| 1. |
- Andersson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Mobila strategier. En rapport från arbetsgruppen Nya medier
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utredningens fokus skall ligga på Bibliotek och ITs framtida hantering av mobila tjänster, läsplattor, ljud och bildfiler i olika format och dess tillgängliggöranden, MP3-spelare, dator- och TV-spel. Texten kan ses som en omvärldsanalys av möjligheter och scenarion kring arbetet med ovan nämnda tjänster och produkter. Förhoppningen är att texten ska peka på möjliga fokus för organisationen, stimulera till idéproduktion och vara avstampen för nya arbetstrupper för Bibliotek och IT.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Eskil, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of thin aluminium-foil in the packaging industry
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : American Institute of Physics Inc.. - 0094-243X. - 9780735415805
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work present an approach of how to account for the anisotropic mechanical material behaviour in the simulation models of the thin aluminium foil layer (≈10 μm) used in the Packaging Industry. Furthermore, the experimental results from uniaxial tensile tests are parameterised into an analytical expression and the slope of the hardening subsequently extended way beyond the experimental data points. This in order to accommodate the locally high stresses present in the experiments at the neck formation. An analytical expression, denominated Ramberg-Osgood, is used to describe the non-linear mechanical behaviour. Moreover it is possible with a direct method to translate the experimental uniaxial tensile test results into useful numerical material model parameters in Abaqus™. In addition to this the extended material behaviour including the plastic flow i.e. hardening, valid after onset of localisation, the described procedure can also capture the microscopic events, i.e. geometrical thinning, ongoing in the deformation of the aluminium foil. This method has earlier successfully been applied by Petri Mäkelä for paperboard material [1]. The engineering sound and parameterised description of the mechanical material behaviour facilitates an efficient categorisation of different aluminium foil alloys and aid the identification of the correct anisotropic (RD/TD/45°) mechanical material behaviour derived from the physical testing. © 2017 Author(s).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experiences of telerehabilitation at home after shoulder joint replacement
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. - : Sage Publications. - 1357-633X .- 1758-1109. ; 17:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the experience of ten patients who received video-based physiotherapy at home for two months after a shoulder joint replacement. Videoconferencing took place via the patient's home broadband connection at a bandwidth of 256–768 kbit/s. Qualitative interviews were carried out, transcribed and analysed. Through qualitative content analysis six categories were identified: (1) a different reinforced communication; (2) pain-free exercising as an effective routine; (3) from a dependent patient to a strengthened person at home; (4) closeness at a distance; (5) facilitated daily living; and (6) continuous physiotherapy chain. The access to bodily knowledge, continuity, collaboration and being at home were all aspects that contributed to the patients' recovery. The patients described experiences of safety, and strengthening during their daily exercise routine at home. The frequent interplay with the patient during telerehabilitation made it possible for the physiotherapist to make an individual judgement about each patient; this could be one reason for the positive findings. Home video-based physiotherapy may be useful in other kinds of physiotherapy
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapy at a distance : a controlled study of rehabilitation at home after a shoulder joint operation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. - : Sage Publications. - 1357-633X .- 1758-1109. ; 15:5, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored the benefit of video communication in home rehabilitation after shoulder joint replacement and compared it to referral for physiotherapy in the conventional way. A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The intervention group (n = 10) had training at home under the supervision of a physiotherapist at the hospital using videoconferencing. The control group (n = 12) had physiotherapy training in a conventional way in their home town. All patients had the same postoperative, three-phase-programme for two months. The outcome measures were a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), shoulder function ability (Constant score and SRQ-S) and health-related quality of life (SF-36). Questions about areas of priority for improvement and general satisfaction with the shoulder were also included. The telemedicine group received a greater number of treatments compared to the control group. After the intervention, there were significant improvements in VAS-pain, Constant score and SRQ-S for both groups. The telemedicine group improved significantly more in all three measurements than the control group (P < 0.001 for all). When changes from baseline to follow-up were compared, the telemedicine group improved significantly more in terms of decrease in pain (P = 0.004) and vitality (P = 0.001) than the control group. Despite some limitations, there seem to be clear benefits from physiotherapy at a distance with a telemedicine technique that allows patients to obtain access to physiotherapy at home.
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| 7. |
- Granström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest reliability of the twenty-five-hole peg test in patients who had a stroke
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Weaknesses of the nine-hole peg test include high floor effects and a result that might be difficult to interpret. In the twenty-five-hole peg test (TFHPT), the larger number of available pegs allows for the straightforward counting of the number of pegs inserted as the result. The TFHPT provides a comprehensible result and low floor effects. The objective was to assess the test-retest reliability of the TFHPT when testing persons with stroke. A particular focus was placed on the absolute reliability, as quantified by the smallest real difference (SRD). Complementary aims were to investigate possible implications for how the TFHPT should be used and for how the SRD of the TFHPT performance should be expressed.DESIGN: This study employed a test-retest design including three trials. The pause between trials was approximately 10-120 s.PARTICIPANTS, SETTING AND OUTCOME MEASURE: Thirty-one participants who had suffered a stroke were recruited from a group designated for constraint-induced movement therapy at outpatient clinics. The TFHPT result was expressed as the number of pegs inserted.METHODS: Absolute reliability was quantified by the SRD, including random and systematic error for a single trial, SRD2.1, and for an average of three trials, SRD2.3. For the SRD measures, the corresponding SRD percentage (SRD%) measure was also reported.RESULTS: The differences in the number of pegs necessary to detect a change in the TFHPT for SRD2.1 and SRD2.3 were 4.0 and 2.3, respectively. The corresponding SRD% values for SRD2.1 and SRD2.3 were 36.5% and 21.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The smallest change that can be detected in the TFHPT should be just above two pegs for a test procedure including an average of three trials. The use of an average of three trials compared with a single trial substantially reduces the measurement error.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN registry, reference number ISRCTN24868616.
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| 8. |
- Hedlund, Mattias, 1968-
(författare)
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Biomechanical and neural aspects of eccentric and concentric muscle performance in stroke subjects : Implications for resistance training
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Muscle weakness is one of the major causes of post-stroke disability. Stroke rehabilitation programs now often incorporate the same type of resistance training that is used for healthy subjects; however, the training effects induced from these training strategies are often limited for stroke patients. An important resistance training principle is that an optimal level of stress is exerted on the neuromuscular system, both during concentric (shortening) and eccentric (lengthening) contractions. One potential problem for post-stroke patients might be difficulties achieving sufficient levels of stress on the neuromuscular system. This problem may be associated with altered muscular function after stroke. In healthy subjects, maximum strength during eccentric contractions is higher than during concentric contractions. In individuals with stroke, this difference in strength is often increased. Moreover, it has also been shown that individuals with stroke exhibit alteration with respect to how the strength varies throughout the range of motion. For example, healthy subjects exhibit a joint specific torque-angle relationship that normally is the same irrespective of contraction mode and contraction velocity. In contrast, individuals with stroke exhibit an overall change of the torque-angle relationship. This change, as described in the literature, consists of a more pronounced strength loss at short muscle length. In individuals with stroke, torque-angle relationships are only partially investigated and so far these relationships have not been analysed using testing protocols that include eccentric, isometric, and concentric modes of contraction. This thesis investigates the torque-angle relationship of elbow flexors in subjects with stroke during all three modes of contractions – isometric, concentric, and eccentric – and the relative loading throughout the range of movement during a resistance exercise. In addition, this thesis studies possible central nervous system mechanisms involved in the control of muscle activation during eccentric and concentric contractions. The torque-angle relationship during maximum voluntary elbow flexion was examined in stroke subjects (n=11), age-matched healthy subjects (n=11), and young subjects (n=11) during different contraction modes and velocities. In stroke subjects, maximum torque as well as the torque angle relationship was better preserved during eccentric contractions compared to concentric contractions. Furthermore, the relative loading during a resistance exercise at an intensity of 10RM (repetition maximum) was examined. Relative loading throughout the concentric phase of the resistance exercise, expressed as percentage of concentric torque, was found to be similar in all groups. However, relative loading during the eccentric contraction phase, expressed as the percentage of eccentric isokinetic torque, was significantly lower for the stroke group. In addition, when related to isometric maximum voluntary contraction, the loading for the stroke group was significantly lower than for the control groups during both the concentric and eccentric contraction phases.Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine differences between recruited brain regions during the concentric and the eccentric phase of imagined maximum resistance exercise of the elbow flexors (motor imagery) in young healthy subjects (n=18) and in a selected sample of individuals with stroke (n=4). The motor and premotor cortex was less activated during imagined maximum eccentric contractions compared to imagined maximum concentric contraction of elbow flexors. Moreover, BA44 in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, a brain area that has been shown to be involved in inhibitory control of motor activity, was additionally recruited during eccentric compared to concentric conditions. This pattern was evident only on the contralesional (the intact hemisphere) in some of the stroke subjects. On the ipsilesional hemisphere, the recruitment in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was similar for both modes of contractions. Compared to healthy subjects, the stroke subjects exhibited altered muscular function comprising a specific reduction of torque producing capacity and deviant torque-angle relationship during concentric contractions. Therefore, the relative training load during the resistance exercise at a training intensity of 10RM was lower for subjects with stroke. Furthermore, neuroimaging data indicates that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may be involved in a mechanism that modulates cortical motor drive differently depending on mode of the contractions. This might partly be responsible for why it is impossible to fully activate a muscle during eccentric contractions. Moreover, among individuals with stroke, a disturbance of this system could also lie behind the lack of contraction mode-specific modulation of muscle activation that has been found in this population. The altered neuromuscular function evident after a stroke means that stroke victims may find it difficult to supply a sufficient level of stress during traditional resistance exercises to promote adaptation by the neuromuscular system. This insufficiency may partially explain why the increase in strength, in response to conventional resistance training, often has been found to be low among subjects with stroke.
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| 9. |
- Hedlund, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Insufficient loading in stroke subjects during conventional resistance training
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 14:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to assess the loading during a resistance-training task at a given training intensity in subjects with stroke and in healthy subjects. Subjects with stroke (n = 11) and two control groups (n = 11 in each) underwent strength measurements and a resistance-training task for elbow flexors. Torque and muscular activity obtained during the resistance-training task was related to values obtained during strength measurements. Even if relative loading throughout the concentric phase of the resistance-training task, expressed as percent of concentric isokinetic torque, was found to be similar among groups, we found indications of insufficient loading for the stroke group. Relative loading during the eccentric contraction phase, expressed as percent of eccentric isokinetic torque, was significantly lower for the stroke group. Also, when related to isometric maximum voluntary contraction, the loading was significantly lower for the stroke group, compared with the control groups, during the concentric and eccentric contraction phases. Furthermore, muscle activation during, as well as muscular fatigue after, the resistance-training task was somewhat lower for the stroke group. Hence, for subjects with stroke, the relative loading during resistance training, performed at a training intensity considered adequate for able-bodied, appears to be too low compared with the healthy controls. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.
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| 10. |
- Hedlund, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Is better preservation of eccentric strength after stroke due to altered prefrontal function?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neurocase. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-4794 .- 1465-3656. ; 22:2, s. 229-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) is part of a network that exerts inhibitory control over the motor cortex (MC). Recently, we demonstrated that VLPFC was more activated during imagined maximum eccentric than during imagined concentric contractions in healthy participants. This was accompanied with lower activation levels within motor regions during imagined eccentric contractions. The aim was to test a novel hypothesis of an involvement of VLPFC in contraction mode-specific modulation of force. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine differences in VLPFC and motor regions during the concentric and the eccentric phases of imagined maximum contractions in a selected sample of subjects with stroke (n = 4). The subjects were included as they exhibited disturbed modulation of force. The previously demonstrated pattern within VLPFC was evident only on the contralesional hemisphere. On the ipsilesional hemisphere, the recruitment in VLPFC was similar for both modes of contractions. The findings support a hypothesis of the involvement of VLPFC in contraction mode-specific modulation of maximum force production. A disturbance of this system might underlie the lack of contraction mode-specific modulation commonly found among stroke subjects, often expressed as an increased ratio between eccentric and concentric strength.
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| 11. |
- Hedlund, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Torque-angle relationship are better preserved during eccentric compared to concentric contractions in patients with stroke
- 2012
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Ingår i: Isokinetics and exercise science. - 0959-3020 .- 1878-5913. ; 20:2, s. 129-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the effect of isokinetic contraction mode and velocity on the torque-angle relationship during maximum voluntary elbow flexion in patients with stroke, age-matched healthy subjects and young subjects. To eliminate the effect of torque amplitude differences between subjects and groups, the torque values throughout the ROM were individually normalized to the peak value for each contraction velocity. The results indicate that in stroke patients the normalized torque angle relationship during the eccentric contractions was better preserved than during concentric contractions. Specifically, during eccentric contractions, stroke patients exhibited a torque-angle relationship that was closer to normal as the test velocity increased. The opposite trend could be seen in concentric contractions where the torque-angle relationship became more divergent from normal with a rise in the velocity. The torque-angle relationships were essentially the same for the control groups, irrespective of contraction mode or velocity. These findings may have significance for loading patterns of resistance training exercises used with stroke patients as such exercises normally are biomechanically designed for normal torque angle relationships. In clinical practice, these findings may partly explain why the strength increases due to resistance training are limited for patients with stroke.
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| 12. |
- Holmgren, Eva, 1972-
(författare)
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Getting up when falling down : reducing fall risk factors after stroke through an exercise program
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis was to identify fall risk individuals (+55) after stroke by validating a fall risk index and in post-stroke individuals with high risk of falls evaluate the impact of an intervention program on fall risk factors.A previously developed fall risk index was validated, modified and re-validated. The validation showed a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 26%. This result was not considered sufficiently accurate. Therefore a modified index was created in the Validation sample and re-validated back in the Model fit sample. The modified index was reduced to three items and included postural stability + visuospatial hemi-inattention + male sex.The randomized controlled trial contained an intervention program (IP) with High-Intensity Functional Exercises as well as implementation these exercises in to real life situations together with educational group discussions. The participants were enrolled and randomized three to six months after their stroke. The assessments were performed at the Clinical Research Center at Norrlands University Hospital. The Intervention Group (IG) received a program of 35 sessions (exercise and group discussions) and the Control Group (CG) received five group discussions.Performing daily activities at 6 months follow-up and falls-efficacy post-intervention and at the 3 months follow-up showed significant improvement in the IG compared with the CG (p<0.05). The IP did not have a statistically significant impact on Balance or Lifestyle activities. When evaluating gait, step time variability for the paretic leg and the variability in Cycle Time for the paretic and non-paretic leg were improved for the IG. The time spent on the non –paretic leg in the gait cycles’ most stable phase, Double Support, was reduced by almost half (0.9 sec to 0.4 sec) since baseline for the IG after the intervention and remained reduced to the three month follow-up. Quality of Life showed an improvement in the CG compared with the IG for the mental scales, Mental Component Scale and Mental Health subscale at the 3 month follow-up (p=.02).In conclusion, this intervention program significantly improved performance of everyday life activities, falls-efficacy and the variability in gait. These are three major fall risk factors and might in the long run have an impact on decreasing falls in persons that had a stroke.
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| 13. |
- Holmgren, Eva, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of an high intensive exercise program on gait after stroke : a randomized controlled trial
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stroke often results in asymmetric gait with disturbed balance, which may increase the risk of accidental falls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a high intensive exercise program after stroke on gait. 34 post-stroke individuals with risk of falls were included in the five week randomized controlled trial. The participants were assessed, included and randomized to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) at 3 to 6 months after stroke onset. The IG received a high intensive strength and balance exercise program along with a weekly educational group discussion on fall risk and security aspects, whereas the CG received weekly group discussions on hidden dysfunctions after stroke. Assessments were made before, post-intervention and at 3-months follow-up. Statistically significant (p<0.05) improvements were seen in the IG vs. the CG at post intervention compared with baseline in double support time for the non-paretic leg (DSTnp), variability (measured as coefficient of variation, CV) in Step Time for the paretic leg (STCVp) and the non-paretic leg (STCVnp), and in variability in Cycle Time for the paretic (CTCVp) and non-paretic leg (CTCVnp); at 3-months follow-up compared with baseline in DSTnp, STCVp, CTCVp and CTCVnp, and DSTCVp. At 3-months follow-up, the decrease in the STCVnp and the variability in Step Length of the non-paretic leg (SLCVnp) were more pronounced in the CG than in the IG. The findings suggest that high intensive exercise programs have a positive effect on gait, and can be useful in diminishing gait asymmetry as a fall-risk factor in people after stroke.
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| 14. |
- Holmgren, Eva, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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What is the benefit of a high intensive exercise program on health-related quality of life and depression after stroke? : A randomized controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 12:3, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a high-intensive exercise program containing high-intensive functional exercises implemented to real-life situations together with group discussions on falls and security aspects in stroke subjects with risk of falls. This was a pre-specified secondary outcome for this study. For evaluation, Short Form-36 (SF-36) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) were used. This was a single-center, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Consecutive ≥55 years old stroke patients with risk of falls at 3–6 months after first or recurrent stroke were randomized to the intervention group (IG, n=15) or to the control group (CG, n=19) who received group discussion with focus on hidden dysfunctions but no physical fitness training. The 5-week high-intensive exercise program was related to an improvement in the CG in the SF-36 Mental Component Scale and the Mental Health subscale at 3 months follow-up compared with baseline values while no improvement was seen in the IG at this time. For the SF-36 Physical Component Scale, there was an improvement in the whole study group at 3 and 6 months follow-up compared with baseline values without any significant changes between the IG and CG. The GDS-15 was unchanged throughout the follow-up period for both groups. Based on these data, it is concluded that high-intensive functional exercises implemented in real-life situations should also include education on hidden dysfunctions after stroke instead of solely focus on falls and safety aspects to have a favorable impact on HRQoL.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hörnberg, Kristina, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Body function in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis : a 2-year prospective study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 9:4, s. 144-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this prospective study was to analyse joint and muscle function and aerobic capacity over 2 years in a group of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA; i.e. symptomatic for <12 months) in relation to age, pain and disease activity. Sixty-six patients with early RA were followed for 24 months. Joint and muscle function was measured using Signals of Functional Impairment (SOFI) index and aerobic capacity with sub-maximal test on ergometer bicycle. Pain was estimated on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and disease activity using 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS 28). Joint and muscle function was impaired in almost all patients at inclusion and after 24 months. Male patients were more affected compared with females and the significant correlation with pain and DAS 28 decreased over time. Aerobic capacity was maintained and not influenced by sex, age or pain but related significantly to disease activity. The majority of the patients with early RA had impairments of the joint and muscle function over 24 months, even though disease activity decreased significantly. There is a need for regular evaluations of physical functions besides disease activity to prevent continuous development of functional losses.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Balance and mobility in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease : a five-year follow-up of a cohort in northern Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 42:6, s. 770-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The presence of early balance impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease has not been fully investigated.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine balance and mobility, self-perceived unsteadiness, self-reported falls, and effects of medication on balance among patients at their first visit to a neurological clinic and during the ensuing five years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were collected from a prospective longitudinal study. One hundred and forty-five patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 31 healthy controls were included. The outcome measures were the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go, the Postural Stability test and a questionnaire.RESULTS: At their first visit to the neurological clinic, the patients performed less well on the Berg Balance Scale (p < 0.001, r = 0.36), the Timed Up and Go (p < 0.001, r = 0.32), and the Postural Stability test (p < 0.001, r = 0.35) compared with the controls. In addition, a higher percentage of the patients reported self-perceived unsteadiness (p < 0.001, phi = 0.47). During the ensuing five years, balance and mobility worsened both with and without medication (p < 0.01, r = 0.24-0.37), although with small median differences.CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed to confirm that minor balance impairments exist even at the time of diagnosis and worsen during the ensuing five years. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Impairments in balance and mobility may occur early in Parkinson's disease, especially in the elderly patients, and seem to worsen during the first five years. There is a need to use sensitive outcome measures and to ask the patients about unsteadiness and falls to detect balance impairment in this cohort. Parkinsonian medication has a limited effect on balance and may preferably be complemented with balance exercises to target balance impairment early in Parkinson's disease.
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| 19. |
- Kyhse-Andersen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Serum cystatin C, determined by a rapid, automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric method, is a better marker than serum creatinine for glomerular filtration rate
- 1994
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147. ; 40:10, s. 1921-1926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a fully automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay for cystatin C in undiluted serum and EDTA-plasma. The throughput is 90 samples per hour and urgent samples can be analyzed in 7 min. The assay range (0.4-14.1 mg/L) covers the concentration range in health and disease. The within- and between-run imprecision is 0.9% and 2.2%, respectively. Analytical recovery of additions of recombinant cystatin C averaged 98%. Rheumatoid factors (< or = 323,000 IU/L), bilirubin (< or = 150 mumol/L), hemoglobin (< or = 1.2 g/L), and triglycerides (< or = 8.5 mmol/L) do not interfere in the assay. In view of the superior (by ROC analysis) diagnostic accuracy of serum concentrations of cystatin C for reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in comparison with creatinine, cystatin C seems an attractive alternative to creatinine for estimation of GFR.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Larsson, Gunilla, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Normal reactions to orthostatic stress in Rett syndrome
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 34:6, s. 1897-1905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate orthostatic reactions in females with Rett syndrome (RTT), and also whether the severity of the syndrome had an impact on autonomic reactions. Based on signs of impaired function of the central autonomic system found in RTT, it could be suspected that orthostatic reactions were affected. The orthostatic reactions in 21 females with RTT and 14 normally developed femalesmatched by age were investigated when they rose from a sitting position, and during standing for 3 min. Reactions of the heart, the blood pressure and the time for recovery of systolic blood pressure, were studied in real time, heartbeat by heartbeat, simultaneously. There was no difference between participants with RTT and the normally developed controls regarding general orthostatic reactions (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) when getting up from a sitting position, and when standing erect for 3min. In the specific immediate response by the heart to standing up, the 30:15 ratio, significantly lower values were found for females with RTT. In the RTT group, the maximum fall of systolic blood pressure showed a tendency to a larger decrease, and the initial decrease in systolic blood pressure was significantly faster. The time for recovery of systolic blood pressure from standing erect did not differ between groups. At baseline the females with RTT had significantly lower systolic blood pressure and a tendency to a higher heart rate. The results do not indicate any autonomic limitations for people with RTT in getting up from a sitting position and standing. The participants with RTT had normal orthostatic reactions indicated by the heart and blood pressure responses when standing erect for 3 min. A faster initial drop in systolic blood pressure in people with RTT was notable.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Larsson, Gunilla, 1944-
(författare)
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Rett syndrome, motor development, mobility and orthostatic reactions : loss of function, difficulties and possibilities
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare, severe neurodevelopmental disorder, which partly develops in a predictable way, and influences many bodily functions. Regression, i.e. loss of earlier achieved abilities, is one of the clinical criteria for RTT. Research on motor function has to some extent focused on this loss, and less on the possibility to keep, regain or develop abilities. RTT is mainly verified in girls/women, and the prevalence of classic RTT in Sweden for girls born between 1965 and 1976 was 1 in 10.000-12.000. Clinical criteria are used for diagnosis, but since 1999 RTT can be confirmed by a genetic test. As there is no cure so far, development of clinical intervention and management is important, and with good treatment it is possible to improve quality of life.The main aim was to acquire more knowledge about motor development in RTT, both, early development, and development over time. Another aim was to study if there were deviating orthostatic reactions when rising from sitting to standing, and during standing, compared with normally developed, healthy people, matched by sex and age.Clinical experience as well as reports from parents showed that some people with RTT had lost abilities, some had been able to keep abilities, and some had been able to learn new abilities after regression. For good results, the person with RTT had to be motivated, and the intervention jointly planned; it was also important to realize that dyspraxia causes dependence on other people’s initiatives. Information about one person with RTT, collected over several years, showed the possibility to develop in some areas over time and the tendency to deteriorate in other areas. Studying orthostatic reactions when rising to standing, and standing for three minutes, revealed that those with RTT mainly had the same reactions as the healthy controls. The quicker initial drop in systolic blood pressure in people with RTT, when rising, has not been documented earlier. In conclusion, this thesis shows that it is possible for some people with RTT to keep abilities, regain abilities, and also learn new abilities after regression. Since those with RTT recovered their blood pressure in the same way as the healthy controls, there is no reason to recommend limitations in standing, though the quicker initial drop in systolic blood pressure should be noted. The deterioration in walking found in our previous studies does not seem to be due to deviation in orthostatic reactions. Individual analysis, as well as good knowledge about the development of the disorder and variation in its expression, is essential. Since many people with RTT live to adulthood, planning for lifelong intervention and care is most important.
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| 24. |
- Larsson, Gunilla, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Walking on treadmill with Rett syndrome : effects on the autonomic nervous system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 83, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with Rett syndrome have deficient central autonomic control, which may interfere with walking. We have limited knowledge regarding the effects of exertion during physical activity in Rett syndrome. The aim was to investigate the autonomic responses during walking on a treadmill in Rett syndrome. Twenty-six females, 12 with Rett syndrome and 14 healthy females were included. All individuals started on the treadmill by standing still, followed by walking slowly with progressive speed until reaching maximum individual speed, which they kept for 6 min. Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial blood pressures (MAP), cardiac vagal tone (CVT), cardiac sensitivity to baroreflex (CSB), transcutaneous partial pressures of oxygen (pO2), carbon dioxide (pCO2), and breathing movements were recorded simultaneously and continuously. Autonomic responses were assessed by MAP, CSB and CVT during walking at 3 and 6 min. The changes in CSB and CVT in people with Rett syndrome compared to controls indicated more arousal, but only when the treadmill was started; as they continued walking, the arousal dropped to control level. People with Rett syndrome exhibited little changes in pCO2 whereas the controls showed increased values during walking. This suggests poor aerobic respiration in people with Rett syndrome during walking. Five people with Rett syndrome had Valsalva type of breathing at rest, three of those had normal breathing while walking on the treadmill while the remaining two started but soon stopped the Valsalva breathing during the walk. Our results show that individuals with Rett syndrome can walk for up to 6 min at their own maximum sustainable speed on a treadmill. Energy production may be low during walking in Rett syndrome, which could cause early tiredness. A treadmill can be used in people with Rett syndrome, but must be introduced slowly and should be individually tailored. We propose that walking promotes regular breathing in Rett syndrome.
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| 25. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Isokinetic torque and surface electromyography during fatiguing muscle contractions in young and older men and women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Isokinetics and exercise science. - 0959-3020 .- 1878-5913. ; 14:3, s. 225-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim was to investigate the fatigue pattern and perceived fatigue during repetitive dynamic contractions in young and older men and women. Sixteen older men and women (mean age 73 ± 3 years) and 22 young men and women (mean age 28 ± 6 years) performed 100 repeated maximum concentric isokinetic knee extension contractions at 90°·s-1 (1.57 rad·s-1). Throughout the 100 contractions, peak torque (PT) and surface electromyography (EMG) signals from the rectus femoris muscle and the vastus lateralis muscle were recorded simultaneously, together with perceived fatigue (CR-10 scale of Borg). The mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF) and the root mean square of the signal amplitude (RMS) of the EMG were affected by age and with a sex related difference but for PT the difference of the fatigue pattern was most evident between the sexes. In addition, the young men rated the highest fatigue. Based on EMG, PT and ratings of perceived fatigue it was concluded that the old men fatigued most, the old women fatigued least and the young men perceived greatest fatigue.
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| 26. |
- Lindelof, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Weighted belt exercise for frail older women following hip fracture : a single subject design
- 2002
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 4:2, s. 54-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate the possibility of increasing lower limb strength, dynamic balance and gait speed in frail older women with residual mobility problems following hip fracture by using a combined and functional training programme with a weighted belt. Three women aged 78-82 participated in this repeated single-subject experimental design study. The intervention phase consisted of a 10-week functional weight-bearing exercise programme performed twice a week. Main outcome measures were assessed twice a week during baseline and intervention phases. Graphic analyses showed substantial improvements in dynamic balance and gait speed, related to the intervention, in all three subjects. During intervention phase, gait speed improved by 16-38% and step test performance (dynamic balance) by 36-67%. The subjects also increased weight load in the belt by 25-80%. No progress was seen regarding isometric knee extension muscle strength, and the control variable, isometric hand-grip strength, remained unchanged. However, dynamic leg strength (one-repetition maximum in leg press, tested before and after intervention) showed substantial increase. Subjects experienced strong improvement and reported no discomfort. In conclusion, functional training with a weighted belt may be suitable for older women to alleviated mobility problems following hip fracture.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lindström, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Positive attitudes and preserved high level of motor performance are important factors for return to work in younger persons after stroke : a national survey
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 41:9, s. 714-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Significant numbers of younger persons with stroke should be given the opportunity to return to work. The aim of this study was to investigate factors of importance for return to work among persons after first ever stroke, in the age range 18-55 years. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all persons who had experienced a first ever stroke, 18-55 years of age, registered in the Swedish national quality register for stroke care, Riks-Stroke. Of the 1068 who answered the questionnaire, 855 (539 men and 316 women) were in paid employment before their stroke, and were included in this study. Results:Sixty-five percent returned to work and, of these, an equal proportion were men and women. Significant factors associated with return to work were the perceived importance of work (odds ratio (OR) 5.10), not perceiving themselves as a burden on others (OR 3.33), support from others for return to work (OR 3.66), retaining the ability to run a short distance (OR 2.77), and higher socioeconomic codes (OR 2.12). A negative association was found between those rehabilitated in wards intended for younger persons and return to work (OR 0.37). Conclusion: External support from others, and positive attitudes towards return to work, were factors associated with successful return to work after stroke. Contrary to what was expected, independence in personal activities of daily living and cognitive factors were not associated with return to work to the same extent as persistent higher level of physical functions, such as ability to run a short distance.
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| 29. |
- Lindström, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle fatigue and endurance in young and old men and women
- 1997
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 52A:1, s. B59-B66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of increasing age on skeletal muscle fatigue and endurance were assessed in 22 healthy young (14 men and 8 women; mean age, 28 +/- 6 years) and 16 healthy old (8 men and 8 women; mean age, 73 +/- 3 years) individuals. All subjects performed 100 repeated maximum dynamic knee extensions at 90 degrees.s-1 (1.57 rad.s-1) using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II). Peak torque was recorded during every contraction, and for each individual the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), the fatigue rate, the endurance level, and the relative reduction in muscle force were determined. MVC and endurance level were significantly lower in old men and women, but there was no discernible difference in relative muscle force reduction and fatigue rate between young and old individuals. We conclude that thigh muscles of older individuals are weaker than those of younger individuals, but relative to their strength, older individuals have similar properties as younger individuals with respect to muscle fatigue and endurance.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Nyberg, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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A Cohort Study to Evaluate the Feasibility of Low Load/High Repetition Elastic Band Resistance Training for People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Novel Physiotherapies. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2165-7025. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Resistance training is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). A vast majority or resistance training studies in COPD have focused on increasing muscular strength with use of weight machines and has been found to be a feasible approach in COPD. However, regarding feasibility of resistance training equipment other than weight machines, such as elastic resistance equipment, information is scarce. In addition, little is known regarding other trainable muscle characteristics, such as peripheral muscular endurance in COPD. We therefore aim to evaluate the feasibility of a low load/high repetition elastic band Resistance Training (RT) regimen in people with moderate to severe COPD. We also aim to evaluate if the RT regimen is feasible for the physiotherapists, conducting the intervention.Methods: Twenty-two participants with moderate to severe COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1 58.7% predicted) and five physiotherapists participated in the study. Measurements of attendance, assessment and progression of exercise intensity, adverse events, participant and compliance (participant and physiotherapist) were collected for assessment of feasibility.Results: The mean (95% confidence interval) attendance rate was 94% (91-97) and mean exercise intensity was 79% (74-83) of the predicted maximum intensity. Furthermore, the median (interquartile range) compliance was 96% (94-96) and 100% (94-100) for the people with COPD and the physiotherapists respectively. Exercise intensity increased on all exercises and any recorded adverse events were considered minor and temporary.Conclusions: Low load/high repetition elastic band resistance training appears to be feasible for both people with COPD and the physiotherapists performing the intervention. These results indicate that elastic bands could be a feasible alternative to weight machines in resistance training for people with COPD.
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| 33. |
- Nyberg, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the effect of high-repetitive single limb exercises (HRSLE) on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : study protocol for randomized controlled trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 13, s. 114-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Single-limb knee extension exercises have been found to be effective at improving lower extremity exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since the positive local physiological effects of exercise training only occur in the engaged muscle(s), should upper extremity muscles also be included to determine the effect of single limb exercises in COPD patients. Methods/design: Trial design: a prospective, assessor-blind, block randomized controlled, parallel-group multicenter trial. Participants: stage II-IV COPD patients, > 40 years of age, ex-smokers, with stable medical treatment will be included starting May 2011. Recruitment at three locations in Sweden. Interventions: 1) high-repetitive single limb exercise (HRSLE) training with elastic bands, 60 minutes, three times/week for 8 weeks combined with four sessions of 60 minutes patient education, or 2) the same patient education alone. Outcomes: Primary: determine the effects of HRSLE on local muscle endurance capacity (measured as meters walked during 6-minute walk test and rings moved on 6-minute ring and pegboard test) and quality of life (measured as change on the Swedish version of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire). Secondary: effects on maximal strength, muscular endurance, dyspnea, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression. The relationship between changes in health-related variables and changes in exercise capacity, sex-related differences in training effects, feasibility of the program, strategies to determine adequate starting resistance and provide accurate resistance for each involved movement and the relationship between muscle fatigue and dyspnea in the different exercise tests will also be analyzed. Randomization: performed by a person independent of the recruitment process and using a computer random number generator. Stratification by center and gender with a 1: 1 allocation to the intervention or control using random block sizes. Blinding: all outcome assessors will be blinded to group assignment. Discussion: The results of this project will contribute to increase the body of knowledge regarding COPD and HRSLE.
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| 34. |
- Nyberg, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for single-limb exercises on exercise capacity, quality of life, and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy Reviews. - 1083-3196 .- 1743-288X. ; 18:3, s. 157-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although single-limb exercise (SLE) has been used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), the evidence for SLE has not been evaluated systematically and remains unclear.Objectives: Determine the evidence for the effect of SLE compared to any comparator on outcome measurements for exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL) or dyspnea in patients with COPD or CHF.Methods: PubMed, PEDro, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception until 31 May 2011. Searches started 1 April 2011. English language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Extraction of data was performed by two review authors. Data and evidence for SLE were summarized in accordance with grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Authors of included studies were contacted for missing data.Results: Six RCTs (two COPD and four CHF) were included. Low to very low-quality evidence indicates that SLE significantly improved exercise capacity, but not dyspnea, in patients with COPD, and significantly improved exercise capacity outcomes compared to a control in patients with CHF. However, when SLE was compared to non-SLE regimes in patients with CHF, positive effects were found irrespective of training regime regarding exercise capacity and QoL.Conclusions: SLE appears to be effective in both conditions especially regarding exercise capacity, and might be included in exercise programs in patients with COPD or CHF. However, the evidence is low to very low according to GRADE and more clinical studies of high quality are required.
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| 35. |
- Nyberg, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Low-load/high-repetition elastic band resistance training in patients with COPD : a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1752-6981 .- 1752-699X. ; 9:3, s. 278-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High-repetitive resistance training is recommended to increase peripheral muscular endurance in healthy adults, however the effects of resistance training with this design on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.Objective: Investigate if low load / high repetition elastic band resistance training (RT) could improve functional capacity, muscular function, endurance cycle capacity or HRQOL in patients with COPD.Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled multicentre trial was constructed with concealed allocation, blinded outcome assessment, and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 44 patients with moderate to very severe COPD (FEV1 44.6% predicted) were included. Patients were randomized to either the experimental group receiving eight weeks of RT (3 sessions/week) in combination with patient education (four occasions) or the control group receiving the patient education alone.Results: At post-tests, the between-group differences were in favor of the experimental group on the 6 minute walk test (mean difference (95% confidence interval)): 34 meters (14 to 54) and the 6 minute pegboard and ring test (20 rings (3 to 37). No difference between groups was found on the chronic respiratory disease questionnaire (0.1 (-0.2 to 0.4). On secondary outcomes, results were in favor of the experimental group regarding upper extremity endurance capacity, muscular function and depression but no difference was seen between groups on endurance cycle capacity and HRQOL.Conclusion: RT can increase functional capacity and muscular function but not cycle endurance capacity and HRQOL in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
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| 36. |
- Nyberg, Andre, 1984-
(författare)
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Single limb exercises in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : feasibility, methodology, effects and evidence
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is a slowly progressive, inflammatory disease in the airways and lungs, caused mainly by smoking. The inflammation leads to a narrowing of the small airways (airway obstruction) and a destruction of tissue in the lungs. This gives a decreased expiratory airflow which leads to dyspnea, the primary symptom of the disease. The chronic airflow limitation also is associated with the development of limb muscle dysfunction. Decreases in both limb muscle strength and endurance have been shown which, in turn, is associated with exercise intolerance, one of the key disabling factors of the disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation including exercise training is the cornerstone of treatment and is strongly recommended. However, it is still unclear how to optimize exercise training for this group of patients. Also how to address the increase in dyspnea which limits the exercise stimulus, and how to assess muscular strength, need further study. Partitioning the exercising muscle mass, known as single limb exercises, is a novel exercise strategy aimed at reducing the negative consequences of chronic airflow limitation in patients with COPD.The aim of this thesis was to study the current evidence of single limb approaches in patients with COPD, to examine the feasibility and effects of a high-repetitive single limb exercise (HRSLE) regimen in patients with COPD and to examine whether elastic resistance could be used to evaluate muscular strength.This thesis is based on five papers. In order to study the evidence on single limb exercises, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed. The review showed that single limb exercises, performed as one-legged cycling appeared to be more effective than two-legged cycling with regard to exercise capacity but not dyspnea, and might be included in exercise programs for patients with COPD (Paper I). Thirty healthy older women and men participated in a validation study comparing elastic resistance maximal strength with isokinetic dynamometry measurements. Excellent levels of agreement and no differences between the two pieces of equipment were found which indicates that elastic resistance could be used to evaluate muscular strength (Paper II). A study protocol was created for a randomized controlled trial designed to identify the effects of HRSLE in combination with COPD-specific patient training (experimental group) in comparison to patient information alone (control group) (Paper III). HRSLE was performed as resistance training, using a single limb at a time, elastic bands as resistance and a high number of repetitions (25 repetitions in 2 sets) with the aim of increasing limb muscle endurance. After eight weeks of exercise, the differences between the groups were in favor of the experimental group on lower- and upper-extremity functional capacity, upper-extremity endurance capacity and muscular function. No differences were seen between the groups on endurance-cycle capacity or health-related quality of life (Paper IV). In patients with COPD, the HRSLE regimen was considered feasible with a high attendance rate, excellent compliance and high relative exercise intensity. No severe adverse events occurred. The physiotherapists conducting the HRSLE in the clinical setting also found it to be feasible (Paper V).This thesis shows that single limb exercises performed as one-legged cycling may be useful and effective for patients with COPD. Eight weeks of HRSLE was feasible and effective with regard to exercise capacity but without effect with regard to health-related quality of life. Elastic resistance could be used as exercise equipment to improve limb muscle function in patients with COPD and to evaluate muscular strength in healthy older adults.
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| 37. |
- Nyberg, Andre, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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The accuracy of using elastic resistance bands to evaluate muscular strength
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 16:2, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elastic resistance as a tool for evaluation of muscular strength has rarely been addressed even though it is commonly used in exercise and rehabilitation regimens involving the shoulder muscles. The aim was therefore to investigate the relationship and potential difference between development of force during maximal isokinetic (maximum peak force, maximum mean force and peak mean force) and elastic (one-repetition maximum (1 RM)) concentric shoulder fl exion in healthy older adults. A total of 30 voluntary adults over the age of 50 (15 women, 15 men) were included. Intraclass correlation coefficient absolute agreement was 0.85, 0.43 and 0.48 for the isokinetic values respectively, when all subjects were analysed together. No difference was found between the isokinetic maximum peak force value and the elastic 1 RM for all participants (0.15 kg, p 0.791), for men (0.80 kg, p 0.121) or women ( 0.49 kg, p 0.135). Variations at an individual level, i.e. 95% limits of agreement, were 3.3 kg for all participants, 2.8 kg for women and 3.2 kg for men. These results imply that elastic resistance could be used to evaluate shoulder fl exion strength in both older men and women. However, thevariation on an individual level and the lower agreement among women is important to consider.
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| 38. |
- Nyberg, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of using elastic bands to measure knee extension strength in older adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Novel Physiotherapy and Physical Rehabilitation. - : Peertechz Publications Private Limited. - 2455-5487. ; 3:1, s. 16-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: Maximal strength assessment of knee extensors in older adults using elastic resistance bands have rarely been addressed even though resistance training using elastic bands have shown large effects on muscle strength in this group of people. We therefore aim to determine the validity of maximal knee extension strength assessment using elastic resistance bands in older women and men.Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 women and 12 men; 61.8 ± 6.0 years; 173.5 ± 10.2 cm; 71.9 ± 15.7 kg) were included. To assess maximal knee extension strength, participants performed one-repetition maximum testing of concentric knee extension using elastic resistance bands as well as a maximal concentric knee extension isokinetic test at 60°/s using a stationary isokinetic dynamometer. Concurrent validity of the two measurement techniques were assed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1), Pearson correlations (R), concordance correlations (Rc) and by determining variations on an individual level using 95% limits of agreement (LoA) with isokinetic dynamometry measurement as the reference standard.Results: Validity analysis showed good to excellent agreement and relationships but wide 95% LoA between elastic one-repetition maximum and isokinetic peak torque for all participants (ICC = 0.88; R = 0.90; Rc = 0.85, LoA = 10.5 kg), for women (ICC = 0.67; R = 0.77; Rc = .62, LoA = 7.7 kg) and for men (ICC = 0.80; R = 0.85; Rc = 0.78, LoA = 13.1 kg), respectively.Conclusion: One-repetition maximum testing using elastic resistance bands provides valid measurements of maximal knee extension strength in older women and men but with wide variations on an individual level.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Olsson, Carl-Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex activity during imagined eccentric compared to concentric muscle actions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5161. ; 6:255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine differences in recruited brain regions during the concentric and the eccentric phase of an imagined maximum resistance training task of the elbow flexors in healthy young subjects. The results showed that during the eccentric phase, pre-frontal cortex (BA44) bilaterally was recruited when contrasted to the concentric phase. During the concentric phase, however, the motor and pre-motor cortex (BA 4/6) was recruited when contrasted to the eccentric phase. Interestingly, the brain activity of this region was reduced, when compared to the mean activity of the session, during the eccentric phase. Thus, the neural mechanisms governing imagined concentric and eccentric contractions appear to differ. We propose that the recruitment of the pre-frontal cortex is due to an increased demand of regulating force during the eccentric phase. Moreover, it is possible that the inability to fully activate a muscle during eccentric contractions may partly be explained by a reduction of activity in the motor and pre-motor cortex.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Röding, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction in younger individuals after stroke : different predisposing factors among men and women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 42:2, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There were different factors for being satisfied with life as a whole between men and women, indicating a need for a more gender-specific rehabilitation than is currently used. The impact that deteriorated ability to concentrate has on life satisfaction is an important finding that needs to be considered in the rehabilitation process of younger patients after stroke.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Röding, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived impaired physical and cognitive functions after stroke in men and women between 18 and 55 years of age – a national survey
- 2009
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 31:13, s. 1092-1099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. We describe self-reported consequences for physical and cognitive functions, detect possible gender differences, and find factors that were associated with deteriorated physical function in younger stroke patients, independent in their personal activities of daily life.Methods. This study involved all first ever stroke patients, aged 18-55 years, registered in the Swedish national quality register for stroke. A questionnaire was answered by 1068 patients 8-36 months after the stroke. Changes were sought in physical and cognitive functions as compared with the pre-stroke condition.Results. Eight hundred and sixty-seven patients (83%) were independent in personal activities of daily life. Significant differences between men and women were found: deteriorated physical ability was reported by 56-71% of the men and 65-79% of the women; deteriorated cognitive function was reported by 48-57% of the men and 57-68% of the women. Many patients (70% men, 77% women) reported that they had received insufficient information about physical exertion. Significant associations were found between deteriorated physical function and deteriorated cognitive function as well as fear of physical exertion.Conclusions. Deterioration was found in physical and cognitive functions greater in women then in men. Insecurity regarding physical exertion existed indicating that younger stroke patients might need information directly aimed at physical functioning and more gender specific than today. This study has raised the awareness that there also might be gender differences in other fields, which needs further studies.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Röding, Jenny, 1972-
(författare)
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Stroke in the younger : Self-reported impact on work situation, cognitive function, physical function and life satisfaction - A national survey
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The majority of people affected by stroke are older however one fifth of all persons with stroke are younger than 65 years. In Sweden the mean age at the time of a stroke is 75 years and about 5 % of those who suffer a stroke are 55 years or younger. The aim of this thesis was to describe and analyse the consequences of stroke in the younger population in terms of experiences of the rehabilitation process, return to work, self-reported physical and cognitive function and life satisfaction. Sex differences, as well as gender specific associations regarding factors of importance for return to work, deteriorated physical ability and satisfaction with life as a whole, were also studied. This thesis was based on an in-depth interview study and self reported data collected from a questionnaire answered by 1068 individuals, 18-55 years old with a first ever stroke registered in Riks-Stroke, the Swedish national quality register for stroke care. The questionnaire concerned aspects of current health condition, living and social arrangements, physical and cognitive functions, activities in daily life, relationships, social life, leisure pursuits, self-perception, participation, work and life satisfaction. Most of the questions aimed to investigate differences between the present time and before stroke onset. In-depth interviews with two men and three women aged 37-54, living at home after their stroke generated the hypotheses that younger persons with stroke are frustrated and feel invisible and outside. Rehabilitation for the young was perceived as in adequate due to the fact that the rehabilitation setting does not acknowledge the specific needs that younger persons with stroke have. Prior to the stroke 855 of 1068 (80%) of the participants, had been in paid employment. After the stroke, 65% of the men and 66 % of the women returned to work. Factors of importance for return to work were associated with the self-reported data: the feeling that it was important to work (OR 5.1), not perceiving oneself as a burden to others (OR 3.3), not having a deteriorated ability to run a shorter distance (OR 2.8) and having support for return to work (OR 3.7). Changes in self-reported physical and cognitive functions as compared with pre-stroke condition was explored in 867 (513 men and 354 women) P-ADL independent persons with stroke. Deteriorated physical abilities were reported in 56-79% and deteriorated cognitive abilities in 48- 68% of the participants. Women were significantly more affected in terms of both physical and cognitive deterioration than the men. Seventy-two percent of the participants did not know how much they could physically exert themselves after their stroke, women significantly more than men. In addition, significant associations were found between deteriorated physical function and deteriorated cognitive function as well as fear of physical exertion. The strongest association for deteriorated ability to move in crowded environments was the risk factors deteriorated cognitive ability (OR of 5.4) and being afraid of physical exertion (OR of 3.1). Life Satisfaction and factors associated with not being satisfied with life as a whole in 1068 (631 men and 437 women) persons with stroke was assessed with the LiSat 9, baseline data from Riks- Stroke and self-reported answers from the questionnaire. Fifty-three percent of the participants were not satisfied with life as a whole. Men and women were analyzed separately in terms of associations with not being satisfied with life as a whole. Women who had a haemorrhage (OR 3.9) and a deteriorated ability to concentrate (OR 2.1) had a higher risk of not being satisfied. For men the risk was associated with living without a significant other (OR 3.2), not working (OR 2.3) and deteriorated ability to concentrate (OR 2.0). In conclusion, younger individuals who have experienced a stroke feel frustrated and invisible due to the fact that their needs are not acknowledged. Age and gender have an impact on outcome of present rehabilitation programs and the problems of younger persons with stroke can be detected at an earlier stage by developing appropriate instrument and delivering information directly aimed at physical functioning. Further studies on gender specific differences in stroke outcome concerning physical and cognitive functions as well as life situation after stroke are needed. In order to optimize rehabilitation in terms of return to work, external support and motivation seem to be important factors to consider. Key words: Adult, cognition disorders, gender differences, middle aged, motor activity, quality of life,questionnaires, stroke, work
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| 50. |
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