| 1. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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A cost-benefit analysis of the community-based injury prevention programme in Motala, Sweden—a WHO Safe Community
- 2001
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Ingår i: Public Health. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 115:5, s. 317-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective in this study was to calculate costs and benefits caused by a safe community injury prevention programme in Motala, Sweden. The study design was a quasi-experimental evaluation involving an intervention population and a non-random control population. All injuries were recorded before and after an intervention programme. The presented calculations show that costs of injuries in a societal perspective decreased from 116 million Swedish Crowns (SEK) to 96 million SEK, while the cost for the intervention was estimated at approximately 10 million SEK. Thus, the safe community injury prevention programme in Motala should be judged as cost-effective.
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| 2. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-
(författare)
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Economic impact of injuries according to type of injury
- 2002
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Ingår i: Croatian Medical Journal. - 0353-9504 .- 1332-8166. ; 43:4, s. 386-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim. Analysis of the economic impact of injuries that occurred within a year in Motala district - a World Health Organization Safe Community. Method. A survey of all types of injury that occurred in an area with the total population of over 41,000 within a 12-month period (October 1, 1983, to September 30, 1984). All injuries that required medical care were noted. Included in the costs of injuries were the marginal costs to medical care, companies, and the health insurance system. Results. There were 4,926 injuries that required medical care. The costs of injuries were SEK 23.7 million (US$3.59 million) for the health care service (outpatient care, including primary health care and hospital care), SEK 79.7 million (US$12.08 million) for trade and industry, and SEK 9.1 million (US$1.38 million) for health insurance system. Home injuries accounted for the largest share of community costs (29%). Men accounted for the highest share of both the cost to the community (59%) and health insurance expenditures (70%) for injuries. In case of home injuries, the cost of medical care dominated among women (46%), whereas company costs dominated among men (77%). Serious injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale-AIS-3) accounted for 16% of the total cost to the community, but constituted only 3% of all injuries. Moderate injuries (AIS-2) accounted for 69% of the cost and made up 48% of the injuries, whereas minor injuries (AIS-1) accounted for 12% of the cost and constituted 49% of all injuries. Injuries to the extremities accounted in all for 74% of the cost to the community. Conclusion. The cost of injuries can be analyzed in relation to different characteristics of injuries, which can provide a comprehensive view of the injury profile and its economic impact according to the type of injury.
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| 3. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a child safety program based on the WHO Safe Community model
- 2002
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 8:1, s. 23-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of the World Health Organization (WHO) Safe Community model with respect to child injuries.Study design: A population based quasiexperimental design was used. Cross sectional pre-implementation and post-implementation data were collected in intervention (Motala municipality) and control (Mjölby municipality) areas, both in Östergötland county, Sweden.Results: The total relative risk of child injury in the intervention community decreased more (odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.81) than in a control community exposed only to national level injury prevention programs (0.93; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.05). The relative risk of moderately (abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 2) severe injury in the study area was reduced to almost a half (odds ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.57), whereas the risk of minor (AIS 1) injuries decreased only slightly (odds ratio 0.89; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.99). The risk of severe or fatal (AIS 3–6) injuries remained constant.Conclusions: After introduction of an injury prevention program based on the WHO Safe Community model, the relative risk for child injury in the intervention community decreased significantly more than in a control community exposed only to national injury prevention programs.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an inter-organizational prevention program against injuries among the elderly in a WHO Safe Community
- 2001
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Ingår i: Public Health. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 115:5, s. 308-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of a participatory community-based prevention program against injuries among the elderly. A population-based quasi-experimental design was used with pre- and post-implementation measurements in an intervention and a control area. The program was based on cross-sectoral participation in detecting and taking action against injuries among the elderly. Change in the relative risk of injury was estimated by the odds ratio. Morbidity in moderately (AIS 2) severe injury in the study area was reduced from 46 per 1000 population years to 25 per 1000 population years (odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.65), while the minor (AIS 1) injuries increased (odds ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.91). The risk of severe or fatal (AIS 3-6) injuries remained constant. In the study area, only a slight decrease in the total morbidity rate was observed (odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.77-0.99). In the control area, there was no evident change in the total morbidity rates. Falls decreased or showed a tendency to decrease in the age groups 65 to 79-y-old in the study area, while they increased in the older age group. The results indicate that no sharp boundaries should be drawn between safety education, physical conditioning, environmental adjustments and secondary prevention measures when planning safety promotion among the elderly. Future studies should address these issues along with the methodological complexity associated with assessment of participatory community-based safety promotion programs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of inter-organizational traffic injury prevention in a WHO safe community
- 2001
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 33:5, s. 599-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to examine the effect of a community-based injury prevention program on traffic injuries. A population-based quasi-experimental design was used with pre- and post-implementation measurements in an intervention and a control area. The program was based on inter-organizational participation in detecting and taking action against traffic injuries. The total relative risk for traffic injury in the study area showed only a tendency to decrease following program exposure (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.02). No change in relative risk was observed in the control area. The analyses of program impact on injury severity showed that the relative risk for moderate injuries in the study area was reduced by almost half (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.69), the risk for severe or fatal injuries remained constant (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.80-2.02), and the risk for minor injuries increased (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.59). The relative risk for moderate injuries was reduced by at least half for mopedists, cyclists, pedestrians, and those leaving or entering a motor vehicle. Community-based injury prevention can be a complement to national traffic safety programs. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-
(författare)
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Towards community-based injury prevention : the Motala model
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the Swedish County of Östergötland a comprehensive health policyprogramme including accidents was decided by the health authorities in 1988. An accident prevention programme (the "Motala Accident Prevention Study") had already started with an epidemiological analysis of accidents in the community. The Motala study is based on Bracht and Kingsbury's five-stage model of community development: community analysis, design and initiation, implementation, maintenance, and reassessment.The scientific reporting of the Motala study in this thesis is based on selected parts of the five-stage model and is grouped into reports from the community analysis (the main study) and an intervention study. The aim was to describe the panorama of accidents, their causes and effects in a defined community, and to account for the economic consequences of these accidents. A secondary aim was to provide an epidemiological basis for a sports accident prevention programme and out of that design such a programme, and to evaluate the effects of loan programmes on infant car restraints. In forthcoming papers other parts of the different stages of the model will be presented.Total population injury surveillance was performed in an area with apopulation of over 41,000. All accidents (N= 4,926) occurring within a 12-month period and requiring medical care were noted, giving a ratio of 118.9 per 1,000. They consisted of accidents in the home (35.0%), sports accidents (18.9%), accidents at work (13.7%), traffic accidents (12.8%), and "other" accidents (19.5%). Half of the victims covered by health insurance were put on sick leave in connection with the accident, and 12.6% of these were admitted to hospital. The age-group 13-19 years, and men between 20-29 years of age, showed the highest accident rate. The total cost to society for people in the labour force, including treatment cost and production loss, was 103.4 million SEK (15.7 million USD). The cost to society of uninsured people for time lost from "normal activities" because of an accident was estimated at 43.1 million SEK (6.5 million USD). There are three important conclusions with regard to the economic consequences of accidents. Firstly, it appears important to assess not only the productive working time of the injured people, but also other time, in which normal activities are restricted. Secondly, the findings reveal the conflict between the utilitarian and the dutybased ethical basis of health care activities. Thirdly, the results show the need for well-controlled studies with alternatives to show the effects of different actions.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Nolén, Sixten, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A local bicycle helmet ‘law’ in a Swedish municipality : the structure and process of initiation and implementation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Injury control and safety promotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1566-0974 .- 1744-4985. ; 9:2, s. 89-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On May 1, 1996, the Municipality of Motala in Sweden introduced a local bicycle helmet ‘law.’ It is, however, not an official law in a legal sense, but a municipally endorsed recommendation supported by promotional activities. This ‘law’ applies to children (ages 6–12), although the objective is to increase helmet use among cyclists of all ages. The study is a qualitative evaluation of the structure and process during initiation and implementation of the Motala bicycle helmet law. The aim was to describe the activities that were carried out, which actors took part and the opinions of the most closely involved actors. The results are based on analysis of written material and on interviews with eight of the actors. The mass media focused much attention on the bicycle helmet law, especially during the first six months after its introduction. The name helmet law was presumably of significance in this context. It is essential that relevant target groups provide sufficient support and that committed individuals initiate and promote the work, which, however, must not become dependent on a single individual. All issues concerning bicycle helmets should be coordinated with the law. Also, continuous engagement of the municipal government and a strategy for the control and follow-up of the law are needed. Local bicycle helmet laws of this type have a potential to produce a long-lasting effect on helmet use, provided some of the problems encountered can be avoided and some of the promotional activities are intensified.
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| 13. |
- Nolén, Sixten, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A local bicycle helmet ‘law’ in a Swedish municipality : the effects on helmet use
- 2004
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Ingår i: Injury control and safety promotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1566-0974 .- 1744-4985. ; 11:1, s. 39-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The municipality of Motala in Sweden introduced a local bicycle helmet ‘law’ on May 1, 1996. This is not a legally enacted ordinance, but instead a legislated recommendation backed up by information and education. Formally, the law applies to children (aged 6–12 years), although the intention is to increase helmet use by all cyclists. The objective of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the Motala helmet law on observed use of helmets by children and adults. Bicycle helmet use was monitored in Motala (n = 2,458/year) and in control towns (n = 17,818/year) both before and after adoption of the helmet law (1995–1998). Chi-square tests showed that helmet wearing 1995–1998 increased in Motala among all bicyclists (from 6.1% to 10.5%) and adults biking on cycle paths (from 1.8% to 7.6%). Helmet use by school children aged 6–12 increased during the first 6 months after introduction of the law (from 65.0% to 75.7%) but then progressively decreased to the pre-law level. Considering children cycling on cycle paths and for recreation in housing areas, there was a tendency towards increased helmet use during the first post-law year, but this was followed by a reduction to a lower level in 1998 than in 1995. Logistic regression analysis taking into account data from the control towns indicated that the helmet law had a positive effect on children cycling to schools during the first 6 months, and a weak delayed but more long-term positive effect on adult cyclists on cycle paths. There were no positive effects on children in housing areas and on cycle paths. The Motala helmet law probably would have had greater and more lasting effects on helmet use by bicyclists, if certain problems had been avoided during the initiation phase. Moreover, although it did have a positive influence on both school children and adults, it is not legally binding, and hence no penalties can be imposed. Presumably, compulsory legislation would have a more substantial impact on helmet wearing than a non-mandatory helmet ‘law’ such as that introduced in Motala.
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| 14. |
- Nolén, Sixten, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Bicycle helmet use in Sweden during the 1990s and in the future
- 2005
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Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 20:1, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes how the use of bicycle helmets in Sweden has changed for different categories of cyclists from 1988 to 2002, and it also estimates future trends in voluntary wearing of bicycle helmets up to the year 2010. Observational studies of the use of bicycle helmets were conducted once a year from 1988 to 2002 at 157 sites in 21 cities. The subjects observed were children cycling to school (average n = 5471/year) and in their free time (average n = 2191/year), and adults cycling to workplaces and on public bike paths (average n = 29 368/year). The general trend in helmet use from 1988 to 2002 was determined by linear regression analysis, and the results were also employed to estimate future helmet wearing for the period 2003–2010. Differences in helmet use according to gender and size of city were analysed by chi-square tests. From 1988 to 2002, all categories of cyclists showed an upward trend in helmet use (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Helmet wearing increased from about 20 to 35% among children (≤10 years) cycling during free time, from approximately 5 to 33% among school children, and from around 2 to 14% in adults. Total average helmet use rose from about 4 to 17%. However, during the last 5 years of the study period (1998–2002), none of the categories of cyclists studied showed an upward trend in helmet wearing. It is estimated that ∼30% of cyclists will wear helmets voluntarily by the year 2010, if helmet promotion activities are continued at the same level as previously. The results suggest that Sweden will probably not reach its official goal of 80% helmet use unless a national bicycle helmet law is passed.
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| 15. |
- Nordqvist, Cecilia, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Olycksfall och alkoholvanor
- 2004
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Ingår i: Svenska läkarsällskapets riksstämma,2004. - Katrineholm : Sörmlands grafiska Quebecor AB. ; , s. 46-46
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence based prevention of acute injuries during physical exercise in a WHO safe community
- 2001
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 35:1, s. 20-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - To evaluate a community based programme for evidence based prevention of injuries during physical exercise. Design - Quasi-experimental evaluation using an intervention population and a non-random control population. Participants - Study municipality (population 41 000) and control municipality (population 26 000) in Sweden. Main outcome measures - Morbidity rate for sports related injuries treated in the health care system, severity classification according to the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). Results - The total morbidity rate for sports related injuries in the study area decreased by 14% from 21 to 18 injuries per 1000 population years (odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 0.96). No tendency towards a decrease was observed in people over 40. The rate of moderately severe injury (AIS 2) decreased to almost half (odds ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.68), whereas the rate of minor injuries (AIS 1) increased (odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.40). The risk of severe injuries (AIS 3-6) remained constant. The rate of total sports injury in the control area did not change (odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.07), and the trends in the study and control areas were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion - An evidence based prevention programme based on local safety rules and educational programmes can reduce the burden of injuries related to physical exercise in a community. Future studies need to look at adjusting the programme to benefit all age groups.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Injuries in competitive youth bandy : An epidemiological study of a league season
- 2002
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 34:6, s. 993-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Bandy, with a century-long tradition in northern Europe, is a winter team-sport similar to ice hockey. To investigate the occurrence of injuries during competitive youth bandy games, injury incidence, injury types, and age-related risks were analyzed for one youth league season. Methods: The National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) definition of sports injury was used for the injury registration. All 416 games during the 1999-2000 season in the Swedish southeastern youth bandy league were included in the study. Primary data was collected by a questionnaire and completed by the team coaches after each game. At the end of the season, physician interviews with each team coach were performed to assure that no injuries had been missed as well as to ascertain whether there was any remaining disability. Results: In total, 2.0 injuries (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.9 injuries) per 1000 player game hours were recorded. Sixty-eight percent of the injuries caused the injured player to be absent from bandy play for more than a week. Collision was the most common cause of injury (36%), and contusion was the most common injury type (41%). The injury incidence in the leagues for older players (Youth 14 - Youth 16) was slightly higher than in the leagues for the younger players (Youth 12 - Youth 13), while participation by under-aged players in games organized for older players led to an almost four-fold increase of injury risk. For severe injuries, the mean rehabilitation time away from bandy practice or competition was 27 d (range 8-56 d). Conclusion: The overall injury incidence during youth bandy games is low, but the injuries that occur cause extensive absences from the only four months long bandy season. From a public health perspective, bandy can be recommended for consideration when physical exercise is to be promoted among school-age children in countries with a winter climate.
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| 21. |
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