| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, 1971-
(författare)
-
Forensic taphonomy in an indoor setting : Implications for estimation of the post-mortem interval
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to determine if and how taphonomic data can be used to expand our knowledge concerning the decompositional process in an indoor setting, as well as adapting scoring-based methods for quantification of human decomposition, to increase the precision of post-mortem interval (PMI) estimates.In the first paper, the established methods of Total Body Score (TBS) and Accumulated Degree-Days (ADD) were investigated in an indoor setting, with results indicating a fairly low precision. The PMI was often underestimated in cases with desiccation and overestimated in cases with presence of insect activity. This suggests that the TBS method needs to be slightly modified to better reflect the indoor decompositional process.In the second paper, a novel method for PMI estimation was developed using histological assessment of decompositional changes in the human liver. The scoring-based method created, the Hepatic Decomposition Score, was a statistically robust way to quantify the degree of decomposition, with the potential to improve the precision of PMI estimates.In the third paper, the indoor decomposition process was further investigated regarding microbial neoformation of volatiles in relation to the degree of decomposition and the PMI. A higher decomposition degree was observed in cases with neoformation (i.e., presence of N-propanol and/or 1-butanol in femoral vein blood) than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may be an indicator of decomposition rate, which may make it possible to improve the precision of PMI estimates based on the TBS/ADD method.In the fourth paper, a novel constructed Bayesian framework allowed a qualified estimate of PMI based on observed taphonomic findings. This framework provided a unique possibility to report results, express the uncertainties in assumptions and calculations, as well as to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding PMI periods or time of death.Taken as a whole, the results indicate that using taphonomic data derived from an indoor setting could improve scoring-based methods, as well as highlighting benefits of incorporating such data into a Bayesian framework for interpretational purposes and for reporting PMI estimates.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantifying human decomposition in an indoor setting and implications for postmortem interval estimation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 283, s. 180-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study's objective is to obtain accuracy and precision in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) for decomposing human remains discovered in indoor settings. Data were collected prospectively from 140 forensic cases with a known date of death, scored according to the Total Body Score (TBS) scale at the post-mortem examination. In our model setting, it is estimated that, in cases with or without the presence of blowfly larvae, approximately 45% or 66% respectively, of the variance in TBS can be derived from Accumulated Degree-Days (ADD). The precision in estimating ADD/PMI from TBS is, in our setting, moderate to low. However, dividing the cases into defined subgroups suggests the possibility to increase the precision of the model. Our findings also suggest a significant seasonal difference with concomitant influence on TBS in the complete data set, possibly initiated by the presence of insect activity mainly during summer. PMI may be underestimated in cases with presence of desiccation. Likewise, there is a need for evaluating the effect of insect activity, to avoid overestimating the PMI. Our data sample indicates that the scoring method might need to be slightly modified to better reflect indoor decomposition, especially in cases with insect infestations or/and extensive desiccation. When applying TBS in an indoor setting, the model requires distinct inclusion criteria and a defined population.
|
|
| 4. |
- Conte, Helen, et al.
(författare)
-
Facilitating interprofessional learning: experiences of using a digital activity for training handover of critically ill patients between a primary health care centre and ambulance services : A qualitative study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore students' and facilitators' experiences of using a developed digital activity for interprofessional learning (IPL) focusing on critically ill patient handovers from a primary healthcare (PHC) centre to the ambulance service.DESIGN: A qualitative study design was employed, and the reporting of this study adheres to the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines for qualitative studies.SETTING: A PHC centre and the ambulance service in Stockholm, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 31 participants were included in the study: 22 students from five different healthcare professions, seven facilitators and two observers.INTERVENTION: A digital IPL activity was developed to overcome geographical distances, and the scenario included the handover of a critically ill patient from personnel within the PHC centre to the ambulance service personnel for transport to an emergency department. Four digital IPL activities were conducted in 2021.RESULTS: The digital IPL activity eliminated the issue of geographical distance for students and facilitators, and it enabled the students to find an interprofessional model for collaboration through reasoning, by communicating and sharing knowledge with the support of a common structure. Participants perceived the digital IPL activity and scenario as authentic, feasible and facilitated IPL. Using a case with an acute and life-threatening condition was a success factor for students to experience high realism in their IPL on patient safety, handover, care and treatment.CONCLUSION: The developed digital IPL activity facilitated the students' IPL and demonstrated potential sustainability as the digital approach supported overcoming geographical distances for both students and facilitators. By using a scenario involving an authentic case focusing on handovers of a critically ill patient, IPL, feasibility and acceptability were supported. However, it is crucial to emphasise that a comprehensive evaluation, both quantitative and qualitative, over an extended period of clinical rotations and involving a larger group of students is still warranted to ensure continuous improvement and development.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Erlström, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Stratigraphy and geothermal assessment of Mesozoic sandstone reservoirs in the Öresund Basin - exemplified by well data and seismic profiles
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. - 0011-6297. ; 66, s. 123-149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Øresund Basin in the transnational area between Sweden and Denmark forms a marginal part of the Danish Basin. The structural outline and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic succession is described, and a novel interpretation and description of the subsurface geology and geothermal potential in the North Sjælland Half-graben is presented. The subsurface bedrock in the basin includes several Mesozoic intervals with potential geothermal sandstone reservoirs. Parts of the succession fulfill specific geological requirements about distribution, composition and quality of the sandstones. A characterisation of these is presently of great interest in the attempt to identify geothermal reservoirs suitable for district heating purposes. The results presented in this paper include for the first time a comprehensive description of the stratigraphic intervals as well as the characteristics of the potential Mesozoic geothermal reservoirs in the Øresund region, including their distribution, composition and physical properties. This is illustrated by seismic cross-sections and well sections. In addition, results from analyses and evaluations of porosity, permeability, formation fluids and temperature are presented. Six potential geothermal reservoirs in the Mesozoic succession are described and assessed. Primary focus is placed on the characteristics of the reservoirs in the Lower Triassic and Rhaetian–Lower Jurassic succession. The study shows that the Mesozoic reservoir sandstones vary considerably with respect to porosity and permeability. Values range between 5–25% for the pre-Rhaetian Triassic sandstones, but are commonly > 25% for the Rhaetian–Lower Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sandstones. The corresponding permeability rarely reaches above 500 mD for the pre-Rhaetian Triassic reservoirs, but often reach >1 Darcy for the Rhaetian–Lower Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous sandstones. The interpreted formation temperatures for the reservoirs in the Øresund Basin are: 45–50°C at 1500 m, 60–70°C at 2000 m and 70–90°C at 2500 m depth . The combined results provide a geological framework for making site specific predictions regarding appraisal of viable geothermal projects for district heating purposes in the region as well as reducing the risk of unsuccessful wells
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Guy-Ohlson, Dorothy, et al.
(författare)
-
Paleoecology of the Early Permian strata at heimefrontfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Antarctic Science. - 1365-2079. ; 6:4, s. 507-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palaeopalynological studies form an integral part of the geological investigation of the Late Paleozoic sedimentary history of Dronning Maud Land. During the examination of organic residues prepared from different localities at Heimefrontfjella, the freshwater green alga Botryococcus was found. Exceptionally well-preserved colonies of Botryococcus were recorded in several samples at two sections of Early Permian age, Lidkvarvet and Locality A, These colonies vary in form and stage of development. By analogy with observations on recent material the following palaeoecological conclusions are drawn: 1)varying environmental and climatic conditions over a length of time existed at Lidkvarvet, and 2) very short ephemeral aquatic conditions existed intermittently at Locality A.
|
|
| 9. |
- He, Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
Cause-specific mortality in women with breast cancer in situ
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term mortality remains unknown in women diagnosed with breast cancer in situ (BCIS). Here, we assessed the cause-specific mortality in BCIS patients. This population-based cohort study included 12,243 women diagnosed with BCIS in Sweden between 1980 and 2011. Patients were followed until death, emigration, or 31 December 2013, whichever came first. The 30-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer-specific mortality was 6.3%, which is considerably lower than 49.7% observed for other-cause mortality. Women diagnosed with BCIS were more likely to die from breast cancer (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 3.85; 95% CI, 3.47-4.27) but less likely to die from cardiovascular disease (SMR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95) than women in the general population. Specifically, the SMRs for breast cancer-specific mortality decreased over time from 5.19 (95% CI, 3.95-6.81) among BCIS diagnosed during 1980-1989 to 3.03 (95% CI, 2.35-3.91) among those diagnosed during 2000-2011. Furthermore, higher risk of death from other causes was seen among those with older age at BCIS diagnosis, lower levels of education, nulliparity, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, and being hospitalized before BCIS diagnosis; whereas, lower risk of death from breast cancer was seen among BCIS diagnosed in the later time period and those with younger age at first birth. We conclude that most women diagnosed with BCIS die from causes other than breast cancer, which highlights the need for actions not only to reduce nonbreast cancer mortality but also to identify patient where extensive curative BCIS treatment is not adding to survival.
|
|
| 10. |
- Henricson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
You and I in Sweden-Swedish and Finland-Swedish supervision meetings
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Pluricentric languages. - Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang Publishing Group. - 9783631664339 ; , s. 127-139
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study of pronouns used in Sweden-Swedish and Finland-Swedish supervision meetings. In both countries, supervisors use similar sets of pronouns when commenting on an academic essay written by a student. Often, the supervisor addresses the student directly, e.g. but you could write x, or uses an indefinite pronoun, e.g. perhaps one could simply write x. Sometimes, the supervisor makes suggestions while referring to herself as a writer, e.g. I would write x. The supervisor may also use an inclusive we-authorship, e.g. well we cannot write x. This use of we is predominantly found in the Sweden-Swedish data. In relation to politeness strategies, our analysis indicates that pronouns appear in a more direct and clear-cut way (cf. respect strategies) in Finland-Swedish, and with a stronger focus on creating common ground and fostering group membership (cf. solidarity strategies) in Sweden-Swedish. Throughout, we point to differences and similarities between the dominant and the non-dominant variety of Swedish.
|
|
| 11. |
- Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Shocked quartz in distal ejecta from the Ries impact event (Germany) found at ~ 180 km distance, near Bernhardzell, eastern Switzerland
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impact ejecta formation and emplacement is of great importance when it comes to understanding the process of impact cratering and consequences of impact events in general. Here we present a multidisciplinary investigation of a distal impact ejecta layer, the Blockhorizont, that occurs near Bernhardzell in eastern Switzerland. We provide unambiguous evidence that this layer is impact-related by confirming the presence of shocked quartz grains exhibiting multiple sets of planar deformation features. Average shock pressures recorded by the quartz grains are ~ 19 GPa for the investigated sample. U–Pb dating of zircon grains from bentonites in close stratigraphic context allows us to constrain the depositional age of the Blockhorizont to ~ 14.8 Ma. This age, in combination with geochemical and paleontological analysis of ejecta particles, is consistent with deposition of this material as distal impact ejecta from the Ries impact structure, located ~ 180 km away, in Germany. Our observations are important for constraining models of impact ejecta emplacement as ballistically and non-ballistically transported fragments, derived from vastly different depths in the pre-impact target, occur together within the ejecta layer. These observations make the Ries ejecta one of the most completely preserved ejecta deposit on Earth for an impact structure of that size.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hultgren, Frances, et al.
(författare)
-
Forskningsprojektet KUMBA och Barnens kulturrum
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Mötesplats Borås: Profession, Forskning. 19-20 oktober 2011, Högskolan i Borås. - : Högskolan i Borås: Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barn och unga framhålls i handlingsprogram och styrdokument ofta som prioriterade grupper, där inte minst rättigheterna för barn med funktionshinder och med annan bakgrund än den svenska framhålls. Barnbibliotek, museer och kulturskolor finns i alla kommuner och erbjuder verksamheter och upplevelser för barn. Men det sker få utvärderingar och uppföljningar av dessa verksamheter och projekt. Det saknas i stor utsträckning forskning om barn och unga som kulturkonsumenter och kulturskapare, något som uppmärksammats av såväl forskare och praktiker som politiker på regional och kommunal nivå (Rydsjö & Elf 2007). I regionala och kommunala handlingsprogram framhålls vikten av barns och ungas tillgång till kulturupplevelser och att unga ska ha verklig möjlighet till inflytande och delaktighet. (VGR 2008; 2009; Borås Stad 2004). Barns delaktighet utgör ett nytt och snabbt växande forskningsområde (Christensen & James 2000; Mayall 2002; Brembeck et al., 2010), men ännu saknas studier om barns och ungas delaktighet i kulturverksamheter (Maceviciute et al., 2009).
|
|
| 13. |
- Håkansson, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
-
Ungdomar talar om språk : en folklingvistisk studie
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning 33 : [SvB.] 33, Förhandlingar vid trettiotredje sammankomsten för svenskans beskrivning, Helsingfors den 15-17 maj 2013 - [SvB.] 33, Förhandlingar vid trettiotredje sammankomsten för svenskans beskrivning, Helsingfors den 15-17 maj 2013. - 1795-4428. - 9789515101204 - 9789515101211 ; 37, s. 151-161
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sedan 1963 har det vid olika universitet i Sverige och Finland regelbundet anordnats sammankomster för svenskans beskrivning. Vid dessa har forskningsresultat som rör svenska språkets uppbyggnad och användning presenterats och diskuterats.Den trettiotredje sammankomsten ägde rum i Helsingfors den 15–17 maj 2013. Konferensens tema var ”Svenska som pluricentriskt språk”, dvs. ett språk med flera nationella centrum eller normcentrum. Utöver detta tema behandlade föredragen en bredd av ämnen, som text- och genreanalys, språklig variation, språkinlärning, översättning och grammatik. I denna volym publiceras två av plenarföredragen och 48 av sektionsföredragen.Som värd för konferensen stod Finska, finskugriska och nordiska institutionen vid Helsingfors universitet.
|
|
| 14. |
- Jakobsson, Sofie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Health status and most distressing concerns at admission and discharge reported by patients cared for at an internal medical care ward
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318. ; 32:3, s. 1168-1178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTo promote patients' ability to regain health during hospitalisation, care should not only focus on disease but also on how patients perceive health. There is a lack of studies on how patients admitted for inpatients care perceive their health. AimTo investigate self-reported health at admission and discharge perceived by patients admitted to an internal medicine ward; and, further, to explore the most distressing concerns at admission and discharge and the factors that influence low health status at discharge. Designs and methodsOne hundred and forty-seven patients completed EQ-5D and an open-ended question What concerns distress you the most?' at admission and discharge. Descriptive, parametric and nonparametric analyses were used. Subset analyses were performed between three groups based on health change. Factors influencing low health status at discharge were tested in a logistic regression. To analyse most distressing concerns, an inductive content analysis was performed. ResultsThere was a significant increase in self-rated health for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. At discharge, 50% was identified with improved and 30% with unaltered health. Twenty per cent reported a significant deterioration of health and had the highest frequency of severe problems in all EQ-5D dimensions. Several patients left hospital with distressing symptoms, uncertainty and concerns that had persisted throughout their hospitalisation. Vulnerable patients were characterised by an acute admission, unemployment and longer hospitalisation. Low EQ VAS at admission predicted poor health at discharge. ConclusionsMany patients had low health status at admission. For some, this did not improve during hospital stay, and for some, it got worse. Our findings highlight a group, whose care can be improved, through information, support and follow-up routines within and outside the hospital. Identifying these patients, efforts to better support patients in their self-care, including relief of pain and worries, at discharge can be established.
|
|
| 15. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
|
|
| 16. |
- Johnson, Randi K., et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolite-related dietary patterns and the development of islet autoimmunity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of diet in type 1 diabetes development is poorly understood. Metabolites, which reflect dietary response, may help elucidate this role. We explored metabolomics and lipidomics differences between 352 cases of islet autoimmunity (IA) and controls in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. We created dietary patterns reflecting pre-IA metabolite differences between groups and examined their association with IA. Secondary outcomes included IA cases positive for multiple autoantibodies (mAb+). The association of 853 plasma metabolites with outcomes was tested at seroconversion to IA, just prior to seroconversion, and during infancy. Key compounds in enriched metabolite sets were used to create dietary patterns reflecting metabolite composition, which were then tested for association with outcomes in the nested case-control subset and the full TEDDY cohort. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, glucosylceramides, and phospholipid ethers in infancy were inversely associated with mAb+ risk, while dicarboxylic acids were associated with an increased risk. An infancy dietary pattern representing higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phospholipid ethers, and lower sphingomyelins was protective for mAb+ in the nested case-control study only. Characterization of this high-risk infant metabolomics profile may help shape the future of early diagnosis or prevention efforts. © 2019, The Author(s).
|
|
| 17. |
- Jönsson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Determination of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole on ng L-1 to pg L-1 levels in wine by soild-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1111:1, s. 71-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) method using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the determination of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) in wine at low ng L−1 levels was developed. A robust SPME method was developed by optimizing several different parameters, including type of fiber, salt addition, sample volume, extraction and desorption time. The quantification limit for TCA and TBA in wine was lowered substantially using GC-HRMS in combination with the optimized SPME method and allowed the detection of low analyte concentrations (ng L−1) with good accuracy. Limits of quantification for red wine of 0.3 ng L−1 for TCA and 0.2 ng L−1 for TBA with gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry and 0.03 ng L−1 for TCA and TBA were achieved using GC-HRMS. The method was applied to 30 wines of which 4 wines were sensorically qualified as cork defected. TCA was found in three of these wines with concentrations in the range 2–25 ng L−1. TBA was not detected in any of the samples.
|
|
| 18. |
- Krischer, Jeffrey P, et al.
(författare)
-
Predicting Islet Cell Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes : An 8-Year TEDDY Study Progress Report
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 42:6, s. 1051-1060
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the predictive power of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)-identified risk factors for islet autoimmunity (IA), the type of autoantibody appearing first, and type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 7,777 children were followed from birth to a median of 9.1 years of age for the development of islet autoantibodies and progression to T1D. Time-dependent sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to provide estimates of their individual and collective ability to predict IA and T1D.RESULTS: HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others) was the best predictor for IA (Youden's index J = 0.117) and single nucleotide polymorphism rs2476601, in PTPN22, was the best predictor for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) appearing first (IAA-first) (J = 0.123). For GAD autoantibodies (GADA)-first, weight at 1 year was the best predictor (J = 0.114). In a multivariate model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.678 (95% CI 0.655, 0.701), 0.707 (95% CI 0.676, 0.739), and 0.686 (95% CI 0.651, 0.722) for IA, IAA-first, and GADA-first, respectively, at 6 years. The AUC of the prediction model for T1D at 3 years after the appearance of multiple autoantibodies reached 0.706 (95% CI 0.649, 0.762).CONCLUSIONS: Prediction modeling statistics are valuable tools, when applied in a time-until-event setting, to evaluate the ability of risk factors to discriminate between those who will and those who will not get disease. Although significantly associated with IA and T1D, the TEDDY risk factors individually contribute little to prediction. However, in combination, these factors increased IA and T1D prediction substantially.
|
|
| 19. |
- Kvarnemo, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Fish ART & sperm performance
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In species with alternative reproductive tactics (ART), parasitically spawning males have larger testes and greater sperm numbers as an evolved response to a higher degree of sperm competition. But do they also have higher sperm performance? We used sand gobies to test if it differs between breeding-coloured and sneaker-morph males. We compared sperm motility, velocity, longevity, morphometrics and gene expression of testes between the two morphs. We found 109 transcripts differentially expressed between the morphs. Notably, several mucin genes were upregulated in breeding-coloured males and two ATP-related genes were upregulated in sneaker-morph males. There was partial evidence of higher sperm velocity in sneaker-morph males, but no difference in sperm motility. Sand gobies have remarkably long-lived sperm, with almost no decline in motility and velocity over 22 hours, but again, this was equally true for both morphs. Sperm length did not differ between morphs and did not correlate with sperm velocity for either morph. Thus, other than a clear difference in testes gene expression, we found only modest differences between the two male morphs, confirming previous findings that increased sperm performance as an adaptation to sperm competition does not appear to be a primary target of evolution.
|
|
| 20. |
- Lantto, Reid, et al.
(författare)
-
Revising the Self-Harm Antipathy Scale : validation among staff in psychiatric healthcare in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:6, s. 429-438
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Self-Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS) is a questionnaire designed to measure nurses’ attitudes towards self-harm. This can be useful to improve the quality of care provided to individuals who self-harm. Aim: The purpose of this study was to revise and adapt the SHAS for use in Sweden and evaluate the psychometric properties of this Swedish version (Self-Harm Antipathy Scale–Swedish Revised; SHAS-SR). Methods: A sample of 596 employees within psychiatric healthcare was recruited (from a total of 3507, response rate 17.0%), the majority encountering self-harming individuals regularly at work. Participants completed the SHAS-SR questionnaire along with a scale assessing community attitudes towards individuals with mental illness (New CAMI-S). The sample was randomly split in half (n = 298 each). Exploratory factor analysis was performed on one subsample and confirmatory on the other. Confirmatory factor analysis on the original SHAS model, and convergent validity testing against New CAMI-S, used the whole sample. Results: The final version of the SHAS-SR included 17 items forming three factors. Convergent validity was established (r = −0.57, ρ = −0.48, p < 0.001). The SHAS-SR and all its subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.73–0.79, ω = 0.78–0.79). Conclusion: This study indicates that the SHAS-SR is reliable and valid when assessing attitudes towards self-harm among a sample of Swedish psychiatric healthcare staff. The scale could be useful for assessing the impact of attitude interventions to improve healthcare services. It may, however, have limited applicability for staff not working in caring roles.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Lee, Myeongjee, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in survival for patients with familial and sporadic cancer
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family history of cancer is a well-known risk factor but the role of family history in survival is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between family history and cancer survival for the common cancers in Sweden. Using the Swedish population-based registers, patients diagnosed with the most common cancers were followed for cancer-specific death during 1991-2010. We used multivariate proportional hazards (Cox) regression models to contrast the survival of patients with a family history of cancer (individuals whose parent or sibling had a concordant cancer) to the survival of patients without a family history. Family history of cancer had a modest protective effect on survival for breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.81 to 0.96) and prostate cancer (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.90). In contrast, family history of cancer was associated with worse survival for nervous system cancers (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.47) and ovarian cancer (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.43). Furthermore, the poorer survival for ovarian cancer was consistent with a higher FIGO stage and a greater proportion of more aggressive tumors of the serous type. The better survival for patients with a family history of breast and prostate cancer may be due to medical surveillance of family members. The poor survival for ovarian cancer patients with an affected mother or sister is multifactorial, suggesting that these cancers are more aggressive than their sporadic counterparts.
|
|
| 23. |
- Li, Jingmei, et al.
(författare)
-
Breast cancer genetic risk profile is differentially associated with interval and screen-detected breast cancers
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0923-7534. ; 26:3, s. 517-522
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Polygenic risk profiles computed from multiple common susceptibility alleles for breast cancer have been shown to identify women at different levels of breast cancer risk. We evaluated whether this genetic risk stratification can also be applied to discriminate between screen-detected and interval cancers, which are usually associated with clinicopathological and survival differences. Patients and methods: A 77-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed for breast cancer overall and by estrogen-receptor (ER) status. PRS was inspected as a continuous (per standard deviation increment) variable in a case-only design. Modification of the PRS by mammographic density was evaluated by fitting an additional interaction term. Results: PRS weighted by breast cancer overall estimates was found to be differentially associated with 1,865 screen-detected and 782 interval cancers in the LIBRO-1 study (age-adjusted ORperSD [95% confidence interval]=0.91 [0.83-0.99], p=0.023). The association was found to be more significant for PRS weighted by ER-positive breast cancer estimates (ORperSD=0.90 [0.82-0.98], p=0.011). This result was corroborated by two independent studies (combined ORperSD=0.87 [0.76-1.00], p=0.058) with no evidence of heterogeneity. When enriched for “true” interval cancers among nondense breasts, the difference in the association with PRS in screen-detected and interval cancers became more pronounced (ORperSD=0.74 [0.62-0.89], p=0.001), with a significant interaction effect between PRS and mammographic density (pinteraction=0.017). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report looking into the genetic differences between screendetected and interval cancers. It is an affirmation that the two types of breast cancer may have unique underlying biology.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Lindgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Theropod dinosaur teeth from the lowermost Cretaceous Rabekke Formation on Bornholm, Denmark
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Geobios. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-6995. ; 41:2, s. 253-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dinosaur fauna of the palynologically dated lower Berriasian Skyttegard Member of the Rabekke Formation on the Baltic island of Bornholm, Denmark, is represented by isolated tooth crowns. The assemblage is restricted to small maniraptoran theropods, assigned to the Dromaeosauridae incertae sedis and Maniraptora incertae sedis. The dromaeosaurid teeth are characterized by their labiolingually compressed and distally curved crowns that are each equipped with a lingually flexed mesial carina and a distinctly denticulated distal cutting edge. A morphologically aberrant tooth crown (referred to as Maniraptora incertae sedis) has triangular denticles of uneven width, a feature occasionally found in Upper Cretaceous hesperornithiform toothed diving birds, but also in premaxillary teeth of the velociraptorine Nuthetes from the Lower Cretaceous of England.
|
|
| 26. |
- Lindström, Kai, et al.
(författare)
-
Sperm adaptation in relation to salinity in three goby species
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In externally fertilizing species, the gametes of both males and females are exposed to the influences of the environment into which they are released. Sperm are sensitive to abiotic factors such as salinity, but they are also affected by biotic factors such as sperm competition. In this study, the authors compared the performance of sperm of three goby species, the painted goby, Pomatoschistus pictus, the two-spotted goby, Pomatoschistus flavescens, and the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus. These species differ in their distributions, with painted goby having the narrowest salinity range and sand goby the widest. Moreover, data from paternity show that the two-spotted goby experiences the least sperm competition, whereas in the sand goby sperm competition is ubiquitous. The authors took sperm samples from dissected males and exposed them to high salinity water (31 PSU) representing the North Sea and low salinity water (6 PSU) representing the brackish Baltic Sea Proper. They then used computer-assisted sperm analysis to measure the proportion of motile sperm and sperm swimming speed 10 min and 20 h after sperm activation. The authors found that sperm performance depended on salinity, but there seemed to be no relationship to the species' geographical distribution in relation to salinity range. The species differed in the proportion of motile sperm, but there was no significant decrease in sperm motility during 20 h. The sand goby was the only species with motile sperm after 72 h.
|
|
| 27. |
- Lindström, Linda Sofie
(författare)
-
Population-based family studies : genetic contribution to cancer development and survival?
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cancer affects essentially everyone, directly or indirectly. The aim of this thesis was to study the genetic and environmental factors in cancer development and survival. Our studies were based on a record linkage between several Swedish population-based registries, principally the Multi-Generation Register, which records familial relationships, the Swedish Cancer Registry, and the Cause of Death Registry. In summary, the Swedish Family-Cancer database comprised over 11 million individuals organized into around three million families, including more than one million cancers. In study I, we developed a generalized linear mixed model, enabling analyses of genetic and environmental effects in two- and three-generational families, considering all relationships in a family at once avoiding pairwise analyses of dependent family members. The two- and three-generational family design resulted in similar genetic and environmental estimates. In the two-generational families, no noteworthy differences were observed correcting for the unequal follow-up time in parents and children. Further, in our second study, the genetic contribution to melanoma was estimated at 18% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]=13% to 22%) in the analysis of all body sites. Contrasting the family-shared environment in sun-covered and sun-exposed body sites, the contribution was higher in covered sites, possibly conveying the benefit from cautious sunbathing on sensitive skin. The estimated childhood-shared environment for both melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) elucidated the impact of sun habits and the avoidance of risk inflicted sunburns during infancy and youth. Moreover, in SCC, the familial shared environment at 18% (95% CI=16% to 19%) is important in defining the susceptibility to the disease. Genetic variability in individuals enhancing sensitivity to accumulated sun exposure will most probably also be involved in the aetiology. Finally, we propose that genetic factors are vital in the common liability to both melanoma and SCC. We estimated that 47% (95% CI=43% to 51%) of the susceptibility was estimated to be attributed to genetic factors. It has been established that genetic variability influences the susceptibility to cancer; still little is known about the inheritance of cancer survival. In study III and IV, we present the first population-based comprehensive analyses of cancer survival concordance among family members. In study III, we noted a significantly increased risk of poor survival in children with poor parental survival compared to the risk in children with good parental survival in colorectal cancer (Hazard Ratio [HR]=1.44, 95% CI=1.01 to 2.01), lung cancer (HR=1.39, 95% CI=1.00 to 1.94), breast cancer (HR=1.75, 95% CI=1.13 to 2.71), ovarian cancer (HR=2.23, 95% CI=0.78 to 6.34) and prostate cancer (HR=2.07, 95% CI=1.13 to 3.79). All hazard ratio estimates, except for ovarian cancer, were statistically significant with trends of increasing risk of death among offspring by degree of survival outcome among parents. In study IV, lung cancer survival in children was associated with the lung cancer survival in their parents with a decreased hazard ratio for death in children with good parental survival (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.71, 95% CI=0.51 to 0.99), compared to those with poor parental survival. We also found a strong protective effect (HR=0.14, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.65) for siblings, while no effect was seen on spouse survival. Genetic background of an individual may be more important than lifestyle factors such as smoking in lung cancer survival. The very strong protective effect in siblings compared to parent-child pairs further suggests a possible recessive pathway of inheritance. In light of study III and IV, we propose that genetic background is of importance in foreseeing an individual s cancer specific survival. In conclusion, genetic factors are vital in the familial aggregation of melanoma in addition to the co-aggregation of melanoma and SCC. The ability to fight cancer disease and survive may also be inherited. In the future, I envision that population-based studies will help in identification of genetic variation influencing both the liability to cancer disease development and subsequent survival.
|
|
| 28. |
- Lindström, Sofie
(författare)
-
Carboniferous palynology of the Loppa High Barents Sea, Norway
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. - 1502-5322. ; 83:4, s. 333-349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine palynological intervals, A-I in ascending order, are recognised in the Carboniferous succession of the well 7120/2-1 on the Loppa High in the western Barents Sea. Within the Billefjorden Group intervals A-E are correlated with the early Visean to Serpukhovian Pu to TK Miospore Zones of western Europe. The known sedimentation break between the Billefjorden and Gipsdalen groups occurred in the Serpukhovian, as interval G of the lower part of the Gipsdalen Group is equivalent to the late Serpukhovian SO Miospore Zone. Lycospora pusilla and Densosporites spp. dominate these assemblages, indicating humid conditions. The topmost interval I correlates with early Moscovian palynofloras of the Arctic. It is at the oldest equivalent with the NJ Miospore Zone. Assemblages within this interval are dominated by the monosaccate pollen Florinites and Potonieisporites, with abundant taeniate and non-taeniate bisaccate pollen, indicating deposition under a dry climatic regime.
|
|
| 29. |
- Lindström, Sofie
(författare)
-
Early-Late Permian palynostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - 0034-6667. ; 86:1-2, s. 157-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The preliminary results of a palynological investigation of 62 samples from the southern section of a sedimentary sequence exposed at Fossilryggen in the Vestfjella mountain range in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica are reported. The sequence, which is cut by dolerite dykes, is considered to have been deposited in a near-shore marine environment. Palynomorphs recovered show high degrees of thermal alteration and various states of preservation; 55 palynomorph taxa have been identified, including the stratigraphically important Didecitriletes ericianus, Microbaculispora villosa, M. trisina, Horriditriletes filiformis, Praecolpatites sinuosus, Weylandites lucifer, Protohaploxypinus rugatus, Striatopodocarpidites cancellatus and S. fusus. Also present are acritarchs, such as Peltacystia venosa, P. monile and Circulisporites sp., and prasinophycean algae, such as Cymatiosphaera gondwanensis. Palaeobiogeographically the palynoflora is typical for southern Gondwanaland and it is correlated primarily with assemblages of similar composition in Antarctica, South Africa and Australia. Comparisons are also made with assemblages from the northern margins of Gondwanaland and Eurameria, with which palynostratigraphical correlations are more difficult. No typical Euramerian taxa have been found in the palynoflora from Fossilryggen, which is assessed as no older than Australian Lower Stage 5b and 5c assemblages and is considered to be of early Late Permian (Ufimian) age.
|
|
| 30. |
- Lindström, Sofie
(författare)
-
Early Permian palynostratigraphy of the northern Heimefrontfjella mountain range, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - 0034-6667. ; 89:3-4, s. 359-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Permian rocks from five localities in the northern Heimefrontfjella have been investigated palynologically and identifiable palynomorphs are present in samples from three of them, namely A and C in Milorgfjella and Lidkvarvet in Sivorgfjella. Eighty palynomorph taxa are recognized and two new combinations are proposed, Converrucosisporites gradegranulatus (Anderson) Lindstrom, comb, nov, and Cannanoropollis bilateralis (Tiwari) Lindstrom, comb. nov. Seventeen taxa are placed in open nomenclature. The assemblages from Locality A and Lidkvarvet are moderately well-preserved, taxonomically diverse, and are indicative of palynofloras deposited in periglacial, cold-climate, freshwater environments. They contain many typical Early Permian Gondwana taxa such as: lycopod spores Jayantisporites pseudozonatus and J. conatus; pterophyte spores Leiotriletes spp., Microbaculispora tentula, Horriditriletes spp., Verrucosisporites andersonii, Cyclogranisporites spp. and Punctatisporites gretensis; and gymnospermous pollen-grains Plicatipollenites spp., Cannanoropollis spp., Scheuringipollenites spp., Pteruchipollenites gracilis, Protohaploxypinus spp. and Cycadopites cymbatus. The presence of these: along with the pterophyte spore Pseudoreticulatisport a confluens enables correlation with the P. confluens Zone or Late Stage 2 of Australia and equivalents in other Gondwana continents, indicating an Asselian-Tastubian age for these two localities. Assemblages assigned to the Pseudoreticulatispora confluens Zone have previously not been encountered within Antarctica. The assemblage from Locality C is poorly preserved with low taxonomic diversity, and contains only one species which is not present in the assemblages from the other two localities, namely Microbaculispora trisina. This suggests correlation with the M. trisina zone or Stage 3b palynofloras of Australia and equivalents elsewhere in Gondwana, and an age no older than Artinskian.
|
|
| 31. |
- Lindström, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Intraspecific variation of taeniate bisaccate pollen within permian glossopterid sporangia, from the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica
- 1997
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Plant Sciences. - 1058-5893. ; 158:5, s. 673-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Permineralized sporangia from Late Permian sediments of the Amery Group in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica, are assigned to Arberiella sp. cf A. africana Pant ana Nautiyal. These sporangia contain between 2000 and 3000 taeniate, saccate pollen grains that are predominantly haploxylonoid bisaccate and referable to the palynotaxon Protohaploxypinus limpidus (Balme and Hennelly) Balme and Flayford. However, the sporangia also contain greater than 4% of diploxylonoid bisaccate forms comparable to Striatopodocarpidites cancellatus (Balme and Hennelly) Hart 1963, together with sporadic monosaccate and trisaccate grains that, if found dispersed, would be assigned to several different pollen form genera. Morphometric analysis of in situ bisaccate pollen grains and taeniate bisaccate pollen in the dispersed palynoflora indicates that in situ grains occupy only the smaller end of the total size range. The tendency for in situ grains to cluster into two different size groups may reflect differential predispersal expansion of the corpus. The in situ pollen grains are variable in most qualitative and quantitative features used for taxonomic discrimination of dispersed taeniate bisaccate pollen, and this may lead to unreliable estimates of Late Permian floristic diversity if an overly restrictive species delimitation scheme is used.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Lindström, Sofie
(författare)
-
Lunnomidinium scaniense Lindstrom, gen. et sp nov., a new suessiacean dinoflagellate cyst from the Rhaetian of Scania, southern Sweden
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - 0034-6667. ; 120:3-4, s. 247-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dinoflagellate cyst Lunnomidinium scaniense gen. et sp. nov. is present in the lower part of a thin sequence of Rhaetian sedimentary rocks exposed in the Lunnom Coal and Clay Pit in NW Scania, southern Sweden! It occurs in diverse, Rhaetian palynomorph assemblages, dominated by spores and pollen, but with rare specimens of the dinoflagellate cysts Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica (Sarjeant) Loeblich and Loeblich 1968, Shublikodinium sp. and Beaumontella? caminuspina (Wall) Below 1987. Lunnomidinium scaniense is characterized by an epicystal {tAtItP} archeopyle, a large number of paraplates arranged in seven or eight latitudinal series, and intratabular ornamentation in some but not all of the paraplate series. Thus, L. scaniense is assignable to the family Suessiaceae. Lunnomidinium scaniense can be subdivided into two different morphological varieties, based on the autophragm ornamentation and cyst size.
|
|
| 34. |
- Lindström, Sofie
(författare)
-
Palynology of Permian shale, clay and sandstone clasts from the Basen till in northern VestfJella, Dronning Maud Land
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Antarctic Science. - 1365-2079. ; 17:1, s. 87-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The palynological content of randomly collected sedimentary rock clasts from the till on the south-east slope of the Basen nunatak in northern Vestfiella in western Dronning Maud Land indicate that these sedimentary rocks were derived from strata of Middle Permian age. The palynological content and preservation is similar to palynofloras described from the sedimentary rocks that crop out at the Fossilryggen nunatak to the south-east, therefore, it seems likely that the Fossilryggen area represents the source of the sedimentary rock samples in the Basen till. This is further supported by known ice flow directions obtained from striations and clast fabric measurements in the area.
|
|
| 35. |
- Lindström, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Synchronous palynofloristic extinction and recovery after the end-Permian event in the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica: Implications for palynofloristic turnover across Gondwana
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-6667. ; 145:1-2, s. 89-122
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Prince Charles Mountains (PCMs) the conformable Permian-Triassic (P-T) succession is characterised by an abrupt transition from coal-bearing to coal-lacking strata, which coincides with the demise of the Permian Glossopteris-dominated flora. About 32% of the typical Permian spores and pollen are registered for the last time in the uppermost coal. Throughout the earliest Triassic an additional 34% of the lingering Permian taxa disappear, while pioneering typical Triassic taxa appear. This interval of contemporaneous stepwise extinction and recovery resulted in an actual increase in spore-pollen taxa diversity during the earliest Triassic. The estimated average sedimentation rate indicates that the 24 m sampling gap that separates the last Permian assemblage from the first Triassic one represents ca 96000 years, and that the continued stepwise extinction and recovery lasted for ca 325 000 years. In the aftermath of the end-Permian crisis only 27% of the typical Permian spores and pollen, that were present from the lower McKinnon Member in the Prince Charles Mountains survived to the late Induan, but by then the biodiversity had only decreased by less than 10%. Comparisons of Gondwanan palynological and lithological data indicate that intense global warming had already begun in the Permian, and that high latitude Gondwana areas such as the PCMs, were affected later than areas to the north and west. They also suggest that the end-Permian crisis affected the various Gondwana regions in different ways, but that the end result appears to have been a more equable, sub-humid to semi-arid, and less seasonal climate across southern Gondwana.
|
|
| 36. |
- Lindström, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
The Jurassic-Cretaceous transition of the Fararp-1 core, southern Sweden: Sedimentological and phytological indications of climate change
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-616X .- 0031-0182. ; 308:3-4, s. 445-475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 116m deep Fararp-1 core drilled in the Vomb Trough in southernmost Sweden is dated by integrated terrestrial and marine palynostratigraphy. The lower part of the succession (ca 84 m) encompasses uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous (uppermost Tithonian to Valanginian) strata. An unconformity separates the Valanginian strata from an overlying ca 1 m thick interval of upper Albian to Cenomanian Arnager Greensand Formation. The uppermost part of the core is a repetitive succession of lowermost Cretaceous sediments. During the Jurassic-Cretaceous U/K) transition NW Europe was located in mid latitudes, and comprised an archipelago of large and small islands separated by deeper grabens and epicontinental seaways that connected the Boreal Sea to the north with the warmer Tethys Ocean to the south. Boundary strata in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany are characterised by relatively prominent climatic change from arid/semi arid to subhumid/humid conditions. Southernmost Sweden was located on the margin of a large landmass comprising most of the Fennoscandian Shield bordering a large epicontinental sea to the west. By combining sedimentology, clay mineralogy and palynofacies the Tithonian to Valanginian cored succession of the Fararp-1 core provides complementary information on how marginal deposits from the eastern part of the epicontinental sea reflect the climatological and environmental changes observed in other parts of NW Europe. The Fararp-1 core shows that during the Tithonian to earliest Berriasian deposition took place in a terrestrial but near-marine depositional setting, in coastal lakes or lagoons with little marine influence. A dry climatic regime favoured stagnant water conditions with common algal blooms of primarily Bonyococcus and zygnemataceae. Palynofacies and sedimentology indicate limited transport of freshwater and material to the basin. The stagnant depositional environment was terminated by a marine flooding in the early Berriasian. During the remaining Berriasian and the early Valanginian conditions shifted between near marine and marine settings in a dynamic coastal environment, similar to contemporaneous assemblages reported from the Danish Island of Bornholm. A shift in clay mineralogy, from a dominance of 10 A minerals to increasing amounts of mixed layer and kaolinite indicates a change to more humid conditions in the latest Tithonian. Cheirolepidacean pollen (Classopollis) are present but never common in the cored succession, and a similar conspicuous decrease of these pollen, as previously reported from England, Germany and France, is not evident in the Fararp-1 core. Instead a subsequent shift in both palynofacies and palynoflora, marked by an increase in abundance of heavy terrigenous material, i.e. wood and coal particles, upland pollen grains and reworked palynomorphs is also observed in the uppermost Tithonian-lowermost Berriasian interval. At the same level spores and pollen classified as warmer/drier elements decrease in abundance. This is interpreted as representing a shift to more humid climatic conditions with increased runoff from the hinterland. Thus, the combined sedimentological and palynological data from the Fararp-1 core suggest that climatic conditions in the area changed from more seasonally dry (semi-arid) to more humid (semi-humid) across the J/K boundary (latest Tithonian to earliest Berriasian) and hence earlier than the mid-Berriasian climatic shift recorded from e.g. England and the Netherlands. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 37. |
- Lindström, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
The late Rhaetian transgression in southern Sweden: Regional (and global) recognition and relation to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-616X .- 0031-0182. ; 241:3-4, s. 339-372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palynological investigations of Rhaetian outcrops and drillcores in combination with subsurface data from wells in Scania, southern Sweden, have revealed the presence of marine dinoflagellate cysts in sedimentary strata that were previously considered to have been deposited in a mainly terrestrial environment. Two distinct dinocyst events are identified. One older event where persistent, rare to common occurrences of Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica and Lunnomidinium scaniense indicates deposition in shallow marine and marginal marine environments. This Lunnomidinium interval is preceded and succeeded by assemblages with rare to common R. rhaetica, and can be correlated with the mid to late Rhaetian R. rhaetica Zone. It is associated with spore/pollen assemblages of the mid Rhaetian Rhaetipollis-Limbosporites Zone. The younger event, the R. rhaetica maximum interval, is characterised by mass-occurrence of R. rhaetica, with less common or absent Dapcodinium priscum, in association with a dark grey to black mudstone/shale. The introduction of D. priscum in association with the over-whelming abundance of R. rhaetica allows correlation with the transition between the R. rhaetica Zone and the succeeding D. priscum Zone, and signals fully marine conditions. The R. rhaetica maximum interval is associated with spore/pollen assemblages of the late Rhaetian Ricciisporites-Polypodiisporites Zone, and is in Sweden succeeded both lithostratigraphically and palynostratigraphically by the T-J transition. The R. rhaetica maximum interval corresponds to a late Rhaetian maximum flooding event that took place in a shallow, gently sloping embayment that covered the Danish Basin area during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. This maximum flooding event can be recognised in late Rhaetian strata from different parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is an important temporal constraint on the T-J boundary as it is associated with the disappearance of Triassic marine faunas, appears to coincide with the onset of the main pulse of CAMP volcanism, immediately precedes the initial carbon isotope excursion and the global sea-level drop that characterises the T-J transition.
|
|
| 38. |
- Lindström, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
VGluT1 Deficiency Impairs Visual Attention and Reduces the Dynamic Range of Short-Term Plasticity at Corticothalamic Synapses
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 30:3, s. 1813-1829
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate, is loaded into synaptic vesicles by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs). The primary isoforms, VGluT1 and 2, are expressed in complementary patterns throughout the brain and correlate with short-term synaptic plasticity. VGluT1 deficiency is observed in certain neurological disorders, and hemizygous (VGluT1(+/-)) mice display increased anxiety and depression, altered sensorimotor gating, and impairments in learning and memory. The synaptic mechanisms underlying these behavioral deficits are unknown. Here, we show that VGluT1(+/-) mice had decreased visual processing speeds during a sustained visual-spatial attention task. Furthermore, in vitro recordings of corticothalamic (CT) synapses revealed dramatic reductions in short-term facilitation, increased initial release probability, and earlier synaptic depression in VGluT1+/- mice. Our electron microscopy results show that VGluT1 concentration is reduced at CT synapses of hemizygous mice, but other features (such as vesicle number and active zone size) are unchanged. We conclude that VGluT1-haploinsuficiency decreases the dynamic range of gain modulation provided by CT feedback to the thalamus, and this deficiency contributes to the observed attentional processing deficit. We further hypothesize that VGluT1 concentration regulates release probability by applying a "brake" to an unidentified presynaptic protein that typically acts as a positive regulator of release.
|
|
| 39. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
|
|
| 40. |
- McLoughlin, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
-
Gondwanan floristic and sedimentological trends during the Permian-Triassic transition: new evidence from the Amery Group, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Antarctic Science. - 1365-2079. ; 9:3, s. 281-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Permian-Triassic boundary within the Amery Group of the Lambert Graben is placed at the contact between the Bainmedart Coal Measures and overlying Flagstone Bench Formation, based on the first regular occurrence of Lunatisporites pellucidus and the first appearance of Aratrisporites and Lepidopteris species. The Permian-Triassic boundary is marked by the extinction of glossopterid and cordaitalean gymnosperms, and by the disappearance or extreme decline of a range of gymnospermous and pteridophytic palynomorph groups. Earliest Triassic macrofloras and palynofloras of the Flagstone Bench Formation are dominated by peltasperms and lycophytes; corystosperms, conifers, and ferns become increasingly common elements of assemblages through the Lower Triassic part of the formation and dominate floras of the Upper Triassic strata. The sedimentary transition across this boundary is conformable but marked by a termination of coal deposits; overlying lowermost Triassic sediments contain only carbonaceous siltstones. Typical red-bed facies are not developed until at least 100 m above the base of the Flagstone Bench Formation, in strata containing ?Middle Triassic palynofloras. Across Gondwana the diachronous disappearance of coal deposits and appearance of red-beds is suggestive of a response to shifting climatic belts, resulting in progressively drier seasonal conditions at successively higher palaeolatitudes during the Late Permian to Middle Triassic. The abrupt and approximately synchronous replacement of plant groups at the Permian-Triassic boundary suggests that factors independent of, or additional to, climate change were responsible for the turnover in terrestrial floras.
|
|
| 41. |
- McLoughlin, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Permian plant macrofossils from Fossilryggen, Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Antarctic Science. - 1365-2079. ; 17:1, s. 73-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low diversity plant macrofossil assemblage described from the northern section of Fossiryggen, Vestfiella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, is dominated by matted leaf impressions of Glossopteris sp. cf. G communis Feistmantel and Glossopteris sp. cf. G spatulata Pant A Singh, and in situ finely branched Vertebraria indica Royle rootlets. Equisetalean stems, rhizomes and leaf whorls (Pkyllotheca australis Brongniart emend. Townrow), isolated seeds, scale-leaves, and fragmentary gymnosperm axes represent minor components of the assemblage. The fossils are preserved in fine-grained, floodbasin sediments and dark palaeosols. Although lacking definitive biostratigraphical indices, the flora is considered to represent a Middle Permian assemblage based principally on lithological and palynological correlation with the southern section at Fossilryggen and broad similarities to mid-Permian plant assemblages elsewhere in Gondwana.
|
|
| 42. |
- Nelson, Marie, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att dela språk men inte samtalsmönster : Återkoppling i sverigesvenska och finlandssvenska handledningssamtal
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Folkmålsstudier. - 0356-1771. ; 53, s. 141-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sharing language but not communicative patterns: Feedback in Sweden-Swedish and Finland-Swedish academic counselling interactionIn this article, we present a study of oral feedback (back-channels and responsive turns) given in academic counselling meetings between an essay supervisor and one or two students. The purpose of these meetings is to discuss and improve an academic text written by the students. Our data consist of naturally occurring Sweden-Swedish and Finland-Swedish institutional interactions at the university level. The overall aim of the study is to compare feedback patterns in the Sweden-Swedish and the Finland- Swedish data and to contribute to the field of variational pragmatics. A detailed analysis of the recorded interactions reveals overt differences in the frequency, intensity and distribution of feedback in the two varieties of Swedish. In the Sweden-Swedish data, there is a preference for relational work, evidenced, for instance, by students praising the advice given by the supervisor. In the Finland-Swedish data, an orientation towards clarity is prominent and corrective advice, for instance, is usually uttered in a straightforward way. Our results support previous findings on communicative patterns in Sweden and Finland. These findings highlight the dialogic nature of institutional communication in Sweden, on the one hand, and the orientation to the task and its result in comparable situations in Finland, on the other. The outcome of this study adds to the understanding of the communicative patterns of Sweden- Swedish and Finland-Swedish with a detailed analysis of the oral feedback occurring in counselling meetings.
|
|
| 43. |
- Sundberg, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Cre-expressing neurons in visual cortex of Ntsr1-Cre GN220 mice are corticothalamic and are depolarized by acetylcholine
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Neurology. - : WILEY. - 0021-9967 .- 1096-9861. ; 526:1, s. 120-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ntsr1-Cre GN220 mouse expresses Cre-recombinase in corticothalamic (CT) neurons in neocortical layer 6. It is not known if the other major types of pyramidal neurons in this layer also express this enzyme. By electrophysiological recordings in slices and histological analysis of the uptake of retrogradely transported beads we show that Cre-positive neurons are CT and not corticocortical or corticoclaustral types. Furthermore, we show that Ntsr1-Cre-positive cells are immuno-positive for the nuclear transcription factor Forkhead box protein P2 (FoxP2). We conclude that Cre-expression is limited to a specific type of pyramidal neuron: CT. However, it appears as not all CT neurons are Cre-expressing; there are indications that the penetrance of the gene is about 90%. We demonstrate the utility of assigning a specific identity to individual neurons by determining that the CT neurons are potently modulated by acetylcholine acting on both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These results corroborate the suggested function of these neurons in regulating the gain of thalamocortical transfer of sensory information depending on attentional demand and state of arousal.
|
|
| 44. |
- Svensson, Ola, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Immigrant reproductive dysfunction facilitates ecological speciation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 71:10, s. 2510-2521
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distributions of species are not only determined by where they can survive - they must also be able to reproduce. Although immigrant inviability is a well-established concept, the fact that immigrants also need to be able to effectively reproduce in foreign environments has not been fully appreciated in the study of adaptive divergence and speciation. Fertilization and reproduction are sensitive life history stages that could be detrimentally affected for immigrants in non-native habitats. We propose that 'immigrant reproductive dysfunction' is a hitherto overlooked aspect of reproductive isolation caused by natural selection on immigrants. This idea is supported by results from experiments on an externally fertilizing fish (sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus). Growth and condition of adults were not affected by non-native salinity whereas males spawning as immigrants had lower sperm motility and hatching success than residents. We interpret these results as evidence for local adaptation or acclimation of sperm, and possibly also components of paternal care. The resulting loss in fitness, which we call 'immigrant reproductive dysfunction', has the potential to reduce gene flow between populations with locally adapted reproduction, and it may play a role in species distributions and speciation.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- van de Schootbrugge, B., et al.
(författare)
-
Floral changes across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary linked to flood basalt volcanism
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0908. ; 2:8, s. 589-594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the five largest mass extinctions of the past 600 million years occurred at the boundary of the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.6 million years ago. The loss of marine biodiversity at the time has been linked to extreme greenhouse warming, triggered by the release of carbon dioxide from flood basalt volcanism in the central Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the biotic turnover in terrestrial ecosystems is not well understood, and cannot be readily reconciled with the effects of massive volcanism. Here we present pollen, spore and geochemical analyses across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary from three drill cores from Germany and Sweden. We show that gymnosperm forests in northwest Europe were transiently replaced by fern and fern-associated vegetation, a pioneer assemblage commonly found in disturbed ecosystems. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary is also marked by an enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which, in the absence of charcoal peaks, we interpret as an indication of incomplete combustion of organic matter by ascending flood basalt lava. We conclude that the terrestrial vegetation shift is so severe and wide ranging that it is unlikely to have been triggered by greenhouse warming alone. Instead, we suggest that the release of pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and toxic compounds such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may have contributed to the extinction.
|
|
