| 1. |
- Aili, Carola, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Research on teachers' professional lives : time to build a research network. Paper presented at NERA's 31st Congress, 6-9 March, Copenhagen
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teachers’ work has during the last ten years gone through great changes. The effects of postmodern society has made the work more and morecomplex and difficult to handle and understand for those involved as well as outsiders. Researchers are trying to keep up with things. The developmentof knowledge of teachers’ work takes place on different levels, in separate disciplines, from various starting-points and with different foci.To be able to describe, understand and explain the »new« work of teachers in a vigorous way there is need of getting these research initiativestogether. Arenas should be established where interchanges and coordination between researchers could take place. In order to make this happen wehave the intention of building a Swedish (our aim is to expand the network to the Nordic countries after the establishment in Sweden) network ofresearch on teachers’ professional lives.Besides presenting the intention and design of our network we also bring along some examples of research projects in line with the network ideas.
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| 2. |
- Aili, Carola, et al.
(författare)
-
Research on teachers' professional lives : time to build a research network. Paper presented at NERA's 31st Congress, 6-9 March, Copenhagen
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers’ work has during the last ten years gone through great changes. The effects of postmodern society has made the work more and morecomplex and difficult to handle and understand for those involved as well as outsiders. Researchers are trying to keep up with things. The developmentof knowledge of teachers’ work takes place on different levels, in separate disciplines, from various starting-points and with different foci.To be able to describe, understand and explain the »new« work of teachers in a vigorous way there is need of getting these research initiativestogether. Arenas should be established where interchanges and coordination between researchers could take place. In order to make this happen wehave the intention of building a Swedish (our aim is to expand the network to the Nordic countries after the establishment in Sweden) network ofresearch on teachers’ professional lives.Besides presenting the intention and design of our network we also bring along some examples of research projects in line with the network ideas.
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| 3. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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"Att jag kallar mig själv för lärare i fritidshem uppfattar jag skapar en viss provokation" : Om de nya grundlärarna med inriktning mot arbete i fritidshem
- 2016
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Ingår i: Educare. - 1653-1868 .- 2004-5190. ; :1, s. 86-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014 the first cohort of (a newly designed group of teachers) ”primary teachers with a specialization in extended school education” graduated from Swedish universities. In addition to the traditional formal qualifications as leisure pedagogues their degree also includes the competency to teach practical/aesthetical subjects in compulsory school up to year six. The newly designed teachers thus have to relate to dual professional identities and try to maintain balance between their work in the traditional socially oriented recreation centers against their teaching in a goal- and results-driven school. In this article we study a group of 40 new teachers before and after graduation, trying to get hold of how they perceive and negotiate their professional identities and how they orient themselves in the professional landscape. The results show that the graduates try to balance their own ideals and professional intentions against traditional professional identities and labor market conditions.
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| 4. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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“Betwixt and Between” : Leisure-time Teachers and the Construction of Professional Identities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 63:6, s. 884-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014, a newly formed group of teachers graduated from Swedish universities. In addition to their qualification as leisure-time pedagogues, their degree includes teaching practical/aesthetical subjects in compulsory school. This group of teachers thus has to relate to dual professional identities and to maintain a balance between the socially oriented leisure-time centres and a goal- and results-driven school. In this article we describe their first two years after graduation, trying to get hold of their negotiation of professional identities and orientation in the professional landscape. Results shows that the graduates try to balance own ideals and hybrid professional intentions against traditional professional identities and labour market conditions and that position in a liminal phase might be crucial for the outcome.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 27:3, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases interfere with the life situation of the affected person in different ways. The aim was to compare the burden of disease in three chronic diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM) - and in healthy subjects, with a particular interest in physical activity, quality of life, and psychological health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Postal survey questionnaire to a stratified, random population of 68 460 subjects aged 18-84 years in Sweden. The subjects included were 40-84 years old (n = 43 589) and data were analysed for COPD (n = 526), RA (n = 1120), DM (n = 2149) and healthy subjects (n = 6960). RESULT: Some 84% of subjects with COPD, 74% (RA), 72% (DM), and 60% in healthy subjects (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA, DM, and healthy subjects) had a physical activity level considered too low to maintain good health according to guidelines. Quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D) was lower in COPD and RA than in DM. Anxiety/depression was more common in subjects with COPD (53%) than in those with RA (48%) and DM (35%) (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA and DM), whereas mobility problems were more common in RA (55%) than COPD (48%) and DM (36%) (p < 0.001, RA versus COPD and DM). All differences between groups remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic background factors. CONCLUSION: Subjects with chronic diseases had a low level of physical activity, most evident in subjects with COPD. COPD and RA had a higher negative impact on quality of life than DM. Our results indicate that increased attention regarding physical inactivity in subjects with chronic diseases is needed to minimize the burden of disease.
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Marcus, 1979-
(författare)
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”Kalla mig inte mamsell!” : En jämförelse av tre skandinaviska översättares behandling av kulturspecifika element i fransk- och engelskspråkig skönlitteratur
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study deals with the work and practice of three Scandinavian translators, namely Kjell Olaf Jensen (Norwegian), Marianne Öjerskog (Swedish) and Agnete Dorph Stjernfelt (Danish). The main question of the thesis is what strategies the translators use when translating culture-specific elements from French and English. Theoretically the thesis positions itself within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies and draws upon system theories as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of culture. The method consists of a source text – target text analysis, using a somewhat modified version of Pedersen’s (2007) method identifying seven translation strategies, namely (1) retention, (2) specification, (3) direct translation, (4) generalization, (5) substitution, (6) omission and (7) official equivalent. In this thesis the three former and the official equivalent are categorized as “adequate”, whereas generalization, substitution and omission are categorized as “acceptable” using Toury’s (2012) terminology. Six different types of culture-specific elements are investigated, namely (1) titles, address and professional titles, (2) currencies, (3) weights and measures, (4) literature and music, (5) education, and (6) names. In addition to this analysis, interviews with the three translators were carried out. Results show that there are both similarities and dissimilarities in the translators’ choices of translation strategies. It also turns out that the strategies used to a great extent depend on the culture-specific element in question and hardly ever on the source language. Results also suggest that the higher the translators’ amount of accumulated total capital, the more likely it is that they adopt a heterodoxic translation strategy. Jensen and Stjernfelt are more often positioned at one of the two extremes of the adequacy–acceptability axis than is the case for Öjerskog. Moreover, results from the interviews and the text analyses show that there are a number of norms that govern the translators’ practices. The translatorial practice is to manoeuver in a field governed by norms in order to produce the best possible target texts – target texts that are true to the original and conform to domestic literary standards.
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| 10. |
- Billing, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQoL) instrument for Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 39:3, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQoL) questionnaire is the first disease-specific patient-derived instrument for assessing QoL in patients with PsA and has been extensively validated in this population. The aim of the adaptation process reported here was to develop a Swedish version of the PsAQoL that was equivalent to, and met the same psychometric and acceptability standards as, the original instrument, which was developed in the UK. Method:Translation of the original questionnaire into Swedish was performed by a professional and a lay panel. Field testing for face and content validity was performed by interviewing 13 patients. Finally, 123 patients with PsA were included in a test-retest postal survey designed to test reproducibility and construct validity. The PsAQoL was administered on two occasions approximately 2 weeks apart. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) was used as a comparator instrument. Results: The Swedish version of the PsAQoL questionnaire showed good reliability at both time points and, as expected, correlated with the NHP. The scale was able to distinguish between groups based on self-reported general health and flare-up. Patients with active symptoms of both arthritis and psoriasis had worse QoL. The results also indicated that duration of disease has a progressive impact on PsAQoL scores. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the adapted PsAQoL can be used for clinical studies in Swedish patients. The instrument provides valuable information on the long-term effects of PsA on QoL.
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| 11. |
- Birgegård, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Change in student attitudes to medical school after the introduction of problem-based learning in spite of low ratings
- 1998
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Ingår i: Medical Education. - : Wiley. - 0308-0110 .- 1365-2923. ; 32:1, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students' attitudes to, and opinions of, their studies at medical school were investigated with the help of a questionnaire. They were asked to what extent the medical school encouraged independent, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, decision-making, studying outside the textbook and other behaviours and skills that teachers in higher education usually put forward as important. It was found that students generally had a low opinion of the extent to which their education encouraged such virtues, mean figures ranging between 3.5 and 4.6 on a 10-grade scale. The students felt that their studies to a large extent encouraged focus on details and preparation for examinations. The questionnaire was given to the students after 2 1/2 years of traditional preclinical studies and at the end of the first clinical year. There were significant but numerically small differences for some of the items at the end of the year. However, when problem-based learning (PBL) was introduced during the first clinical year, there was a substantial change: there were now significant and numerically larger differences for seven of the nine items, even though the students were asked to give their opinion of the whole of their time at medical school on both occasions, not only of the last year. There were no other changes in the curriculum or the teaching methods other than the introduction of PBL. The change in attitudes did not depend on the student's appreciation of PBL; students' opinion of PBL was low, indicating that most of them disliked it.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Is teacher attrition a poor estimate of the value of teacher education? A Swedish case.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Teacher Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0261-9768 .- 1469-5928. ; 42:2, s. 243-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Far from all who complete teacher education end up working as teachers throughout their entire career. At first sight the value of teacher education, in terms of efficiency, seems to be a failure. In the present article we argue that teacher attrition, when defined as whether one is working as teacher or not, is a too blunt measure to gauge whether teacher education has been valuable. With a unique dataset, where we have detailed information on 87 Swedish teacher graduates’ working life across 23 years, we can consider whether activities and/or experiences point to an apparent use of teacher education. In conclusion, we find that in order to get informative estimates of its value it is important to consider it from different perspectives and to consider attrition related to the total working time spent in educational settings across a career rather than percentage leaving teaching after a set of years.
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| 14. |
- Do, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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High Sensitivity Method to Estimate Distribution of Hyaluronan Molecular Sizes in Small Biological Samples Using Gas-Phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analysis.
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cell Biology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8876 .- 1687-8884.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyaluronan is a negatively charged polydisperse polysaccharide where both its size and tissue concentration play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The various functions of hyaluronan depend on its molecular size. Up to now, it has been difficult to study the role of hyaluronan in diseases with pathological changes in the extracellular matrix where availability is low or tissue samples are small. Difficulty to obtain large enough biopsies from human diseased tissue or tissue from animal models has also restricted the study of hyaluronan. In this paper, we demonstrate that gas-phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analyzer (GEMMA) can be used to estimate the distribution of hyaluronan molecular sizes in biological samples with a limited amount of hyaluronan. The low detection level of the GEMMA method allows for estimation of hyaluronan molecular sizes from different parts of small organs. Hence, the GEMMA method opens opportunity to attain a profile over the distribution of hyaluronan molecular sizes and estimate changes caused by disease or experimental conditions that has not been possible to obtain before.
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| 15. |
- Fonseca, Lars, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Lärarassistenter och lärare - samarbete, arbetsdelning eller konflikt?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordisk netværk for Professionsforskning.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problemställning: Internationella studier visar att svenska lärare ägnar mer tid åt administration och mindre åt undervisning och kompetensutveckling än lärare i andra OECD-länder (OECD, 2013). I Sverige styrs skolan offensivt med ökade inslag av granskning och kontroll, vikande PISA-resultat och en ökande lärarbrist (Bejerot m.fl., 2015; UKÄ, 2016).Trycket på svenska lärare är högt och skilda initiativ tas för att lärare ska kunna fokusera på "kärnuppdraget". Bland annat föreslås införandet av avlastande tjänster, lärarassistenter. Innehållet i avlastningen beskrivs emellertid på olika sätt. Introduktionen av lärarassistenter kan ses som ett försök till intern stratifiering av läraryrket, där arbetet delas upp och där delar av arbetet lämnas över till andra yrkesgrupper. Följden blir att professionella domäner behöver förhandlas, förskjutas och fördelas.Frågeställningar:- Vilka delar av lärares arbete förväntar skolledare att redan införda avlastande tjänster skall ta över?- Vilka förväntningar på önskvärda avgränsningar mellan professionella domäner beskrivs av lärarna själva?- Vilka förväntningar om professionell domän för den nya yrkeskategorin lärarassistenter beskrivs i utbildningsinformation för lärarassistentutbildningar?- Harmonierar dessa olika förväntningar? Finns potentiella eller redan konstaterade konfliktytor? Teoretiska utgångspunkter:Introduktionen av lärarassistenter i den svenska skolan medför med stor sannolikhet att skolorganisationens ekologi rubbas, att professionella rörelser uppstår och att professionella domäner förhandlas, förskjuts och fördelas. (Abbott, 1988). Ett tydliggörande av läraryrkets kärna (Lindqvist & Nordänger, 2007; Gardesten, 2016) och en nyintroducerad arbetsspecialisering kan betraktas som ett sätt att förstärka läraryrkets professionella status. Men introduktionen av nya yrkesgrupper kan lika gärna uppfattas som ett hot mot det professionella. Idén om införandet av lärarassistenter ”översätts” således på olika sätt - i olika praktiker - av olika aktörer (Czarniawska & Joerges, 1996) där uppfattningar om vad som är kärnan i lärararbetet (Gardesten, 2016; Lindqvist & Nordänger, 2007) och vad framstår som ”smutsigt” (Landahl, 2006; Hughes, 1958/1981) kan skilja sig åt. Metoder:- Webb-enkät till skolledare om innehållet i 408 införda avlastande tjänster.- Enkäter till 65 lärare vid tre skolor där lärarassistenter införts. Enkätfrågor om vilka arbetsuppgifter lärarna vill bli av med, vill behålla, vill tillföra respektive vill samarbete med andra yrkesprofessioner om. Uppföljande intervjuer om utfallet av arbetsfördelningen med olika professioner på de tre skolorna.- Innehållsanalys av utbildningsplaner för 18 svenska lärarassistentutbildningarEmpiriskt fält:Professionella domäner i skolan
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Geijer, Mats, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life in early psoriatic arthritis compared with early rheumatoid arthritis and a general population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 51:1, s. 246-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Both psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a significant impact on quality of life, but few reports have compared the two diseases. The current study assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in PsA at diagnosis and after five years compared with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a matched general population. Methods: Patients with early PsA and early RA included in two Swedish registries with HRQoL data measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) at baseline and at five years follow-up were included. Differences in SF-36 scores compared with the general population were calculated for each patient. Physical function, disease activity, the delay before diagnosis, pain, and general wellbeing were used as explanatory variables. Statistical tests included t-tests and univariate and multivariate linear regression. Results: PsA (n = 166) and RA (n = 133) patients of both sexes had significantly reduced HRQoL at disease onset. After five years, PsA patients still had impairments in several domains of SF-36, whereas RA patients had an almost normalized HRQoL. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis, disease activity, and disability independently contributed to the reduced improvement in PsA. Conclusion: Both early PsA and RA are characterized by severely reduced HRQoL. Despite more severe disease at inclusion, normalization of HRQoL is seen in patients with RA but not PsA. This may be due to delay in the diagnosis of PsA or more powerful interventions in RA. Earlier detection, lifestyle intervention, and more aggressive management strategies may be needed for PsA. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Geijer, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Registry 5-year Followup : Substantial Radiographic Progression Mainly in Men with High Disease Activity and Development of Dactylitis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 42:11, s. 2110-2117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To describe early radiographic findings in patients from the Swedish psoriatic arthritis (SwePsA) registry, progression of destruction, correlations with clinical disease variables, and predictors of destruction. Methods. Hand and foot radiographs were available for 72 of 197 SwePsA patients followed for 5 years. Clinical data were collected according to the SwePsA protocol. Results. Disease characteristics and clinical improvement were similar in men and women. Radiographic abnormalities were more pronounced in men. Total Wassenberg radiographic score at baseline was 0 in 45% of men and 51% of women. One man and one woman had a score >10. At 5 years, total score was 0 in 14% of men and 40% of women (p = 0.018); 17% of men and 7% of women had scores >10. Mean total scores for men and women had increased. Baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate was associated with baseline total radiographic score. In men, swollen joint count was positively, and in women tender joint count negatively, correlated to total radiographic score. After 5 years, only male scores, mainly hand scores, significantly correlated with 28-joint Disease Activity Score and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis scores, swollen joint count, and dactylitis. Achieving remission or minimal disease activity after 5 years protected against structural damage, mainly in men. Conclusion. Radiographic progression in early PsA was generally slow but substantial. Male sex appears to be a risk factor for early radiographic damage while the presence of baseline radiographic damage and dactylitis developing during followup seem to predict further destruction. Hand and foot radiograph scoring cannot be substituted with clinical signs.
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| 19. |
- Gerner, Ulla, 1944-
(författare)
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De sjukskrivna i rehabiliteringsprocessen : hinder och möjligheter
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The background to the thesis is the high rate for sickness absence in Sweden since the end of the 1990s. In an international perspective, the Swedish sickness absence appears exceptionally high. This can appear paradoxical bearing in mind the high standard of living and the high average length of life in Sweden, and there is much to indicate that complex causal correlations are involved.The overall aim of the thesis is to study and analyse the return to work or transition to disability pension, for persons on long-term sick leave from their own perspective. The focus of the thesis is the individual in a social context.The theoretical frame of reference is within medical sociology and is about sickness concepts and models and on medicalisation. The concept of work capacity is also taken up based on the concepts of disability and impairment.The empirical material consists of four studies. Two of these are qualitative interview studies with women. One of them (I) is about Greek women who have been granted Swedish disability pension. The aim of this study is to find explanations why such a large number of Greek women have become disability pensioners in Sweden. The analysis indicated some important factors: the doctors, the family and the social insurance system. The women had unclear psychosomatic complaints, which had been medicalised. The other qualitative study (IV) concerned women who after sick leave and rehabilitation succeeded in returning to work. It was seen to be strong and stubborn women who had to struggle to get back to working life. They had also been well taken care of in rehabilitation.The other two studies (II and III) are quantitative, prospective cohort studies with persons on sick leave with unspecified back and neck complaints. One main aim of one study (III) was to investigate the importance of motivation for rehabilitation and return to work. Two specially designed forms were used. It was seen, among other things that the forecasts of the person on sick leave on return to work coincided quite well with a follow-up two years later. One important result was that those who had undergone rehabilitation measures had returned to work to a much lesser extent than those who had not.Overall, the results showed the importance of listening to the individual and taking their own assessments of obstacles and possibilities in the rehabilitation process into consideration. The results in study III indicated that rehabilitation had not been sufficiently effective and in many cases did not lead to a return to work.
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| 20. |
- Gladman, Dafna D., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and genetic registries in psoriatic disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:7, s. 1458-1463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical and genetic registries are an important tool in studying psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). They assist in delineating disease features and are crucial in defining phenotype and identifying genetic and other markers of disease expression. At the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members of the clinical registries and genetics committees described several ongoing registries, including their construction, protocols, and some results from their analyses. In breakout groups, members discussed data issues, including identification of core datasets, ownership, and how to share data; and ethical issues and possible sources of funding for registries. Proceedings of these meetings are summarized.
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| 21. |
- Gudbjornsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Psoriatic arthritis mutilans (PAM) in the Nordic countries : demographics and disease status. The Nordic PAM study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 42:5, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis mutilans (PAM) in the Nordic countries. Method: Patients with putative PAM aged >= 18 years were recruited. Fifty-nine patients were included after clinical examination. Results: The prevalence of PAM in the adult Nordic population was estimated to be 3.69 per million inhabitants [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.75-4.63]. The female to male ratio was close to 1:1. The mean age of skin disease onset was 25 years and the mean age of onset of joint disease was 30 years. The onset of skin disease was 2 years earlier among female patients. At inclusion, the mean duration of arthritis was 27 +/- 11 years for male patients and 33 +/- 11 years for female patients. PAM was most frequently seen in the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the toes, followed by the IP joint of the thumb and the DIP joint of the little finger on the left hand. Female and male patients had similar numbers of painful and swollen joints. Enthesitis was found in 19 patients (32%), while 38 patients (64%) had a history of dactylitis. Twenty-three of these 38 patients (61%) had a history of dactylitis in the same finger/toe as they had PAM. At the time of inclusion, 45% of the patients were found to have clear or almost clear skin. Conclusions: PAM in the Nordic countries has a low prevalence, with only three to five cases per million inhabitants. The majority of the patients present with mild skin disease.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hasselbalch, H., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating hyaluronan in the myelofibrosis/osteomyelosclerosis syndrome and other myeloproliferative disorders
- 1991
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 36:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The serum concentration of hyaluronan (HYA) was determined in 59 patients with various myeloproliferative disorders, including 33 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. In 18 patients the serum concentration of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) was measured concomitantly. Raised serum HYA levels were seen in patients with active disease compared with age-matched healthy subjects, whereas no significant difference in serum HYA was seen between patients with stable disease and age-matched controls. Serum HYA concentrations correlated significantly with the leukocyte count (rho = 0.38; P less than 0.02) and with the serum concentration of PIIINP (rho = 0.50; P less than 0.001). During cytotoxic treatment, the serum HYA and PIIINP concentrations decreased in concert with declining leukocyte counts. These findings suggest that clonal expansion is accompanied by a bone marrow stromal reaction similar to the repair processes following injury to soft connective tissues. The relatively modest changes in serum HYA with frequent overlaps between patient categories and healthy subjects imply that the clinical utility of single determinations of serum HYA in the present disease groups is restrained. On the other hand, sequential measurements of HYA may provide a reflection of the myeloproliferative process in individual patients.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Helliwell, Philip S., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with disease modifying drugs : comparison of drugs and adverse reactions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:3, s. 472-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Although it seems likely that these conditions have a different pathogenesis, the drugs used to treat them are the same. Our study used a cross-sectional clinical database to compare drug use and side-effect profile in these 2 diseases. METHODS: The CASPAR study collected data on 588 patients with PsA and 536 controls, 70% of whom had RA. Data on disease modifying drug treatments used over the whole illness were recorded, together with their outcomes, including adverse events, for RA and PsA. RESULTS: For both diseases methotrexate (MTX) was the most frequently used disease modifying drug (39% of patients with PsA, 30% with RA), with over 70% of patients in both diseases still taking the drug. Other drugs were used with the following frequencies in PsA and RA, respectively: sulfasalazine 22%/13%, gold salts 7%/11%, antimalarial drugs 5%/14%, corticosteroids 10%/17%, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs 6%/5%. Compared to RA, cyclosporine and anti-TNF agents were less likely to be ineffective in PsA. Compared to RA, subjects with PsA were less likely to be taking MTX and more likely to be taking anti-TNF agents. Hepatotoxicity with MTX was more common in PsA and pulmonary toxicity with MTX was found more often in RA. CONCLUSION: These data provide insight into prescribing patterns of disease modifying drugs in RA and PsA in a large international cohort, together with the differential adverse events of these drugs between these diseases.
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| 29. |
- Hellman, Urban, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronan concentration and molecular mass in psoriatic arthritis : biomarkers of disease severity, resistance to treatment, and outcome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 48:4, s. 284-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Low molecular mass hyaluronan causes inflammatory processes and can act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in skin and other sites of activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This study investigated whether the molecular mass distribution of hyaluronan (HA) in skin and the quantity of circulating HA are related to the clinical inflammatory picture in PsA with active disease and to the effect of treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) adalimumab.Methods: Twenty patients with TNF-α-naïve active polyarticular PsA were included in this prospective clinical trial of treatment with 40 mg s.c. adalimumab according to standard procedure. Clinical activity, patients’ assessments, and skin biopsies were captured at inclusion and at the 12 week follow-up. Ten healthy individuals were recruited for comparison of HA analyses. Histochemistry of skin inflammation, serum HA, and molecular mass of HA were determined.Results: Overall improvements in clinical parameters were observed. Eight of 18 patients reached minimum disease activity after 12 weeks and disease activity was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001). Patients with elevated serum HA values were significantly older, had later onset of arthritis and more deformed joints, still had swollen joints after treatment, and had more circulating inflammatory biomarkers. More severe disease pathology showed a wide spectrum of high-molecular-mass HA accompanied by low mass HA. The treatment appears partly to normalize the HA mass distribution.Conclusion: HA concentration and mass seem to be two possible factors in the inflammatory pathology of PsA acting as biomarkers for disease severity, resistance to treatment, and worse outcome.
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| 30. |
- Henrohn, Dan
(författare)
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Pulmonary Hypertension and the Nitric Oxide System
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological state associated with several medical conditions, leading to progressive rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and right ventricular failure. The clinical PH classification encompasses five main World Health Organization (WHO) groups; pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), PH due to left heart disease, PH due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic PH, and PH with unclear multifactorial mechanisms. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator. Impaired NO production via the classical L-arginine-NO synthase (NOS) pathway has been implicated in PH. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors augment NO signalling, and are considered as one of the cornerstone treatments in PAH. The studies in this thesis aim at to explore and expand the understanding of the NO system in patients with PH.In paper I, we found that PAH patients (WHO group 1) have lower bronchial NO flux compared to healthy controls and patients with PH (WHO group 2–4). This implies reduced bronchial NO formation in PAH. Compared to healthy controls, increased alveolar NO levels were found in patients with PH (WHO group 1-4) and patients with PAH. This may reflect NO diffusion disturbances in the alveoli. PAH patients had higher plasma and salivary levels of nitrite than healthy controls, which may reflect a compensatory upregulation of NOS-independent NO generating pathways.In paper II, we observed that a single oral dose of vardenafil (a PDE5 inhibitor) causes rapid changes in cardiopulmonary haemodynamics in PH patients with PH (WHO group 1-4). We found a correlation between plasma vardenafil concentrations and the changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure as well as PVR.In paper III, we show that a single oral dose of vardenafil to patients with PH (WHO group 1-4) alter the plasma levels of arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and the arginine/ADMA ratio in a favourable manner. The increase in arginine and the arginine/ADMA ratio were associated with improved cardiac index, and the increase in the arginine/ADMA ratio at 540 min correlated with the exposure to vardenafil. Higher baseline plasma levels of ADMA and SDMA and a low arginine/ADMA ratio was associated with a more severe pulmonary haemodynamic disease state in patients with PH.In paper IV, we found that ingestion of beetroot juice, containing inorganic nitrate, increased plasma and salivary levels of nitrate and nitrite, increased exhaled NO, decreased plasma ornithine levels and increased relative arginine availability in patients with PAH compared to placebo. Higher plasma levels of nitrite after the placebo period, reflecting basal conditions, were associated with a more severe PAH phenotype. Our findings indicate that the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is active and upregulated in PAH patients.
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| 31. |
- Hillerdal, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronan in pleural effusions and in serum
- 1991
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Ingår i: Cancer. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 67:9, s. 2410-2414
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that a high level of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HYA) in pleural fluid is an indicator of malignant mesothelioma. In 78 consecutive patients with pleural effusion of various causes the HYA concentration was measured in pleural fluid samples and in serum. Nine patients had malignant pleural mesothelioma, and in three of them the HYA level in pleural fluid was 100 mg/l or more. In 42 patients with effusions due to metastatic malignancy, the mean HYA in the pleural fluid was 75 mg/l, and in five the HYA level was above 100 mg/l. Cardiac insufficiency caused the effusion in 11 patients, of whom two had a level above 100 mg/l in pleural fluid. Four patients had a serologically confirmed viral infection and had HYA levels in pleural fluid of 8, 157, 335, and 554 mg/l, respectively. One patient had postinfectious effusion with an HYA level in pleural exudate of 748 mg/l, the highest in this investigation. Two patients had benign asbestos pleural effusions, and both had high pleural HYA levels (256 and 490 mg/l, respectively). The serum HYA values were much lower than in the pleural fluid, namely from 15 to 480 micrograms/l; the levels were independent of the levels in the pleural fluid. Thus, a high level of HYA in pleural fluid is not specific for mesothelioma but can occur in other malignant or benign diseases, and a low level does not exclude mesothelioma.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hultgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep disturbances in outpatients with ankylosing spondylitisa questionnaire study with gender implications
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732. ; 29:6, s. 365-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the sleep pattern in ankylosing spondylitis, and to investigate gender differences in sleep, pain, and fatigue. METHODS: Forty-three male and 27 female patients with ankylosing spondylitis completed a sleep questionnaire and the results were compared with earlier findings in 3,558 persons randomly selected from the general population. RESULTS: Too little sleep was reported by 80.8% of the female and 50.0% of the male patients, compared to 28.8% and 21.8% respectively in the reference group (p<0.0001). The main reason was pain in the pre-sleep and sleep-periods (p<0.0001). Daytime fatigue was a major problem (p<0.0001). Higher correlation was found between pain and daytime fatigue than between sleep disturbance and daytime fatigue. CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbance is a significant problem in ankylosing spondylitis. The disturbance is closely related to pain at bedtime and during the night. Gender differences exist in the subjective sleep disturbance, fatigue, and pain.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hultman, Glenn, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Vad händer om man tänker tvärtom? : Går det att byta praktikuppgifter mot teoriuppgifter i lärarutbildningen?
- 2009. - 2
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2009. - Stockholm : vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173071550 ; , s. 98-104
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utbildningsvetenskap är i dag ett mång- och tvärvetenskapligt forskningsområdesom innesluter alla fakultetsområden samt en rad olika discipliner. Den breddoch de olika perspektiv som finns och som växer fram inom området bidrar tillforskning om utbildningssystem, undervisning, lärandeprocesser och kunskapsbildning,vilket i sin tur ger nya intressanta forskningsresultat.Även i årets redovisning återfinns forskningsresultat från flertalet av de åttaområden som på ett sätt beskriver forskningens bredd:Utbildningshistoria(med inriktning på att beskriva och analysera t.ex. ämnesutvecklingeninom olika utbildningssystem),Utbildningssystem (forskning ombetygs- och urvalssystem, läroplansteori, styrning och ledning, utbildningsekonomi,utbildningspolitik/policy m.m.),Värdefrågor (t.ex. demokrati, etik- ochmoralfrågor, pedagogisk filosofi),Individens och Gruppens lärande (forskningom kunskapsutveckling, IKT, pedagogisk psykologi, utvecklingspsykologi, sociologiskastudier etc.),Didaktik (både allmänna och ämnesspecifika didaktiskafrågeställningar inkl. specialpedagogik),Professioner (lärares arbete och yrkesidentitet,lärarutbildning, skolledares arbete, karriärval och vägledning etc.) samtEffektstudier(forskning om reformers effekter, produktivitet och effektivitet).Varje år startar mellan 30 och 40 nya forskningsprojekt och lika många avslutas.Eftersom projekten är mellan tre och fyra år långa pågår det ca 100–140projekt samtidigt inklusive forskarskolor. För att ta del av vilka projekt som pågåroch som helt eller delvis finansieras av UVK hänvisas till www.vr.se. Underrubriken Nyhetsbrev Utbildningsvetenskap återfinns tematiska sammanställningarav pågående forskning.Varje projekt har en huvudansvarig, men i flertalet projekt finns en forskningsgruppeller ett forskningsnätverk med i genomsnitt ca 10 forskare ochdoktorander involverade. Detta framgår tydligt i flera av årets redovisningar.Denna rapport, som även utgör underlag för Resultatdialog 2009, med Umeåuniversitet som värd, innehåller korta presentationer av nyligen eller mycketsnart avslutade projekt samt hänvisning till forskarnas/forskningsgruppernashemsidor där möjlighet till fördjupad läsning finns.Utbildningsvetenskapliga kommittén vill med denna redovisning medverkatill att dels sprida kunskap om nya forskningsrön, dels öka möjligheten för densom är intresserad att via kontaktlänkar kunna nå olika forskare.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Kerje, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Is low molecular hyaluronan an early indicator of disease in avian systemic sclerosis?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Connective Tissue Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0300-8207 .- 1607-8438. ; 57:5, s. 337-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM OF THE STUDY: To further elucidate the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) an experimental avian model was used. University of California at Davies line 200-chicken (UCD-200) spontaneously develops a SSc like disease that has most features of human SSc with vascular effects, inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis. The first signs of disease in UCD-200 are swelling and ischemic lesions of the comb, a tissue containing high amounts of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. The aim was to evaluate inflammatory and fibrotic processes of the disease with regard to the molecular weight of hyaluronan.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comb biopsies from UCD-200 and healthy White Leghorn (WL) chickens as controls at different ages were studied with histochemical localization of hyaluronan, hyaluronidase 1, CD3, IgY and collagen I and III. Hyaluronan molecular weight distribution was estimated with gas phase electrophoretic analysis.RESULTS: At 2 days of age hyaluronan was visualized in UCD-200 at the dermal part of the comb with no simultaneous staining of Hyal-1. In adult UCD-200 the comb skin was almost totally devoid of hyaluronan compared to WL of the same age. An increase of low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronan was detected in comb tissue from UCD-200 at 1 day, 1, 2, 4 weeks in contrast to adult animals.CONCLUSIONS: An early inflammatory process involving LMW hyaluronan was confirmed as a possible profibrotic process. This indicates that hyaluronan might be an important participant in early inflammatory events of SSc in UCD-200 chicken and that disappearance of hyaluronan in skin predisposes to fibrosis.
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| 39. |
- Klamas, Maria
(författare)
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Av egen kraft tillsammans med andra : Personer med psykiska funktionshinder, socialt stöd och återhämtning.
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the significance of social support to adults with psychiatric disabilities, based on the individual's experiences. This includes research questions concerning what type of social support was perceived to be beneficial or restrictive, which relational aspects were considered having a beneficial or restrictive effect on the support- and recovery process, as well as what strategies and capacities the individual developed on their own in order to cope with their obstacles and disadvantages.The empirical material was based on qualitative inteviews with ten individuals that defined themselves as having psychiatric disabilities. They were each interviewed on three occasions. The repetetive form of the interviews lead to three separate interview guides being created over the course of the data collection process. The goal of the first interview was to get a general idea of the subject's daily life, activities, arenas, relationships and support. The second interview focused on meaningful relationships. The third and final interview had one general and one individual part. The general part focused on the subject's psychiatric disabilities, their opportunities as well as existing and desired support measures. The subject matters in the individual part were related to the previous interviews with each of the participants and aimed to develop or expand on previous discussion.The material was analysed using theories about social support and recovery and was presented with roots in four different networking entities: close and extended family, friends, coworkers and fellow students, as well as formal support instances. The result showed that it is the support with mobilising qualities that is beneficial to the recovery process. It increases the individual's degree of control over their illness, obstacles and challenges. In addition, it appeals to the individual as a central actor and as a person with difficulties as well as resources. The fact that the social support from the various support agencies have varying focus and direction benefits recovery since it increases the individual's opportunity to maintain as well as develop their social bonds and roles within the community. A relational prerequisite for social support is an equal relationship, which benefits the recovery process as it encompasses acknowledgement and acceptance of both the individual on a personal level and of their situation. The type of social support that hinders recovery is the kind that lacks a connection between the individual's perceived problems, their need for support and their over time fluctuating ability to handle their psychiatric disability. This is due to the fact that it robs the individual of control over the situation, increases the need for support and strengthens their perception of themselves as sick. Recovery comes to a halt when the individual isn't included in the support and recovery process, which is clarified in relational aspects such as lacking attentiveness, subpar acceptance as well as rejection. The individual's will and capacity to actively take on the responsibility to steer their recovery in a positive direction was made visible through four groups of strategies that were crystallised through the course of the research; creation of understanding and legitimisation, cultivation, including strategies and the creation of boundaries.
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| 40. |
- Laasonen, Leena, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographic development during three decades in a patient with psoriatic arthritis mutilans
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 4:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psoriatic arthritis mutilans (PAM) is the most severe and rare form of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We describe radiological development in a typical case of PAM covering three decades in order to elucidate the need for early diagnosis of PAM. Radiographs of hands and feet, taken from 1981 to 2010, were evaluated using the Psoriatic Arthritis Ratingen Score (PARS). When PsA was diagnosed, in 1981, gross deformity was observed in the second PIP joint of the left foot. Several pencil-in-cup deformities and gross osteolysis were present in the feet in the first decade of the disease. Over 10 years, many joints had reached maximum scores. During the follow-up, other joints became involved and the disease developed clinically. Reporting early signs suggestive of PAM, e.g. pencil-in cup deformities and gross osteolysis in any joint, should be mandatory and crucial. This would heighten our awareness of PAM, accelerate the diagnosis, and lead to improved effective treatment in order to minimize joint damages resulting in PAM.
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| 41. |
- Laasonen, Leena, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographic scoring systems for psoriatic arthritis are insufficient for psoriatic arthritis mutilans : results from the Nordic PAM Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 2058-4601. ; 9:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Psoriatic arthritis mutilans (PAM) is the most severe phenotype of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Purpose: To describe the radiological features in PAM and explore whether existing scoring systems for radiological damage in psoriatic arthritis are applicable for PAM.Material and Methods: Radiographs were scored according to the modified Sharp-van der Heijde (mSvdH) and the Psoriatic Arthritis Ratingen Score (PARS) systems for PsA.Results: At inclusion, 55 PAM patients (49% women, mean age 58 +/- 12 years) had conventional radiographs of both hands and feet. A total of 869 PAM joints were detected and 193 joints with ankylosis. The mean total mSvdH score was 213.7 +/- 137.8 (41% of maximum) with a higher score for hands than for feet: 136.6 +/- 90.1 vs. 79.1 +/- 60.9. However, the total score was relatively higher in the feet than in the hands when compared to the highest possible scoring (47% vs. 38% of max). The mean total PARS score was 126.3 +/- 79.6 (35% of max). Scoring for joint destruction was higher than for proliferation (22% vs. 11% of max). Strong correlation was found between mSvdH and PARS (r(2) = 0.913). A significant correlation was found between scoring and duration of arthritis and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. History of smoking, BMI, and gender did not influence the scoring values.Conclusions: The two scoring systems studied may not be ideal to indicate progression of PAM in advanced disease since they reach ceiling effects rather early. Therefore, reporting early signs suggestive of PAM, e.g. signs of pencil-in-cup deformities or osteolysis, is crucial. This would reveal the presence of PAM and might lead to improved treatment in order to minimize joint damage.
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| 42. |
- Laurent, Torvald C., et al.
(författare)
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Urinary excretion of hyaluronan in man
- 1987
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 47:8, s. 793-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A specific assay for hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) has been applied to the determination of the polysaccharide in urine. The excretion in 22 healthy subjects was 330 micrograms/24 h (SD 77). The excretion was correlated with body weight and was therefore somewhat higher in males than in females. The molecular weight of the main fraction of urinary hyaluronan was in the range of 4000 to 12,000 in accordance with the hypothesis that it originates from blood and arises by glomerular filtration. A small fraction was of higher molecular weight and could have been produced in the urinary tract. Hyaluronan in male and female urine displayed the same molecular weight distributions. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosis showed a two-fold and three-fold increase, respectively, of hyaluronan in urine with concurrently high levels of the polysaccharide in serum. A patient with Werner's syndrome displayed a ten-fold increase of the polysaccharide in both serum and urine.
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| 43. |
- Leung, Ying-Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Peripheral Arthritis in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis : An Updated Literature Review Informing the 2021 GRAPPA Treatment Recommendations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 50:1, s. 119-130
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We aimed to compile evidence for the efficacy and safety of therapeutic options for the peripheral arthritis domain of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for the revised 2021 Group in Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) treatment recommendations.Methods A working group consisting of clinicians and patient research partners was convened. We reviewed the evidence from new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for PsA treatment from February 19, 2013, to August 28, 2020. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-informed approach to derive evidence for the classes of therapeutic options for 3 patient groups: (1) naïve to treatment, (2) inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), and (3) inadequate response to biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs). Recommendations were derived through consensus meetings.Results The evidence review included 69 RCTs. We derived GRADE evidence for each class of therapeutic options and achieved consensus for the recommendations. For patients naïve to treatment, the working group strongly recommends csDMARDs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide) and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, and emphasizes regular assessment and early escalation to achieve treatment target. bDMARDs (tumor necrosis factor inhibitors [TNFi], interleukin 17 inhibitors [IL-17i], IL-12/23i, IL-23i) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are also strongly recommended. For patients with inadequate response to csDMARDs, we strongly recommend TNFi, IL-17i, IL-12/23i, IL-23i, and JAKi. For those who had prior experience with bDMARDs, we strongly recommend a second TNFi, IL-17i, IL-23i, and JAKi. The evidence supporting nonpharmacological interventions was very low. An expert panel conditionally recommends adequate physical activity, smoking cessation, and diet to control weight gain.Conclusion Evidence supporting optimal therapy for the peripheral arthritis domain of PsA was compiled for the revised 2021 GRAPPA treatment recommendations.
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| 44. |
- Lindqvist, Camilla A, et al.
(författare)
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FoxP3+ T-Cells in Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Express Cytolytic Markers and Kill Autologous B-Cells
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent reports indicate that infiltration of FoxP3+ cells into the tumor area may be associated with better overall survival of patients with B-cell malignancies, which is in contrast to patients with non-hematopoetic tumors. Here, we demonstrate a possible mechanism to these findings. Since the tumor cell in lymphoma originates from the immune system we hypothesized that FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) may have a suppressive role in tumor progression in patients with B-cell malignancies. Peripheral blood was collected from 14 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and their Tregs were evaluated for cytolytic markers such as FasL and CD107a. We found that both conventional Tregs (CD4+ FoxP3+CD127low T-cells) and FoxP3+CD127high T-cells were significantly increased in patients with B-CLL compared to healthy controls. Further, both groups of FoxP3+ cells displayed higher expression of the degranulation marker CD107a indicating perforin/granzyme release. A flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that purified Tregs from both patients and healthy controls could kill autologous B-cells in vitro. In conclusion, FoxP3+ T-cells in patients with CLL show effector phenotype and may be involved in tumor cell control by their natural capacity to kill B-cells.
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| 45. |
- Lindqvist, Camilla A., et al.
(författare)
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T regulatory cells control T-cell proliferation partly by the release of soluble CD25 in patients with B-cell malignancies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 131:3, s. 371-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the most studied cytokines driving T-cell proliferation, activation and survival. It binds to the IL-2 receptor consisting of three chains, the alpha (CD25), beta and common gamma (gammac). The binding of the CD25 chain to IL-2 is necessary to expose high-affinity binding sites for the beta and gammac chains, which, in turn, are responsible for downstream signalling. A high level of soluble CD25 (sCD25) has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The function and source of origin of this soluble receptor is not well investigated. In the present study we hypothesized that T regulatory (Treg) cells may release CD25 to act as a decoy receptor for IL-2, thereby depriving T-effector cells of IL-2. Peripheral blood from patients with B-cell malignancies (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 27) was investigated for the presence and function of FoxP3(+) Treg cells and sCD25 by multi-colour flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the proliferative capacity of T cells was evaluated with or without the presence of recombinant sCD25. The results demonstrate that Treg cells from patients had lower CD25 expression intensity and that they released CD25 in vitro. Further, high levels of Treg cells correlated with sCD25 plasma concentration. Recombinant sCD25 could suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, the release of sCD25 by Treg cells may be a mechanism to deprive IL-2 and thereby inhibit anti-tumour T-cell responses.
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| 46. |
- Lindqvist, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Both CD4(+) FoxP3(+) and CD4(+) FoxP3(-) T cells from patients with B-cell malignancy express cytolytic markers and kill autologous leukaemic B cells in vitro.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 133:3, s. 296-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells have been found in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and seem to be involved in the regulation of malignant B cells. The CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) can regulate various immune cells, including B cells, by inducing their apoptosis. Hence, different subgroups of CD4+ T cells may be involved in the regulation of malignant B cells. In this study, the cytotoxic phenotype and function of various CD4+ T-cell subgroups were investigated in patients with B-cell malignancies. Peripheral blood was collected from patients with CLL, various B-cell lymphomas, healthy adult donors, children with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre-B ALL) and from healthy children. CD4+ T cells (CD3+ CD4+ FoxP3-), Tregs (CD3+ CD4+ CD127low FoxP3+) and CD127high FoxP3+ T cells (CD3+ CD4+ CD127high FoxP3+) were analysed for their expression of the cytolytic markers CD107a and Fas ligand. Patients with CLL had increased CD107a expression on all tested T-cell subgroups compared with healthy donors. Similar results were found in patients with B-cell lymphomas whereas the CD107a expression in children with pre-B ALL was no different from that in healthy controls. Fas ligand expression was similar between patient cells and cells of healthy donors. CD4+ T cells and Tregs from patients with CLL and healthy donors were subsequently purified and cultured in vitro with autologous B cells. Both subgroups lysed B cells and killing was confirmed by granzyme ELISAs. In conclusion, cytotoxic populations of CD4+ T cells, including Tregs, are present in patients with B-cell malignancy and may be an important factor in immune-related disease control.
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| 47. |
- Lindqvist, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases are expressed in adult rat retinal ganglion cells as revealed by single-cell degenerate primer polymerase chain reaction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 115:1, s. 65-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To achieve a better understanding of the repertoire of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using degenerate primers directed towards conserved sequences in the tyrosine kinase domain, on cDNA from isolated single RGCs univocally identified by retrograde tracing from the superior colliculi. RESULTS: All the PCR-amplified fragments of the expected sizes were sequenced, and 25% of them contained a tyrosine kinase domain. These were: Axl, Csf-1R, Eph A4, Pdgfrbeta, Ptk7, Ret, Ros, Sky, TrkB, TrkC, Vegfr-2, and Vegfr-3. Non-RTK sequences were Jak1 and 2. Retinal expression of Axl, Csf-1R, Pdgfrbeta, Ret, Sky, TrkB, TrkC, Vegfr-2, and Vegfr-3, as well as Jak1 and 2, was confirmed by PCR on total retina cDNA. Immunodetection of Csf-1R, Pdgfralpha/beta, Ret, Sky, TrkB, and Vegfr-2 on retrogradely traced retinas demonstrated that they were expressed by RGCs. Co-localization of Vegfr-2 and Csf-1R, of Vegfr-2 and TrkB, and of Csf-1R and Ret in retrogradely labelled RGCs was shown. The effect of optic nerve transection on the mRNA level of Pdgfrbeta, Csf-1R, Vegfr-2, Sky, and Axl, and of the Axl ligands Gas6 and ProteinS, was analysed. These analyses show transection-induced changes in Axl and ProteinS mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: The repertoire of RTKs expressed by RGCs is more extensive than previously anticipated. Several of the receptors found in this study, including Pdgfrbeta, Csf-1R, Vegfr-2, Sky, and Axl, and their ligands, have not previously been primarily associated with retinal ganglion cells.
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- Lindqvist, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Proopiomelanocortin and melanocortin receptors in the adult rat retino-tectal system and their regulation after optic nerve transection
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 482:1-3, s. 85-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterise the expression of the melanocortin system in the normal and injured rat visual system. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, we detected melanocortin MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors and proopiomelanocortin in adult retina and superior colliculus. Melanocortin MC4 receptor mRNA was the most abundant receptor. Melanocortin MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors were localised to the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers and the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors were localised to retinal ganglion cells. Transection of the optic nerve leads to ganglion cell death and both melanocortin receptor and proopiomelanocortin expression decreased in superior colliculus after transection whereas the expression was unchanged or even increased in the retina. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone elicited neurite outgrowth from embryonic retinal explants. Together, these data implicate a role for the melanocortin system in the adult rat retina and that melanocortins can stimulate neurite growth from retinal neurons.
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| 49. |
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