| 1. |
- Del Campo, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Intranasal immunization with a proteoliposome-derived cochleate containing recombinant gD protein confers protective immunity against genital herpes in mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 28:5, s. 1193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of intranasal (IN) immunization with Neisseria meningitides B proteoliposome (AFPL1) and AFPL1-derived cochleate (AFCo1), containing glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) for induction of protective immunity against genital herpes infection in mice. We could show that IN immunization with both AFPL1 and AFCo1 containing gD induced gD-specific IgG antibody and lymphoproliferative responses. However, IFN-gamma response could only be detected in CD4(+) splenic cells and genital lymph node cells of the AFCo1gD immunized mice upon recall antigen stimulation in vitro. Importantly, IN immunization with AFCo1gD could elicit a complete protection against an otherwise lethal vaginal challenge with HSV-2, while the AFPL1gD immunized mice were only partially protected. Further, we could show that the IFN-gamma response and protective immunity observed after IN immunization with AFCo1gD are mediated via the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88. These data may have implications for the development of a mucosal vaccine against genital herpes.
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| 2. |
- Görander, Staffan, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 as a Novel Vaccine Antigen for Immunity to Genital and Neurological Disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 86:14, s. 7544-7553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The envelope glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, with the exception of glycoprotein G, elicit cross-reactive B- and T-cell responses. Human vaccine trials, using the cross-reactive glycoproteins B and D, have shown no protection against genital HSV-2 infection or disease. In this study, the mature form of glycoprotein G (mgG-2) of HSV-2 was used for immunization of mice, either alone or in combination with adjuvant CpG, followed by an intravaginal challenge with a lethal dose of a fully virulent HSV-2 strain. Mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG showed low disease scores and a significantly higher survival rate (73%) than mice immunized with mgG-2 alone (20%) or controls (0%). Accordingly, limited numbers of infectious HSV-2 particles were detected in the spinal cord of mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG. The observed protection was associated with a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) response by splenic CD4(+) T cells upon antigen restimulation in vitro and in vaginal washes 1 day postinfection. The majority of sera collected from mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG showed macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis, while no neutralization activity was observed. In conclusion, we have shown that immunization with the type-specific mgG-2 protein in combination with CpG could elicit protective immunity against an otherwise lethal vaginal HSV-2 challenge. The mgG-2 protein may therefore constitute a promising HSV-2 vaccine antigen to be considered for future human trials.
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| 3. |
- Lindqvist, Madelene, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Local cytokine and inflammatory responses to candidate vaginal adjuvants in mice.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 28:1, s. 270-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was undertaken to explore the correlation of adjuvanticity and local inflammatory response elicited in the murine vagina and the draining lymph nodes following local administration of two candidate vaginal adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG ODN, and a non-TLR targeting molecule alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing molecules Ifng, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11. A high degree of inflammation in and damage to the epithelium was exclusively observed in the vagina of the CpG ODN treated mice, which was reversed within 48h. These results indicate that there is a group of common genes that correlate with the adjuvanticity of CpG ODN and alpha-GalCer in the vagina, and that alpha-GalCer induces less of local inflammatory reactions in the murine vagina compared to CpG ODN.
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| 4. |
- Lindqvist, Madelene, 1982
(författare)
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Mucosal adjuvants and their mode of action in the female genital tract
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause a socioeconomic burden, morbidity and even mortality in a large part of the human population all over the world today. One of the most common genital ulcerative diseases is caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 with over 536 million people infected world-wide. Despite tremendous efforts, there are only vaccines against sexually transmitted human papillomavirus available today. The lack of success in vaccine development against STIs has partly been due to insufficient knowledge about how to induce protective immunity in the female genital tract. Development of new vaccines is largely based on the use of highly purified or recombinant antigens, with limited immunogenicity. This has generated a need for development of potent vaccine adjuvants. Although a few adjuvants are included in the licensed vaccines, they are all administered systemically and their mode of action is poorly defined. In this thesis we have identified two new potent mucosal adjuvants for induction of immunity against genital HSV-2 infection, the glycosphingolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which is a potent agonist of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and AFCo1, a cochelate structure of proteoliposome derived from Neisseria Meningitides serogroup B, with a combined immunostimulatory and delivery system function. By employment of genome-wide gene expression microarray analysis combined with a bioinformatics approach we assessed the molecular signatures of two classes of immunostimulatory mucosal adjuvants, namely α-GalCer and the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG ODN, both of which have been shown by our group to induce comparable immune protection against genital herpes infection in mice. Local administration of the adjuvants elicited expression of a number of core genes among which several were cytokines and chemokines as well as inflammasome associated genes. “Inflammatory response” was identified as the common main bio-function with Tnf as the common key regulator of gene expression. An adjuvant-induced enhancement in the frequency of vaginal dendritic cells and macrophages was also observed. In summary, results presented in this thesis could identify two new mucosal adjuvants with the ability to confer protective immunity against genital herpes, as well as the molecular signature of mucosal adjuvants in the mouse female genital tract. These results may contribute to the future development of safe and potent mucosal adjuvants to be included in novel vaccines against STIs.
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| 5. |
- Lindqvist, Madelene, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The mucosal adjuvant effect of alpha-galactosylceramide for induction of protective immunity to sexually transmitted viral infection.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 1550-6606 .- 0022-1767. ; 182:10, s. 6435-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of mucosal adjuvants to generate immunity in the female genital tract may have important implications for the development of vaccines to counter sexually transmitted infections. alpha-Galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) is presented by CD1d molecule on APCs to invariant Valpha14(+) NKT (iNKT) cells, which upon activation rapidly produce large amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines, leading to activation of a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we assessed whether alpha-GalCer could act as a mucosal adjuvant for induction of protective immunity against genital herpes. We found that intranasal immunization with HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD) in combination with alpha-GalCer elicits strong systemic gD-specific IgG Ab response as well as lymphoproliferative response with a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in the spleen, mediastinal lymph nodes, and genital lymph nodes. Importantly, such an immunization scheme conferred complete protection against an otherwise lethal vaginal HSV-2 challenge. We could also show that intravaginal immunization with gD plus alpha-GalCer generates potent gD-specific lymphoproliferative and IFN-gamma responses in the genital lymph nodes and spleen. Furthermore, the vaginally immunized mice developed a strong systemic and mucosal IgG Ab response and protection against vaginal HSV-2 challenge. The mucosal adjuvant effect of alpha-GalCer was found to be mediated via CD1d molecule and appeared to be independent of the usage of the adaptor molecule MyD88. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the mucosal adjuvant effect of alpha-GalCer for induction of protective immunity against a sexually transmitted pathogen.
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, Madelene, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling molecular signatures of immunostimulatory adjuvants in the female genital tract through systems biology
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) unequivocally represent a major public health concern in both industrialized and developing countries. Previous efforts to develop vaccines for systemic immunization against a large number of STIs in humans have been unsuccessful. There is currently a drive to develop mucosal vaccines and adjuvants for delivery through the genital tract to confer protective immunity against STIs. Identification of molecular signatures that can be used as biomarkers for adjuvant potency can inform rational development of potent mucosal adjuvants. Here, we used systems biology to study global gene expression and signature molecules and pathways in the mouse vagina after treatment with two classes of experimental adjuvants. The Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG ODN and the invariant natural killer T cell agonist alpha-galactosylceramide, which we previously identified as equally potent vaginal adjuvants, were selected for this study. Our integrated analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data determined which signature pathways, processes and networks are shared by or otherwise exclusive to these 2 classes of experimental vaginal adjuvants in the mouse vagina. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the effects of immunomodulatory adjuvants on the female genital tract of a mammal. These results could inform rational development of effective mucosal adjuvants for vaccination against STIs.
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| 7. |
- Olafsdottir, Torunn, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Systems Analyses Reveal Molecular Signatures of Clinically tested Vaccine Adjuvants
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of human adjuvants could inform a rational development of next generation vaccines for human use. Here, we exploited a genome wide transcriptomics analysis combined with a systems biology approach to determine the molecular signatures induced by four clinically tested vaccine adjuvants, namely CAF01, IC31, GLA-SE and Alum in mice. We report signature molecules, pathways, gene modules and networks, which are shared by or otherwise exclusive to these clinical-grade adjuvants in whole blood and draining lymph nodes of mice. Intriguingly, co-expression analysis revealed blood gene modules highly enriched for molecules with documented roles in T follicular helper (TFH) and germinal center (GC) responses. We could show that all adjuvants enhanced, although with different magnitude and kinetics, TFH and GC B cell responses in draining lymph nodes. These results represent, to our knowledge, the first comparative systems analysis of clinically tested vaccine adjuvants that may provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of human adjuvants.
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| 8. |
- Olafsdottir, Torunn, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular signatures of vaccine adjuvants
- 2015
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 33:40, s. 5302-5307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and improved the quality of life in both developing and developed countries. The emergence of new pathogens and inadequate protection conferred by some of the existing vaccines such as vaccines for tuberculosis, influenza and pertussis especially in certain age groups have resulted in a move from empirically developed vaccines toward more pathogen tailored and rationally engineered vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity at molecular level enables the development of vaccines that selectively target certain type of immune responses without excessive reactogenicity. Adjuvants constitute an imperative element of modern vaccines. Although a variety of candidate adjuvants have been evaluated in the past few decades, only a limited number of vaccine adjuvants are currently available for human use. A better understanding of the mode of action of adjuvants is pivotal to harness the potential of existing and new adjuvants in shaping a desired immune response. Recent advancement in systems biology powered by the emerging cutting edge omics technology has led to the identification of molecular signatures rapidly induced after vaccination in the blood that correlate and predict a later protective immune response or vaccine safety. This can pave ways to prospectively determine the potency and safety of vaccines and adjuvants. This review is intended to highlight the importance of big data analysis in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of actions of adjuvants to inform rational development of future human vaccines. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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