| 1. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a cellulose-based society : current market and consumer trends
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The 7th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden, 28-30 Mar. 2017. - Stockholm : RISE Bioekonomi. - 9789186018207 ; , s. 1-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has been proposed that the future of the forest industry will involve the traditional value chains combined with the needs and demands of a bio-based economy. A global consumer survey was undertaken, together with interviews and workshops with various representatives through the bio-economy. Sources also included in-depth literature studies and research reviews. Based on this input, several current trends have been identified that will affect the route towards a cellulose-based society. These trends describe the effects of urbanization, consumer behaviour, new business models, material recycling, open innovation and the necessity for early demonstration of new research. Four different but equally plausible scenarios have been identified describing the society and the role of cellulose in 2030, highlighting the role of the wood-based biorefinery.
|
|
| 2. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a cellulose-based society : current trends, future scenarios, and the role of the wood biorefinery
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th European workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp. - 9791090188020 ; , s. 125-127
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a great need to maintain research for a future in which the traditional value chains of the forest industry are combined with the needs and demands of a bio-based economy. In such a future, the pulp mill biorefinery will be a crucial node. In order to map the transformation from a fossil-based society to a cellulose-based society, a global consumer survey has been made. In addition, interviews and workshops with various players throughout the bio-economy field have been accomplished. Several current trends that affect the road to a cellulose-based society have been identified. These trends are describing the effects of urbanization, consumer behaviour, new business models, material recycling, open innovation, and the need for early demonstration of new research. The trends have been combined with uncertainties into a number of plausible scenarios describing the society and the role of cellulose in the year 2030.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
The SELMA study : a birth cohort study in Sweden following more than 2000 mother-child pairs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 26:5, s. 456-467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper describes the background, aim and study design for the Swedish SELMA study that aimed to investigate the importance of early life exposure during pregnancy and infancy to environmental factors with a major focus on endocrine disrupting chemicals for multiple chronic diseases/disorders in offspring.Methods: The cohort was established by recruiting women in the 10th week of pregnancy. Blood and urine from the pregnant women and the child and air and dust from home environment from pregnancy and infancy period have been collected. Questionnaires were used to collect information on life styles, socio-economic status, living conditions, diet and medical history.Results: Of the 8394 reported pregnant women, 6658 were invited to participate in the study. Among the invited women, 2582 (39%) agreed to participate. Of the 4076 (61%) non-participants, 2091 women were invited to a non-respondent questionnaire in order to examine possible selection bias. We found a self-selection bias in the established cohort when compared with the non-participant group, e.g. participating families did smoke less (14% vs. 19%), had more frequent asthma and allergy symptoms in the family (58% vs. 38%), as well as higher education among the mothers (51% vs. 36%) and more often lived in single-family houses (67% vs. 60%).Conclusions: These findings indicate that the participating families do not fully represent the study population and thus, the exposure in this population. However, there is no obvious reason that this selection bias will have an impact on identification of environmental risk factors.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bäck, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel potent macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease : use of cyclopentane and cyclopentene P2-motifs
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 15:22, s. 7184-7202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several highly potent novel HCV NS3 protease inhibitors have been developed from two inhibitor series containing either a P2 trisubstituted macrocyclic cyclopentane- or a P2 cyclopentene dicarboxylic acid moiety as surrogates for the widely used N-acyl-(4R)-hydroxyproline in the P2 position. These inhibitors were optimized for anti HCV activities through examination of different ring sizes in the macrocyclic systems and further by exploring the effect of P4 substituent removal on potency. The target molecules were synthesized from readily available starting materials, furnishing the inhibitor compounds in good overall yields. It was found that the 14-membered ring system was the most potent in these two series and that the corresponding 13-, 15-, and 16-membered macrocyclic rings delivered less potent inhibitors. Moreover, the corresponding P1 acylsulfonamides had superior potencies over the corresponding P1 carboxylic acids. It is noteworthy that it has been possible to develop highly potent HCV protease inhibitors that altogether lack the P4 substituent. Thus the most potent inhibitor described in this work, inhibitor 20, displays a Ki value of 0.41 nM and an EC50 value of 9 nM in the subgenomic HCV replicon cell model on genotype 1b. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example described in the literature of a HCV protease inhibitor displaying high potency in the replicon assay and lacking the P4 substituent, a finding which should facilitate the development of orally active small molecule inhibitors against the HCV protease.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Guldbrand, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 55:8, s. 2118-2127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The study aimed to compare the effects of a 2 year intervention with a low-fat diet (LFD) or a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), based on four group meetings to achieve compliance. METHODS: This was a prospective randomised parallel trial involving 61 adults with type 2 diabetes consecutively recruited in primary care and randomised by drawing ballots. Patients that did not speak Swedish could not be recruited. The primary outcomes in this non-blinded study were weight and HbA(1c). Patients on the LFD aimed for 55-60 energy per cent (E%) and those on LCD for 20 E% from carbohydrate. RESULTS: The mean BMI and HbA(1c) of the participants were 32.7 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) and 57.0 ± 9.2 mmol/mol, respectively. No patients were lost to follow-up. Weight loss did not differ between groups and was maximal at 6 months: LFD -3.99 ± 4.1 kg (n = 31); LCD -4.31 ± 3.6 kg (n = 30); p < 0.001 within groups. At 24 months, patients on the LFD had lost -2.97 ± 4.9 kg and those on LCD -2.34 ± 5.1 kg compared with baseline (p = 0.002 and p = 0.020 within groups, respectively). HbA(1c) fell in the LCD group only (LCD at 6 months -4.8 ± 8.3 mmol/mol, p = 0.004, at 12 months -2.2 ± 7.7 mmol/mol, p = 0.12; LFD at 6 months -0.9 ± 8.8 mmol/mol, p = 0.56). At 6 months, HDL-cholesterol had increased with the LCD (from 1.13 ± 0.33 mmol/l to 1.25 ± 0.47 mmol/l, p = 0.018) while LDL-cholesterol did not differ between groups. Insulin doses were reduced in the LCD group (0 months, LCD 42 ± 65 E, LFD 39 ± 51 E; 6 months, LCD 30 ± 47 E, LFD 38 ± 48 E; p = 0.046 for between-group change). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Weight changes did not differ between the diet groups, while insulin doses were reduced significantly more with the LCD at 6 months, when compliance was good. Thus, aiming for 20% of energy intake from carbohydrates is safe with respect to cardiovascular risk compared with the traditional LFD and this approach could constitute a treatment alternative. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01005498 FUNDING: University Hospital of Linköping Research Funds, Linköping University, the County Council of Östergötland, and the Diabetes Research Centre of Linköping University.
|
|
| 7. |
- Guldbrand, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Randomization to a low-carbohydrate diet advice improves health related quality of life compared with a low-fat diet at similar weight-loss in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 106:2, s. 221-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsTo compare the effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a 2-year intervention with a low-fat diet (LFD) or a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) based on four group-meetings to achieve compliance. To describe different aspects of taking part in the intervention following the LFD or LCD.MethodsProspective, randomized trial of 61 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The SF-36 questionnaire was used at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Patients on LFD aimed for 55–60 energy percent (E%) and those on LCD for 20 E% from carbohydrates. The patients were interviewed about their experiences of the intervention.ResultsMean body-mass-index was 32.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2 at baseline. Weight-loss did not differ between groups and was maximal at 6 months, LFD: −3.99 ± 4.1 kg, LCD: −4.31 ± 3.6 kg (p < 0.001 within groups). There was an increase in the physical component score of SF-36 from 44.1 (10.0) to 46.7 (10.5) at 12 months in the LCD group (p < 0.009) while no change occurred in the LFD group (p < 0.03 between groups). At 12 months the physical function, bodily pain and general health scores improved within the LCD group (p values 0.042–0.009) while there was no change within the LFD group.ConclusionsWeight-changes did not differ between the diet groups while improvements in HRQoL only occurred after one year during treatment with LCD. No changes of HRQoL occurred in the LFD group in spite of a similar reduction in body weight.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hambre, David, et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized trial of protein supplementation compared with extra fast food on the effects of resistance training to increase metabolism
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 72:6, s. 471-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To prospectively evaluate the effects of resistance training combined with increased energy intake or protein-supplementation on lean body-mass, resting metabolic-rate (RMR) and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. Twenty-four healthy males (aged 19-32 years) performed resistance exercise for 12 weeks aiming for at least 1 hour training-sessions 3 times a week. The participants were randomized to consume extra protein (33 g whey protein/day) or a meal of fast-food/day (1350 kcal, 41 g protein). Body-composition was measured with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and RMR by indirect calorimetry. Fasting blood samples were drawn before and after the 3-month training period and after 12 months. Results. The body weight increased from 75.1 +/- 6.9 kg to 78.7 +/- 7.2 kg (p andlt; 0.0001), without differences between the groups. RMR increased from 1787 +/- 143 kcal/24 h to 1954 +/- 187 kcal/24 h (p andlt; 0.0001, N = 24), which was more than expected from the increase in lean body-mass (increase from 59.7 +/- 4.3 kg to 61.8 +/- 4.1 kg p = 0.004). Fasting serum-insulin levels increased in the fast-food group compared with the extra-protein group (p = 0.03). ApoB increased from 0.691 +/- 0.14 g/L to 0.768 +/- 0.17 g/L, p = 0.004, in the fast-food group only. Long-term follow up after 12 months showed that RMR, body weight, total fat and lean body-masses did not differ from baseline (n = 19). Conclusions. Resistance training for 12 weeks increased RMR and lean body-mass similarly when based on either an increased energy-intake or protein supplement. However, the increase in RMR was higher than expected from the increase in lean body-mass. Thus resistance training could potentially decrease the risk of obesity by induction of increased RMR.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lindström, Anton, et al.
(författare)
-
Hierarchical PLS modeling for predicting the binding of a comprehensive set of structurally diverse protein-ligand complexes.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chem Inf Model. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9596. ; 46:3, s. 1154-1167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach is presented for predicting ligand binding to proteins using hierarchical partial-least-squares regression to latent structures (Hi-PLS). Models were based on information from the 2002 release of the PDBbind database containing (after in-house refinement) high-resolution X-ray crystallography and binding affinity (Kd or Ki) data for 612 protein-ligand complexes. The complexes were characterized by four different descriptor blocks: three-dimensional (3D) structural descriptors of the proteins, protein-ligand interactions according to the Validate scoring function, binding site surface areas, and ligand 2D and 3D descriptors. These descriptor blocks were used in Hi-PLS models, generated using both linear and nonlinear terms, to relate the characterizations to pKd/i. The results show that each of the four descriptor blocks contributed to the model, and the predictions of pKd/i of the internal test set gave a root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.65. The data were further divided according to the structural classification of the proteins, and Hi-PLS models were constructed for the resulting subclasses. The models for the four subclasses differed considerably in terms of both their ability to predict pKd/i (with RMSEPs ranging from 0.8 to 1.56) and the descriptor block that had the strongest influence. The models were validated with an external test set of 174 complexes from the 2003 release of the PDBbind database. The overall results show that the presented Hi-PLS methodology could facilitate the difficult task of predicting binding affinity.
|
|
| 10. |
- Persson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
USING SIMULATION TO DETERMINE THE SAFETY STOCK LEVEL FOR INTERMITTENT DEMAND
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC). - : IEEE. - 9781538634288 ; , s. 3768-3779
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety stock calculations are difficult for products with intermittent demand, long production lead times, and high monetary values. Theoretically, forecasts can be used to reduce the need for safety stocks. A high precision forecast minimizes the need for safety stock and forecast evaluation measurements can be used to calculate the safety stock level. However, a more realistic determination of safety stock levels can he obtained by simulation. In this paper, simulation is used to model and experiment on a case with three end products in order to determine the relationship between safety stock levels and service levels. Also, a comparison is made with theoretically calculated safety stocks to see how well basic theoretical models for safety stock calculations fulfill the requirements of service level. The result is that simulation can provide a much more accurate determination of safety stock levels for intermittent demands than theoretical calculations.
|
|
| 11. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
-
The human secretome
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 12:609
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Almgren, Karin M., et al.
(författare)
-
Moisture uptake and hygroexpansion of wood fiber composite materials with polylactide and polypropylene matrix materials
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Polymer Composites. - : Wiley. - 0272-8397 .- 1548-0569. ; 30:12, s. 1809-1816
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of butantetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) modification, choice of matrix, and fiber volume fraction on hygroexpansion of wood fiber composites have been investigated. Untreated reference wood fibers and BTCA-modified fibers were used as reinforcement in composites with matrices composed of polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene (PP), or a mixture thereof. The crosslinking BTCA modification reduced the out-of-plane hygroexpansion of PLA and PLA/PP composites, under water-immersed and humid conditions, whereas the swelling increased when PP was used as matrix material. This is explained by difficulties for the BTCA-modified fibers to adhere to the PP matrix. Fiber volume fraction was the most important parameter as regards out-of-plane hygroexpansion, with a high-fiber fraction leading to large hygroexpansion. Fiber-matrix wettability during processing and consolidation also showed to have a large impact on the dimensional stability and moisture uptake. POLYM. COMPOS., 30:1809-1816, 2009.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Barauskas, Justas, et al.
(författare)
-
Bioadhesive Lipid Compositions : Self-Assembly Structures, Functionality, and Medical Applications
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:3, s. 895-903
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid-based liquid crystalline compositions of phospholipids and diglycerides have unique bioadhesive properties with several medical applications, as exemplified by a lipid-based medical device indicated for management and relief of intraoral pain. The present paper describes the relation between self-assembly properties of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and glycerol dioleate (GDO) mixtures in the presence of aqueous fluids and functional attributes of the system, including: film formation and bioadhesion, intraoral coverage, acceptance by patients, and potential as a drug delivery system. The phase behavior of PC/GDO was characterized using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Functional properties, including the presence of study formulations at intraoral surfaces, ease of attachment, taste, and degree of and intraoral pain, were assessed in a crossover clinical pilot study in head and neck cancer patients. An optimum in functional properties was indicated for formulations with a PC/GDO weight ratio of about 35/65, where the lipids form a reversed cubic liquid crystalline micellar phase structure (Fd3m space group) over the relevant temperature range (25-40 degrees C).
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Berggren, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Sound vibration damping optimization with application to the design of speakerphone casings
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We optimize the thickness distribution in a 1D beam model of an elastic plate, subject to forced vibration at one of its ends, in order to minimize the structural vibration in a given area of the plate. The optimization is carried out both in broadband and band-pass cases. Geometric constraints, weight constraints, and constraints on the static compliance are imposed in the optimization. A broadband optimization over 50 frequencies, evenly distributed in the 300–3400 Hz range, reduces the vibration by around 5–10 dB on average throughout the frequency range. When targeting only the higher end of the above frequency range, it is possible to achieve more dramatic results. Vibration reductions of 20 dB and more can be achieved in the 2300–2800 Hz region. In the latter case, the results suggest that a band-gap phenomenon occurs, similarly as for phononic band gap materials. To validate the results, the best-performing optimal shape for the clamped case was imported into a 3D computational structural model, and the resulting forced vibration response agreed well with the the beam-model computations. These results were first announced in a technical report by Lacis et al. [5].
|
|
| 20. |
- Berglund, Lars A., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Eco-friendly high-strength composites based on hot-pressed lignocellulose microfibrils or fibers
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society. - 2168-0485. ; 9:4, s. 1899-1910
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unbleached lignocellulosic wood fiber materials of low porosity are of great interest as eco-friendly load-bearing materials because their yield is much higher than that for “pure” wood cellulosics. The difference between comparable materials based on lignocellulose fibers or nanocellulose is investigated. The structure, surface area, mechanical properties, moisture sorption, and optical properties of films based on fibers or microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) were characterized as a function of lignin content, and the environmental impact was compared. The modulus and tensile strength of comparable fiber and MFLC films (≈25% porosity) increased up to an optimum lignin content (11−17%) and then decreased at a very high lignin content. Hot-pressed MFLC films with little porosity showed excellent properties, 230−260 MPa strength, 17−20 GPa modulus, and 81 MPa wet strength. The mechanical property values of hot-pressed wood fibers with 25% porosity were also as high as 154 MPa strength and 13.2 GPa modulus, which are higher than those of comparable materials reported in the literature. Because hot-pressed lignocellulose fibers can be readily recycled and show low cumulative energy demand, they are candidates for semistructural engineering materials. MFLC is of great interest for coatings, films, adhesives, and as additives or in high-technology applications.
|
|
| 21. |
- Blomstrand, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Left ventricular diastolic function, assessed by echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, superior to global left ventricular longitudinal strain, in patients with type 2 diabetes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16:9, s. 1000-1007
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether left ventricular systolic function, in terms of global left ventricular longitudinal strain (GLS), and diastolic function, expressed as the ratio between early diastolic transmitral flow and mitral annular motion velocities (E/e'), can predict cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods and results: We prospectively investigated 406 consecutive patients, aged 55-65 years, with diabetes mellitus, who participated in the CARDIPP study. Echocardiography, pulse pressure (pp), and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were analysed. Twelve cases of myocardial infarction and seven cases of stroke were identified during the follow-up period of 67 +/- 17 months. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that E/e' was a strong predictor of cardiovascular events (hazards ratio 1.12; 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.18, P < 0.001). E/e' was prospectively associated with cardiovascular events independent of age, sex, GLS, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pp, and HbA1c in multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that E/e' and HbA1c were the strongest predictors for cardiovascular events, both having an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 followed by LVEF with an AUC of 0.65 and GLS of 0.61. In a Kaplan-Meyer analysis, the cumulative probability of an event during the follow-up period was 8.6% for patients with an E/e' ratio >15 compared with 2.6% for patients with E/e' <= 15, P = 0.011.Conclusion: In middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes, E/e' is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction and stroke, comparable with HbA1c and superior to GLS and LVEF.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Bojestig, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduction of ACE activity is insufficient to decrease microalbuminuria in normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 24:5, s. 919-924
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE - To study whether administration of 1.25 and 5.0 mg ramipril daily, compared with placebo treatment, reduces the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Ramipril was administered double blind at two different doses(1.25 [n = 19] and 5.0 mg [n = 18]), and compared with placebo [n = 18] after a single-blind placebo period of 1-4 weeks. The patients (total, n = 55, women, n = 14) were followed for 2 years. To document an effect on the renin-angiotensin system, ACE activity and plasma-renin activity (PRA) were measured. In addition, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was recorded at baseline and repeated after 1 and 2 years using a Spacelab 90207 ambulatory BP recording device (Spacelab, Redmont, CA). RESULTS - Both doses of ramipril were sufficient to reduce ACE activity and to increase PRA significantly as compared with placebo (P < 0.05 for both). On the other hand, neither ambulatory nor clinic BP was affected by either dose of ramipril compared with the placebo group. There was no progression of UAER in the placebo group during the 2 years of the study. Analysis of covariance showed no differences in UAER between the three treatment groups at year 1 (P = 0.94) or year 2 (P = 0.97), after adjusting for baseline. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant changes from baseline UAER within any of the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS - Treatment with ramipril did not affect microalbuminuria or clinic or ambulatory BP in this study. On the basis of the present study, we question the clinical use of ACE inhibitors in stably normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria in whom a concomitant reduction in BP is not demonstrated.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Collective Digital Transformation: Institutional Work in Municipal Collaboration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital transformation is dramatically changing the provisioning of public sector services. As such, it has moved from an added channel to fundamentally reshaping the public sector. Albeit transformative, this increased utilization of digital solutions is not equally distributed within the sector. Much has been written about the digital divide and how the shift to digital services marginalizes groups of citizens, yet less is known about the differences inferred through uneven digital transformation across municipalities. While certain municipalities have been quick to adopt digital solutions, others fall behind, increasing the performance spread and significantly challenging the notion of equal access to public sector services. In this study, we explore a revelatory case of inter-municipal collaboration targeted at counteracting this growing inequality among citizens belonging to two different municipalities. We find that collective digital transformation is enacted with a strong emphasis on assuring the complementarity rather than homogeneity of the two involved parties. This finding is discussed from the perspective of institutional work and collective ambidexterity to identify future research opportunities in the study of collective digital transformation.
|
|
| 28. |
- Carlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence of Daytime Variation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine: An Intervention Study with Rosiglitazon in Type 2 Diabetes
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Open Endocrinology Journal. - : Bentham Open. ; :5, s. 14-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has in some, but not all studies been associated with insulin resistance (IR). We wanted to challenge the hypothesis that plasma ADMA levels are associated with IR in an intervention study using an insulin sensitizing drug. Another aim of the study was to study daytime ADMA variation and if food intake influence ADMA concentration.Methods: Nine patients with diet treated type 2 diabetes were investigated with daytime profiles of ADMA (8 am-5 pm) before and during treatment with rosiglitazone for 8 weeks. A control group matched for age and sex underwent a similar investigation at baseline.Results: After treatment with rosiglitazone, ADMA (0.63- 0.64 mmol/L; p=0.26) and homocysteine (10.3 -10.6 mol/L; p=0.61) concentrations did not change. Postprandial (10 am – 5 pm) ADMA concentrations were 10% higher than fasting morning levels (p=0.006) and this difference was similar for controls and diabetes patients both pre and post treatment with rosiglitazone.Conclusions: Treatment with rosiglitazone aiming to improve insulin sensitivity did not affect ADMA concentration in type 2 diabetes patients. The ADMA daytime variation and the relation to food intake appear to be a novel finding and should be considered in future studies.
|
|
| 29. |
- Claesson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Two weeks of overfeeding with candy, but not peanuts, increases insulin levels and body weight
- 2009
-
Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL and LABORATORY INVESTIGATION. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 69:5, s. 598-605
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the effects of snacking based on fast acting carbohydrates (candy) or fat and protein (peanuts) in a prospective randomized, parallel intervention study. Methods: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and after hyper-alimentation by addition of 20 kcal/kg (84 kJ/kg) body weight of either candy or roasted peanuts, to the regular caloric intake, for two weeks in healthy subjects. Eleven men and 14 women completed the randomized study. Results: Energy-intake increased similarly in the groups (candy: +46.1 +/- 35%, peanuts: +46.8 +/- 28%, p = 0.96). Body-weight (candy: from 67.3 +/- 7.6 kg to 68.1 +/- 7.3 kg, p = 0.01, nuts: from 68.7 +/- 6.1 kg to 69.0 +/- 5.7 kg, p = 0.3) and waist circumference increased significantly only in the candy group. At the end of the study LDL cholesterol (candy: 2.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, peanuts: 2.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.005) and ApoB/ApoA-1-ratio (candy: 0.68 +/- 0.16, peanuts: 0.53 +/- 0.11, p = 0.01) were higher in the candy group than in the peanut group. On the other hand, BMR increased only in the peanut group (candy: from 6.657 +/- 1.1 MJ/24 h to 6.762 +/- 1.1 MJ/24 h, p - 0.3, nuts: from 6.896 +/- 0.98 MJ/24 h to 7.256 +/- 1.1 MJ/24 h, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Two weeks of snacking based on peanuts does not cause the same negative metabolic effects as an isocaloric diet in which the snacking is based on short acting carbohydrates in the form of candy in non-obese healthy subjects.
|
|
| 30. |
- Dahlén, Elsa M, et al.
(författare)
-
Complications Carotid intima-media thickness and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in middle-aged patients with Type 2 diabetes
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 26:4, s. 384-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To explore the association between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) ratio compared with conventional lipids in middle-aged patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We analysed data from 247 patients with Type 2 diabetes, aged 55-66 years, in the Cardiovascular Risk factors in Patients with Diabetes-a Prospective study in Primary care (CARDIPP-1) study. Primary care nurses measured blood pressure and anthropometric characteristics. Blood samples were taken for laboratory analyses. The carotid IMT was determined by ultrasonography at the University Hospital in Linköping and at the County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden. RESULTS: The ApoB/apoA-I ratio (r = 0.207, P = 0.001), apoB (r = 0.166, P = 0.009) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) (r = 0.129, P = 0.046) correlated with IMT. Conventional lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and systolic blood pressure were not significantly correlated to IMT. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted with IMT as the dependent variable and the apoB/apoA-I ratio, HbA(1c), hsCRP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol, non-HDL-c and treatment with statins as independent variables. Following adjustment for age and gender, only the apoB/apoA-I ratio remained significantly associated with IMT (odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence intervals 1.7-10.8, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there was a significant association between the apoB/apoA-I ratio and IMT in middle-aged patients with Type 2 diabetes. The association was independent of conventional lipids, hsCRP, glycaemic control and use of statins.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Dorn, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Logistik 2015-2020 : En framtidsstudie om logistiksimulering: FoT 19 logistik
- 2006
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In this study an attempt is made to put forward ideas about how logistic support to the Armed Forces of the future will be dealt with, based on a survey of current social, military and economic trends. The aim is to identify those logistic matters, which it would be relevant to simulate within a 10 to 15-year period. The study has been carried out with the aid of NATO logistic doctrine and a qualitative method, which is closely comparable to idea analysis.One of the findings of the study is that the Swedish Armed Forces could be one module, amongst many (e.g. police, rescue services and aid organisations), tailor-made for a particular peace support operation, led by a national HQ. It can also be taken that civilian actors, to a much greater extent than today, will be part of the logistics system and that this system could resemble the “IKEA model”, i.e. small stores of equipment that can quickly be put together to meet different needs. All this will require a greater degree of specialisation and coordination, both in Sweden and in other countries.Those logistic matters identified as being relevant for simulation within a 10 to15-year period have been brought together in a summary. The main conclusion of the study indicates that it is of the utmost importance to simulate a model of the complete logistic chain. In the meantime, in order to carry out the simulation, the collection of experiences and lessons learned must be systemised and recorded. If this does not happen, it is doubtful that the simulation can be used as a system to support decision-making.
|
|
| 33. |
- Dunér, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Permeability, ultrastructural changes, and distribution of novel proteins in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nephron. Experimental nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2129. ; 116:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is still unclear what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and permeability changes in relation to the expression of the podocyte-associated molecules nephrin, α-actinin, dendrin, and plekhh2, the last two of which were only recently discovered in podocytes. METHODS: Using immune stainings, semiquantitative measurement was performed under the electron microscope. Permeability was assessed using isolated kidney perfusion with tracers. Possible effects of ACE inhibition were tested. RESULTS: By day 2, some patchy foot process effacement, but no proteinuria, appeared. The amount of nephrin was reduced in both diseased and normal areas. The other proteins showed few changes, which were limited to diseased areas. By day 4, foot process effacement was complete and proteinuria appeared in parallel with signs of size barrier damage. Nephrin decreased further, while dendrin and plekhh2 also decreased but α-actinin remained unchanged. ACE inhibition had no significant protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: PAN glomeruli already showed significant pathology by day 4, despite relatively mild proteinuria. This was preceded by altered nephrin expression, supporting its pivotal role in podocyte morphology. The novel proteins dendrin and plekhh2 were both reduced, suggesting roles in PAN, whereas α-actinin was unchanged.
|
|
| 34. |
- Ekman, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
-
A dose titration model for recombinant GH substitution aiming at normal plasma concentrations of IGF-I in hypopituitary adults
- 2002
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 147:1, s. 49-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a dose titration model for recombinant human GH substitution in adult patients with GH deficiency, aiming at normal plasma levels of IGF-I.DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighteen patients participated and a start dose of 0.17 mg GH/day was used except by two men who started with 0.33 mg/day. To demonstrate a clear GH effect the patients were first titrated, with steps of 0.17 mg GH/day every 6-8 weeks, to IGF-I levels in the upper range of age-adjusted reference values. The GH dose was then reduced 1 dose step and kept for a further 6 months. For comparison we investigated 17 healthy control subjects.RESULTS: Plasma IGF-I was increased after 2 weeks on the start dose and did not increase further for up to 8 weeks. Women had significantly lower GH sensitivity than men measured as net increment of IGF-I on the start dose of GH. GH sensitivity was not changed by age. The plasma IGF-I levels increased from 76.3+/-47.0 (s.d.) to 237+/-97 microg/l at the end of the study (P<0.001), and similar IGF-I levels were obtained in both sexes. The maintenance median GH dose was 0.33 mg/day in males and 0.83 mg/day in females (P=0.017). The GH dose correlated negatively with age in both sexes. Body weight, very low density triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and fasting insulin increased, whereas insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) decreased significantly. In comparison with the controls, the patients had lower fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and Lp(a) levels at baseline, but these differences disappeared after GH substitution. The two groups had equal insulin sensitivity (QUICKI), but 2 h oral glucose tolerance test values of blood glucose and insulin were significantly higher in the patients at the end of the study.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion our data suggest that the starting dose of GH substitution and the dose titration steps should be individualised according to GH sensitivity (gender) and the IGF-I level aimed for (age). The reduced insulin sensitivity induced by GH substitution could be viewed as a normalisation if compared with control subjects.
|
|
| 35. |
- Ekman, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
-
Individualized growth hormone substitution with normalized IGF-I levels does not stimulate the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 57:4, s. 473-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- objective To study the effects of individualized recombinant GH substitution, aiming at normal circulating IGF-I levels, in GH-deficient adults on blood pressure, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), natriuretic peptides and urine free cortisol.study design Open study with control group. The patients were titrated in dose steps of 0·17 mg GH/day every 6–8 weeks until an IGF-I level around the mean + 1 SD was attained (Tmax). After another month the dose was reduced by 0·17 mg (minimum dose 0·17 mg/day) to produce IGF-I levels at or slightly below the age-related mean (Tend), and this maintenance dose was held constant for 6 months.subjects Eighteen patients (11 males and seven females) with GH deficiency participated. For comparison we also prospectively evaluated 17 matched control subjects.measurements Blood pressure and heart rate, circulating levels of IGF-I, plasma renin activity (PRA), immunoreactive active renin (IRR), angiotensin II, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and 24-h urine aldosterone and urine free cortisol levels.results Blood pressure was unchanged by GH substitution but heart rate increased significantly (P < 0·03). PRA was elevated on the highest GH dose (Tmax) compared to baseline (P < 0·01), but returned to baseline and levels of controls at Tend. Four patients developed transient oedema and tended to have higher PRA levels than the rest of the subjects (P = 0·09). The circulating levels of IRR, angiotensin II, aldosterone, BNP and 24-h urine aldosterone and urine free cortisol levels were unchanged by GH substitution, and did not differ from the levels in the control subjects. Baseline ANP levels in the patients were lower than in the controls (P < 0·01), but increased after GH substitution (P < 0·01) to levels found in with the controls.conclusions We found no major changes of the variables in the circulating renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and a normalization of atrial natriuretic peptide when an individualized dose of GH was titrated to near-normal IGF-I levels.
|
|
| 36. |
- Elmqvist, Christel, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimizing engine concepts by using a simple model for knock prediction
- 2003
-
Ingår i: SAE Paper 2003-01-3123. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to present a simulation model for controlling combustion phasing in order to avoid knock in turbocharged SI engines. An empirically based knock model was integrated in a one-dimensional simulation tool. The empirical knock model was optimized and validated against engine tests for a variety of speeds and λ . This model can be used to optimize control strategies as well as design of new engine concepts.
|
|
| 37. |
- Elmqvist Möller, Christel, et al.
(författare)
-
Divided exhaust period : a gas exchange system for turbocharged SI engines
- 2005
-
Ingår i: SAE Paper 2005-01-1150. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The necessity to limit the boost pressure in turbocharged gasoline engines results in higher exhaust pressure than inlet pressure at engine speeds when the wastegate is opened. This imbalance has a negative influence on the exhaust scavenging of the engine and results in high levels of residual gas and consequently the engine is more prone to knock.
|
|
| 38. |
- Erlingsson, Styrbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Men develop more intraabdominal obesity and signs of the metabolic syndrome after hyperalimentation than women
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 58:7, s. 995-1001
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prospectively studied the effects of fast food-based hyperalimentation on insulin sensitivity and components of the metabolic syndrome and analyzed this with respect to sex. Twelve nonobese men and 6 nonobese women (26 +/- 6.6 years old), and an age-matched control group were recruited. Subjects in the intervention group aimed for 5% to 15% weight increase by doubling their regular caloric intake based on at least 2 fast food meals a day while also adopting a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks (andlt;5000 steps a day). Weight of Subjects in the intervention group increased from 67.6 +/- 9.1 to 74.0 +/- 11 kg (P andlt;.001), with no sex difference with regard to this or with respect to changes of total abdominal fat volumes or waist circumferences. Fasting insulin (men: before, 3.8 +/- 1.7 mu U/mL, after, 7.4 +/- 3.1 mu U/mL; P=.004; women: before, 4.9 +/- 2.3 mu U/mL; after, 5.9 +/- 2.8 mu U/mL; P =.17), systolic blood pressure (men: before, 117 +/- 13 mm Hg; after, 127 +/- 9.1 mm Hg; P =.002; women: before, 102 +/- 5.1 mm Hg; after, 98 +/- 5.4 mm Hg; P =.39), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B increased only in the men of the intervention group. The sex differences in the metabolic responses to the intervention were linked to a considerable difference in the fat accumulation pattern; 41.4% +/- 9.2% of the increase of the fat volume in the abdominal region was accumulated intraabdominally in men and 22.7 +/- 6.5% in women (P andlt;.0001). This Study thus showed that women are protected, compared with men, against developing intraabdominal obesity when adopting a standardized obesity-provoking lifestyle. Our findings suggest that it is not different lifestyles and/or behaviors that underlie the fact that men have a higher cardiovascular risk at the same level of percentage of body fat than women.
|
|
| 39. |
- Ernersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
An obesity provoking behaviour negatively influences young normal weight subjects' Health Related Quality of Life and causes depressive symptoms
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 11:4, s. 247-252
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many parts of the world the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle in combination with high consumption of food has increased, which contributes to increased risk for becoming overweight. Our primary aim was, in an intervention, to examine the influence on health related quality of life (HRQoL) and mood in young normal weight subjects of both sexes, when adopting an obesity provoking behaviour by increasing the energy intake via fast food and simultaneously adopting a sedentary lifestyle. A secondary aim was to follow-up possible long-term effects on HRQoL and mood 6 and 12 months after this short-term intervention.In this prospective study, 18 healthy normal weight subjects (mean age 26 ± 6.6 years), mainly university students were prescribed doubled energy intake, and maximum 5000 steps/day, during 4 weeks. An age and sex matched control group (n = 18), who were asked to have unchanged eating habits and physical activity, was recruited. Before and after the intervention questionnaires including Short Form-36, Hospital Anxiety Depression scale, Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, Sense of Coherence and Mastery scale were completed by the subjects in the intervention group and by the controls with 4 weeks interval. Six and 12 months after the intervention the subjects underwent the same procedure as at baseline and the controls completed the same questionnaires.During the intervention, subjects in the intervention group increased their bodyweight and developed markedly lower physical and mental health scores on Short Form-36 as well as depressive symptoms while no changes appeared in the controls. The increase of depressive symptoms was associated with increases of energy intake, body weight and body fat. When followed up, 6 and 12 months after the intervention, physical and mental health had returned completely to baseline values, despite somewhat increased body weight.In conclusion, adopting obesity provoking behaviour for 4 weeks decreases HRQoL and mood in young normal weight subjects. The effect is temporary and when followed up 6 and 12 months after the short-term intervention no remaining influence is found.
|
|
| 40. |
- Ernersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term increase of fat mass after a four week intervention with fast food based hyper-alimentation and limitation of physical activity
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 7:68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A sedentary lifestyle and increased consumption of energy dense food have become more common in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to study long term effects on body composition after a four week intervention with fast food based hyper-alimentation and limited physical activity in young normal weight subjects.Method: Eighteen subjects, mean age 26 (6.6) years, increased their energy intake with in average 70% and physical activity were not to exceed 5000 steps/day. Body composition was measured by Dual energy x-ray (DXA) at baseline, after the intervention and after 12 months. A matched control group was also included. ANOVA and Student's paired and unpaired t-test were used.Result: During the intervention body weight increased with 6.4 (2.8) kg and DXA measurements showed increases of both fat free mass and fat mass. Six months after the intervention the subjects had lost most of the weight gain, - 4.7 (3.1) kg. Twelve months after the intervention body weight had increased with 1.5 (2.4) kg compared to baseline (p = 0.018). DXA measurements at 12 months showed unchanged fat free mass compared to baseline but higher fat mass, + 1.4 (1.9) kg (p = 0.01). After 2.5 years the increase of body weight was 3.1 (4.0) kg (p = 0.01) while there was no change in controls compared to baseline, + 0.1(2.5) kg (p = 0.88).Conclusion: One year after a short term intervention with increased fast food based hyper-alimentation there was an increase of fat mass but unchanged fat free mass. As the change of fat mass was larger than expected from prospective epidemiological studies and as there was no increase of body weight in controls it raises the issue whether there is a long-term effect to increase fat mass of a short period of hyper-alimentation.
|
|
| 41. |
- Ernersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Young healthy individuals develop lack of energy when adopting an obesity provoking behaviour for 4 weeks: a phenomenological analysis
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:3, s. 565-571
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past 20 years, a sedentary lifestyle has become more common and simultaneously the consumption of energy-dense food has increased. These are two major risk factors associated with the increase of overweight and obesity, which is found in all ages over the world. The low well-being reported by obese individuals could be associated with increased food intake or it might be a specific consequence of obesity and lack of physical fitness. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of the phenomenon, adopting an obesity provoking behaviour, by increasing energy intake and simultaneously having a sedentary lifestyle for 4 weeks in healthy, normal-weight individuals of both genders. Eighteen healthy individuals (12 men and 6 women; median age 23, range 21-44 years) were included in an intervention, with a doubled energy intake and a maximum physical activity of 5000 steps per day during 4 weeks. After completing this intervention the participants were interviewed and asked to describe their experience during the past 4 weeks. A phenomenological approach was used to gain understanding of the phenomenon and analyses of the transcripts were performed in four steps according to Giorgis method. The main essence of the phenomenon, adopting an obesity provoking behaviour, was found to be lack of energy, related to emotional life, relations and life habits. Lack of energy emerged from five structures: influenced self-confidence, commitment to oneself and others, managing eating, feelings of tiredness and physical impact. These five structures were manifested through 12 constituents. These lifestyle changes decreased the sense of well-being in nonobese healthy individuals of both genders.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Evarest Sinkwembe, Emanuel
(författare)
-
Modelling Weather Dynamics for Weather Derivatives Pricing
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on developing an appropriate stochastic model for temperature dynamics as a means of pricing weather derivative contracts based on temperature. There are various methods for pricing weather derivatives ranging from simple one like historical burn analysis, which does not involve modeling the underlying weather variable to complex ones that require Monte Carlo simulations to achieve explicit weather derivatives contract prices, particularly the daily average temperature (DAT) dynamics models. Among various DAT models, appropriate regime switching models are considered relative better than single regime models due to its ability to capture most of the temperature dynamics features caused by urbanization, deforestation, clear skies and changes of measurement station. A new proposed model for DAT dynamics, is a two regime switching models with heteroskedastic mean-reverting process in the base regime and Brownian motion with nonzero drift in the shifted regime. Before using the model for pricing temperature derivative contracts, we compare the performance of the model with a benchmark model proposed by Elias et al. (2014), interms of the HDDs, CDDs and CAT indices. Using ve data sets from dierent measurement locations in Sweden, the results shows that, a two regime switching models with heteroskedastic mean-reverting process gives relatively better results than the model given by Elias et al. We develop mathematical expressions for pricing futures and option contracts on HDDs, CDDs and CAT indices. The local volatility nature of the model in the base regime captures very well the dynamics of the underlying process, thus leading to a better pricing processes for temperature derivatives contracts written on various index variables. We use the Monte Carlo simulation method for pricing weather derivatives call option contracts.
|
|
| 44. |
- Fagerqvist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Off-pathway alpha-synuclein oligomers seem to alter alpha-synuclein turnover in a cell model but lack seeding capability in vivo
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 20:4, s. 233-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregated α-synuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies, protein inclusions observed in the brain in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Experimental evidence indicates that α-synuclein potentially can be transferred between cells and act as a seed to accelerate the aggregation process. Here, we investigated in vitro and in vivo seeding effects of α-synuclein oligomers induced by the reactive aldehyde 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE). As measured by a Thioflavin-T based fibrillization assay, there was an earlier onset of aggregation when α-synuclein oligomers were added to monomeric α-synuclein. In contrast, exogenously added α-synuclein oligomers did not induce aggregation in a cell model. However, cells overexpressing α-synuclein that were treated with the oligomers displayed reduced α-synuclein levels, indicating that internalized oligomers either decreased the expression or accelerated the degradation of transfected α-synuclein. Also in vivo there were no clear seeding effects, as intracerebral injections of α-synuclein oligomers into the neocortex of α-synuclein transgenic mice did not induce formation of Proteinase K resistant α-synuclein pathology. Taken together, we could observe a seeding effect of the ONE-induced α-synuclein oligomers in a fibrillization assay, but neither in a cell nor in a mouse model.
|
|
| 45. |
- Fagerqvist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Off-pathway α-synuclein oligomers seem to alter α-synuclein turnover in a cell model but lack seeding capability in vivo
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 20:4, s. 233-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregated alpha-synuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies, protein inclusions observed in the brain in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Experimental evidence indicates that alpha-synuclein potentially can be transferred between cells and act as a seed to accelerate the aggregation process. Here, we investigated in vitro and in vivo seeding effects of alpha-synuclein oligomers induced by the reactive aldehyde 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE). As measured by a Thioflavin-T based fibrillization assay, there was an earlier onset of aggregation when alpha-synuclein oligomers were added to monomeric alpha-synuclein. In contrast, exogenously added alpha-synuclein oligomers did not induce aggregation in a cell model. However, cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein that were treated with the oligomers displayed reduced alpha-synuclein levels, indicating that internalized oligomers either decreased the expression or accelerated the degradation of transfected alpha-synuclein. Also in vivo there were no clear seeding effects, as intracerebral injections of alpha-synuclein oligomers into the neocortex of alpha-synuclein transgenic mice did not induce formation of proteinase K resistant alpha-synuclein pathology. Taken together, we could observe a seeding effect of the ONE-induced alpha-synuclein oligomers in a fibrillization assay, but neither in a cell nor in a mouse model.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Franck, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular risk factors related to the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes are gender dependent
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 21:2, s. 122-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism with diabetes and cardiovascular risk is controversial. We studied 173 women and 309 men in the observational CARDIPP trial in which determination of left ventricular mass, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed. Blood pressures were measured with 24-h ambulatory technique (ABP). Heterozygotes and homozygotes of Ala were defined as Ala in the analyses. Men with Ala-isoform displayed higher waist circumference (Ala: 107 ± 14 cm, Pro: 104 ± 11 cm, p = 0.045) and body weight (Ala: 95.7 ± 18 kg, Pro: 91.6 ± 14 kg, p = 0.042) than Pro-homozygotes. Men with ALA-isoform also showed higher systolic ABP levels (Ala: 134 ± 15 mmHg, Pro: 130 ± 14 mmHg, p = 0.004), whereas left ventricular mass index, IMT and PWV were unrelated to isoforms. In contrast, carotid–radial PWV was lower in women with the Ala-isoform (Ala: 7.9 ± 1.0 m/s, Pro: 8.5 ± 1.3 m/s, p = 0.01) and levels of apolipoprotein A1 were higher (Ala: 1.43 ± 0.27 g/l, Pro: 1.35 ± 0.17 g/l, p = 0.03). In conclusion, we found that men with type 2 diabetes having the Ala-isoform of PPARγ Pro12Ala had an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile, whereas women with this isoform had lower carotid–radial PWV and higher apolipoprotein A1 levels suggesting a beneficial prognosis. These differences according to gender of the ALA isoform in type 2 diabetes deserve further attention.
|
|
| 48. |
- Franck, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane is blunted in large compared with small primary fat cells isolated from the same individual
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 50:8, s. 1716-1722
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Several studies have suggested that large fat cells are less responsive to insulin than small fat cells. However, in these studies, large fat cells from obese individuals were compared with smaller fat cells from leaner participants, in effect making it impossible to draw conclusions about whether there is a causal relationship between fat cell size and insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that small fat cells might be more insulin-responsive than large adipocytes when obtained from the same individual. Materials and methods: We developed a method of sorting isolated primary human fat cells by using nylon filters of two different pore sizes. The cells were stained to visualise DNA, which allowed discrimination from artefacts such as lipid droplets. The sorted cells were left to recover overnight, since we had previously demonstrated that this is necessary for correct assessment of insulin response. Results: We found similar amounts of the insulin receptor (IR), IRS-1 and GLUT4 when we compared small and large adipocytes from the same volunteer by immunoblotting experiments using the same total cell volume from both cell populations. Activation of IR, IRS-1 and Akt1 (also known as protein kinase B) by insulin was similar in the two cell populations. However, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of plasma membrane sheets did not reveal any increase in the amount of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation in the large fat cells, whereas we saw a twofold increase in the amount of GLUT4 in the small fat cells. Conclusions/interpretation: Our results support a causal relationship between the accumulation of large fat cells in obese individuals and reduced insulin responsiveness.
|
|
| 49. |
- Franck, Niclas, 1977-
(författare)
-
On the importance of fat cell size, location and signaling in insulin resistance
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. During the past decades, substantial evidence has demonstrated that not only the amount of adipose tissue constitutes a major determinant in the development of metabolic disorders, but also the distribution. The visceral adipose tissue has shown to be stronger correlated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease than the subcutaneous depot. When we measured the activity of the nuclear receptor PPARγ in visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes, we found considerably lower activity in fat cells obtained from the visceral portion. This finding provides additional evidence to the unfavorable consequences of visceral obesity. The common PPARγ polymorphism Pro12Ala was studied in type 2 diabetic patients. We found that men with the Ala isoform exhibited higher sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference and body weight compared with homozygotes for the Pro isoform. However, no differences in either gender with regard to blood pressure or markers of cardiovascular disease and organ damage could be observed.In addition to an excessive visceral adipose tissue mass, obese subjects with enlarged adipocytes display an increased risk for developing metabolic disorders compared with individuals exhibiting smaller fat cells but a similar degree of adiposity. The insulin responsiveness in small and large adipocytes obtained from the same subject was examined. Upon insulin stimulation, we found approximately a 2 fold increase of GLUT4 at the plasma membrane in small adipocytes, whereas the large fat cells were refractory to insulin induced GLUT4 translocation. This finding demonstrates a causal relationship between the accumulation of large fat cells in obese subjects and reduced insulin responsiveness.Caloric restriction in humans ameliorates insulin responsiveness in liver and muscle prior to any substantial weight loss. By combining gene expression profiles of adipose tissue and adipocytes from human subjects undergoing either caloric restriction or overfeeding, we identified genes regulated by changes in caloric intake independent of weight loss per se. We found several genes under the control of mTOR and SREBP1 as well as genes involved in β-oxidation, liberation of fatty acids and glyceroneogenesis to be regulated during the interventions. These genes may indicate pathways and mechanisms mediating the effects of nutrient deprivation and obesity on morbidity and mortality.
|
|
| 50. |
- Franck, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Ala isoform of the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism is related to increased abdominal obesity in men but has little impact on cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes
- 2009
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The interaction of the PPARγ Pro12Ala with obesity and cardiovascular risk is controversial. We aimed to study potential associations of the Ala isoform of this polymorphism with obesity, blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular disease and organ damage in middle aged patients with type 2 diabetes.Subjects and methods: We recruited 148 women and 246 men in the CArdiovascular Risk factors in Patients with DIabetes – a Prospective study in the Primary health care setting (CARDIPP) study in which early markers of organ damage by cardiac echocardiography, determination of carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) was performed. Blood pressures were measured as both as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and as a noninvasive recording of central blood pressure. Allelic discrimination was detected with the ABI prism 7500HT Sequence Detection System. Due to the low prevalence of Ala homozygotes, heterozygotes and homozygotes of Ala were defined as Ala isoform in the analyses.Results: Men with Ala isoform exhibited higher sagittal abdominal diameter (Pro: 25.4±3.4 cm, Ala: 26.7±4.9 cm, p= 0.04) waist circumference (Pro: 104±11 cm, Ala: 108±15 cm, p= 0.046) and body weight (Pro: 91.6±14, Ala: 96.5±18, p= 0.035) than homozygotes for the Pro isoform. However, there were no differences in either gender with respect to blood pressures, left-ventricular mass-index, carotid IMT or carotid-femoral PWV in the participants.Conclusion: It is unlikely that determination of the PPARγ Pro12Ala isoform in clinic practice adds any major information on cardiovascular risk or circulatory organ damage in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
|
