| 1. |
- Poyatos, R., et al.
(author)
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Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database
- 2021
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 13:6, s. 2607-2649
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80 % of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50 % of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56 % of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90 % or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The "sapfluxnetr" R package - designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data - is available from CRAN.
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| 2. |
- Luyssaert, S., et al.
(author)
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CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database
- 2007
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 13:12, s. 2509-2537
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.
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| 3. |
- Gottschalk, L, et al.
(author)
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Scale aggregation - comparison of flux estimates from NOPEX
- 1999
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In: AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-1923. ; 98-9, s. 103-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The NOPEX two concentrated field efforts (CFEs) (June 1994 and April-July 1995) provide high quality data sets for the Boreal environment. The analysis of these data with traditional meteorological and hydrological approaches allow estimations of fluxes o
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| 4. |
- Hadad, Ronza, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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GENOMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE ISOLATES IN SWEDEN-2016 NATIONAL STUDY
- 2021
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In: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 97:Suppl. 1, s. A135-A135
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: The number of reported cases of gonorrhoea in Sweden continuously increased from an incidence of 7.8 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2009 to 31.4 in 2019. The largest increase in incidence was observed during 2016–2017. No national molecular epidemiological study investigating the population of N. gonorrhoeae circulating in Sweden has been performed in the last two decades. Our aim was to examine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and genome-based epidemiology, in conjunction to patient epidemiological data, of all gonococcal isolates (n=1279; one isolate per case) from gonorrhoea cases in Sweden during 2016.Methods: AMR testing was performed using Etest, and MICs were interpreted using current clinical resistance breakpoints from EUCAST. All isolates were whole genome sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X platform. Patient epidemiological data was obtained from the Public Health Agency of Sweden.Results: The gonorrhoea patients consisted of 252 (19.7%) women and 1027 men (80.3%). The medium age of the women was 27.4 years and of the men 32.1 years. Regarding sexual orientation, 619 (48.4%) reported homosexual, 605 (47.3%) heterosexual, 31 (2.4%) bisexual, and 24 (1.9%) did not report. Most prevalent countries of infection were Sweden (n=875, 68.4%), followed by Thailand (n=70, 5.5%) and Germany (n=32, 2.5%).Overall, the phenotypic AMR was as follows: ceftriaxone and spectinomycin (0%), cefixime (1.7%), azithromycin (1.3%) and ciprofloxacin (51.1%). A high concordance between phenotypic AMR and molecular AMR determinants was found. Results from the genome-based epidemiology are currently in final analysis.Conclusions: AMR in N. gonorrhoeae in Sweden remains low, in particular to ceftriaxone and azithromycin that is recommended internationally for dual therapy. The incidence increases in Sweden appear to be driven by increased spread among men-who-have-sex-with-men but also younger heterosexuals of both genders. This is the first national genome-based epidemiological study for N. gonorrhoeae in Sweden and final genomic results are pending.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hoff, P, et al.
(author)
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Nuclear spectroscopy at Sn-133
- 2000
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In: HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS. - : BALTZER SCI PUBL BV. - 0304-3843. ; 129:1-4, s. 141-148
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is described how the measurement of n gamma -coincidences can be used to identify single-particle states in Sn-133. This method, in combination with the improved yields at ISOLDE, has facilitated firm determination of three excited single-particle stat
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| 7. |
- Hoff, P, et al.
(author)
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Single-neutron states in Sn-133
- 1996
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0031-9007. ; 77:6, s. 1020-1023
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The location of several single-neutron states in Sn-133 has been identified. The P-3/2, h(9/2), and f(5/2) states were found at 853.7, 1560.9, and 2004.6 keV, respectively, by measuring gamma rays in coincidence with delayed neutrons following the decay o
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| 8. |
- Jacobsson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Rheumatoid arthritis: what does it cost and what factors are driving those costs? Results of a survey in a community-derived population in Malmo, Sweden
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 36:3, s. 179-183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We sought to investigate the cost of living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluate the influence of both demographics and specific disease characteristics on these costs. Methods: We used a population-based questionnaire to survey 895 patients living in the city of Malmo, Sweden, during 2002. Data were obtained on direct resource consumption, investments, informal care and work capacity, as well as utility, function and patients' assessment of disease severity and pain. Results: The survey was completed by 613 patients (68%). Their mean age was 66 years, 74% were female and the mean duration of disease was 16.7 years. The total mean annual cost per patient was 108 370 SEK (12 020 EUR). Direct costs represented 41% of that amount and were predominantly for drugs [141% of the participants were receiving treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers], community services and hospitalisation. Function measured with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was the main statistical predictor for all types of costs except sick leave, which was most strongly associated with patients' perception of global health. Conclusion: This is the first study in Sweden to include all costs incurred by a group representative of RA in the community. In comparison with previous studies, total costs had increased by more than 40%. Furthermore, direct costs were higher and constituted a great proportion of total costs because of more intensive treatments (i.e. the use of TNF blockers). Future comparisons will enable health economic evaluations on a community level.
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| 9. |
- Kobelt, G, et al.
(author)
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Modelling the effect of function and disease activity on costs and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis
- 2005
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In: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 44:9, s. 1169-1175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. When treatments with the potential to change the natural history of a disease are introduced, their longer-term effect on costs and quality of life (utility) has to be estimated using economic models. However, to remain useful tools, models must be updated when new information becomes available. Our earlier models in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been based on functional status, but it has recently been shown that disease activity might have an independent effect on utility. The objective of this study was to improve the model by incorporating the effect of a subjective measure of disease severity and activity (global VAS). Methods. A Markov model was constructed with five states according to functional status (HAQ), and each state was subdivided according to the VAS (< 40 and > 40). Disease development (transition probabilities between the states) was taken from a longitudinal cohort study of patients with early RA in Sweden. A recent population-based survey of 616 patients with RA provided data on costs and utilities. The model incorporates the full distribution of costs and utilities from the survey, and long-term projections are made using Monte Carlo simulation. Results. The global VAS had a highly significant effect on utilities independently of HAQ. For resource consumption, only HAQ was a significant predictor, with the exception of sick leave, which was correlated with the VAS but not with HAQ. Using the cohort distribution from the longitudinal study, expected mean costs per patient over 10 yr were 106 034 euros (s.d. 5091 euros) (1 euro = SEK 9.20) and the expected number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was 5.08 (s.d. 0.09). Patients starting at HAQ < 0.6 but with consistently high VAS scores would have expected costs of 102 830 euros and 4.96 QALYs, while patients with low VAS scores would have costs of 81 603 euros and 6.01 QALYs. Conclusion. Our new model incorporates for the first time the effect of a subjective measure of disease severity and activity on both costs and utility, making it a sensitive tool to estimate the cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying treatments. New data on resource consumption indicate a shift to higher direct costs, particularly in early disease, and lower indirect costs in more advanced disease. The large size of the data sets used in this model reduces the uncertainty and makes estimates very stable.
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| 10. |
- Niu, Shuli, et al.
(author)
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Thermal optimality of net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and underlying mechanisms.
- 2012
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In: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 1469-8137 .- 0028-646X. ; 194:3, s. 775-783
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- • It is well established that individual organisms can acclimate and adapt to temperature to optimize their functioning. However, thermal optimization of ecosystems, as an assemblage of organisms, has not been examined at broad spatial and temporal scales. • Here, we compiled data from 169 globally distributed sites of eddy covariance and quantified the temperature response functions of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), an ecosystem-level property, to determine whether NEE shows thermal optimality and to explore the underlying mechanisms. • We found that the temperature response of NEE followed a peak curve, with the optimum temperature (corresponding to the maximum magnitude of NEE) being positively correlated with annual mean temperature over years and across sites. Shifts of the optimum temperature of NEE were mostly a result of temperature acclimation of gross primary productivity (upward shift of optimum temperature) rather than changes in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. • Ecosystem-level thermal optimality is a newly revealed ecosystem property, presumably reflecting associated evolutionary adaptation of organisms within ecosystems, and has the potential to significantly regulate ecosystem-climate change feedbacks. The thermal optimality of NEE has implications for understanding fundamental properties of ecosystems in changing environments and benchmarking global models.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Orban, Istvan, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Excitation and recombination studies with silicon and sulphur ions at an EBIT
- 2024
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In: Journal of Physics B. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 57:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements of electron-impact excitation and recombination rate coefficients of highly charged Si and S ions at the Stockholm electron beam ion trap are reported. The experimental method was a combination of photon detection from the trapped ions during probing and subsequently extraction and time-of-flight (TOF) charge analysis of these ions. The TOF technique allows to measure recombination rate coefficients separately for every charge state, and together with the photon spectra of these ions also the excitation rate coefficients. In this paper, we present more details of the experimental procedure and summarize the experimental results in comparison with two different state-of-the-art calculations of recombination and excitation rates for Si10+–Si13+ and S12+–S15+ ions. One of these uses a relativistic configuration interaction approach (flexible atomic code) and the other is a relativistic many-body perturbation theory. A good to excellent agreement with both of them is found in energy and resonance strength for the investigated ions.
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| 14. |
- Piao, Shilong, et al.
(author)
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Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming
- 2008
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 451:7174, s. 3-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is particularly sensitive to climatic changes in autumn and spring(1-4), with spring and autumn temperatures over northern latitudes having risen by about 1.1 degrees C and 0.8 degrees C, respectively, over the past two decades(5). A simultaneous greening trend has also been observed, characterized by a longer growing season and greater photosynthetic activity(6,7). These observations have led to speculation that spring and autumn warming could enhance carbon sequestration and extend the period of net carbon uptake in the future(8). Here we analyse interannual variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration data and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes. We find that atmospheric records from the past 20 years show a trend towards an earlier autumn- to- winter carbon dioxide build- up, suggesting a shorter net carbon uptake period. This trend cannot be explained by changes in atmospheric transport alone and, together with the ecosystem flux data, suggest increasing carbon losses in autumn. We use a process- based terrestrial biosphere model and satellite vegetation greenness index observations to investigate further the observed seasonal response of northern ecosystems to autumnal warming. We find that both photosynthesis and respiration increase during autumn warming, but the increase in respiration is greater. In contrast, warming increases photosynthesis more than respiration in spring. Our simulations and observations indicate that northern terrestrial ecosystems may currently lose carbon dioxide in response to autumn warming, with a sensitivity of about 0.2 PgC degrees C-1, offsetting 90% of the increased carbon dioxide uptake during spring. If future autumn warming occurs at a faster rate than in spring, the ability of northern ecosystems to sequester carbon may be diminished earlier than previously suggested(9,10).
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| 15. |
- Soderlin, M. K., et al.
(author)
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A more active treatment has profound effects on the health status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients: results from a population-based RA register in Malmö, Sweden, 1997–2005
- 2010
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 39:3, s. 206-211
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methods: A continuously updated population-based RA register was established in the city of Malmo, southern Sweden, in 1997. Self-completed postal questionnaires issued in 1997, 2002, and 2005 were used to collect information on demographics, medication, and health status. Cross-sectional comparisons were made between data from 1997, 2002, and 2005. Results: Between 1997 and 2005, the proportion of patients treated with any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) including biologics increased substantially (from 52% to 87%), as well as the proportion treated with methotrexate (from 23% to 52%) and biologics (almost exclusively tumour necrosis factor inhibitors) (from 0% to 20%). Twelve per cent of RA patients received biologics 5 years from disease onset in 2005. In parallel with changes in treatment, mean Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores (1.19 vs. 0.89) and all Short Form 36 (SF-36) subscales improved from 1997 to 2005 (non-overlapping confidence intervals). Conclusion: Between 1997 and 2005, there was a substantial increase in the use of DMARDs, which was accompanied by improved mean HAQ and SF-36 scores in cross-sectional comparisons. These results support the concept that more intensive treatment with DMARDs and biologics can have profound effects on the overall health status in RA patients at the population level.
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| 16. |
- Söderlin, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Trends in medication and health-related quality of life in a population-based rheumatoid arthritis register in Malmo, Sweden
- 2007
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In: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 46:8, s. 1355-1358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. To study trends in treatment, health status and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in two cross-sectional surveys over a 5-yr period and in an observational follow-up sub-cohort based on a population-based rheumatoid arthritis (RA) register in Malm6, Sweden. Material and methods. A continuously updated population-based RA register was established in Malm6 city in southern Sweden in 1997. Patient-administered questionnaires in 1997 and 2002 were used to collect information on demographics, medication and health status. Cross-sectional comparisons were made between 1997 and 2002. A longitudinal analysis was also performed in the RA patients participating in both surveys. Results. Increased proportions of patients were treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (69 vs 52%), corticosteroids (30 vs 23%), methotrexate (52 vs 29%) and biologics (14 vs 0%) in 2002 compared with 1997. In the cross-sectional analysis, the visual analogue scores (VAS) for pain and general health and the short form 36 (SF-36) domains were slightly better in 2002 than in 1997. In the observational sub-cohort, patients treated with biologics improved significantly in several measures of health status, whereas those starting on methotrexate or undergoing other or no changes in DMARD therapy did not. Conclusions. In this population-based RA cohort, patients were more actively treated in 2002. Small improvements were seen in health status and these improvements were exclusively attributable to treatment with biologics.
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| 17. |
- Yuan, Wenping, et al.
(author)
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Redefinition and global estimation of basal ecosystem respiration rate
- 2011
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In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236. ; 25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Basal ecosystem respiration rate (BR), the ecosystem respiration rate at a given temperature, is a common and important parameter in empirical models for quantifying ecosystem respiration (ER) globally. Numerous studies have indicated that BR varies in space. However, many empirical ER models still use a global constant BR largely due to the lack of a functional description for BR. In this study, we redefined BR to be ecosystem respiration rate at the mean annual temperature. To test the validity of this concept, we conducted a synthesis analysis using 276 site-years of eddy covariance data, from 79 research sites located at latitudes ranging from similar to 3 degrees S to similar to 70 degrees N. Results showed that mean annual ER rate closely matches ER rate at mean annual temperature. Incorporation of site-specific BR into global ER model substantially improved simulated ER compared to an invariant BR at all sites. These results confirm that ER at the mean annual temperature can be considered as BR in empirical models. A strong correlation was found between the mean annual ER and mean annual gross primary production (GPP). Consequently, GPP, which is typically more accurately modeled, can be used to estimate BR. A light use efficiency GPP model (i.e., EC-LUE) was applied to estimate global GPP, BR and ER with input data from MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications) and MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The global ER was 103 Pg C yr (-1), with the highest respiration rate over tropical forests and the lowest value in dry and high-latitude areas.
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| 18. |
- Yuan, W., et al.
(author)
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Thermal adaptation of net ecosystem exchange
- 2011
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In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4189. ; 8:6, s. 1453-1463
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thermal adaptation of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration has been well documented over broad thermal gradients. However, no study has examined their interaction as a function of temperature, i.e. the thermal responses of net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE). In this study, we constructed temperature response curves of NEE against temperature using 380 site-years of eddy covariance data at 72 forest, grassland and shrubland ecosystems located at latitudes ranging from similar to 29 degrees N to 64 degrees N. The response curves were used to define two critical temperatures: transition temperature (T-b) at which ecosystem transfer from carbon source to sink and optimal temperature (T-o) at which carbon uptake is maximized. T-b was strongly correlated with annual mean air temperature. T-o was strongly correlated with mean temperature during the net carbon uptake period across the study ecosystems. Our results imply that the net ecosystem exchange of carbon adapts to the temperature across the geographical range due to intrinsic connections between vegetation primary production and ecosystem respiration.
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