| 1. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital innovations and self-determined exercise motivation : a person-centred perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vitalis – Nordens ledande eHälsomöte 2014. - Göteborg : Vitalis & Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet. ; , s. 22-25
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health care costs are increasing twice as fast as wealth, making health promotion and development of cost-effective care increasingly important in order to generate sustainable health care solutions. E-health, applications and interactive tools for exercise promotion flourish; but despite this and an overflow of information regarding health benefits of regular physical activity, exercise adherence has proven to be a significant challenge. This article concerns a project aimed to design an interactive tool based on comprehensive knowledge from the field of psychology combined with expertise from information technology and innovation, based on e-health industrial requirements and user needs. The research group will, together with the expertise and infrastructure of the collaborating companies Health Profile Institute AB and Tappa Service AB, support and progress an existing PhD-project on digital interventions in exercise motivation. This will be done by designing; applying and evaluating a person-centred digital intervention prototype for exercise motivation and adherence enhancement based on Self-Determination Theory.
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| 2. |
- Henning, G., et al.
(författare)
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Levels and change in autonomous and controlled work motivation in older workers-The role of proximity to retirement and sense of community at work
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0963-1798 .- 2044-8325. ; 96:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies suggest a preretirement disengagement process from work, which includes reduced work motivation. In this study, we investigated changes in autonomous and controlled work motivation over two years among participants of the Health, Aging and Retirement Transition in Sweden (HEARTS) study. We found stability in both types of motivation; however, those who retired after the study period showed more distinct declines in autonomous motivation. A stronger sense of community at work was related to level, but not change in autonomous motivation. Intra-individual fluctuations in the expected retirement age did not predict work motivation or vice versa. Future studies are needed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of preretirement declines in autonomous work motivation.
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| 3. |
- Henning, Georg, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Preretirement Work Motivation and Subsequent Retirement Adjustment: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4642 .- 2054-4650.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research grounded in self-determination theory confirms the importance of different types of work motivation for well-being and job performance. Less is known about the role of work motivation at the end of one’s working life and its association with adjustment to retirement. We investigated the association between preretirement work motivation and retirement adjustment in a subsample of the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. We included participants (n = 572) who retired between two annual waves in this longitudinal study. Retirement adjustment was operationalized as change between waves in satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). The association between preretirement work motivation and retirement adjustment varied depending on the subdimension of motivation (intrinsic, identified, introjected, external, or amotivation), type of transition (full vs. partial), and the particular need (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). In line with our expectations, low intrinsic work motivation was associated with gains in autonomy satisfaction for full-time retirees, which may be interpreted as a relief from dissatisfying jobs. Among those who continued to work, high intrinsic motivation was related to increases in relatedness satisfaction, that is, retirees who were intrinsically motivated for their work seem to benefit from continuing to work in retirement. In contrast to our expectations, amotivation before retirement was associated with gains in relatedness satisfaction for those continuing to work. Our results highlight the complexity of retirement and the need to study postretirement adjustment as a multifaceted and multidirectional process.
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| 4. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychology & Health. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 36:1, s. 43-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day. Design: A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity. Main outcome measures: Core affects and physical activity. Results: Physical activity had positive within-day associations with pleasant-activated and pleasant-deactivated core affects and a negative within-day association with unpleasant-deactivated affective responses. There were, however, no statistically significant relations between core affects and physical activity across days. Conclusion: These results highlight that the measurement interval might be an important factor that influences the association between core affects and physical activity behaviors.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Linus, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and development of individual counseling based on self-determination theory and motivational interviewing
- 2014
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Ingår i: ISBNPA 2014 Abstract Book. ; , s. 282-282
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In a recent published article series in International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity a marriage between Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) was proposed. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the rationale and development of individual counseling, based on the tenets of SDT and techniques drawn from MI, used to promote exercise adherence.Methods: A review of the literature relevant to the marriage of SDT and MI was conducted, and a counseling approach based on SDT and MI progressed. Guidelines for how to support individuals basic needs in individual counseling and scripts for individual counselling sessions to promote exercise adherence was developed.Results: To support the individuals need for autonomy, competence and relatedness different techniques and approaches was proposed. The counseling technique is now being tested in a randomized control intervention (intervention group (n=50), control group (n=50)) to promote regular exercise among healthy, inactive adults.Conclusions: This paper outlines the rationale and development of individual counseling based on SDT and MI. Although a ‘complete marriage’ between SDT and MI may not be possible, an initial step towards a ‘new’ counseling approach has been made.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Stirring the motivational soup: withinperson latent profiles of motivation in exercise
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 14:4, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Teixeira, Pedro J., et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Techniques Used in Self-Determinationheory-Based Interventions in Health Contexts : An Expert Consensus Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Motivation Science. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2333-8113 .- 2333-8121. ; 6:4, s. 438-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While evidence suggests that interventions based on self-determination theory can be effective in motivating adoption and maintenance of health-related behaviors, and in promoting adaptive psychological outcomes, the motivational techniques that comprise the content of these interventions have not been comprehensively identified or described. The aim of the present study was to develop a classification system of the techniques that comprise self-determination theory interventions, with satisfaction of psychological needs as an organizing principle. Candidate techniques were identified through a comprehensive review of self-determination theory interventions and nomination by experts. The study team developed a preliminary list of candidate techniques accompanied by labels, definitions, and function descriptions of each. Each technique was aligned with the most closely-related psychological need satisfaction construct (autonomy, competence, or relatedness). Using an iterative expert consensus procedure, participating experts (N = 18) judged each technique on the preliminary list for redundancy, essentiality, uniqueness, and the proposed link between the technique and basic psychological need. The procedure produced a final classification of 21 motivation and behavior change techniques (MBCTs). Redundancies between final MBCTs against techniques from existing behavior change technique taxonomies were also checked. The classification system is the first formal attempt to systematize self-determination theory intervention techniques. The classification is expected to enhance consistency in descriptions of self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts, and assist in facilitating synthesis of evidence on interventions based on the theory. The classification is also expected to guide future efforts to identify, describe, and classify the techniques that comprise self-determination theory-based interventions in multiple domains. © 2020, American Psychological Association.
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| 10. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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A latent profile analysis of goal content in exercise
- 2015
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Ingår i: ISBNPA 2015. ; , s. 142-142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Drawing from Self-determination theory, the main aim is to examine if there are different homogenous subgroups of people with similar latent profiles (that differ from other subgroups) regarding goal content in the exercise domain.Methods: Active members (n=1084) of an internet-based exercise program between 18 and 78 years of age (279 men and 805 women) completed a web survey including the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ; Sebire, Standage & Vansteenkiste, 2008). The five variables measured by the GCEQ, social affiliation (SA), health management (HM),skill development (SD), social recognition (SR) and image (IM) were used as input variables in latent profile analysis (LPA) in Mplus. Variables related to Self- determination theory, basic psychological needs and motivational regulations, as well as exercise behavior were used as distal outcome variables.Results: A five class model constituted the most statistically suitable and theoretically meaningful solution. Class 1 score low on all GCEQ five variables. Class 2 also scores relatively low on all variables aside from HM which was average. Class 3 is primarily driven by high scores on the external goals IM and SR. Class 4 show a reversed profile compared to class 3 with high scores on SA and SD and IM and SR being below average. Finally class 5 display high scores on all variables, in particular on SA, SR and SD. The five classes also differed in terms of distal outcome variables linked to the self-determination theory, such as basic psychological need satisfaction, motivational regulations and exercise behavior.Conclusions: Several unique latent profiles of goal content in exercise were detected. Significant differences across these latent profiles in basic needs, motivational regulations and exercise behavior were also found. Person-centered analyses, such as LPA, may reveal interesting patterns of complex interactions that are hard to identify using traditional variable centered analyses.
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| 11. |
- Weman-Josefsson, Karin Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Need satisfaction, Motivational regulations and Exercise: Moderation and mediation effects.
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 12:May
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Based on the Self-determination theory process model, this study aimed to explore relationships between the latent constructs of psychological need satisfaction, autonomous motivation and exercise behaviour; the mediational role of autonomous motivation in the association of psychological need satisfaction with exercise behaviour; as well as gender and age differences in the aforementioned associations. Methods Adult active members of an Internet-based exercise program (n=1091) between 18 and 78 years of age completed a test battery on motivational aspects based on Self-determination theory. The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 were used to measure need satisfaction and type of motivation and the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire to measure self-reported exercise. Results Need satisfaction predicted autonomous motivation, which in turn predicted exercise, especially for women. Autonomous motivation was found to mediate the association between need satisfaction and exercise. Age and gender moderated several of the paths in the model linking need satisfaction with motivation and exercise. Conclusion The results demonstrated gender and age differences in the proposed sequential mechanisms between autonomous motivation and exercise in the process model. This study thus highlights a potential value in considering moderating factors and the need to further examine the underlying mechanisms between needs, autonomous motivation, and exercise behaviour.
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| 12. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Considering moderators and mediators in self-determined motivation and exercise behaviour
- 2014
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Ingår i: Association for Applied Sport Psychology – 2014 Conference Proceedings & Program. - Indianapolis, IN : Association for Applied Sport Psychology. - 9780985531027 ; , s. 75-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to successfully enhance exercise motivation and behaviour change, it is of particular importance to explore and understand theoretical mechanisms underpinning exercise behaviours. Research based on adequate theory and using appropriate mediating variable analyses (MVA) could inform practice by identifying the active ingredients of successful exercise promotion intervention designs and distinguishing elements that could (or should) be excluded. Such an approach could not only promote cost-effectiveness, but also contribute to the understanding of sustainable behavior change and provide valuable practical implications for intervention design. This study aimed to examine the abovementioned mechanisms based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000). Adult active members of an Internet-based exercise program (n = 1,091) between 18 and 78 years of age completed a test battery including the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES); the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ). Data was analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM) and mediation analyses using bootstrapping resampling approach. Mplus version 7.1 was used to analyse the data with the maximum likelihood (ML) and robust maximum likelihood (MLM) estimators. Need satisfaction was found to predict self-determined motivation, which in turn predicted exercise, especially for women. Self-determined motivation mediated the association between need satisfaction and exercise, and these associations were moderated by gender and age. The results highlight the potential impact of considering moderating effects for a better understanding of how and for whom exercise interventions could influence behavioural outcomes. Future research would benefit practice by further exploration of underlying mechanisms in terms of mediating and moderating effects in order to be able to make adequate recommendations on how to tailor SDT intervention designs, e.g. by addressing age and gender issues.
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| 13. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a digital intervention program on motivational regulation patterns in an exercise context : A latent transition analysis of the “motivational soup”
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sport Psychology. - Sevilla : International Society of Sport Psychology. - 9788491482826 ; , s. 319-320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the self-determination theory of motivation the concept “motivational soup” refers to motivational regulations forming profiles of accumulated drives towards behavior. Few studies have examined the probability of intervention effects to change such motivational profiles over time, knowledge that might inform future program design to promote sustainable exercise motivation. Participants (N=318) were 279 women and 40 men, aged 23-67 years (Mage=46.7; SD=9.4) consisting of adult members of a web-based step contest provided by their employers. Of the 166 individuals randomly assigned to the experimental group, 85 logged in to the digital intervention platform at least once and were considered treated as intended. This group had access to a web-based digital exercise motivation intervention based on SDT for three weeks. The trial had three measure points; T1 baseline, T2 (3 weeks) and a follow up T3 (6 weeks). To investigate the potential effect of the intervention on the odds of participants to change motivational profiles between T1 and T3 we used Latent Transition Analysis. The intervention had positive main effects on exercise level. A four profile solution showed good quality of classification into the separate profiles (entropy = .92). The profiles were labeled high-high (n=262), high-low (n=26), low-high (n=8), and low-low (n=12), where the label high reflected a more autonomous regulation pattern (missing n=10). Participants in the autonomous profile at T1 had high probabilities of remaining there at T3, but slightly lower probability in the control (82%) than the intervention (95%) condition. Participants in the control condition also had a statistically significant increased probability to belong to the profile with a decreased level autonomy T3 (high-low profile) (OR=4.0, p=.008).These results indicate that this digital exercise motivation intervention can increase the likelihood for participants to sustain autonomous motivation profiles over time.
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| 14. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Examining patterns of change in self-determined exercise motivation using latent growth curve models
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few previous studies have targeted how self-determined motivation changes within persons across shorter periods of time (e.g., weeks). Latent growth curve models allow study of within-person change and between-person differences in within-person change over time. The purpose of the study was to study within-person change and between-person differences in change in exercise and motivation in a sample of 2797 exercisers in a natural course of events (i.e. no intervention) over a period of eight weeks. Motivational variables related to self-determination theory were measured by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) and the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) was used to assess self-reported exercise level and intensity. The data was analyzed by latent growth curve models in Mplus. The results show significant increase in the average change (mean slope) of psychological need satisfaction whereas there was significant decrease in amotivation. Furthermore, the slopes of variance were significant for all variables except for autonomy, competence and intrinsic motivation, indicating a pattern of heterogeneity in terms of within-person change. No significant changes were detected in exercise level or intensity (METS). The results will be used as reference data in a future intervention study aiming to enhance self-determined exercise motivation in a comparable population.
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| 15. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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EXERCISE MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOUR: A BRIEF THEORY-BASED INTERVENTION
- 2014
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Ingår i: ECSS Amsterdam 2014 Book of Abstracts. - Cologne : European College of Sport Science. ; , s. 501-501
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction The need for adequately designed and well-delivered interventions successfully increasing physical activity and exercise has long been highlighted [1]. Furthermore, interventions based on adequate theory and examined by proper analyses enable researchers to identify central mechanisms of change [2], important for successful intervention design [3]. Methods The present study examined potential effects of a short theory based intervention on exercise motivation and behaviour in a randomized controlled trial design. Self-Determination Theory, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Relapse-Prevention Model were used as guiding frameworks. The research questions concerned whether the intervention would influence (a) exercise level and intensity, (b) motivation quality, (c) autonomy and competence need satisfaction, and (d) potential indirect effects of self-determined motivation on exercise were also examined. The participants (N=64) completed self-reported measures of exercise level and intensity (Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire; LTEQ), of motivational quality (Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2; BREQ-2) and of autonomy and competence need satisfaction (Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale; PNSE) at baseline and after the six weeks of intervention. Results The results showed significant intervention effects for both exercise level and intensity, as well as in motivation quality. Furthermore, the effect of the intervention on exercise was mediated by motivational profile, in particular identified regulation. Discussion Despite the short-term and small scale nature of the intervention, effects were found on exercise behaviour and this effect was mediated by self-determined motivation. The results are generally in line with theoretical expectations from an SDT perspective. Furthermore, the study adds interesting findings of potential mechanisms behind exercise behaviour and motivation. Future research should further explore the theoretical mechanisms of behaviour change in order to facilitate tailoring of effective exercise interventions and enhancing motivation. References 1.WHO, Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 2010, World Health Organization.: Geneva. 2.Rhodes, R.E. and L.A. Pfaeffli, Mediators of physical activity behaviour change among adult non-clinical populations: a review update. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2010. 7: p. 37. 3.Fortier, M.S., et al., Promoting physical activity: development and testing of self-determination theory-based interventions. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2012. 9(20).
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| 16. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms in Self-Determined Exercise Motivation: Effects of a Theory Informed Pilot Intervention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current psychology. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 36:1, s. 90-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to examine the effects of an exercise pilot intervention informed by Self-determination theory. The 64 participants were randomized into experimental and control group. The main questions were whether the intervention would influence (a) exercise level, (b) motivation quality, and (c) autonomy and competence need satisfaction. We also examined the indirect effects of self-determined motivation on exercise. Significant intervention effects were found regarding exercise level and motivation quality. Also, intervention effect on exercise was found to be mediated by motivation quality and identified regulation. The results provide interesting information about the underlying mechanisms involved in exercise behaviour change
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| 17. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Viewing exercise goal content through a person-oriented lens : A self-determination perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; :27, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined profiles of exercise goal content and the associations with need satisfaction, motivation regulation and exercise behavior, combining variable-centered and person-centered analytical approaches. The participants were 1084 (279 men and 805 women) Swedish adults, aged between 18 and 78 years, that were all active members of an Internet-based exercise program. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. In SEM analysis intrinsic goals were related to need satisfaction and autonomous motivation, whereas extrinsic goals were most strongly associated with controlled motivation. LPA revealed five unique latent classes of goal content. These five classes differed in need satisfaction, motivation regulation and exercise behavior, with classes being characterized by more intrinsic goal profiles reporting higher need satisfaction and autonomous motivation. The results are discussed from a self-determination theory perspective and the benefits of using both variable and person-centered analytical approaches are highlighted. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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| 18. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Zooming in on the Effects: a Controlled Trial on Motivation and Exercise Behaviour in a Digital Context
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 37:1, s. 250-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is a description of a short-term digital exercise intervention based on the theoretical framework self-determination theory and tested in a controlled trial. The sample consisted of 318 adult women (n = 279) and men (n = 40) aged 23-67 years (M = 46.7; SD = 9.4) participating in a digital step contest provided by their employer. All participants completed study baseline measures via validated web-based versions of the following instruments: Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2, and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire. These measures were repeated twice, 3 weeks (post-intervention) and 6 weeks (follow-up) after study baseline. The experimental group had access to the intervention platform for three weeks. Data were analysed by analyses of covariance and mediation variable analysis. Results showed the intervention to affect exercise level and intensity as well as basic psychological need satisfaction and behavioural regulations. Intervention effects on amotivation post-intervention were found to mediate total exercise behaviour at follow-up. Moderation analyses showed intervention effects on light exercise to be stronger for those participants engaging in moderate or high levels of light activities at study baseline. Also, the effect on identified regulation was stronger for those with low levels of identified regulation at study baseline. This study adds to the knowledge on exercise motivation based on short-term intervention effects on level and intensity of exercise and physical activity. The use of mediating and moderating analyses uncover processes underlying the main intervention effects. Findings are discussed in relation to self-determination theory and previous research.
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| 19. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Zooming in on the effects – Psychological need satisfaction mediates the effects of a digital exercise intervention on motivational regulations and exercise behavior
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sport Psychology. - Sevilla : International Society of Sport Psychology. - 9788491482826 ; , s. 309-310
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examination of the mediating mechanisms within the self-determination theory process model will provide deeper insight in the mechanisms of motivational regulations and psychological need satisfaction. Optimally, such studies should also include examination of action theory links and conceptual theory links to consider theory capacity (Cerin & MacKinnon, 2009). We studied 318 participants (aged 23-67 years) included in a controlled trial testing a digital intervention tool aiming to promote self-determined exercise motivation using 3 wave measurement over the course of 6 weeks. The participants (279 women and 40 men) were randomized into experimental and control group and completed a web-based test battery with the SDT-related measures (Psychological needs in exercise scale, Behavioral regulations in exercise scale -2, and Leisure time exercise questionnaire) at baseline, post intervention (3 weeks) and follow up (6 weeks). Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS macro Process by Hayes (2013). Results showed indirect effects of psychological need satisfaction regarding the effect of the intervention on motivation and exercise behavior at follow up measures. In the group of participants exposed to the intervention, higher levels of autonomy need satisfaction at follow-up predicted lower levels of amotivation and external regulation. In these models we found positive significant action theory links and negative conceptual theory links, showing the intervention to impact autonomy in positive direction, while higher autonomy need satisfaction in turn decreased controlled motivation and amotivation. Higher scores of autonomy need satisfaction at follow-up also predicted higher scores of identified regulation, intrinsic regulation and autonomous motivation. Lower levels of amotivation were linked with higher levels of total exercise. In sum, the results reflect expectations from a a self-determination theory perspective and are in favor of intervention efficacy.
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| 20. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of physical exercise on depressive symptoms and biomarkers in depression
- 2014
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Ingår i: CNS & Neurological Disorders. - Bussum : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1871-5273 .- 1996-3181. ; 13:10, s. 1640-1653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular physical exercise/activity has been shown repeatedly to promote positive benefits in cognitive, emotional and motor domains concomitant with reductions in distress and negative affect. It exerts a preventative role in anxiety and depressive states and facilitates psychological well-being in both adolescents and adults. Not least, several meta-analyses attest to improvements brought about by exercise. In the present treatise, the beneficial effects of exercise upon cognitive, executive function and working memory, emotional, self-esteem and depressed mood, motivational, anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, and somatic/physical, sleep disturbances and chronic aches and pains, categories of depression are discussed. Concurrently, the amelioration of several biomarkers associated with depressive states: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis homeostasis, anti-neurodegenerative effects, monoamine metabolism regulation and neuroimmune functioning. The notion that physical exercise may function as "scaffolding" that buttresses available network circuits, anti-inflammatory defences and neuroreparative processes, e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), holds a certain appeal. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers.
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| 21. |
- Aşçı, H.F, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in the relation of personality traits and self-presentation with physical activity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science & sports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0765-1597. ; 30:1, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of physical activity with personality traits and self-presentation and gender differences in this relation. Methods Two hundred thirteen female (Mage = 21.73 ± 1.63), 247 male (Mage = 22.37 ± 2.19) exercisers voluntarily participated in this study. The Five Factor Personality Inventory (short version), Self Presentation in Exercise Questionnaire and The short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered to participants. Results Regression analysis indicated that openness to experience was a significant predictor of moderate physical activity in females. On the other hand, agreeableness, emotional stability and conscientiousness were related to vigorous physical activity in males. Analysis also revealed significant relationship between vigorous physical activity and impression motivation in both males and females. Furthermore, impression construction was also associated with vigorous physical activity in females. Conclusion This study extended the previous studies on Western culture to non-western culture of Turkey and also provided some explanation for inconclusive results about the gender differences in the relationship of personality and physical activity. The study also examined the relationship between self-presentation and physical activity in terms of gender, which is less frequently studied. The findings of this study indicated that the pattern of relation of physical activity with personality traits differed with regard to gender. For males, personality characteristic were related with vigorous physical activity but for females personality is predictor of moderate physical activity. The patterns of relation of physical activity with self-presentation are similar for males and females and self-presentation is related with the vigorous physical activity for both gender.
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| 22. |
- Bengtsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Blood Pressure Control Using an Interactive Mobile Phone Support System
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. - : Wiley. - 1524-6175 .- 1751-7176. ; 18:2, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This explorative, longitudinal study evaluated the effect of the daily use of a mobile phone-based self-management support system for hypertension in reducing blood pressure (BP) among 50 primary care patients with hypertension over 8 weeks. The self-management system comprises modules for (1) self-reports of BP, pulse, lifestyle, symptoms, and well-being; (2) delivery of reminders and encouragements; and (3) graphical feedback of self-reports. Daily use of the support system significantly reduced BP (systolic BP 7 mm Hg, diastolic BP 4.9 mm Hg) between baseline and week 8, with daily improvements leveling off as the study progressed. Three homogenous subsets of patients were identified who, despite different initial BP levels, showed similar decreases in BP during the study, indicating that patients benefited irrespective of baseline BP. In showing significant reductions in BP, our results suggest that the self-management support system may be a useful tool in clinical practice to help patients self-manage their hypertension.
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| 23. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.3 years), the majority reported no change (sitting 77%, daily physical activity 71%, exercise 69%, diet 87%, alcohol 90%, and smoking 97%) due to the pandemic. Changes were more pronounced during the first wave (April-June) compared to the second (October-December). Women, individuals <60 years, those with a university degree, white-collar workers, and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits at baseline had higher odds of changing lifestyle habits compared to their counterparts. Negative changes in lifestyle habits and more time in a mentally passive state sitting at home were associated with higher odds of mental ill-health (including health anxiety regarding one's own and relatives' health, generalized anxiety and depression symptoms, and concerns regarding employment and economy). The results emphasize the need to support healthy lifestyle habits to strengthen the resilience in vulnerable groups of individuals to future viral pandemics and prevent health inequalities in society.
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| 24. |
- Brown, C.L, et al.
(författare)
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Social Activity and Cognitive Functioning Over Time
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2204 .- 2090-2212.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social activity is typically viewed as part of an engaged lifestyle that may help mitigate the deleterious effects of advanced age on cognitive function. As such, social activity has been examined in relation to cognitive abilities later in life. However, longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis thus far remains inconclusive. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between social activity and cognitive function over time using a coordinated data analysis approach across four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with social activity included as a covariate is presented. Four domains of cognitive function were assessed: reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge. Results suggest that baseline social activity is related to some, but not all, cognitive functions. Baseline social activity levels failed to predict rate of decline in most cognitive abilities. Changes in social activity were not consistently associated with cognitive functioning. Our findings do not provide consistent evidence that changes in social activity correspond to immediate benefits in cognitive functioning, except perhaps for verbal fluency.
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| 25. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk. Methods Out of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.9 years) of severe COVID-19 were identified. CRF was estimated using a sub-maximum cycle test, and other lifestyle variables were self-reported. Analyses were performed including both unmatched, n = 278,598, and sex-and age-matched, n = 3426, controls. Severe COVID-19 included hospitalization, intensive care or death due to COVID-19. Results Patients with more severe COVID-19 had significantly lower CRF, higher BMI, a greater presence of comorbidities and were more often daily smokers. In matched analyses, there was a graded decrease in odds for severe COVID-19 with each ml in CRF (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.970 to 0.998), and a two-fold increase in odds between the lowest and highest (< 32 vs. >= 46 ml center dot min(-1)center dot kg(-1)) CRF group. Higher BMI (per unit increase, OR = 1.09, 1.06 to 1.12), larger waist circumference (per cm, OR = 1.04, 1.02 to 1.06), daily smoking (OR = 0.60, 0.41 to 0.89) and high overall stress (OR = 1.36, 1.001 to 1.84) also remained significantly associated with severe COVID-19 risk. Obesity- and blood pressure-related risks were attenuated by adjustment for CRF and lifestyle variables. Mediation through CRF, BMI and smoking accounted for 9% to 54% of the associations between low education, low income and blue collar/low skilled occupations and severe COVID-19 risk. The results were consistent using either matched or unmatched controls. Conclusions Both lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors were associated with risk of severe COVID-19. However, higher CRF attenuated the risk associated with obesity and high blood pressure, and mediated the risk associated with various socioeconomic factors. This emphasises the importance of interventions to maintain or increase CRF in the general population to strengthen the resilience to severe COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals.
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| 26. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Latent profile analysis patterns of exercise, sitting and fitness in adults – Associations with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To identify and describe the characteristics of naturally occurring patterns of exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the association of such profiles with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms. Methods 64,970 participants (42% women, 18–75 years) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014–2018 were included. Exercise and sitting were self-reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a submaximal cycle test. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles. BMI and blood pressure were assessed through physical examination. Perceived back/neck pain, overall stress, global health, and sleeping problems were self-reported. Results Six profiles based on exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness were identified and labelled; Profile 1 “Inactive, low fit and average sitting in leisure, with less sitting at work”; Profile 2 “Inactive, low fit and sedentary”; Profile 3 “Active and average fit, with less sitting at work”; Profile 4 “Active, average fit and sedentary in leisure, with a sedentary work” (the most common profile, 35% of the population); Profile 5 “Active and fit, with a sedentary work”; Profile 6 “Active and fit, with less sitting at work”. Some pairwise similarities were found between profiles (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6), mainly based on similar levels of exercise, leisure time sitting and fitness, which translated into similar dose-response associations with the outcomes. In general, profile 1 and 2 demonstrated most adverse metabolic and perceived health, profile 4 had a more beneficial health than profile 3, as did profile 6 compared to profile 5. Conclusions The present results implies a large variation in exercise, sitting, and fitness when studying naturally occurring patterns, and emphasize the possibility to target exercise, sitting time, and/or fitness in health enhancing promotion intervention and strategies. © 2020 Ekblom-Bak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 27. |
- Fagerström, Cecilia, Docent, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Factorial validity and invariance of the Life Satisfaction Index in older people across groups and time: Addressing the heterogeneity of age, functional ability, and depression.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 55:2, s. 349-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decades, extensive research efforts have been directed at exploring life satisfaction in old age, and the Life Satisfaction Index A scale (LSIA), developed by Neugarten et al. in the 1960s, is one of the most commonly used instruments. However, studies have focused on predicting and comparing changes in people’s life satisfaction without testing if the LSIA instrument is equally valid for different subgroups of people. The present study investigated the underlying dimensions of the LSIA in a Swedish population (n=1402) of people 60−96 years of age. The study also examined factorial invariance across age, gender, functional ability and depression during a six-year period. The results showed that while a five-factor solution of the LSIA did not exhibit an acceptable fit to the data, a three-factor solution did show a close fit. The two three-factor models that demonstrated the best fit showed invariance across gender and across time, but noninvariance across groups with different levels of reduced functional ability, depressive symptoms and age. These findings suggest that the psychometric properties of life satisfaction instruments like the LSIA need to be taken into consideration before drawing conclusions about life satisfaction when comparing older people of different ages and with different depression and function levels.
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| 28. |
- Fox, K.R, et al.
(författare)
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Self-esteem and self-perceptions in sport and exercise
- 2014
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Ingår i: Routledge companion to sport and exercise psychology: Global perspectives and fundamental concepts. - New York : Routledge. - 9781848721289 ; , s. 34-48
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of an Empowerment-Based Health-Promotion School Intervention on Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Adolescents in a Multicultural Area
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity (PA) decreases with age, and interventions are needed to promote PA during adolescence, especially, among those in low-socioeconomic status (SES) areas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention had any effects on changes in (a) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), (b) sedentary time (SED), (c) exercise training (ET) frequency, and (d) ET duration, among adolescents. Participants (aged 12-13 years at baseline) from one intervention school and two control schools, were recruited from a multicultural area of Sweden, characterized by low-SES. During the course of the two-year intervention, a total of 135 participants (43% boys) were included in the study. The intervention was developed and implemented as a result of cooperation and shared decision-making among the researchers and the participants. MVPA and SED were measured with accelerometers, and ET frequency and duration was self-reported at the beginning of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grade, respectively. There were no significant effects of the two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention on changes in the accelerometer-measured MVPA and SED, or the self-reported ET frequency and duration, among the adolescents. Overall, the intervention was unsuccessful at promoting PA and reducing SED. Several possible explanations for the intervention's lack of effects are discussed.
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| 31. |
- Gerber, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory fitness protects against stress-related symptoms of burnout and depression.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 93:1, s. 146-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine how cardiorespiratory fitness and self-perceived stress are associated with burnout and depression. To determine if any relationship between stress and burnout/depression is mitigated among participants with high fitness levels.METHODS: 197 participants (51% men, mean age=39.2 years) took part in the study. The Åstrand bicycle test was used to assess cardorespiratory fitness. Burnout was measured with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), depressive symptoms with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-D). A gender-matched stratified sample was used to ensure that participants with varying stress levels were equally represented.RESULTS: Participants with moderate and high fitness reported fewer symptoms of burnout and depression than participants with low fitness. Individuals with high stress who also had moderate or high fitness levels reported lower scores on the SMBQ Tension subscale and the HAD-D than individuals with high stress, but low fitness levels.CONCLUSION: Better cardiovascular fitness seems to be associated with decreased symptoms of burnout and a better capacity to cope with stress.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Promoting and measuring cardiorespiratory fitness can motivate employees to adopt a more physically active lifestyle and thus strengthen their ability to cope with stress exposure and stress-related disorders.
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| 32. |
- Gerber, M, et al.
(författare)
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Concerns regarding hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in exercise and sport science
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. - 1303-2968. ; 11, s. 571-581
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hair cortisol has the potential to fill the methodological void of long-term cortisol assessment while becoming a widely accepted measure in biopsychology. This review critically examines the applicability and relevance of hair cortisol measurement specifically within the field of exercise and sport science. Current measures of the HPA axis only cover a brief time period, whereas hair cortisol is a unique, non-invasive means to capture long-term cortisol secretion. Studies have shown that individuals who have elevated cortisol secretion (e.g. due to diseases associated with a disturbed activation of the HPA axis or exposure to stressful life events) reveal increased hair cortisol. By contrast, only weak correlations exist between hair cortisol and perceived stress, and the direction of the relationship between hair cortisol levels and mental disorders is unclear. Acute exercise, however, results in increased levels of cortisol that eventually is reflected in higher levels of cortisol in hair samples and studies have shown that exercise intensity is related to hair cortisol level. Thus, elevated hair cortisol levels found among regular exercisers are not necessarily pathological. Thus, one should practice caution when associating athletes’ elevated hair cortisol with poor mental health or disease. Hair cortisol analysis can contribute to a more complete understanding of how long-term cortisol elevation mediates stress-related effects on the health and performance of recreational exercisers and elite athletes. Nevertheless, it is crucial for exercise and sport scientists to consider whether their research questions can be adequately addressed, given that regular intense exercise results in substantially augmented hair cortisol levels.
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| 33. |
- Gerber, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fitness Moderates the Relationship between Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131. ; 48:11, s. 2075-2081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This cross-sectional observational study examined the degree to which cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and self-perceived stress are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and the overall risk score for cardiovascular diseases. The second aim was to determine whether participants' CRF levels moderate the relationships between stress and cardiometabolic risk. Methods A gender-matched stratified sample (N = 197, 51% men, M-age = 39.2 yr) was used to ensure that participants with varying stress levels were equally represented. CRF was assessed with the angstrom strand bicycle test, and perceived stress was assessed with a single-item question. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glycated hemoglobin, and total cardiometabolic risk score (sum of the z-standardized residuals of the previously mentioned indicators) were assessed as outcomes. Results Higher LDL-C, TG, and total metabolic risk were found in participants with high stress scores (P < 0.05). In addition, lower SBP, DBP, BMI, LDL-C, TG, and total metabolic risk were observed in participants with high CRF (P < 0.05). Two-way ANCOVA provided significant interaction effects for five of the nine outcome variables (P < 0.05, 3.6%-4.8% of explained variance). Participants with high stress who also had high CRF levels had lower SBP, DBP, LDL-C, TG, and total cardiometabolic risk than participants with high stress but low or moderate CRF levels. No significant main or interaction effects occurred for BMI, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion Better CRF is associated with more favorable levels of several cardiometabolic risk factors, specifically in participants experiencing high stress. Higher CRF may provide some protection against the health hazards of high chronic stress by attenuating the stress-related increase in cardiovascular risk factors.
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| 34. |
- Gerber, M, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal relationships between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation, and exercise involvement among physically active adolescents
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 33:4, s. 369-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress exposure may undermine exercisers’ capability to self-regulate their exercise behaviour. This longitudinal study examined the interplay between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation (assessment of action and coping planning) and participation in vigorous exercise in vocational students. Moreover, this study examined whether high exercise self-regulation moderates the assumed negative relationship between stress and exercise. A sample of 580 physically active vocational students (x ± s 17.8 ± 1.3 years, 33.8% girls) was assessed. All participants completed two identical validated questionnaires assessing stress, exercise self-regulation and exercise with a span of 10 months in between survey completion periods. The cross-sectional analyses show that high exercise self-regulation attenuated the assumed negative relationship between stress and exercise. In the longitudinal analyses, however, only a non-significant trend was found. Significant longitudinal relationships existed between exercise self-regulation and exercise involvement. Latent difference score models revealed that a drop in the exercise self-regulation was associated with a concurrent decrease in exercise participation. Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that high exercise self-regulation levels positively predicted exercise behaviour, but an inverse relationship was not supported. The findings suggested that higher exercise self-regulation levels were positively associated with future exercise involvement in currently active adolescents. While partial support was found that exercise selfregulation moderated the influence of stress on exercise, the findings demonstrated that higher exercise self-regulation levels had a positive impact on future exercise involvement in already active individuals.
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| 35. |
- Gerber, M., et al.
(författare)
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Low leisure-time physical activity, but not shift-work, contributes to the development of sleep complaints in Swedish health care workers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mental Health and Physical Activity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-2966. ; 13, s. 22-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem Regular physical activity (PA) can prevent sleep complaints and improve sleep among people with sleep disorders, whereas nocturnal shift work is linked with a higher risk of sleep problems. The present study examines the prospective contribution of PA and nocturnal shift work to the development of subjective sleep complaints. Methods Data is based on 1406 health care workers (M = 45.67 years, 88% women). Physical activity and sleep complaints were assessed via self-reports twice across a 2-year period. To address the issue of reverse causation, only participants without initial sleep difficulties were included in the prospective analyses. Results Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with a lower risk of developing difficulties falling asleep at the 2-year follow-up. Both light PA and MVPA were associated with a lower risk of developing feeling of exhaustion upon waking. The prospective association between PA and these two sleep complaints persisted after controlling for covariates. No significant prospective association was found between PA and night time awakenings. Shift work was not related to any of the sleep complaints. Conclusions The findings suggest that regular PA contributes to the prevention of new sleep complaints, independent of whether participants engage in nocturnal shift work. Promoting PA can be a promising strategy to prevent sleep problems, both in shift-workers and non-shift-workers. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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| 36. |
- Gerber, M, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity in Employees with Differing Occupational Stress and Mental Health Profiles: A Latent Profile Analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier BV. - 1469-0292. ; 15:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine whether employees with differing occupational stress and mental health profiles differ in their self-reported levels of physical activity. Design: Cross-sectional survey data. Method: The sample consisted of 2660 Swedish health care workers and social insurance officers (85% women, M = 46.3 years). Latent profile analysis was performed to identify classes. Between-class-differences in physical activity were tested via c2-tests and multinominal logistic regression analyses using sex, age, BMI, marital status, children at home, caregiving, and smoking as covariates. Results: Latent profile analysis resulted in a six-profile solution. Two pairs of classes had equal stress levels, one pair with high stress, one pair with moderate stress. Within each pair, one group showed some resilience (i.e. only moderate mental health problems despite high stress or good mental health despite moderate stress), whereas the other did not. The other two classes were characterized by either low stress and good mental health or moderate-tohigh stress and elevated mental health problems. Participants who were resilient to high or moderate stress were more active than participants of the corresponding non-resilient classes. Participants with low stress and good mental health reported the highest physical activity levels, participants with high stress and high mental health problems reported the lowest physical activity levels. Conclusions: The findings suggest that physical activity is associated with resilience to occupational stress, and that beyond primary prevention efforts to make work less stressful regular physical activity should be a target variable for health professionals working in the occupational setting.
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| 37. |
- Gerber, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Graded Exercise as a Part of Multimodal Treatment in Patients Diagnosed with Stress-Related Exhaustion
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 24:13-14, s. 1904-1915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives The purpose of this study was to examine, by using patient cohort data, the changes in exercise habits during a 12-month multimodal treatment period, in patients seeking specialist care for stress-related exhaustion. Background Randomised controlled trials have greatly contributed to the fact that both physicians and patients regard regular exercise participation as a highly valuable and effective treatment for mental health disorders. Nevertheless, little is known about the adherence to physical activity recommendations for patients with stress-related mental problems in a clinical setting. Knowledge about what can be achieved within the clinical context, and how current treatments can be improved, is crucial for clinicians, researchers, educators, managers and policy makers involved in nursing practice. Design Longitudinal analysis of patient cohort data. Methods The sample consisted of 169 patients (79% women; mean age = 42·7 years) who were referred to a stress clinic due to stress-related exhaustion. All patients received multimodal treatment with similar components. Two different approaches to promote exercise were used in the clinical work (general comprehensive instruction either with or without an 18-week coached exercise programme). The self-reported overall exercise level was assessed at baseline and at three, six and 12 months after the first visit. Group by time effects were examined with repeated measures analyses of variance. Results The frequency, duration and intensity of exercise increased substantially during the first three months of multimodal treatment. Although exercise levels tended to decrease thereafter, there was still a significant time effect at the 12-month follow-up showing that follow-up exercise levels were higher than at baseline. Conclusion Both general exercise instructions and coached exercise were effective in promoting exercise involvement. Relevance to clinical practice Exercise can be successfully promoted as a part of multimodal treatment in patients with stress-related exhaustion.
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| 38. |
- Gudmundsson, Pia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal associations between physical activity and depression scores in Swedish women followed 32 years
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 132:6, s. 451-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Physical activity is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. However, few studies consider dynamic associations of changes in physical activity and reciprocal relationships. This study aimed to perform comprehensive evaluations of relationships between physical activity and depression scores in women followed from mid- to late life. Method: The Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, provided repeated measures of self-reported physical activity and depressive symptoms between 1974 and 2005 (baseline N = 676, 84.5% response rate). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and physical activity was evaluated by the Saltin–Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale. Latent growth curve analyses were used to evaluate associations of change, and cross-lagged models were used to study the reciprocal relationship between physical activity and depression scores. Results: At baseline, lower levels of physical activity were related to higher depression scores. Individuals with decreasing physical activity over time evidenced higher depression scores at 32-year follow-up. Higher average baseline depression score was related to declining levels of physical activity at subsequent examinations. Conclusion: Reduced physical activity may be a long-term consequence of depression. It is important to address individual changes in physical activity and not merely absolute levels of physical activity in relationship to depression.
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Motivational profiles and burnout in elite athletes: A person-centered approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier BV. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 35, s. 118-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the link between elite athletes' motivational profiles and burnout using a person-centered approach. Participants were 391 Spanish elite athletes (201 males and 190 females), aged 16-30 years who completed questionnaires measuring demographic information, self-determined motivation, and athlete burnout. Latent profile analysis resulted in a five profile solution labeled: amotivation (Class 1), low motivation (Class 2), moderately autonomous motivation (Class 3), amotivated and moderately controlled motivation (Class 4), and highly motivated (Class 5). While no significant differences were found in emotional/physical exhaustion, Class 4 (amotivated and moderately controlled motivation) scored higher than classes 2 (low motivation), 3 (moderately autonomous motivation), and 5 (highly motivated) on a Reduced sense of Accomplishment and Sport Devaluation. Findings are discussed in relation to Self-Determination Theory, suggesting that the quality of one's motivation may be equally, if not more important than the quantity of motivation in determining subsequent health, well-being, and performance outcomes.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hagger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-cultural evaluation of a multidimensional and hierarchical model of physical self-perceptions in three national samples
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1559-1816 .- 0021-9029. ; 34:5, s. 1075-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multidimensional and hierarchical model of self-perceptions in the physical domain was evaluated in samples from 3 nations: Great Britain, Sweden, and Turkey. The Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP; Fox & Corbin, 1989), was translated and tested for factorial and construct validity in each national sample. A first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) hypothesizing 4 latent factors representing the subdomains of sports competence, body attractiveness, physical condition, and physical strength was found to describe the PSPP data adequately for each national sample. A second-order CFA model that hypothesized a general latent factor of physical self-worth also exhibited good fit with the data from each sample, supporting the validity of the instrument in the national groups. Multi-sample analyses provided support for both models across samples, although selected items exhibited disparate meanings. The subdomain mean scores were significantly higher in the British sample compared with the Swedish and Turkish samples, with the exception of the physical condition subscale, which was higher in the Swedish and Turkish samples. Overall, these findings support the factor structure of the hierarchical, multidimensional model of physical self-perceptions across the national samples.
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| 42. |
- Hagger, Martin S., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting alcohol consumption and binge drinking in company employees: An application of planned behaviour and self-determination theories
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Health Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1359-107X. ; 17, s. 379-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. This study tested an integrated model of the psychosocial determinants of alcohol-related behaviour among company employees from four nations. A motivational sequence was proposed in which motivational orientations from selfdetermination theory influenced intentions to consume alcohol within guideline limits and alcohol-related behaviour via the mediation of the theory of planned behaviour variables of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC). Design. A three-wave prospective design using self-reported psychological and behavioural measures. Methods. Company employees (N = 486, males = 225, females = 261; M age = 30.41, SD = 8.31) from four nations (Estonia, Finland, Sweden, and UK) completed measures of autonomous and controlled motivation from self-determination theory,attitudes, subjective norms, PBC, intentions from the theory of planned behaviour, and self-reported measures of past alcohol consumption and binge-drinking occasions at the first time point (time 1). Follow-up psychological and behavioural measures were taken one month later (time 2) and follow-up behavioural measures taken a further 2 months later (time 3). Results. Path analyses supported the motivational sequence with identified regulation (time 1), predicting intentions (time 1), and alcohol units consumed (time 2). The effects were indirect via the mediation of attitudes and PBC (time 1). A similar pattern of effects was found for the effect of time 2 psychological variables on time 3 units of alcohol consumed. There was little support for the effects of the psychological variables on binge-drinking behaviour. Conclusions. Findings provide new information on the psychosocial determinants of alcohol behaviour in company employees and the processes involved. Results may provide impetus for the development of interventions to reduce alcohol consumption.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Personality in Retirement Adjustment: Longitudinal Evidence for the Effects on Life Satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of personality. - : Wiley. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 88:4, s. 642-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Research on retirement suggests that personality can influence the adjustment process, but the mechanisms involved remain still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate direct and indirect associations between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Indirect effects were evaluated through the role of personality for levels and changes in self‐esteem, autonomy, social support, self‐rated physical health, self‐rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction. Method: Our sample consisted of 796 older adults (age 60–66) and four annual measurement waves from the longitudinal population‐based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, including individuals retiring during the study period. Results: Results from multivariate latent growth curve analysis revealed multiple indirect associations between personality and life satisfaction. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction through higher levels of self‐esteem, autonomy, and social support. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction through lower levels of self‐esteem and lower levels and negative changes in autonomy and social support. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that retirees with higher levels of Neuroticism are more vulnerable in the transition process and they are also more likely to experience adjustment problems resulting from negative changes in key resources.
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| 46. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Personality in Retirement Adjustment: Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem, Autonomy, and Social Support
- 2018
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Ingår i: GSA Annual Scientific Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, November 14-18, 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Henning, Georg, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in within- and between-person associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and well-being after retirement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 79, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is associated with higher well-being. However, little is known about change or stability in this association over the life span. We therefore investigated changes in the association between well-being and basic psychological need satisfaction in the retirement transition. Data was drawn from four waves of the Health, Aging, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (N = 5,074, M (age) = 63.16; 53.61% female). Multi-level models were conducted and the analyses revealed evidence for continuity as well as systematic changes in within- and between-person associations across the retirement transition. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of applying a longitudinal design and a life span perspective on basic psychological need satisfaction.
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| 50. |
- Henning, Georg, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Continuity in Well-Being in the Transition to Retirement
- 2016
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Ingår i: GeroPsych - The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1662-9647 .- 1662-971X. ; 29:4, s. 225-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review recent longitudinal studies on change and continuity in psychological well-being during the retirement transition. Our conclusion is that most retirees maintain their level of well-being over retirement. Some studies, however, provide evidence for a substantial heterogeneity and dynamic effects. A smaller subgroup experiences losses in resources and challenges which compromise their well-being. Various adaptive actions seem to help to cope with losses, but we still lack more detailed information about the role and effects of these coping strategies. Future longitudinal studies need to address the role of and interplay among these adaptive behaviors over the retirement transition to improve our understanding of continuity and change in postretirement well-being.
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