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| 2. |
- Beckman, Björn, 1938-, et al.
(författare)
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Globalization, imperialism and resistance : an introduction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Globalization, imperialism and resistance. - Stockholm : Politics of Development Group (PODSU), Department of Political Science, Stockholm University. - 9789163316098 ; , s. 1-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- De la Torre-Castro, Maricela, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Fishing institutions : Addressing regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive elements to enhance fisheries management
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 34:1, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Institutional approaches in natural resource management in general and in fisheries in particular seldom address cultural aspects or social institutions like kinship. In this study, a broad institutional approach is used to investigate the institutionalization of small-scale fisheries and seaweed farming in a seagrass dominated bay in Zanzibar. Regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions and their rapid/slow moving properties are analyzed. The results show that dynamics of cooperation and conflict between different institutional elements and the balance of forces among actors are crucial to understand fisheries management dynamics. Regulations are, despite their importance, insufficient to promote sound management if they are not backed up by norms and cultural-cognitive institutions. Fisheries management would benefit by broadening the institutional perspective to increase the efficiency of management and to avoid blueprint solutions. The study shows that gaining knowledge about the wide institutional setting takes time but the investment is worth it in the long run.
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| 4. |
- de la Torre-Castro, Maricela, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Women and adaptive capacity to climate change in East African seascapes - Zanzibar as an example
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the climate crisis persists, there is a crucial need to increase knowledge on adaptive capacity and the underlying factors building it. This is particularly important for disadvantaged groups, such as coastal women in East Africa. Women's livelihoods in these seascapes are and will be more severely affected by climate change and the capacity of East African states to deal with these challenges is limited in terms of financial and human capital. In this research, we investigated the underlying factors building the adaptive capacity of coastal women in Zanzibar (Unguja Island), Tanzania. Coastal women (N=117) were interviewed in villages around the island to gather information about potential factors supporting adaptive capacity. This was analysed applying Cinner et al (2018) five domains typology for adaptive capacity, i.e. assets, flexibility, organizations, learning and agency. The results show that women had relatively low adaptive capacity, extended poverty and very high dependence on seaweed farming of red algae, a livelihood providing low income and already being seriously affected by climate variability and change. Women's observations of key variables related to environmental changes corresponded to most scientific findings. It was, however, unclear how that knowledge is useful and enhances adaptive capacity. Adaptive capacity was generally low but individual differences were found in which ten women had a high income. The results show that the factors underlying adaptive capacity are complex and interact with each other, being positive, negative and unclear. Many of the identified factors deserve future research. This study adds to the pool of knowledge by addressing women (not only men); coastal ecosystems (as land and freshwater systems are more studied) and the individual level (since most studies focus on national and community levels). The study illustrates that institutional renewal, bridging and cooperation is possible in Zanzibar bringing good news to the region.
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| 5. |
- Fröcklin, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Fish Traders as Key Actors in Fisheries : Gender and Adaptive Management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:8, s. 951-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper fills an important gap towards adaptive management of small-scale fisheries by analyzing the gender dimension of fish trade in Zanzibar, Tanzania. We hypothesize that gender-based differences are present in the fish value chain and to test the hypothesis interviews were performed to analyze: (i) markets, customers, and mobility, (ii) material and economic resources, (iii) traded fish species, (iv) contacts and organizations, and (v) perceptions and experiences. Additionally, management documents were analyzed to examine the degree to which gender is considered. Results show that women traders had less access to social and economic resources, profitable markets, and high-value fish, which resulted in lower income. These gender inequalities are linked, among others, to women’s reproductive roles such as childcare and household responsibilities. Formal fisheries management was found to be gender insensitive, showing how a crucial feedback element of adaptive management is missing in Zanzibar’s management system, i.e., knowledge about key actors, their needs and challenges.
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| 6. |
- Fröcklin, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Seaweed mariculture as a development project in Zanzibar, East Africa : A price too high to pay?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 356, s. 30-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seaweed mariculture has been promoted as a development project in tropical countries and Zanzibar, Tanzania, is commonly presented as a successful story. However, the results of the present research provide a nuanced picture of the activity identifying serious health problems among farmers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with female seaweed farmers (n=140) and non-seaweed farmers (n=140) in Zanzibar to evaluate health and working conditions. In-depth interviews with additional 28 female seaweed farmers were performed to deepen the understanding of the working conditions and related problems. The research was undertaken at seven different locations to cover areas where seaweed is extensively executed during August to September 2009 and May to June 2010. Seaweed farmers considered their health significantly poorer than non-seaweed farmers with fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, hunger, respiratory problems, eye related problems, injuries from hazardous animals and sharp shells in the water and allergies as the most serious issues (p<0.05). Income was further reported below the extreme poverty line. Since seaweed farming affects thousands of households in the tropics these results should encourage changes towards better working conditions and sustainability.
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| 10. |
- Lindskog, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic expression of a family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A due to a RET mutation at codon 618
- 2004
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 91:6, s. 713-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is caused by missense mutations in the RET proto-oncogene on chromosome 10. This paper reports the phenotypic expression of a family with MEN2A, in which serine substitutes for cysteine at codon 618 in exon 10 of the RET gene. It was first claimed that medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with this rare mutation led to mild disease; this has recently been updated to intermediate-high risk, based on stratified genetic information. METHODS: The family was mapped over six generations. In 1971 family members were invited to join a screening programme. Genetic testing was started in 1994. RESULTS: Twenty-two individuals with MTC were identified, 16 by the screening programme. One screened patient had a phaeochromocytoma and four had hyperparathyroidism. At surgery for MTC 12 patients had local tumour metastases and two young patients also had liver metastases. No screened patient died from MTC during a mean observation time of 19 years. Six other family members were diagnosed with MTC by signs and symptoms, five of whom died from MTC. CONCLUSION: Because of the great interindividual differences in tumour aggressiveness within the family it is impossible to predict whether an individual gene carrier will have an aggressive MTC or not. This unpredictability is an additional argument, besides those obtained in stratified genetic studies, for operating on gene carriers at young age.
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| 14. |
- Lindström, Lars, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Governability in Small-Scale Fisheries in Zanzibar, Tanzania : From Self-Governance to Co-governance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319170336 - 9783319170343 ; , s. 671-686
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter highlights some governance challenges in small-scale fisheries in the East African region using the case of Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. In this case, self-governance processes involve strong normative and cultural-cognitive aspects that have underpinned de facto management actions and blocked other options towards sustainability. The conflict level between the villages in the Bay is very high and there is a need to address how the system may move from self-governance and conflict to co-governance and cooperation. The chapter focuses on the governance interactions between the state and the fishing villages as well as the state’s failed attempts to break unsustainable self-governance. It identifies the role that the state has played to promote co-management and participation, as well as highlights changing legislation and conservation in the area. What went wrong with these strategies and why? Who and with what method does the capacity for dynamic, interactive governance develop? Who co-ordinates interactions across different identities, interests, and different spatio-temporal scales, and how? Who establishes a common world view for action, and how? Which institution functions as a court of appeal for disputes arising within and over interactive governance?
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| 18. |
- Pike, Felicity, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic livelihoods, gender and poverty in marine protected areas : Case study from Zanzibar, Tanzania
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts.
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| 19. |
- Wolfbrandt, A, et al.
(författare)
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What are we waiting for? Analyses of factors influencing cold ischemia time.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2623 .- 0041-1345. ; 42:10, s. 4436-4437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Cold ischemia time (CIT) influences long-term graft survival after deceased donor (DD) kidney transplantation. The aim of the present study was to identify factors that influenced CIT at our institution, seeking to lay ground for improvement. Patients and Methods Patients who underwent DD kidney transplantations from November 2008 to April 2009 were included in the study. In a prospective protocol the times for various events were registered. The 40 DD kidney transplantations included 26 “paired” kidneys from the same donor and 14 “single” kidneys. Results The mean CIT was 15.2 hours ± 4.2 hours (range, 7.0–23.9). “First kidney” was 13.3 hours ± 3.4 versus 19.2 ± 2.8 hours for the “second kidney” (P < .001). The waiting time for the operating room (OR) was 2.4 hours (range, 0–12 hours). Twenty-five percent of the patients waited more than 4 hours. Patients arriving at the hospital at the same time as or before the kidney retrieval showed a CIT of 13.4 ± 3.9 hours compared with 17.4 ± 3.4 hours for patients that arrived after the retrieved kidney (P < .01). Conclusion We identified factors influencing CIT that could lay the foundation for improvement. An extended cooperation and exchange with another transplantation unit for the “second kidney” could reduce the CIT. To reduce the waiting time for OR at the hospital to less than 2 hours and to get the recipient into the hospital before the kidney arrives are efforts that could reduce CIT.
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