| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rudman, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Sjuksköterskor i frontlinjen av COVID-19 pandemin : vilka blev konsekvenserna? Teknisk rapport om enkät och datainsamling
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport summerar datainsamlingen som genomfördes av SCB (Statistiska centralbyrån) i projektet ”Sjuksköterskor i frontlinjen av COVID-19 pandemin: Vilka blev konsekvenserna?”. Projektet är finansierat av AFA försäkring (Diarienr 200311). I kapitel 1 beskrivs bakgrund till LUST (Longitudinell Undersökning om Sjuksköterskors Tillvaro) studien. I kapitel 2 beskrivs studien utifrån design, rekrytering och datainsamling. I kapitel 3 redovisas översikt över innehållet i enkäten som skickades ut studiedeltagarna. Projektet bedrivs på Högskolan Dalarna och inom ramen för Petter Gustavssons forskargrupp vid Karolinska Institutet.Sjuksköterskor har varit i frontlinjen av COVID-19-pandemin och de stressorer som de utsatts för i sitt arbete inom hälso- och sjukvården kan orsaka hälsoproblem. I föreliggande projekt har en nationell kartläggning av sjuksköterskors arbetssituation och hälsa under COVID-19 pandemin gjorts. Undersökningen är gjord utifrån de tre sjuksköterskekohorter som följts inom ramen för LUST-studien sedan 2002 (Gustavsson et al., 2013; Rudman, Hörberg, et al., 2020; Rudman et al., 2010). I LUST-studien har närmare 4500 sjuksköterskestudenter följts med uppföljande enkäter från deras utbildningstid 11 till 15 år efter examen. En uppföljande enkätundersökning genomfördes i september 2021 till januari 2022 vilket motsvarar 15 till 19 år efter examen. En speciellt anpassad enkät med relevans och aktualitet för arbetet under pandemin hade utvecklats gemensamt med forskare som har expertis gällande sjuksköterskor i olika verksamheter som belastats under COVID-19 pandemin. Enkäterna besvarades när pandemin pågått i ungefär ett år och nio månader.I samarbete med SCB har datainsamlingen genomförts som en postenkät med påminnelser och med möjlighet att besvara frågorna online. Svarsfrekvensen för enkätstudien blev 57% för hela undersökningen (för samtliga kohorter), vilket bedöms vara en hög svarsfrekvens med tanke på hur belastad sjuksköterskekåren har varit under COVID-19 pandemin.
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| 4. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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The human secretome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 12:609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dopson, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Mineral and iron oxidation at low temperatures by pure and mixed cultures of acidophilic microorganisms.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biotechnol Bioeng. - : Wiley. - 0006-3592 .- 1097-0290. ; 97:5, s. 1205-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An enrichment culture from a boreal sulfide mine environment containing a low-grade polymetallic ore was tested in column bioreactors for simulation of low temperature heap leaching. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the enrichment culture contained an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain with high 16S rRNA gene similarity to the psychrotolerant strain SS3 and a mesophilic Leptospirillum ferrooxidans strain. As the mixed culture contained a strain that was within a clade with SS3, we used the SS3 pure culture to compare leaching rates with the At. ferrooxidans type strain in stirred tank reactors for mineral sulfide dissolution at various temperatures. The psychrotolerant strain SS3 catalyzed pyrite, pyrite/arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite concentrate leaching. The rates were lower at 5 degrees C than at 30 degrees C, despite that all the available iron was in the oxidized form in the presence of At. ferrooxidans SS3. This suggests that although efficient At. ferrooxidans SS3 mediated biological oxidation of ferrous iron occurred, chemical oxidation of the sulfide minerals by ferric iron was rate limiting. In the column reactors, the leaching rates were much less affected by low temperatures than in the stirred tank reactors. A factor for the relatively high rates of mineral oxidation at 7 degrees C is that ferric iron remained in the soluble phase whereas, at 21 degrees C the ferric iron precipitated. Temperature gradient analysis of ferrous iron oxidation by this enrichment culture demonstrated two temperature optima for ferrous iron oxidation and that the mixed culture was capable of ferrous iron oxidation at 5 degrees C. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 8. |
- Herbertsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Bees increase seed set of wild plants while the proportion of arable land has a variable effect on pollination in European agricultural landscapes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:3, s. 341-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Agricultural intensification and loss of farmland heterogeneity have contributed to population declines of wild bees and other pollinators, which may have caused subsequent declines in insect-pollinated wild plants.Material and methods: Using data from 37 studies on 22 pollinator-dependent wild plant species across Europe, we investigated whether flower visitation and seed set of insect-pollinated plants decline with an increasing proportion of arable land within 1 km.Key results: Seed set increased with increasing flower visitation by bees, most of which were wild bees, but not with increasing flower visitation by other insects. Increasing proportion of arable land had a strongly variable effect on seed set and flower visitation by bees across studies.Conclusion:Factors such as landscape configuration, local habitat quality, and temporally changing resource availability (e.g. due to mass-flowering crops or honey bee hives) could have modified the effect of arable land on pollination. While our results highlight that the persistence of wild bees is crucial to maintain plant diversity, we also show that pollen limitation due to declining bee populations in homogenized agricultural landscapes is not a universal driver causing parallel losses of bees and insect-pollinated plants.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin BMAA induces changes in protein expression and neurodegeneration in adult hippocampus.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-0929 .- 1096-6080. ; 130:2, s. 391-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cyanobacterial toxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been proposed to contribute to neurodegenerative disease. We have previously reported a selective uptake of BMAA in the mouse neonatal hippocampus and that exposure during the neonatal period causes learning and memory impairments in adult rats. The aim of this study was to characterize effects in the brain of 6-month-old rats treated neonatally (postnatal days 9-10) with the glutamatergic BMAA. Protein changes were examined using the novel technique Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) for direct imaging of proteins in brain cryosections, and histological changes were examined using immunohistochemistry and histopathology. The results showed long-term changes including a decreased expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism and intracellular signaling in the adult hippocampus at a dose (150 mg/kg) that gave no histopathological lesions in this brain region. Developmental exposure to a higher dose (460 mg/kg) also induced changes in the expression of S100β, histones, calcium- and calmodulin-binding proteins, and guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. At this dose, severe lesions in the adult hippocampus including neuronal degeneration, cell loss, calcium deposits, and astrogliosis were evident. The data demonstrate subtle, sometimes dose-dependent, but permanent effects of a lower neonatal dose of BMAA in the adult hippocampus suggesting that BMAA could potentially disturb many processes during the development. The detection of BMAA in seafood stresses the importance of evaluating the magnitude of human exposure to this neurotoxin.
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| 12. |
- Klawonn, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Sigma-2 Receptor Selective Agonist Siramesine (Lu 28-179) Decreases Cocaine-Reinforced Pavlovian Learning and Alters Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Input to the Striatum
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug addiction is a chronic, debilitating disease that affects millions of people around the world causing a substantial societal burden. Despite decades of research efforts, treatment possibilities remain limited and relapse represents the most treatmentresistant element. Neurosteroid sigma-1 receptors have been meticulously studied in psychostimulant reinforced Pavlovian learning, while the sigma-2 receptor subtype has remained unexplored. Recent development of selective sigma-2 receptor ligands have now made it possible to investigate if the sigma-2 receptor system is a potential target to treat drug addiction. We examined the effect of the sigma-2 receptor agonist Siramesine (Lu 28-179) on cocaine-associated locomotion, Pavlovian learning, and reward neurocircuitry using electrophysiology recordings and in vivo microdialysis. We found that Siramesine significantly attenuated conditioned place preference acquisition and expression, as well as it completely blocked cocaine-primed reinstatement. Siramesine, in a similar manner as the selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD 1063, decreased acute locomotor responses to cocaine. Immunohistochemistry suggests co-expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 1/sigma-2 receptors and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 in presynaptic boutons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings of neurons in the NAc indicated that Siramesine decreases the presynaptic release probability of glutamate. Further, we demonstrated, via in vivo microdialysis, that Siramesine significantly decreased cocaine-evoked dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that sigma-2 receptors regulate neurocircuitry responsible for positive reinforcement and thereby play a role in cocaine-reinforced Pavlovian behaviors.
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| 13. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 14. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 15. |
- Nilsson, Helena, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A time trend study of significantly elevated perfluorocarboxylate levels in humans after using fluorinated ski wax
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington, USA : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 44:6, s. 2150-2155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A time trend study focusing on ski waxing technicians' exposure to perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) from fluorinated wax fumes was performed in 2007/2008. Levels of eight perfluorocarboxylates and three perfluorosulfonates were analyzed in monthly blood samples from eight technicians, Samples were collected before the ski season, i.e., preseason, then at four AS World Cup competitions in cross country skiing, and finally during an unexposed 5-month postseason period. The perfluorinated carboxylates perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) bioaccumulate, and continued exposure may contribute to elevated levels in ski technicians compared to the general population. The wax technicians' median blood level of PFOA is 112 ng/mL compared to 2.5 ng/mL in the general Swedish population. A significant correlation was found between number of working years and levels of perfluorocarboxylates. The PFOA levels in three technicians with "low" initial levels of PFOA (< 10.0 ng/mL in preseason blood) increased by 254, 134, and 120%, whereas five technicians with "high" initial levels (> 100 ng/mL in preseason sample) were at steady state. PFHxA is suggested to have a short half-life in humans relative the other perfluorocarboxylates. The levels of perfluorosulfonates were unaffected by the wax exposure.
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| 16. |
- Nilsson, Helena, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Biotransformation of fluorotelomer compound to perfluorocarboxylates in humans
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 51, s. 8-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levels of perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) in biological compartments have been known for some time but their transport routes and distribution patterns are not properly elucidated. The opinions diverge whether the exposure of the general population occurs indirect through precursors or direct via PFCAs. Previous results showed that ski wax technicians are exposed to levels up to 92 000 ng/m(3) of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) via air and have elevated blood levels of PFCAs. Blood samples were collected in 2007-2011 and analyzed for C(4)-C(18) PFCAs, 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 unsaturated fluorotelomer acids (FTUCAs) and 3:3, 5:3 and 7:3 fluorotelomer acids (FTCAs) using UPLC-MS/MS. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was detected in levels ranging from 1.90 to 628 ng/mL whole blood (wb). Metabolic intermediates 5:3 and 7:3 FTCA were detected in all samples at levels up to 6.1 and 3.9 ng/mL wb. 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTUCAs showed maximum levels of 0.07, 0.64 and 0.11 ng/mL wb. Also, for the first time levels of PFHxDA and PFOcDA were detected in the human blood at mean concentrations up to 4.22 ng/mL wb and 4.25 ng/mL wb respectively. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of PFCAs and FTOH metabolites in blood from ski wax technicians.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, Helena, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Inhalation exposure to fluorotelomer alcohols yield perfluorocarboxylates in human blood?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 44:19, s. 7717-7722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levels of perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) in different environmental and biological compartments have been known for some time, but the routes of exposure still remain unclear. The opinions are divergent whether the exposure to general populations occurs mainly indirect through precursor compounds or direct via PFCAs. Previous results showed elevated blood levels of PFCAs in ski wax technicians compared to a general population. The objective of this follow-up study was to determine concentrations of PFCAs, perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs), and fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), precursor compounds that are known to degrade to PFCAs, in air collected in the breathing zone of ski wax technicians during work. We collected air samples by using ISOLUTE ENV+ cartridges connected to portable air pumps with an air flow of 2.0 L min(-1). PFCAs C5-C11 and PFSAs C4, C6, C8, and C10 were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and FTOHs 6:2, 8:2, and 10:2 with GC-MS/MS. The results show daily inhalation exposure of 8:2 FTOH in mu g/m(3) air which is up to 800 times higher than levels of PFOA with individual levels ranging between 830-255000 ng/m(3) air. This suggests internal exposure of PFOA through biotransformation of 8:2 FTOH to PFOA and PFNA in humans.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Helena, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Professional ski waxers' exposure to PFAS and aerosol concentrations in gas phase and different particle size fractions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental science. Processes & impacts. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 15:4, s. 814-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous reports show that professional ski waxers have elevated blood levels of perfluorinated substances (PFAS) such as perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and are exposed to very high concentrations of PFAS in air during ski waxing. Aerosol exposure increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and PFOA is a potential hormonal disruptor and carcinogen, and can affect the fatty acid metabolism. Animal studies have shown that 8: 2 FTOH can undergo biotransformation to PFOA. For the first time, this study presents an occupational scenario of professional ski waxers who are exposed to extremely high dust levels as well as per-and polyfluorinated compounds. Personal and fixed measurements of total aerosol, inhalable and respirable fractions were performed during World Cup events 2007-2010. The occupational exposure limit (OEL) is exceeded in 37% of the personal measurements with concentrations up to 15 mu g m(-3) in air. There are differences between personal and area total aerosol concentrations with levels from personal measurements twice as high as those from the area measurements. The personal levels for FTOH ranged up to 996 mg m(-3) (mean = 114 mu g m(-3)) and for PFOA up to 4.89 mu g m(-3) (mean = 0.53 mu g m(-3)) in ENV+ sorbent samples as compared to the general exposure levels from air reaching only low ng m(-3) (<30 ng m(-3)) levels. FTOHs were not detected in aerosols but PFOA showed an average level of 12 mu g m(-3) (range = 1.2-47 mu g m(-3)). The ski waxers' exposure to paraffin fumes and PFAS is not in compliance with the occupational exposure standards and by far exceed the general populations' exposure. Preventive measures must be taken to minimize the exposure in this occupational group.
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| 21. |
- Ohlsson, Anna B., et al.
(författare)
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UV-B Exposure of Indoor-Grown Picea abies Seedlings Causes an Epigenetic Effect and Selective Emission of Terpenes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - Tübingen : Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 68:3-4, s. 139-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terpenoids are involved in various defensive functions in plants, especially conifers. Epigenetic mechanisms, for example DNA methylation, can influence plant defence systems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of UV-B exposure on the release of terpenoids from spruce seedlings and on needle DNA methylation. Ten-week-old seedlings grown indoors were exposed to UV-B radiation during 4 h, and the volatile compounds emitted from the seedlings were analysed. Analysis of the volatiles 1, 3, and 22 d after this UV-B exposure showed that bornyl acetate, borneol, myrcene, and limonene contents increased during the first 3 days, while at day 22 the level of emission had returned to the control level. UV-B exposure decreased the level of DNA methylation in needles of young seedlings, reflected in methylation changes in CCGG sequences. Exposure of young seedlings to UV-B radiation might be a way to potentiate the general defensive capacity, improving their ability to survive in outdoor conditions. UV-B-induced defence is discussed in the light of epigenetic mechanisms.
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| 22. |
- Osterroos, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between capillary glucose during pregnancy and childhood growth to the age of five : a cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between random capillary glucose levels in healthy pregnant women and infant size at birth and childhood growth to the age of five years. This population-based cohort study comprised 10,937 healthy mother-child dyads. Data on highest maternal random capillary glucose level during pregnancy and sequential anthropometric data on their children during the first five years of life were gathered from the Uppsala County Mother and Child Cohort. Statistical analyses were performed with linear regression and linear mixed effect regression models. We found that higher glucose level during pregnancy was associated with higher weight z-score (beta 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.11), length z-score (beta 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.07) and BMI z-score (beta 0.09, 95% CI 0.07-0.12) at birth, adjusted for maternal BMI and country of birth, smoking during pregnancy and parity. The association did not remain at 11/2, 3, 4 and 5 years of age. There was a positive relationship between higher glucose level during pregnancy and a decrease in weight z-score, height z-score and BMI z-score from birth to 5 years of age. In conclusion, higher random capillary glucose levels in pregnant healthy women were associated with greater infant size at birth, as well as decreased growth velocity in early childhood.
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| 23. |
- Rosenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits a large elderly population at risk for cognitive decline and dementia regardless of baseline characteristics : The FINGER trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - New York : Elsevier. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 14:3, s. 263-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The 2-year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) multidomain lifestyle intervention trial (NCT01041989) demonstrated beneficial effects on cognition. We investigated whether sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, baseline cognition, or cardiovascular factors influenced intervention effects on cognition.Methods: The FINGER recruited 1260 people from the general Finnish population (60-77 years, at risk for dementia). Participants were randomized 1: 1 to multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognition, and vascular risk management) and regular health advice. Primary outcome was change in cognition (Neuropsychological Test Battery z-score). Prespecified analyses to investigate whether participants' characteristics modified response to intervention were carried out using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses.Results: Sociodemographics (sex, age, and education), socioeconomic status (income), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), cardiovascular factors (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting glucose, and overall cardiovascular risk), and cardiovascular comorbidity did not modify response to intervention (P-values for interaction > .05). Conclusions: The FINGER intervention was beneficial regardless of participants' characteristics and can thus be implemented in a large elderly population at increased risk for dementia.
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| 24. |
- Svedberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of various retention aids on retention and formation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 25:2, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interdependency between retention and paper formation was studied using a previously designed R-F (Retention and formation)-machine. The objective of the work was to investigate the retention-formation relationship for different types of retention aid systems. Both single-component cationic polyacrylamides with varying molecular weights and polyacrylamide-based microparticulate retention aids were investigated on the R-F-machine, for a fine paper stock with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content). Results showed that the retention-formation relationship was not dependent on the retention aid systems used, since all systems provided similar relationships. In terms of the retention performance, significant differences were observed, depending on the choice of microparticle system and molecular weight of the used cationic polyacrylamide.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ahlford, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Uppsala Underdogs - A Robot Soccer Project
- 2006
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the four-legged soccer team Uppsala Underdogs developed by a group of 4th year computer science students at Uppsala University during the fall of 2004. The project is based on the experience from two similar previous projects. This year the emphasis of the project has been on distribution of data and on support for evaluation and reconfiguration of strategies. To support data distribution, a middleware has been developed, which implements a replication algorithm and provides a clean interface for the other software modules (or behaviors). To enable easy reconfiguration of strategies, an automata-based graphical description language has been developed, which can be compiled into code that uses the database and the lower level modules, such as tactics and positioning, to make decisions and control the robot. In addition, a graphical simulator has been developed in which the strategies can be evaluated.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Almandoz-Gil, Leire, et al.
(författare)
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In situ proximity ligation assay reveals co-localization of alpha-synuclein and SNARE proteins in murine primary neurons
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alpha Syn) is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and related neurological disorders. However, the physiological function of the protein and how this function relates to its pathological effects remain poorly understood. One of the proposed roles of aSyn is to promote the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly by binding to VAMP-2. The objective of this study was to visualize the co-localization between aSyn and the SNARE proteins (VAMP-2, SNAP-25, and syntaxin-1) for the first time using in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Cortical primary neurons were cultured from either non-transgenic or transgenic mice expressing human aSyn with the A30P mutation under the Thy-1 promoter. With an antibody recognizing both mouse and human aSyn, a PLA signal indicating close proximity between aSyn and the three SNARE proteins was observed both in the soma and throughout the processes. No differences in the extent of PLA signals were seen between non-transgenic and transgenic neurons. With an antibody specific against human aSyn, the PLA signal was mostly located to the soma and was only present in a few cells. Taken together, in situ PLA is a method that can be used to investigate the co-localization of aSyn and the SNARE proteins in primary neuronal cultures
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| 29. |
- Anderson, Helén, et al.
(författare)
-
Skapa kundnärvaro i innovationsprocessen
- 2008
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Ingår i: Innovationsförmåga. - Malmö : Holmbergs i Malmö AB. - 9789197785204 ; , s. 40-59
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
- Andersson, David C., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A multivariate approach to investigate docking parameters' effects on docking performance
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of chemical information and modeling. - : American Chemical Society Publications. - 1549-9596 .- 1549-960X. ; 47:4, s. 1673-1687
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasingly powerful docking programs for analyzing and estimating the strength of protein-ligand interactions have been developed in recent decades, and they are now valuable tools in drug discovery. Software used to perform dockings relies on a number of parameters that affect various steps in the docking procedure. However, identifying the best choices of the settings for these parameters is often challenging. Therefore, the settings of the parameters are quite often left at their default values, even though scientists with long experience with a specific docking tool know that modifying certain parameters can improve the results. In the study presented here, we have used statistical experimental design and subsequent regression based on root-mean-square deviation values using partial least-square projections to latent structures (PLS) to scrutinize the effects of different parameters on the docking performance of two software packages: FRED and GOLD. Protein-ligand complexes with a high level of ligand diversity were selected from the PDBbind database for the study, using principal component analysis based on 1D and 2D descriptors, and space-filling design. The PLS models showed quantitative relationships between the docking parameters and the ability of the programs to reproduce the ligand crystallographic conformation. The PLS models also revealed which of the parameters and what parameter settings were important for the docking performance of the two programs. Furthermore, the variation in docking results obtained with specific parameter settings for different protein-ligand complexes in the diverse set examined indicates that there is great potential for optimizing the parameter settings for selected sets of proteins.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Anna-Lena, Lindström Olsson, et al.
(författare)
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Intrångsskydd till järnvägen
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 285-286
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antalet personpåkörningar på järnvägen är fortfarande hög med cirka 90 per år, där ungefär 85% av de omkomna beror på suicid (självmord). Av de olyckor som sker på spåren idag utgör självmord cirka 80 procent. Varje dödsfall eller olycka skapar förseningar och kostnader förutom det mänskliga lidandet. Trafikverket ska fram till 2030 nå regeringens etappmål om att antalet omkomna i bantrafiken ska halveras till 2030, även kallat halveringsmålet. Som del i suicidpreventionsarbetet har Trafikverket sedan 2015 monterat stålnätspanel längs befintlig järnväg på särskilt suicid- och olyckstäta platser, men önskad effekt har ej uppnåtts. Studien har genomförts av AFRY med stöd av Trafikverket för att se om det är möjligt att anpassa dagens viltstängsel till att även försvåra för människor att ta sig in spårområdet samtidigt som djur inte ska riskera att skada sig.För att undersöka hur stängslet bör utformas genomfördes klättringstester av totalt fem olika prototyper, där prototyp 1 var den första prototypen och prototyp 5 den slutgiltiga prototypen. Framtagandet av prototyperna var en iterativ process där varje prototyp modifierades utefter testresultaten från föregående prototyp. Utifrån resultatet från de genomförda klättringstesterna gjordes en bedömning av hur stor andel av en normalfördelad befolkning som respektive prototyp förhindrar. För de samhällsekonomiska beräkningarna baserades samtliga kalkylförutsättningar på ASEK 7.0. För att exemplifiera samhällsnyttan valdes sträckan Norrköping-Linköping som utgångspunkt för kalkylen. Sträckan har både högt antal förseningsminuter på grund av obehörigt spårbeträdanden och personpåkörningar samt ligger på ett viktigt stråk i järnvägsnätet vilket innebär att en händelse lätt påverkar andra delar av järnvägssystemet. Kalkylen har gjorts utifrån ett antagande kring sparade liv, allvarligt skadade och förseningsminutrar som orsakas av obehörigt spårbeträdande.Den första prototypen bedömdes förhindra cirka 75% av en normalfördelad befolkning. Den slutgiltiga prototypen bedöms stoppa cirka 80 % av de som vill klättra över och vara ett viktigt verktyg i arbetet med att nå regeringens etappmål om att halvera antalet omkomna i bantrafiken till 2030.
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| 33. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
FERSI position paper: Safety through automation? : ensuring that automated and connected driving contribute to a safer transportation system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 8th Transport Research Arena TRA 2020. ; , s. 5-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2018, the Forum of European Road Safety Research Institutes (FERSI) published a report on automated driving (AD) from a road safety point of view, prepared by a dedicated FERSI Working Group with experts from eleven European countries. The group identified 23 high priority concerns or questions, clustered into four categories, to ensure that connected AD and co-operative ITS successfully contribute to a smart, green, and integrated transport system which at the same time is a safe transport system. The discussions resulted in ten principles to be fulfilled in order to optimise the safety effects of AD. Even if these principles may seem straightforward, the underlying questions are complex, and the identification and realisation of cost-efficient and effective solutions will require considerable effort. Many strong industrial and political driving forces exist, but so far improving road safety seems to get insufficient priority. FERSI therefore recommends a number of focused actions.
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| 34. |
- Asplund Persson, Anna, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-talk between adenosine and the oxatriazole derivative GEA 3175 in platelets
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 517:3, s. 149-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the interplay between adenosine and the nitric oxide (NO)-containing oxatriazole derivative GEA 3175 in human platelets. The importance of cyclic guanosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cGMP)-inhibited phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was elucidated by treating the platelets with adenosine combined with either GEA 3175 or the PDE3-inhibitor milrinone. The drug combinations provoked similar cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cAMP) responses. On the contrary, cGMP levels were increased only in GEA 3175-treated platelets. Both drug combinations reduced P-selectin exposure, platelet adhesion and fibrinogen-binding. However, adenosine together with GEA 3175 was more effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation and ATP release. Thrombin-induced rises in cytosolic Ca2+ were suppressed by the two drug combinations. Adenosine administered with GEA 3175 was, however, more effective in reducing Ca2+ influx.In conclusion, the interaction between adenosine and GEA 3175 involves cGMP-mediated inhibition of PDE3. The results also imply that inhibition of Ca2+ influx represent another cGMP-specific mechanism that enhances the effect of adenosine.
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| 35. |
- Asplund Persson, Anna, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Dual actions of dephostatin on the nitric oxide/cGMP-signalling pathway in porcine iliac arteries
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 521:1-3, s. 124-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the effects of the nitrosoamine dephostatin on the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)-signalling in porcine iliac arteries. Dephostatin has been characterised as a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, but Western blot analyses showed that dephostatin did not augment tyrosine phosphorylation of arterial proteins. However, dephostatin relaxed pre-contracted arteries, and this effect was antagonised by the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Furthermore, dephostatin increased the cGMP content and the serine phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. Dephostatin also inhibited the relaxation induced by acetylcholine and the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). In contrast, dephostatin did not affect the NO-dependent actions of 1,2,3,4-Oxatriazolium, 3-(3-chloro-2-metylphenyl)-5-[[(4methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino]-hydroxide inner salt (GEA 3175). Measurement of NO revealed that dephostatin accelerated the consumption of NO. In conclusion, dephostatin exerts dual effects on the NO/cGMP-signalling pathway in iliac arteries. The drug actions included scavenging of NO, but also stimulation of cGMP production. These effects were not related to inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases.
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| 36. |
- Bachrach-Lindström, Margaretha, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of nutritional status using biochemical and anthropometric variables in a nutritional intervention study of women with hip fracture
- 2001
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 20:3, s. 217-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: The aim of this study of women with hip fracture was to describe nutritional status with biochemical markers and anthropometric variables, and to evaluate the effect of nutritional intervention with the intention of increasing protein and energy intake.Methods: The first consecutive 44 women were included, and used as controls. The next 44 were matched for age, fracture and mental state. Anthropometric variables, IGF-I, hormones and serum albumin were collected 4–6 days (baseline), 1 and 3 months after surgery. Twenty-four women filled out a 7-day food record.Results: At baseline, one fourth had BMI <20 kg/m2and subnormal triceps skinfold thickness. Baseline serum albumin, IGF-I and growth hormone levels were low, probably as an acute response to trauma. Women with BMI <20 kg/m2had lower IGF-I levels compared to those with higher BMI. At 3 months, one-third of both groups were protein and energy malnourished. The intervention group obtained higher daily energy percentage from fat but none of the groups reached their calculated energy need.Conclusions: Using biochemical markers in the acute postoperative situation to assess nutritional status is not recommended. The intervention had no impact on anthropometric or biochemical variables.
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| 37. |
- Bachrach-Lindström, Margaretha, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Förebygg undernäring!
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Äldre i centrum. - 1401-5110. ; 3, s. 16-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bachrach-Lindström, Margaretha, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional state and functional capacity among elderly Swedish people with acute hip fracture
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:4, s. 268-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to describe characteristics in a group of elderly men and women with hip fracture, regarding presumed risk factors, such as nutritional state and functional capacity. A total of 142 men and women aged 75 years or more were consecutively included on admittance to the hospital. Anthropometry and body composition were measured 4-6 days after the fracture. Data on functional status, activities of daily living and living arrangements at the time of the fracture were collected. The women and men had a body mass index (BMI) of 22.3 ▒ 3.7 kg/m2 and 21.7 ▒ 2.1 kg/m2, respectively. Of the whole group, 71% had a BMI < 24 kg/m2 and 25% a BMI < 20.0 kg/m2. Forty-five percent of the patients needed daily home help, and a majority of them were mentally impaired (p < 0.0001). Women with a trochanteric hip fracture were shorter, had lower body weight, lower lean body mass and lower arm muscle circumference (AMC) than the cervical fracture group (p < 0.05). Fewer women with a trochanteric fracture and fewer women with mental impairment took walks outside before the fracture, (p = 0.023 and p = 0.002, respectively). Characteristics found in the group were low BMI, low muscle mass as indicated by low lean body mass and mental impairment. It seems important to evaluate such factors when developing post-operative care plans aimed at avoiding further deterioration. Extra frail sub-groups of patients, such as people who are mentally impaired, women with trochanteric fracture and women with high dependency concerning ADL functions were identified.
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| 41. |
- Bachrach-Lindström, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutritional status and functional capacity after femoral neck fractures : a prospective randomized one-year follow-up study
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Aging. - 1945-4589. ; 12:5, s. 366-374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different surgical methods on nutritional status and functional capacity during the first postoperative year in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. A further aim was to evaluate the effect of nutritional support. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or osteosynthesis. Half of the patients in each treatment group received protein- and energy-enriched food in the hospital in addition to individual nutritional advice in order to optimize their intake of protein- and energy-rich food. Nutritional state and functional capacity were examined at baseline, one and three months, and one year after the operation. Pain was examined at three months and one year. The effect of nutritional intervention was equal within both surgical groups. Logistic regression showed that the dependent variable "living at one year" was significantly associated with serum albumin levels at one month. Advanced age, mental impairment and deteriorated nutritional status were predominant in the non-survivors. Overall, the primary THA group performed better compared with the osteosynthesis group concerning weight change over time, locomotion and pain. This study also showed that primary THA could safely be performed in the elderly without an increased postoperative mortality rate.
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| 42. |
- Barauskas, Justas, et al.
(författare)
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Bioadhesive Lipid Compositions : Self-Assembly Structures, Functionality, and Medical Applications
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:3, s. 895-903
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid-based liquid crystalline compositions of phospholipids and diglycerides have unique bioadhesive properties with several medical applications, as exemplified by a lipid-based medical device indicated for management and relief of intraoral pain. The present paper describes the relation between self-assembly properties of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and glycerol dioleate (GDO) mixtures in the presence of aqueous fluids and functional attributes of the system, including: film formation and bioadhesion, intraoral coverage, acceptance by patients, and potential as a drug delivery system. The phase behavior of PC/GDO was characterized using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Functional properties, including the presence of study formulations at intraoral surfaces, ease of attachment, taste, and degree of and intraoral pain, were assessed in a crossover clinical pilot study in head and neck cancer patients. An optimum in functional properties was indicated for formulations with a PC/GDO weight ratio of about 35/65, where the lipids form a reversed cubic liquid crystalline micellar phase structure (Fd3m space group) over the relevant temperature range (25-40 degrees C).
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bengtsson, Karin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of extra-articular manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis : Results from a national register-based cohort study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Rheumatology (United Kingdom). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332. ; 60:6, s. 2725-2734
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To estimate the incidence and strength of association of extra-articular manifestations [EAMs, here: anterior uveitis (AU), IBD and psoriasis] in patients with AS, undifferentiated SpA (uSpA) and PsA, compared with controls. Methods: Three mutually exclusive cohorts of patients aged 18-69 years with AS (n = 8517), uSpA (n = 10 245) and PsA (n = 22 667) were identified in the Swedish National Patient Register 2001-2015. Age-, sex- and geography-matched controls were identified from the Swedish Population Register. Follow-up began 1 January 2006, or six months after the first SpA diagnosis, whichever occurred later, and ended at the first date of the EAM under study, death, emigration, 70 years of age, and 31 December 2016. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios were calculated for each EAM, and stratified by sex and age. Results: Incidence rate ratios for incident AU, IBD and psoriasis were significantly increased in AS (20.2, 6.2, 2.5), uSpA (13.6, 5.7, 3.8) and PsA (2.5, 2.3, n.a) vs controls. Men with AS and uSpA had significantly higher IRs per 1000 person-years at risk for incident AU than women with AS (IR 15.8 vs 11.2) and uSpA (IR 10.1 vs 6.0), whereas no such sex difference was demonstrated in PsA or for the other EAMs. Conclusions: AU, followed by IBD and psoriasis, is the EAM most strongly associated with AS and uSpA. Among the SpA subtypes, AS and uSpA display a largely similar pattern of EAMs, whereas PsA has a considerably weaker association with AU and IBD.
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| 45. |
- Berglund, Torkel, et al.
(författare)
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Protection of spruce seedlings against pine weevil attacks by treatment of seeds or seedlings with nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and jasmonic acid
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Forestry (London). - : Oxford University Press. - 0015-752X .- 1464-3626. ; 89:2, s. 127-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable methods are required to protect newly planted tree seedlings from insect herbivore attack. To this end, here Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seeds were treated with 2.5 mM nicotinamide (NIC), 2.5 mM nicotinic acid (NIA), 3 mM jasmonic acid (JA) or 0.2 mM 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), and 6-month-old seedlings grown from these seeds were planted at a reforestation area in central Sweden. Attack by pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) was reduced by 50 per cent by NIC treatment, 62.5 per cent by JA treatment and 25 per cent by 5-Aza treatment, when compared with seedlings grown from untreated seeds. Watering 18-month-old spruce seedlings with 2 mM NIC or 2 mM NIA did reduce attack during the first season in the field by 40 and 53 per cent, respectively, compared with untreated plants. Girdling was also reduced by the different treatments. Analysis of conifer seedlings treated with 5-Aza points at a possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in this defensive capacity. This is supported by a reduced level of DNA methylation in the needles of young spruce seedlings grown in a greenhouse from NIC-treated seeds. Seed treatment for seedling defense potentiation is simple, inexpensive and also a new approach for forestry with many potential applications.
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| 46. |
- Bergqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Health care utilisation two years prior to suicide in Sweden: a retrospective explorative study based on medical records
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Previous literature has suggested that identifying putative differences in health care seeking patterns before death by suicide depending on age and gender may facilitate more targeted suicide preventive approaches. The aim of this study is to map health care utilisation among individuals in the two years prior to suicide in Sweden in 2015 and to examine possible age and gender differences. Methods Design: A retrospective explorative study with a medical record review covering the two years preceding suicide. Setting: All health care units located in 20 of Sweden's 21 regions. Participants: All individuals residing in participating regions who died by suicide during 2015 (n = 949). Results Almost 74% were in contact with a health care provider during the 3 months prior to suicide, and 60% within 4 weeks. Overall health care utilisation during the last month of life did not differ between age groups. However, a higher proportion of younger individuals (< 65 years) were in contact with psychiatric services, and a higher proportion of older individuals (>= 65 years) were in contact with primary and specialised somatic health care. The proportion of women with any type of health care contact during the observation period was larger than the corresponding proportion of men, although no gender difference was found among primary and specialised somatic health care users within four weeks and three months respectively prior to suicide. Conclusion Care utilisation before suicide varied by gender and age. Female suicide decedents seem to utilise health care to a larger extent than male decedents in the two years preceding death, except for the non-psychiatric services in closer proximity to death. Older adults seem to predominantly use non-psychiatric services, while younger individuals seek psychiatric services to a larger extent.
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| 47. |
- Bertils, Klara, 1989-
(författare)
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Feber i interaktion : Kropp, kunskap och legitimitet i svenska primärvårdssamtal
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the social and interactional dimensions of fever and body temperature. Using the theoretical and methodological framework of Conversation Analysis, this thesis investigates how patients and healthcare professionals talk about fever, measure body temperature and negotiate the significance of temperature measurements in acute primary care encounters. The analysis pays close attention to verbal, embodied, and material interactional resources. Data are drawn from a larger corpus of video-recorded Swedish acute primary care consultation (Uppsala University Interaction Corpus (UUIC): Primary Care) and consist of 97 encounters between healthcare professionals and adult patients presenting with respiratory tract symptoms. The main focus is on patients’ interactions with registered nurses and healthcare assistants. The three analytical chapters deal with different aspects of body temperature during the consultation. First, talk about fever in patients’ problem presentations is investigated. The analysis suggests that patients and nurses treat fever as an urgent matter when establishing patients’ reasons for seeking care. Patients reference fever when they present their condition as worthy of medical attention and treatment, and fever may be posed as a component of a candidate diagnosis. Second, a multimodal analysis of temperature measurement shows how participants jointly accomplish a transition from the patient-as-subject to the patient-as-object for investigation. The analysis illustrates how patients and nurses rely on changes in body orientation and gaze when initiating, attending, and accomplishing such activity shifts as well as how visible manipulation of the thermometer constitutes a crucial resource in the rearrangement of activity-appropriate participation frameworks. Third, talk about expected and reported results of temperature measurement are investigated. Here, it is demonstrated that patients can both claim and be offered an epistemic position of independent expertise regarding body temperature. The corpus also includes cases where patients challenge the nurse's interpretation of a numerical measurement by suggesting an alternative way of understanding the measurement. Such cases expose how seemingly "objective" references for establishing normality can be invoked and contested.By describing and shedding light on the linguistic and social dimensions of a routine clinical task, this study contributes to the field of medical interaction as well as to broader topics in language and social interaction such as self-presentation, epistemic orientation and negotiation, and the multimodal organization of jointly achieved activities.
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| 48. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology in developing countries: a review from the perspective of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Prosthetics and Orthotics International. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1746-1553 .- 0309-3646. ; 35:1, s. 20-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The 'Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities' (CRPD) requires governments to meet the assistive technology needs of citizens. However, the access to assistive technology in developing countries is severely limited, which is aggravated by a lack of related services. Objectives: To summarize current knowledge on assistive technology for low- and lower-middle-income countries published in 1995 or later, and to provide recommendations that facilitate implementation of the CRPD. Study design: Literature review. Methods: Literature was searched in web-based databases and reference lists. Studies carried out in low- and lower-middle-income countries, or addressing assistive technology for such countries, were included. Results: The 52 included articles are dominated by product oriented research on leg prostheses and manual wheelchairs. Less has been published on hearing aids and virtually nothing on the broad range of other types of assistive technology. Conclusions: To support effective implementation of the CRPD in these countries, there is a need for actions and research related particularly to policies, service delivery, outcomes and international cooperation, but also to product development and production. Clinical relevance The article has a potential to contribute to CRPD compliant developments in the provision of assistive technology in developing countries by providing practitioners with an overview of published knowledge and researchers with identified research needs.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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The SELMA study : a birth cohort study in Sweden following more than 2000 mother-child pairs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 26:5, s. 456-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper describes the background, aim and study design for the Swedish SELMA study that aimed to investigate the importance of early life exposure during pregnancy and infancy to environmental factors with a major focus on endocrine disrupting chemicals for multiple chronic diseases/disorders in offspring.Methods: The cohort was established by recruiting women in the 10th week of pregnancy. Blood and urine from the pregnant women and the child and air and dust from home environment from pregnancy and infancy period have been collected. Questionnaires were used to collect information on life styles, socio-economic status, living conditions, diet and medical history.Results: Of the 8394 reported pregnant women, 6658 were invited to participate in the study. Among the invited women, 2582 (39%) agreed to participate. Of the 4076 (61%) non-participants, 2091 women were invited to a non-respondent questionnaire in order to examine possible selection bias. We found a self-selection bias in the established cohort when compared with the non-participant group, e.g. participating families did smoke less (14% vs. 19%), had more frequent asthma and allergy symptoms in the family (58% vs. 38%), as well as higher education among the mothers (51% vs. 36%) and more often lived in single-family houses (67% vs. 60%).Conclusions: These findings indicate that the participating families do not fully represent the study population and thus, the exposure in this population. However, there is no obvious reason that this selection bias will have an impact on identification of environmental risk factors.
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