, Jonny, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Development of mortars in Sweden during the period 1800 to 1950
- 2016
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Ingår i: 4th Historic Mortars Conference HMC 2016. Santorini, Greece, 10-12 October, 2016.. ; , s. 204-210
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective with the present project was to combine studies of textbooks and masonry constructions with laboratory analyses of historical mortars from the time period 1800 to 1950. The objective was to investigate the development of knowledge and craftsmanship of the mason during this period. The three different sources display the same trends from binder rich to binder poor and to mortars based on cement and lime mixes. There was a change from a complex and varying use of different mortars in the 19th century to a simplified and standardized use in the 20th century. This process also includes a change to a centralised and industrialized production of binders. A consequence of this was that a loss of the craftmans knowledge of how to handle different hydraulic binders and pozzolans. The later part of the period was characterised in a loss of knowledge in this aspect for all actors working with masonry and renders.
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| 47. |
- Eriksson, Jonny, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Lime render, shrinkage cracks and craftsmanship in building restoration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cultural Heritage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1296-2074 .- 1778-3674. ; 37, s. 73-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present project concerns early shrinkage cracks in renders. This problem relates to the type of lime and rendering methods used in Sweden during the 19th and early 20th century as well as in current restoration practice. Results from different render restoration projects have indicated that a high frequency of shrinkage cracks could be related to the slaking procedure and the reworking of the slaked lime putty. The aim of the project was to investigate whether there is a connection between different handling procedures for wet-slaked lime putty and early shrinkage cracks in render. An investigation involving practical application and a laboratory test programme was initiated to examine the problem of early shrinkage cracks in renders based on wet-slaked sub-hydraulic lime. This type of lime was commonly used in Sweden in the 19th century. The laboratory work in the project included 3 different mix proportions based on reworked and non-reworked lime putty. The renders were applied after 1, 8, 15, 32 and 68 days storage of the lime putty. This gave 30 mortar mixes applied as rendered test surfaces. The flow number of the fresh mortars was determined and the workability, mixability and open time were assessed. The frequency of shrinkage cracks in the rendered surfaces was measured. The results showed that the frequency of shrinkage cracks was related to the methods applied in the slaking process and the storage time. Reworking and storage of the lime putty increased the frequency of shrinkage cracks. The properties of the fresh mortar were also influenced.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Flansbjer, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical behaviour of concrete piles affected by sulphate attack
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the International IABSE Conference. - 9783857481239 ; , s. 389-392, s. 556-557
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the remaining service life is vital for the planning of maintenance of concrete constructions in aggressive environments. Here we present results from testing of two concrete piles affected by sulphate attack in marine environment. A multi-method approach going from micro scale to structural level has been applied. The crack propagation was monitored during loading by means of DIC and AE. After the test crack patterns was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, non-linear finite element analysis at the structural level was used to study the influence of the chemical attack on the response of concrete piles.
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| 50. |
- Flansbjer, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical behaviour of concrete piles affected by sulphate attack
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceeding of fib Symposium: Concrete Structures for Sustainable Community, 11 – 12 June 2012, Stockholm, Sweden. ; , s. 389-392
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the remaining service life is vital for the planning of maintenance of concrete constructions in aggressive environments. Here we present results from testing of two concrete piles affected by combined sulphate and chloride attack in marine environment. A multi method approach going from micro scale to structural level has been applied. The crack propagation was monitored during loading by means of DIC and AE. After the test crack patterns was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, non-linear finite element analysis at the structural level was used to study the influence of the chemical attack on the response of concrete piles.
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