| 1. |
- Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
On the tradeoff between data density and data capture duration in 3D laser scanning for production system engineering
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 41, s. 697-701
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3D laser scanning is a technology for capture of spatial data in three dimensions. The technology originates from the field of surveying and has since been spread to several other application areas. In the realm of production system engineering, 3D laser scanning is primarily used to verify equipment installation. Lately applications for the 3D scan data are emerging also when it comes to the planning of the installations and the use of the equipment. The motivation for using 3D scan data in the case of planning is primarily to have up-to-date and verified spatial data, including any undocumenter alterations from drawings and models. The process of capturing 3D scan data requires access to an unmovingproduction system which can be costly, either due to stopping produciton or by accessing it during nights or weekends. The more detailed the data collection is, the more time is required. Therefore there is a need to accurately define and plan the minimum data density requirement. This paper evaluates the effect of data density, and thus data collection duration, in a production system application. Data capture duration is shown to impact the usability of the resulting data. To further understand the trade-off and be able to use it as decision support there needs to be an analysis of the additional time and data storage costs created by increasing the number of scan locations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Production system geometry assurance using 3D imaging
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 132-137
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production systems evolve to accommodate new and redesigned products. These changes are planned offline in virtual tools, to reduce disturbances on ongoing production. Offline planning requires virtual models that correctly represent reality. Most models are "as-designed" and suffer from geometrical errors stemming from deployment alterations. Such errors are often discovered late in the next change process or during installation, making corrections expensive. Having geometry assured production systems and models eliminate one source of error during the production system change process. This paper evaluates 3D imaging and the C2M (cloud-to-mesh) algorithm for assessing the validity of virtual production system models.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Using 3D Laser Scanning to Support Discrete Event Simulation of Production Systems: Lessons Learned
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; 2015-January, s. 2990-2999
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using 3D laser scanning, the spatial data of an entire production system can be captured and digitalized ina matter of hours. Such spatial data could provide a current state representation of the real systemavailable at the hand of the simulation engineer. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of 3Dlaser scanning in Discrete Event Simulation (DES) projects in the area of production systems. Theevaluation relies on three simulation studies performed with the support of 3D laser scanning. 3D scandata, if available, can support most steps in a DES study. Particularly, the 3D scan data acts as a referencemodel when formulating the conceptual model and collecting input data. During model building the scandata provides physical measurements for accurate positioning of simulation objects. Furthermore the scandata can be used for photorealistic visualization of the simulated environment without requiring any CADmodeling.
|
|
| 4. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Change Agent Infrastructure (CHAI) – a Stakeholder Analysis Tool for Ergonomics- and Work Environment- Related Change Projects
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 498:2017, s. 715-726
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a short communication introducing a novel method forstakeholder analysis, Change Agent Infrastructure (CHAI). The method isspecifically developed in the context of ergonomics/work environment-relatedchange projects and is meant for early stages of change projects. It mapspotential stakeholders against eight distinct “roles” that have been found inprevious research to facilitate or hinder workplace change. Mapping the“decision dilemmas” that stakeholders may face, as well as identifying over- orunderrepresented roles, may benefit the change project in terms of determininginformation needs and how the project team should be staffed. The method hasbeen iteratively developed and tested in educational and research projects. Themethod is visual, participative and helps to clarify the various participants’understanding of the change at hand and what it means for them – thiscontributes positively to information strategies and decisions that facilitates theplanning and execution of a sustainable change.
|
|
| 5. |
- Faure, Lucile, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
3D Movie Creation from Discrete Event Simulation Software Models of Manufacturing Industries
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Conference of Modeling, Optimization and Simulation.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Movies made from simulation tools can be used to present results of simulation models to people who have no knowledge about simulation or how to validate and optimize models. This is why it is important to present models that reproduce reality as accurately as possible. One important mean to achieve this is to capture the 3D depth which humans become aware of due to our set of two eyes. Actual simulation models include 3D-objects but are normally viewed in 2D on regular computer screens. There is a gap in terms of perceiving reality here. Nowadays the movie industry use stereoscopy to fill this gap. However industrial companies are not as far in this technological use yet. This paper presents a method to include stereoscopy when watching simulation models created with different programs. The method involves accessing the code which describes camera point of view in the simulation software and record two movies of the same scenario with slightly different camera positions and angles. Afterwards the two recordings can be integrated to create a stereoscopic movie.
|
|
| 6. |
- Jain, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
-
A Hierarchical Approach for Evaluating Energy Trade-offs in Supply Chains
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273. ; 146:2, s. 411-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supply chain design and operational decisions may impact the energy needed to keep the products flowing through to the customers. It is a challenge to determine the energy consumption and even more challenging to understand the impact of design and operational decisions on the energy consumption along the supply chain. This paper presents a hierarchical simulation based approach for estimating the energy consumption to keep the products flowing through a supply chain. System dynamics simulation is used at a high abstraction level to understand the major factors that may affect the energy consumption. Discrete event simulation is then used to delve down in detail for evaluating the critical stages in the supply chain. A case study for a closed loop supply chain of forklift brakes is used as an example of application of the approach. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jain, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-Resolution Modeling for Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2013 Winter Simulation Conference. - 9781479920778 ; , s. 1996-2007
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of the need to reduce environmental impact. This hasmotivated the industry to make efforts to improve the sustainability of their products and supply chains.Such efforts require the ability to analyze the sustainability of supply chains and potential improvements.A systematic approach is needed to evaluate the alternatives that may range from those at the supplychain configuration level to those for improving equipment at a production facility. This paper presents amulti-resolution modeling approach that allows analyzing parts of the supply chain at appropriate level ofdetail. The capability allows studying the supply chain at high level initially and iteratively drilling downto detailed levels in the identified areas of opportunity and evaluating associated improvement alternatives.Multi-resolution modeling directly relates the impact of improvement in one part of the supplychain to overall supply chain performance thus reducing analyst effort and time.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jain, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
-
Supply Chain Carbon Footprint Tradeoffs Using Simulation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supply chain design and operational decisions may impact the carbon footprint of the products flowingthrough. It is a challenge to determine the carbon footprint and even more challenging to understand theimpact of design and operational decisions on the footprint. This paper presents a hierarchical simulationbasedapproach for estimating the carbon footprint of products flowing through a supply chain. SystemsDynamics simulation is used at a high abstraction level to understand the major factors that may affect thecarbon footprint. Discrete event simulation is then used to delve down in detail for evaluating the criticalstages in the supply chain. A case study for a closed-loop supply chain of forklift brakes is used as an exampleof implementation of the approach.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation and Calculation of Dynamics in Environmental Impact Assessment
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783642403514 ; 397:1, s. 135-141
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ten years customers will select products not only based on price and quality but also with strong regard to the product value environmental footprint, including for example the energy consumed. Customers expect transparency in the product realization process, where most products are labeled with their environmental footprint. Vigorous companies see this new product value as an opportunity to be more competitive. In order to effectively label the envi-ronmental impact of a product, it is pertinent for companies to request the envi-ronmental footprint of each component from their suppliers. Hence, companies along the product lifecycle require a tool, not only to facilitate the computing of the environmental footprint, but also help reduce/balance the environmental impact during the lifecycle of the product. This paper proposes to develop a procedure that companies will use to evaluate, improve and externally advertise their product’s environmental footprint to customers.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988
(författare)
-
A Framework for Systematic use of Realistic Visualisation to Support Layout Planning of Production Systems
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The process of designing production systems comprises a sequence of steps toward the final design and realisation. Layout planning is a significant part of this process. Its outcome should be a layout which matches the existing spatial conditions of the factory building and desired performance of the production system. To support layout planning, virtual representations of layouts can be created to plan and evaluate layout alternatives. Costly problems can arise during the realisation, if the virtual representations are inaccurate or lack details of the factory building and planned production systems. 3D laser scanning can be used to create accurate and detailed virtual representations by capturing the spatial conditions of existing factory buildings. The data from a 3D laser scan can be used for realistic visualisation of the existing factory building. If this is combined with 3D CAD models of new equipment, the planned production system layout can also be visualised realistically. Realistic visualisation has been shown to enable accurate planning and evaluation of production system layouts, but it does require a systematic working method. The aim of this thesis is to outline and evaluate a framework for systematic use of realistic visualisation to support layout planning of production systems. This aim is addressed using an action research design; this incorporates five industrial studies targeting industrial projects designing production systems. The framework is outlined and evaluated based on the results of the industrial studies. The outlined framework follows a project model for production systems design. It includes several design activities which rely on realistic visualisation of the planned production system layouts. The framework can be used to support the layout planning of industrial projects designing production systems. Its outcomes include making the correct decisions, reducing costly risks and problems and reducing overall project time. Layout planning supported by realistic visualisation allows manufacturing companies to reduce uncertainty when realising planned production systems.
|
|
| 11. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
A Method for Determining the Environmental Footprint of Industrial Products Using Simulation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. - 9781457721083 ; , s. 2131-2142
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective assessment and communication of the environmental footprint is increasingly important to process development and marketing purposes. Traditionally, static methods have been applied to analyze the environmental impact during a product’s life cycle; however, they are unable to incorporate dynamic aspects of real world operations. This paper discusses a method using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to analyze production systems and simultaneously enable labeling of products’ environmental footprint. The method steps include data management, determination of environmental footprint, and communication of the results. The method is developed during a case study of a job-shop-production facility. To evaluate theDES method, the DES results were compared with the results of a Simplified Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) conducted on the same production system. The case study demonstrates the possibility for the DES method to determine the variation between products in terms of the environmental footprint andhighlights some of the difficulties involved.
|
|
| 12. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining Point Cloud Technologies with Discrete Event Simulation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utilizing point cloud models from 3D laser scans for visualization of manufacturing facilities and systemsprovides highly realistic representations. Recent developments has improved the accuracy of point cloudmodels in terms of color and positioning. This technology has the potential to generate savings in timeand money compared to traditional methods. Visualization in terms of accurate geometrical factory datahas traditionally not been feasible when developing discrete event simulation (DES) models. Currently,methods for utilizing point clouds in DES models are lacking. Better visualization could improve communicationof results and make them available to a wider target audience. Creating methods to combinepoint cloud technologies with DES would enable realistic visualization and improved accuracy includinglevel of detail regarding geometric representation in DES models.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving lean design of production systems by visualization support
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 41, s. 602-607
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design process of production systems is complex with many different aspects to consider for efficiently developing and installing an effective system. Important success factors during the design process are typically the abilities to identify and manage risks, develop mitigation plans, and conduct timely proactive problem solving. The work reported in this paper is part of research addressing methods for how the design process can be supported by using virtual representations of the factory environments captured with 3D laser scanning. This support is evaluated in an industrial study of one industrialization project in the manufacturing industry. The industrialization project follows the process to design layout, work places, and plan for installation of new equipment to create a production system within a refurbished shop floor area. The area will include CNC machining centers, welding stations, product inspection, product cleaning, and material handling. 3D laser scanning is used to provide an accurate and realistic virtual representation of the current shop floor area. This virtual representation is combined with 3D CAD models of the new machining centers and other equipment to provide a realistic visualization of the planned production system. The research approach and its questions investigate the benefits of combining the lean principles to design and development of production systems using a realistic visualization, which include systematic risk analysis and problem solving as important activities. The result shows that visualization support gave a great advantage to identify the possible risks and problems, which resulted in higher confidence and substantial timesaving in planning and execution of the industrialization project.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Layout Planning and Geometry Analysis Using 3D Laser Scanning in Production System Redesign
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 126-131
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production system layouts are traditionally redesigned and modelled using CAD tools. Frequent system changes, i.e. equipment is replaced or moved to new locations, necessitate time-consuming measurement and modelling work to keep the models valid and up-to-date. 3D imaging has been proposed as a means for rapid and accurate spatial modelling by digitalising real world objects. This paper analyses the method and result from five industrial studies where 3D imaging, specifically 3D laser scanning, were used to support layout planning and geometry analysis of production systems. The results show promise to reduce time, risks, and cost when redesigning production systems.
|
|
| 15. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Lean Based Problem Solving using 3D Laser Scanned Visualizations of Production Systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology. - 2319-5967. ; 3:3, s. 556-565
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3D laser scanning technology holds the capability to provide accurate and realistic visualizations of production systems. These visualizations can be used as decision-support in project teams when planning the redesign of production systems. To make such decision-support effective, a structured approach for how to use the realistic visualizations in team environments is required. The purpose of this paper is to propose a structured approach of how realistic visualizations can be used to solve problems that are identified while planning the redesign of a production system. The proposed approach derives from a theoretical framework on problem solving and three industrial studies applying realistic visualizations. The result is a description of how realistic visualizations can be used in the five steps of the problem solving approach LAMDA used in Lean product development. Such approach has the potential to support project teams in making the required decision by systematic solve problems pro-actively while planning the redesign of production systems.
|
|
| 16. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Lessons Learned from 3D Laser Scanning of Production Systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of The 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - 9789198097412
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3D laser scanning is a technology that can be used for creating accurate and realistic virtual representations of production systems. The purpose with this paper is to present lessons learned from how to carrying out the 3D laser scanning. These lessons learned derive from a review of six industrial studies that applied 3D laser scanning to solve different production related problems. The review shows that good planning and preparation is key factors for high quality and accuracy of the resulting scan data.
|
|
| 17. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Production system redesign using realistic visualisation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 55:3, s. 858-869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of redesigning production systems is usually complex, for which virtual design tools are available. These tools are used to analyse and evaluate planned changes prior to implementation, making it possible to identify and prevent costly design mistakes. Despite this, design mistakes arise during and after the implementation. A source for design mistakes is incorrect or insufficient spatial data of the production systems used in the virtual design tools. The aim of this paper is to show how to reduce the time required for planning and implementing the redesign by supporting the process with realistic visualisation, created from accurate spatial data of the real production systems. Three industrial studies were carried out to evaluate how address realistic visualisation in order to support the redesign process. The result shows terrestrial 3D laser scanning to be suitable for capturing spatial data for realistic visualisation of production systems. The realistic visualisation can be used to virtually analyse design alternatives of the production systems, by, for example, combining the 3D laser scan data with 3D CAD models. The realistic visualisation enabling effective and accurate planning, which gives the opportunity to reduce the time required for planning and implementing redesigned production systems.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988
(författare)
-
Towards Realistic Visualisation of Production Systems
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Redesigning a production system is a complex process for which numerous virtual tools are available to support the planning process. These virtual tools are used to forecast and analyse the production system prior to implementing the redesign, which makes it possible to identify and prevent costly problems during the planning process. However, such problems occur anyhow due to incorrect information in the virtual representation of the production system and misunderstandings between experts responsible for different areas of the production system. These problems can be avoided by supporting the planning process with realistic and accurate information regarding the existing and redesigned production system.The aim of this thesis is to show that realistic visualisation can support the process of redesigning production systems, in order to reduce the time required for planning and implementation. Three industrial studies were carried out to evaluate how realistic visualisation can be created to support the redesign process. These industrial studies focused mainly on discussing redesign considerations in groups of experts with different areas of responsibility. Additionally, two workshops were carried out to identify what information these experts found important to include in the realistic visualisations.The results show the potential of using 3D laser scanning to create realistic visualisations of production systems with high accuracy. These visualisations can be used to present existing and redesigned production systems in a way that is easy for a wide range of people to understand. Redesigned systems can be visualised by combining 3D laser scan data with 3D CAD models to enable discussion and analysis of redesign alternatives. The support of realistic visualisation can reduce the time required for planning and implementing the redesigned production systems by enabling effective and accurate planning.
|
|
| 19. |
- Lindskog, Erik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Visualization Support for Virtual Redesign of Manufacturing Systems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 7, s. 419-424
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapidly changing products and market demand call for manufacturing systems to be continuously adapted and developed. The process of modifying manufacturing systems requires large amounts of planning involving contributions from personnel across an organization. These people need a shared understanding of the future system, including but not limited to its design, functions, and expected performance. One common representation in the virtual manufacturing system domain are 2D CAD layouts. Typical problems with such traditional 2D models are that only experts understand the content fully. For increased understanding, 3D CAD models could bridge the gap between different areas of expertise. However, creating 3D models representing the complete system is traditionally time-consuming, resulting in oversimplified models or limited to parts of the system. Furthermore, such models normally contain uncertainty about building-related geometries that could incur costly mistakes if used as basis for decisions, e.g. realizing during installation of a machine that roof-beams interfere with the planned placement. This paper evaluates what type of problems can be solved with better visualization support, e.g. issues concerning workshop-layout, production flow, workplace design, etc. The evaluation is based on two case studies at different manufacturing sites during ongoing system redesign processes. The case studies implemented visualization using a combination of CAD models and 3D laser scanned as-built data of the current system and facility. The vision is to implement the Lean concept of “Go to Gemba” for a future state in a virtual environment. Bringing this concept into the early phases of manufacturing system redesign has the potential to facilitate the creation of a shared understanding of the future system within cross-functional project teams.
|
|
| 20. |
- Nåfors, Daniel, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Realistic virtual models for factory layout planning
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference. - 0891-7736. ; , s. 3976-3987
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factory layout planning is essential for manufacturing companies when designing or redesigning production systems. The layout planning usually involves 2D CAD applications, sometimes based on faulty data. Difficulties in communicating and discussing layout alternatives using such applications can lead to critical errors. This paper aims to investigate and evaluate the usefulness of realistic 3D layout models in the layout planning process, addressed by an industrial study of how existing methods for visualization can be applied. This paper shows that utilizing a realistic and accurate layout model allows for fruitful discussions while several potential mistakes can be avoided. It also shows benefits in evaluating a layout and the model’s accuracy in immersive virtual reality where a better perspective of the layout can be acquired. Having such evaluated layout models will enable more accurate simulation models, based on real physical requirements.
|
|
