| 1. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lindqvist, Neiva, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of crosstalk channel estimation on the DSM performance for DSL networks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1687-6172 .- 1687-6180.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and assessment of spectrum management methods for the copper access network are usually conducted under the assumption of accurate channel information. Acquiring such information implies, in practice, estimation of the crosstalk coupling functions between the twisted-pair lines in the access network. This type of estimation is not supported or required by current digital subscriber line (DSL) standards. In this work, we investigate the impact of the inaccuracies in crosstalk estimation on the performance of dynamic spectrum management (DSM) algorithms. A recently proposed crosstalk channel estimator is considered and a statistical sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of the crosstalk estimation error on the bitloading and on the achievable data rate for a transmission line. The DSM performance is then evaluated based on the achievable data rates obtained through experiments with DSL setups and computer simulations. Since these experiments assume network scenarios consisting of real twisted-pair cables, both crosstalk channel estimates and measurements (for a reference comparison) are considered. The results indicate that the error introduced by the adopted estimation procedure does not compromise the performance of the DSM techniques, that is, the considered crosstalk channel estimator provides enough means for a practical implementation of DSM.
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| 4. |
- Bajc, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Ventilation and Perfusion in Patients with COVID-19 Discloses Unique Information of Pulmonary Function to a Clinician : Case Reports of V/P SPECT
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1179-5484. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- V/P SPECT from 4 consecutive patients with COVID-19 suggests that ventilation and perfusion images may be applied to diagnose or exclude pulmonary embolism, verify nonsegmental diversion of perfusion from the ventilated areas (dead space ventilation) that may represent inflammation of the pulmonary vasculature, detect the reversed mismatch of poor ventilation and better preserved perfusion (shunt perfusion) in bilateral pulmonary inflammation and indicate redistribution of lung perfusion (antigravitational hyperperfusion) due to cardiac congestion. V/P mismatch and reversed mismatch may be extensive enough to diminish dramatically preserved matching ventilation/perfusion and to induce severe hypoxemia in COVID-19.
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| 5. |
- Barauskas, Justas, et al.
(författare)
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Bioadhesive Lipid Compositions : Self-Assembly Structures, Functionality, and Medical Applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:3, s. 895-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid-based liquid crystalline compositions of phospholipids and diglycerides have unique bioadhesive properties with several medical applications, as exemplified by a lipid-based medical device indicated for management and relief of intraoral pain. The present paper describes the relation between self-assembly properties of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and glycerol dioleate (GDO) mixtures in the presence of aqueous fluids and functional attributes of the system, including: film formation and bioadhesion, intraoral coverage, acceptance by patients, and potential as a drug delivery system. The phase behavior of PC/GDO was characterized using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Functional properties, including the presence of study formulations at intraoral surfaces, ease of attachment, taste, and degree of and intraoral pain, were assessed in a crossover clinical pilot study in head and neck cancer patients. An optimum in functional properties was indicated for formulations with a PC/GDO weight ratio of about 35/65, where the lipids form a reversed cubic liquid crystalline micellar phase structure (Fd3m space group) over the relevant temperature range (25-40 degrees C).
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 8. |
- Castro-Carrizo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the 12CO J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 emission in AGB and early post-AGB circumstellar envelopes. I. The COSAS program, first sample
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 523:4, s. A59-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present COSAS (CO Survey of late AGB Stars), a project to map and analyze the 12CO J = 1−0 and J = 2−1 line emission in a representative sample of circumstellar envelopes around AGB and post-AGB stars. The survey was undertaken with the aim of investigating small- and large-scale morphological and kinematical properties of the molecular environment surrounding stars in the late AGB and early post-AGB phases. For this, COSAS combines the high sensitivity and spatial resolving power of the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer with the better capability of the IRAM 30 m telescope to map extended emission. The global sample encompasses 45 stars selected to span a range in chemical type, variability type, evolutionary state, and initial mass. COSAS provides means to quantify variations in the mass-loss rates, assess morphological and kinematical features, and to investigate the appearance of fast aspherical winds in the early post-AGB phase. This paper, which is the first of a series of COSAS papers, presents the results from the analyses of a first sample of 16 selected sources. The envelopes around late AGB stars are found to be mostly spherical, often mingled with features such as concentric arcs (R Cas and TX Cam), a broken spiral density pattern (TX Cam), molecular patches testifying to aspherical mass-loss (WX Psc, IK Tau, V Cyg, and S Cep), and also with well-defined axisymmetric morphologies and kinematical patterns (X Her and RX Boo). The sources span a wide range of angular sizes, from relatively compact (CRL 2362, OH 104.9+2.4 and CRL 2477) to very large (χ Cyg and TX Cam) envelopes, sometimes partially obscured by self-absorption features, which particularly for IK Tau and χ Cyg testifies to the emergence of aspherical winds in the innermost circumstellar regions. Strong axial structures with more or less complex morphologies are detected in four early post-AGB stars (IRAS 20028+3910, IRAS 23321+6545, IRAS 19475+3119 and IRAS 21282+5050) of the sub-sample.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dias,, Jacklyn, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Performance Evaluation of ADSL systems by using a Modem Diagnosis Methodology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Simpósio Brasileiro de Microondas e Optoeletrônica – Congresso Brasileiro de Eletromagnetismo.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents test methodologies to measure and evaluate performance of ADSL modems which take into account loss of packet rate, bit rate, and latency in transporting ADSL service scenario. This evaluation method can be used by ADSL provider (CO - Central Office) to guarantee the system quality and avoid low performance of service. In order to present this evaluation method, this paper considers a traffic generator, modems under test, a telephony local loop carring ADSL service, and DSLAM as the lab setup to perform such tests.
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| 11. |
- Dimander, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Documented nutritional therapy in relation to nutritional guidelines post burn injury : a retrospective observational study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier. - 2405-4577. ; 56, s. 222-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Intensive nutritional therapy is an essential component of burn care. Regardingpost-minor burn injuries, the literature is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate documentednutritional therapy in relation to international guidelines after both minor and major burn injuries. The secondary aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of energy and protein intake compared toindividual nutritional goals post-burn injury.Methods: A retrospective observational single-centre study including patients admitted between 2017and 2019 at a burn centre in Sweden was performed. The patients included in the study were >18 years old and in need of hospital care for > 72 h post-burn injury. Information about patients' demographics,nutritional therapy, and clinical characteristics of burn injury was collected. The patients were dividedaccording to total body surface area burnt (TBSA %) into minor burn injuries (TBSA <20%) and major burninjuries (TBSA >20%). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Adherence to guidelines wasestablished by comparing 24 nutritional therapy recommendations to documented treatment. If documented nutritional treatment were in accordance with guidelines, adherence was considered high(>80%), moderate (60-79.9%) or low (<59.9%).Results: One hundred thirty-four patients were included, 90 patients with minor burn injuries and 44patients with major burn injuries. Documented adherence to the nutritional guideline was overall low.After minor burn injury, 8% (2/24) of nutritional therapy recommendations had a high adherence (fatintake <35% of total energy intake and enteral nutrition as prioritized feeding route), 17% (4/24) amoderate adherence, and 75% (18/24) a low adherence. In patients treated after a major burn injury,there were two recommendations with documented high adherence (Vitamin C and Zinc); 25% (6/24)had moderate adherence, and 67% (16/24) had low adherence. In addition, quite a large amount ofmissing data was found.Adequacy of documented nutritional intake, compared to the individual documented goal, was 78%(±23%) for energy and 66% (±22%) for protein after minor burn injury. After major burn injury, the adequacy was 89% (±21%) for energy and 78% (±19%) for protein, respectively.Conclusions: This study revealed low adherence to nutritional guidelines in patients treated for minorand major burn injuries. Compared to major burn injuries, lower documented adequacy for both energyand proteins was found in minor burn injuries. Given the disparity between guidelines and documentednutritional therapy, and the lack of specific guidelines for minor burn injuries, there could be aconsiderable risk of inadequate nutritional therapy post-burn injury.
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| 12. |
- Dubrova, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Lightweight message authentication for constrained devices
- 2018
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Ingår i: WiSec 2018 - Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450357319 ; , s. 196-201
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Message Authentication Codes (MACs) used in today's wireless communication standards may not be able to satisfy resource limitations of simpler 5G radio types and use cases such as machine type communications. As a possible solution, we present a lightweight message authentication scheme based on the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). It has been previously shown that a CRC with an irreducible generator polynomial as the key is an -almost XOR-universal (AXU) hash function with = (m + n)/2n-1, where m is the message size and n is the CRC size. While the computation of n-bit CRCs can be efficiently implemented in hardware using linear feedback shift registers, generating random degree-n irreducible polynomials is computationally expensive for large n. We propose using a product of k irreducible polynomials whose degrees sum up to n as a generator polynomial for an n-bit CRC and show that the resulting hash functions are -AXU with = (m + n)k/2n -k. The presented message authentication scheme can be seen as providing a trade-off between security and implementation efficiency.
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| 13. |
- Dubrova, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Message authentication based on cryptographically secure CRC without polynomial irreducibility test
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cryptography and Communications. - : Springer. - 1936-2447 .- 1936-2455. ; 10:2, s. 383-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a message authentication scheme based on cryptographically secure cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Similarly to previously proposed cryptographically secure CRCs, the presented one detects both random and malicious errors without increasing bandwidth. The main difference from previous approaches is that we use random instead of irreducible generator polynomials. This eliminates the need for irreducibility tests. We provide a detailed quantitative analysis of the achieved security as a function of message and CRC sizes. The results show that the presented scheme is particularly suitable for the authentication of short messages.
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| 14. |
- Fertner, Antoni, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of Backscattering for the Study of Twisted Pair Transmission Lines
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480. ; 66:12, s. 5230-5237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of backscattering in copper cables has been recently observed and initially explicated. It can provide promising techniques to address the problem of loop diagnostic and maintenance. The backscattering is analyzed both in frequency and time domains. To demonstrate the practical use of the phenomenon, we estimate certain properties of the loop using wideband, high-frequency $\selevenf(f)$ measurements performed in the laboratory on real cables. The results corroborate the usefulness and accuracy of the investigated method.
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| 15. |
- Fertner, Antoni, et al.
(författare)
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Backscattering in Twisted-Pair Nonhomogeneous Transmission Lines
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480. ; 66:6, s. 2674-2682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of the communication networks tends gradually toward exploiting higher frequencies, sometimes even reaching the lowest microwave band (P-band). As the signal bandwidth used for transmission over twisted-pairs increases, as recommended by G.fast and other broadband systems, new phenomenon was observed, namely, backscattering. Motivated by the measurements of copper cables in frequency band up to 400 MHz, we propose a novel backscattering model. It may be productively applied to the problem of loop diagnostics. The methods to accurately and reliable determine the relevant transmission-line parameters are sine qua non condition to appropriately exploit the potential of short-to-medium range access lines. In this paper, a recursive formulation of the frequency-domain response of the backscattering is used for a space-time characterization. To confirm the practical use of the finding, we evaluate the properties of a loop using wideband, high-frequency S₁₁ measurements of the real cables. These laboratory results confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
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| 16. |
- Fridén, Michael
(författare)
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Role of Fatty Acid Composition in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a Dietary Perspective : Results from Interventional and Observational Studies
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the role of circulating, liver and dietary fatty acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For circulating and liver fatty acids, special emphasis was given to fatty acids reflecting diet.In paper I, circulating cholesteryl ester (CE) linoleic acid (18:2n-6), which is considered a good biomarker of dietary intake of 18:2n-6, was cross-sectionally inversely associated with liver fat in n=308 50-year old men and women. Several fatty acids reflecting both exogenous intake and endogenous metabolism were associated with liver fat, basal fat oxidation and resting energy expenditure (REE). No association between fatty acids and liver fat, except for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and liver fat, were attenuated after adjusting for REE. In paper II, phospholipid (PL) 22:6n-3 in liver tissue, a potential biomarker of dietary intake of 22:6n-3, was cross-sectionally inversely associated with liver fibrosis in n=60 men and women with biopsy-verified NAFLD. This finding was not replicated in plasma. Several other fatty acids reflecting both exogenous intake and endogenous metabolism were associated with fibrosis. Pooled saturated fatty acids (SFA) were generally positively associated whereas monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were inversely associated with fibrosis. In paper III, no clear (i.e. imprecise) associations were observed for any of the nutrient or food substitutions with incidence NAFLD cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), over a median follow-up of 24 years in n>77 000 middle-aged to elderly men and women. In paper IV, a 12-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to investigate the effects of a low-carbohydrate high PUFA (LCPUFA) diet and a healthy Nordic diet (HND) on liver fat in men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or prediabetes. The comparator diet (usual care (UC)) aligned with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Liver fat decreased more in the LCPUFA diet and the HND versus UC. No difference in liver fat was observed between LCPUFA and HND. The LCPUFA diet and the HND improved several other cardiometabolic markers compared to UC, with more favorable improvements in the HND group.In conclusion, findings from this thesis suggest that higher intakes of dietary unsaturated fatty acids (in particular PUFA) and lower intakes of SFA may be of importance for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD (at least for liver fat and fibrosis). Findings from this thesis also suggest that fatty acids reflecting both diet and endogenous metabolism may play a role in NAFLD.
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| 17. |
- Hagberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Lättviktsgrindar av höghållfast stål för säkrare djurhantering och arbetsmiljö
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lightweight gates of high-strength steel for improved worker safety and cattle handling This report presents the work with developing a lightweight gate of high-strength steel for the handling of cattle. The project was conducted as a European Innovation Partnership (EIP) project. The project group consisted of co-workers from the unit of Agriculture and Horticulture and the unit of Process and Environmental Engineering at Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE Jordbruk och trädgård och RISE Kretsloppsteknik), Parsteel AB (former Nilssons Plåtindustri AB), SSAB EMEA AB, Sophie Atkinson at Smart Animal Handling, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Skara and the cattle farmer Lars Olsson. The main objectives of the project were to develop a lightweight gate weighing at least 50% less and being three times as strong as a traditional gate for cattle handling. The main motive was to improve the ergonomic conditions and working environment for the animal handlers. Additionally, for the safety of both animals and handlers, the gate must withstand the loads from cattle. Other objectives were to design and construct a gate that does not exceed the price of a high-quality gate and not contribute to increased negative environmental impact. A lightweight gate can be made of various materials such as plastic, fiberglass or steel. Regarding the project group's participants and their competencies, in addition to the numerous requirements placed on a lightweight gate, the choice fell on high-strength steel. High-strength steel is characterized by having high yield strengths, up to 1300 MPa, in comparison with traditional construction steel with yield strength of 355 MPa. For the specific lightweight gate, steel pipes with a yield strength of approximately 750 MPa were chosen. These pipes are mainly used in the automotive and engine industry, where high demands are placed on strength while at the same time a light construction is desired. The gate itself was designed during the project and several details were examined and developed in regard to functionality and safety for both cattle and handlers. The work environment legislation states that gates must be dimensioned and anchored so that the animals cannot break out (AFS 2008:17). The gates must also not pose a risk of injury to the cattle. In order to work safely with cattle, knowledge of cattle behavior is essential and consequently the report contains a chapter describing cattle senses and behavior. Both the lightweight gates and the handling system, built up by the gates, must be adapted to the cattle. In the project, the bud box handling system was tested. The handling system was originally developed to make use of the behavioral characteristics of cattle to encourage forward movement in the desired direction. In the project the handling system's functionality and safety, by using lightweight gates and additional equipment and components, were further designed. The handling system was tested in two groups of heifers at the SLU Götala Beef and Lamb Research Centre. The lightweight gates were also tested in a dairy herd and a beef herd, while hoof trimming, and at a small-scale abattoir. Generally, the light weight of the gates was considered an advantage as the handling of the gates is simplified also resulting in more frequent use of the gates, increasing safety for both animals and humans. During the project, several strength tests were performed by building unique test rigs. In one test rig, the weld of the pipes of the lightweight gate was tested. In another test rig, the strength of lightweight gates, compared with traditional gates on the market, were tested. The outcome of the tests confirmed the original aim of the project, a lightweight gate made of high-strength steel, about 50% lighter and at least three times as strong as traditional gates, had been developed and designed during the project period.
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| 18. |
- Hatcher, Robert L., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the Working Alliance Inventory—Therapist version : Current and new short forms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 30:6, s. 706-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and its short forms are widely used, although the properties of the therapists? versions have been little studied. Method: We examined the psychometric properties of two short forms (WAI-S-T, WAI-SR-T), and explored the creation of a psychometrically stronger short form using contemporary measure development techniques. Well-fitting items from the full 36-item WAI were identified in a development sample (131 therapists, 688 patients) using multi-level Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling, accounting for therapist rated effects. Multi-level Item Response Theory (IRT) methods aided creation of a revised short form (WAI-S-T-IRT). Factor structures of the three forms were assessed using multi-level ML estimation with robust standard errors. Results: Collinearity problems for the Goal and Task dimensions led to testing a two-factor model (Goal?Task, Bond). All three measures showed satisfactory fit; the WAI-S-T-IRT fit slightly better but differences were minor. Testing the structures in an independent sample (N?=?1117) yielded essentially the same results. No version showed strong measurement invariance. Discussion: Continued use of current therapist forms is supported; differentiation of theoretical dimensions is difficult with current measures, and may not be possible with self-report forms.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hjelm, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Inkluderande medborgarskap : Perspektiv på social hållbar samhällsutveckling: exemplet Norrby
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I en tid av polarisering och globalisering blir frågor om gemensamhet och samhörighet, och vad som håller ett samhälle samman, allt viktigare. Syftet med denna skrift är att synliggöra innebörd och utmaningar som rör social hållbar samhällsutveckling. Med utgångspunkt från en specifik stadsdel, Norrby i Borås, exemplifieras och diskuteras den frågan utifrån några skilda perspektiv: hur kultur och delaktighet i samhällsplanering kan främja social hållbar utveckling, äldres livssituation och upplevelse av socialt medborgarskap samt inkluderingsprocesser i utbildning av barn och unga.Innehållet har sin grund i projektet ”Innovationsplattform Norrby”, ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Högskolan i Borås, Borås Stad (inkluderat Borås Energi och Miljö) samt SP (Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut) som genomförts under perioden 2013-2015. En del av det arbetet har utgjorts av frågor om ”Inkluderande medborgarskap”, vilket gett underlaget för denna rapport. Ett mål i det arbetet har varit att beskriva och analysera hinder och möjligheter för att främja social hållbar stadsutveckling.Inkluderande medborgarskap innebär en upplevelse av samhörighet och reella, likvärdiga förutsättningar att uppnå basala livsmål. Utgångpunkten är ett relationellt perspektiv som sätter fokus på social tillhörighet och samhörighet och som inrymmer kulturella och sociala dimensioner samt tillgång och tillgänglighet till samhälleliga resurser. Grunden för detta är respekten för alla människors lika värde och solidaritet mellan människor. Sammantaget speglar innehållet i rapporten frågor om möjligheter och utmaningar för att skapa ett socialt hållbart samhälle baserat på välfärd och rättvisa, där människor inte enbart har ett formellt medborgarskap utan även upplevelsen av ett socialt medborgarskap.
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| 21. |
- Höst, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Low complexity computation of the BT0 Hilbert twisted pair cable model
- 2010
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 195-199
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of the Hilbert transform the standardized BT0 twisted pair cable model can be rederived as a causal model with lower order, denoted BT0$_H$. In the present contribution the computational complexity of the BT0$_H$ model is decreased as the Hilbert transform is approximated with a look-up table implemented as a polynomial approximation. This results in a model of lower complexity than BT0$_H$ and lower order than the original BT0 model. Finally a comparison on causality of the considered models is presented.
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| 22. |
- Johanneson, B, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of genome-scans performed in multicase families with systemic lupus erythematosus from different population groups
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8411. ; 13, s. 137-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of unknown etiology. Multiple genetic factors are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. In addition, and due to genetic heterogeneity, these factors and/or their combinations may be different in different ethnic groups, while some might be shared between populations. We have performed genome scans in multicase families from three different population groups, two from Northern Europe, with a high degree of homogeneity, and the third from a recently admixed population of Mexican Mestizos. Although our family material is relatively small, the results presented here show that using family sets from well defined populations are sufficient to detect susceptibility loci for SLE. Our results also reveal the chromosomal regions most likely to contain susceptibility genes for SLE.
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| 23. |
- Klysing, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Stereotype Content at the Intersection of Gender and Sexual Orientation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), the content of stereotypes differs on two dimensions: communion and agency. Research shows that for stereotypes about the general gender categories of “women” and “men,” there is an ambivalent pattern of communion and agency, where high levels on one dimension are associated with low levels on the other. For sexual minority stereotypes, a gender inversion has been found, whereas homosexual women are seen as more similar to men in general than to women in general, whereas homosexual men are seen as more similar to women in general than to men in general. However, there is limited research on how stereotype content for general groups relate to stereotype content for subgroups with intersecting category memberships. This research addresses this gap by investigating stereotype content at the intersection of gender and sexual orientation, including stereotype content for general gender groups, heterosexual groups, homosexual groups, and bisexual groups. In Study 1, a community sample from Sweden (N = 824) rated perceived communion and agency for women and men in general, as well as hetero-, homo-, and bisexual women and men. In Study 2, a nationally representative Swedish sample (N = 424) performed the same rating task, and in addition completed Single-Category IATs (SC-IATs) for warmth and competence. Results from both studies show that the stereotype content for the general categories “women” and “men” overlap with the stereotype content for heterosexual same-gender targets. Homosexual and bisexual groups were rated as more similar to their non-congruent gender category than same gender heterosexual categories were, but stereotype content for sexual minority groups did not overlap with either general gender categories, thus showing only incomplete gender inversion of stereotype content. Implicit associations between “women” and “warmth” were significantly stronger than associations between “men” and “warmth.” There were no other significant relations between implicit associations to warmth/competence and gender or sexual orientation. Theoretical and methodological implications for future research into intersectional stereotype content are presented, including how the findings inform the co-dependent relationship between a binary gender structure and a heteronormative ideology.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Lidström, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework For Testing Data Driven Underwater Link Adaptation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 Sixth Underwater Communications And Networking Conference (UCOMMS). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To make full use of the underwater acoustic channel, a high degree of adaptivity is typically required. A novel framework for efficient evaluation of link adaptation employing channel replay simulation with Watermark and a lookup table is proposed. The approach is used to compare link adaptation based on SNR and CRC feedback using measured sea data. The best performance is obtained with a CRC criterion since it detects if a communication link has poor behaviour. The method is further improved by introducing a memory mechanism that disables a link with repeated low reliability.
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| 28. |
- Lindqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Do we trust the poor? Probing a game paradigm for measuring discriminatory behavior
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present research was to evaluate a computerized version of the Trust game as amethod for studying real-life decisions and discriminatory behavior towards the poor. The stereotype of the poor typically consists of low perceived competence and medium/high perceived warmth. According to the BIAS map (Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes), this should trigger behavioral tendencies of passive harm towards the poor, as compared to the ‘average man’ which served as our control condition, and could be expected to receive facilitatory behavior. The participants (n = 210) played a trust game online with someone portrayed to have either low or medium-high socio-economic status – while they in fact played with the computer. Their task was to decide to what extent they could trust the other player: if both collaborated they would receive the maximum reward. The results indicate that very few participants suspected that they were not playing with an actual person. Some of their responses in the trust game can be interpreted as being in line with the BIAS map, i.e. tendencies of passive harm towards the player with low SES and passive facilitation towards the player with medium-high SES. This suggests that a computerized trust game with a simulated other player may be a viable method for investigating real-life collaboative behavior. Remaining psychometric challenges are discussed.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lindqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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How predictions of economic behavior are affected by the socio-economic status of the target person
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-1183 .- 0022-4545. ; 158:3, s. 361-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how the stereotype of the poor (vs. middle class) influences behavioral predictions. In Study 1, participants made predictions regarding another person’s economic behavior in scenarios pertaining to rate of time preferences (loss, gain of smaller and larger amount). We find that participants, across scenarios, expect individuals with low SES to show more short-sightedness—i.e., steeper temporal discounting. This pattern persisted until strong diagnostic information about previous economic behavior was provided. These results are novel but consistent with previous work on stereotype application. Study 2 probed stereotype accuracy. Participants with lower vs. higher SES reported how they would act in scenarios matching those of Study 1. We find that they respond very similarly, which is in contrast to the stereotype that poor people are more short-sighted and may possibly be taken to suggest that the association between low SES and short-sightedness is biased.
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| 31. |
- Lindqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The perception of the poor: Capturing stereotype content with different measures
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1904-0016 .- 1901-2276. ; 69:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though Sweden stands out in many ways, with for example a well-developed welfare system, there are some indications that Swedish egalitarianism does not include tolerance for people with low income. The present research concerns the content of the Swedish stereotype of poor people, and examines whether the poor are associated with just as negative traits as they are in other countries. Three different measurement methods were employed to investigate the contents and strength of the stereotype. In Study 1, participants freely associated on the perceived characteristics of Swedish citizens who receive welfare benefits. They also provided ratings of this group on traits related to warmth and competence. Study 2 employed both trait ratings and implicit measures (Single Category-IATs) in order to estimate the strength of the associations between the poor and warmth/competence, respectively. Across the different measures, the poor were associated with low competence and low–medium warmth. This corroborates the findings from previous research related to the Stereotype Content Model in other countries.
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| 32. |
- Lindqvist, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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What can we learn from local substance flow analyses? The review of cadmium flows in Swedish municipalities
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 12:8-10, s. 909-918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local authorities are important actors in the transition towards sustainable development. They can play important roles for the promotion of industrial ecology systems oriented management of resources and pollutants on the local and regional level. In this context, the method of substance flow analysis (SFA) has been argued to be supportive to municipal environmental management, although, performing an SFA is often time consuming and demands a great deal of work. It may be a task hard to fulfil on a regular basis for many local authorities. A crucial issue is, then, to what extent it is possible to learn from other SFA studies? Aiming to contribute to this understanding, this paper analyses comparative results of SFA case studies of the cadmium metabolism in three structurally different municipalities in Sweden. The analyses illustrate that in addition to specific knowledge gained from a single case study, there is also general knowledge that may constitute important information for environmental decision-making in other local authorities. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Lindqvist, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidal Intent and the HPA-Axis Characteristics of Suicide Attempters with Major Depressive Disorder and Adjustment Disorders.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 12:3, s. 197-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of the study was to investigate Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis characteristics in relation to suicidal intent among suicide attempters with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Adjustment Disorders (AD). The relationship between suicidal intent, assessed by means of the Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS), and serum cortisol after a Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) was investigated in 78 suicide attempters, divided into diagnostic subgroups. There was a significant negative correlation between suicidal intent and post DST cortisol in patients with MDD. Our findings may be attributed to pathophysiological processes, where a high suicidal intent is revealed during a potential chronic course of MDD, which in turnresults in a seemingly normal stress system.
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| 34. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and localization of load coils from one-port measurements
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456. ; 59:7, s. 1972-1982
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThis paper deals with detection and localization of load coils in the copper access network. The load coil is a legacy device that must be removed before deploying broadband services on twisted-pair transmission lines. The proposed methods do not require dedicated hardware but utilize the already installed transceivers for one-port measurements of the line input impedance. The number of load coils is detected by counting the number of resonance peaks in the line impedance spectrum. An approximative model of the symmetric loaded line is presented, from which a low-complexity load coil locator is derived. For nonsymmetric lines, a load coil locator using model-based optimization is proposed. The two methods are compared and evaluated by computer simulations and by laboratory measurements on real transmission lines. The estimation results indicate that up to five load coils can be robustly detected and located with the proposed methods.
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| 35. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik
(författare)
-
Estimation and detection of transmission line characteristics in the copper access network
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The copper access-network operators face the challenge of developing and maintaining cost-effective digital subscriber line (DSL) services that are competitive to other broadband access technologies. The way forward is dictated by the demand of ever increasing data rates on the twisted-pair copper lines. To meet this demand, a relocation of the DSL transceivers in cabinets closer to the customers are often necessary combined with a joint expansion of the accompanying optical-fiber backhaul network. The equipment of the next generation copper network are therefore becoming more scattered and geographically distributed, which increases the requirements of automated line qualification with fault detection and localization. This scenario is addressed in the first five papers of this dissertation where the focus is on estimation and detection of transmission line characteristics in the copper access network. The developed methods apply model-based optimization with an emphasis on using low-order modeling and a priori information of the given problem. More specifically, in Paper I a low-order and causal cable model is derived based on the Hilbert transform. This model is successfully applied in three contributions of this dissertation. In Paper II, a class of low-complexity unbiased estimators for the frequency-dependent characteristic impedance is presented that uses one-port measurements only. The so obtained characteristic impedance paves the way for enhanced time domain reflectometry (a.k.a. TDR) on twisted-pair lines. In Paper III, the problem of estimating a nonhomogeneous and dispersive transmission line is investigated and a space-frequency optimization approach is developed for the DSL application. The accompanying analysis shows which parameters are of interest to estimate and further suggests the introduction of the concept capacitive length that overcomes the necessity of a priori knowledge of the physical line length. In Paper IV, two methods are developed for detection and localization of load coils present in so-called loaded lines. In Paper V, line topology identification is addressed with varying degree of a priori information. In doing so, a model-based optimization approach is employed that utilizes multi-objective evolutionary computation based on one/two-port measurements. A complement to transceiver relocation that potentially enhances the total data throughput in the copper access network is dynamic spectrum management (DSM). This promising multi-user transmission technique aims at maximizing the transmission rates, and/or minimizing the power consumption, by mitigating or cancelling the dominating crosstalk interference between twisted-pair lines in the same cable binder. Hence the spectral utilization is improved by optimizing the transmit signals in order to minimize the crosstalk interference. However, such techniques rely on accurate information of the (usually) unknown crosstalk channels. This issue is the main focus of Paper VI and VII of this dissertation in which Paper VI deals with estimation of the crosstalk channels between twisted-pair lines. More specifically, an unbiased estimator for the square-magnitude of the crosstalk channels is derived from which a practical procedure is developed that can be implemented with standardized DSL modems already installed in the copper access network. In Paper VII the impact such a non-ideal estimator has on the performance of DSM is analyzed and simulated. Finally, in Paper VIII a novel echo cancellation algorithm for DMT-based DSL modems is presented.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik
(författare)
-
Estimation of line properties in the copper access network
- 2009
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The copper access-network operators face the challenge of developing and maintaining cost-effective digital subscriber line (DSL) services that are competitive to other broadband access technologies. The way forward is dictated by the demand of ever increasing data rates on the twisted-pair copper lines. This forces a deployment of the DSL transceivers in cabinets closer to the customers with a joint expansion of the accompanying optical-fiber backhaul network. The equipment of the next generation copper network is therefore becoming more scattered and geographically distributed, which often leads to increased maintenance for the operator. Another challenge for the operators is to maintain high quality of service even when the signal-to-noise-ratio margin is reduced in favor of higher bit-rates, required by new services such as IP-TV and high-definition TV (HD-TV). Moreover, the emerging multi-user techniques for increasing the total throughput in the copper network utilize spectrum management, which relies on accurate information of the usually unknown crosstalk channels in the cable binders. What these challenges have in common is the need of an efficient tool for estimating the properties and the states of the transmission lines. A viable solution is to use the already installed DSL transceivers for line qualification and monitoring, combined with rapid fault detection and localization, in order to prevent unnecessary and costly manual intervention. This thesis addresses estimation of various kinds of line properties based on one-port or two-port measurements. For the purpose of line qualification and fault detection, the focus is on: low-order and causal cable modeling (Paper I), estimation of the characteristic impedance (Paper II), detection and localization of load coils (Paper III), and estimation of line topology (Paper IV). For the application of dynamic spectrum management (DSM), the focus is on: estimation of the crosstalk channels (Paper V) and the impact of estimation errors on the DSM performance (Paper VI). Finally, estimation of the echo transfer function for echo cancellation is addressed (Paper VII).
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| 38. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of Nonhomogeneous and Multi-Section Twisted-Pair Transmission-Line Parameters
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480. ; 63:11, s. 3568-3578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In emerging and future copper access networks, the trend goes towards exploiting higher transmission bandwidths on shorter twisted-pair cables. Methods to accurately determine relevant transmission-line parameters are a prerequisite to exploit the potential of these short-to-medium range access lines. In this paper, we propose a model-based space-frequency optimization approach initially developed for microwave applications. By utilizing the concept of capacitive length, two major advances are achieved. First, we overcome the requirement of a priori information of physical line length. Second, the number of parameters is reduced compared to prior art. We introduce two estimators to illustrate the concept. A low-complexity estimator with only two parameters per spatial unit primarily targets higher frequencies. A wideband estimator with three parameters per spatial unit extends to the lower frequencies used by operational digital subscriber line services. Performance and limitations of the approach are illustrated by both computer simulations and measurements.
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| 39. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Low-order and causal twisted-pair cable modeling by means of the Hilbert transform
- 2008
-
Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. ; , s. 301-310
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new low-order and causal twisted-pair cable model for the copper access network is derived. From the serial resistance of the widely used, but non-causal, BT0 model, the serial inductance is computed via the Hilbert transform. By doing so, a causal cable model is obtained containing fewer parameters compared to the BT0 model. The deviation between the two models is evaluated for the standardized ETSI cables.
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| 40. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Ready for Academic Vocabulary?
- 2018
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Ingår i: ASEAN-ELT 2018. - Malaysia.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Academic vocabulary is an important part of studying at higher forms of education, something which is becoming increasingly important in a globalized world. There is little research done on how well prepared students deem themselves to be for the higher education requirements in e.g. English when they leave upper secondary school and whether they are able to assess their vocabulary skills with any degree of accuracy. In a master thesis a mixed method approach was used to explore this. Questionnaires were administered to a group of students enrolled in English at an upper secondary school in Sweden where they were asked to self-assess their vocabulary using the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). A few follow up interviews were then conducted to get a deeper understanding the students’ self-assessments. A vocabulary test was also administered and the results compared to the self-assessment. The results indicate that high performing students consider themselves well prepared for university studies but overestimate their vocabulary size and mastery of it, indicating that Swedish students may not have a realistic view of their abilities and not meet the curriculum’s goals.
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| 41. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Assessment of Academic Vocabulary among Swedish Upper Secondary School Pupils
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Pertanika Journals Social Sciences & Humanities. - 0128-7702 .- 2231-8534. ; 27:2, s. 747-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academic vocabulary, an essential aspect of higher education, is becoming increasingly important for pupils to master as larger groups go on to university studies. There is however little research done on how well-prepared Swedish pupils deem themselves to be for the higher educational requirements in English as a foreign language and whether they are able to assess their vocabulary skills with any degree of accuracy. In this article, a mixed method approach was used to explore a group of pupils’ (N=45) self-efficacy, and selfassessment with regards to vocabulary size and mastery using the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency scales. A vocabulary test was then administered and the results were compared to their self-assessments. A few follow up interviews were conducted to get a deeper understanding the pupils’ reasoning. The results indicate that high performing pupils consider themselves well prepared for university studies but tend to overestimate their vocabulary skills, indicating that Swedish pupils may not meet the curriculum’s goals of having developed a realistic view of their language level and competence.
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| 42. |
- Lindqvist, Jakob, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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A General Framework for Ensemble Distribution Distillation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 30th International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). - : IEEE. - 9781728166629 ; 2020-September
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensembles of neural networks have shown to give better predictive performance and more reliable uncertainty estimates than individual networks. Additionally, ensembles allow the uncertainty to be decomposed into aleatoric (data) and epistemic (model) components, giving a more complete picture of the predictive uncertainty. Ensemble distillation is the process of compressing an ensemble into a single model, often resulting in a leaner model that still outperforms the individual ensemble members. Unfortunately, standard distillation erases the natural uncertainty decomposition of the ensemble. We present a general framework for distilling both regression and classification ensembles in a way that preserves the decomposition. We demonstrate the desired behaviour of our framework and show that its predictive performance is on par with standard distillation.
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| 43. |
- Lindqvist, Jakob, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Generalised Active Learning With Annotation Quality Selection
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, MLSP. - 2161-0371 .- 2161-0363. ; 2023-September
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we promote a general formulation of active learning (AL), wherein the typically binary decision to annotate a point or not is extended to selecting the qualities with which the points should be annotated. By linking the annotation quality to the cost of acquiring the label, we can trade a lower quality for a larger set of training samples, which may improve learning for the same annotation cost. To investigate this AL formulation, we introduce a concrete criterion, based on the mutual information (MI) between model parameters and noisy labels, for selecting annotation qualities for the entire dataset, before any labels are acquired. We illustrate the usefulness of our formulation with examples for both classification and regression and find that MI is a good candidate for a criterion, but its complexity limits its usefulness.
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| 44. |
- Lindqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Affect-Focused Psychodynamic Internet-Based Therapy for Adolescent Depression : Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto, ON, Canada : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 22:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescent depression is one of the largest health issues in the world and there is a pressing need for effective and accessible treatments.Objective: This trial examines whether affect-focused internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with therapist support is more effective than an internet-based supportive control condition on reducing depression in adolescents.Methods: The trial included 76 adolescents (61/76, 80% female; mean age 16.6 years), self-referred via an open access website and fulfilling criteria for major depressive disorder. Adolescents were randomized to 8 weeks of IPDT (38/76, 50%) or supportive control (38/76, 50%). The primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms, measured with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for Adolescents (QIDS-A17-SR). Secondary outcomes were anxiety severity, emotion regulation, self-compassion, and an additional depression measure. Assessments were made at baseline, postassessment, and at 6 months follow-up, in addition to weekly assessments of the primary outcome measure as well as emotion regulation during treatment.Results: IPDT was significantly more effective than the control condition in reducing depression (d=0.82, P=.01), the result of which was corroborated by the second depression measure (d=0.80, P<.001). IPDT was also significantly more effective in reducing anxiety (d=0.78, P<.001) and increasing emotion regulation (d=0.97, P<.001) and self-compassion (d=0.65, P=.003). Significantly more patients in the IPDT group compared to the control group met criteria for response (56% vs 21%, respectively) and remission (35% vs 8%, respectively). Results on depression and anxiety symptoms were stable at 6 months follow-up. On average, participants completed 5.8 (SD 2.4) of the 8 modules.Conclusions: IPDT may be an effective intervention to reduce adolescent depression. Further research is needed, including comparisons with other treatments.Trial Registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 16206254; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16206254
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| 45. |
- Lindqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
“I didn’t have to look her in the eyes”—participants’ experiences of the therapeutic relationship in internet-based psychodynamic therapy for adolescent depression
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 34:5, s. 648-662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore young people’s perceptions of the relationship with the therapist in internet-based psychodynamic treatment for adolescent depression.Method: As a part of a randomized controlled trial, 18 adolescents aged 15–19 were interviewed after participating in treatment. Interviews followed a semi-structured interview schedule and were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The findings are reported around four main themes: “a meaningful and significant relationship with someone who cared”, “a helping relationship with someone who guided and motivated me through therapy”; “a relationship made safer and more open by the fact that we didn’t have to meet” and “a nonsignificant relationship with someone I didn’t really know and who didn’t know me”.Conclusion: Even when contact is entirely text-based, it is possible to form a close and significant relationship with a therapist in internet-based psychodynamic treatment. Clinicians need to monitor the relationship and seek to repair ruptures when they emerge.
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| 46. |
- Lindqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Multilevel Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Feeling Word Checklist-24
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Assessment. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1073-1911 .- 1552-3489. ; 24:7, s. 907-918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotional reactions are a vital part of the therapeutic relationship. The Feeling Word Checklist-24 (FWC-24) is an instrument asking the clinician (or the patient) to report to what degree he or she has experienced various feelings during a therapeutic interaction. The aim of this study was to assess the factor structure of the clinician-rated FWC-24 when taking dependencies in the data into account. The sample was deliberately heterogeneous and consisted of 4,443 ratings made by 101 psychotherapists working with different psychotherapy methods in relation to 191 patients of different ages, genders, and with different primary diagnoses. A random intercept-only model revealed large intraclass correlation coefficients at the therapist level, indicating that a multilevel analysis was warranted. A two-level exploratory factor analysis with therapists as the between level and patients plus sessions as the within level was conducted. The items from FWC-24 were found to be best represented by four factors on the between level and four factors on the within level. The factor structures were largely similar on the two levels and were labeled Engaged, Inadequate, Relaxed, and Moved. The different factors explained different amounts of variance on different levels, indicating that some factors are more therapist dependent and some more patient dependent.
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| 47. |
- Lindqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Therapeutic alliance is calming and curing - The interplay between alliance and emotion regulation as predictors of outcome in Internet-based treatments for adolescent depression
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 91:7, s. 426-437, s. 73-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Therapeutic alliance is one of the most stable predictors of outcome in psychotherapy, regardless of theoretical orientation. The alliance–outcome relationship in internet-based treatments has been investigated with mixed results. There is preliminary evidence that emotion regulation can work as a mediator for the alliance–outcome relationship. The present study aimed to investigate whether alliance predicted outcome session by session in two internet-based treatments for adolescent depression, and whether this relationship was mediated by emotion regulation.Method: Two hundred and seventy-two participants aged 15–19 years and diagnosed with depression were randomized to 10 weeks of internet-based psychodynamic or cognitive behavioral treatment. Both therapists and patients rated the alliance weekly. Patients also rated depressive symptoms and emotion regulation weekly. Analyses were made using cross-lagged panel modeling.Results: Alliance, as rated by both therapist and patient, predicted depression scores the following week. Emotion regulation rated by the patient also predicted depression scores the following week. Furthermore, alliance scores predicted emotion regulation scores the following week, which in turn predicted depression scores the week after, supporting the hypothesis that alliance influences outcome partly through emotion regulation. There were no group differences in any of these relationships.Conclusion: Alliance seems to play an important role in internet-based treatments, partly through emotion regulation. Clinicians working with text-based treatments should pay attention to the working alliance.
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| 48. |
- Lindqvist, Michael, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
MERLIN observations of OH/IR stars
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th European VLBI Network Symposium on The role of VLBI in the Golden Age for Radio Astronomy and EVN Users Meeting.. ; , s. 81-83
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Lindqvist, Michael, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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MERLIN observations of OH/IR stars
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - 1824-8039. ; 72
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present MERLIN OH 1612 MHz observations towards 3 OH/IR stars, OH15.7+0.8, OH38.3+1.9 and IRAS 19319+2214. The main objective of the project is to investigate if their complicated OH 1612 MHz spectral properties can be related to the phenomenon of highly time-variable mass loss found towards a handful of carbon stars, where detached shells with an overall spherical symmetry are present. Despite extensive searches, no oxygen-rich star with such a shell has been found in any molecular emission. Based on the MERLIN data however, we find that the circumstellar structure of the three OH/IR stars appears to be more complicated than that of detached shells. Signs of bipolarity in the outflows of OH38.3+1.9 and IRAS 19319+2214 could indicate that these are early post-AGB objects.
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| 50. |
- Mechler, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion Regulation as a Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Covariate Predicts Outcome in an Internet-Based Psychodynamic Treatment Targeting Adolescent Depression
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Although psychodynamic psychotherapy is efficacious in the treatment of depression, research on mechanisms of change is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how emotion regulation affects outcome both as a time-invariant and a lagged time-varying predictor.Method: The sample consisted of 67 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder, attending affect-focused psychodynamic internet-based treatment (IPDT). Linear mixed models were used to analyze emotion regulation as a baseline predictor and to assess the effect of within-person changes in emotion regulation on depression.Results: Analyses suggested that emotion regulation at baseline was a significant predictor of outcome, where participants with relatively larger emotion regulation deficits gained more from IPDT. Further, the results showed a significant effect of improved emotion regulation on subsequent depressive symptomatology. When not controlling for time, increased emotion regulation explained 41.23% of the variance in subsequent symptoms of depression. When detrending the results were still significant, but the amount of explained variance was reduced to 8.7%.Conclusion: The findings suggest that patients with relatively larger deficits in emotion regulation gain more from IPDT. Decreased emotion regulation deficits seem to act as a mechanism of change in IPDT as it drives subsequent changes in depression.International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 16206254, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN16206254.
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