| 1. |
- Linnér, Alva, et al.
(författare)
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Handelns geopolitik i en klimatförändrad värld
- 2022
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Ingår i: Klimatet och den nya världsordningen. - Stockholm : Tankesmedjan Fores. - 9789187379901 ; , s. 137-157
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Uhrqvist, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Narratives of the Past for Future Earth: The Historiography of Global Environmental Change Research
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Anthropocene Review. - : Sage Publications. - 2053-0196 .- 2053-020X. ; 2:2, s. 159-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the auto-historiography of global environmental change research. It traces how participating researchers make sense of and rationalise research strategies through narratives of the history of global change and Earth System science. Our study draws on personal and programme accounts of Earth System science’s background related to the international global environmental change research programmes International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), and Future Earth, from 1983 to 2013. The study finds three core narratives: the science history narrative motivates the future development of the programme by building on the successes of earlier international projects. The Earth System departs from an enhanced understanding of environmental change over time. Finally, the Anthropocene narrative underpins arguments for a science-based management of human–environment systems. We argue that including reflexive analytical perspectives in the history writing of Future Earth contributes to making environmental change research relevant and useful for democratic decision-making.
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| 3. |
- Amars, Latif, et al.
(författare)
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The transformational potential of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in Tanzania : assessing the concept’s cultural legitimacy among stakeholders in the solar energy sector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Local Environment. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-9839 .- 1469-6711. ; 22:1, s. 86-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While energy-sector emissions remain the biggest source of climate change, many least-developed countries still invest in fossil-fuel development paths. These countries generally have high levels of fossil fuel technology lock-in and low capacities to change, making the shift to sustainable energy difficult. Tanzania, a telling example, is projected to triple fossil-fuel power production in the next decade. This article assesses the potential to use internationally supported Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to develop solar energy in Tanzania and contribute to transformational change of the electricity supply system. By assessing the cultural legitimacy of NAMAs among key stakeholders in the solar energy sector, we analyse the conditions for successful uptake of the concept in (1) national political thought and institutional frameworks and (2) the solar energy niche. Interview data are analysed from a multi-level perspective on transition, focusing on its cultural dimension. Several framings undermining legitimacy are articulated, such as attaching low-actor credibility to responsible agencies and the concept’s poor fit with political priorities. Actors that discern opportunities for NAMAs could, however, draw on a framing of high commensurability between experienced social needs and opportunities to use NAMAs to address them through climate compatible development. This legitimises NAMAs and could challenge opposing framings.
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| 4. |
- André, Karin, 1978-
(författare)
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Climate change adaptation processes : Regional and sectoral stakeholder perspectives
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses how societal adaptation processes in public and private sectors at the regional to local level in Sweden are enacted. The thesis pays particular attention to critical factors that constrain or enable adaptation by focussing on: who are the stakeholders, how do different stakeholders perceive their capacity to adapt, and the role of stakeholder interaction in facilitating adaptation processes A combination of two analytical perspectives is used where one is based on key concepts within adaptation literature, and the other draws on boundary crossing and transdisciplinary knowledge production (stakeholders, adaptive capacity, and science-based stakeholder dialogues). The study is conducted within the scope of two overall case studies of local adaptation processes within an urban region, and a land-use based sector, the private forestry sector. The cases are setting the scene for the collection of empirical material which is achieved through qualitative methods, primarily focus groups discussions with local and regional, public and private stakeholders with an interest in, and responsibility for adaptation. The focus groups meetings are organized as a series of meetings to which different participatory techniques are applied. The study also builds on a comprehensive stakeholder mapping. First, the results suggest a systematic method for identifying stakeholders in adaptation research, policy, and planning applicable in both sectors and regions that combines top-down knowledge with experience and knowledge based on bottom-up processes. Second, the analysis of perceived adaptive capacities reveal several facilitating and constraining factors that relates both to the characteristics of climate risks, experience of climate variability and extreme weather events, and responsibility- and decision-making structures. Third, the analysis of the interaction between local experts and scientists show that there is potential for the boundary spanning function of science-based stakeholder dialogues in facilitating adaptation through stimulating questions and sharing different knowledge bases and experiences among the participants. However further attention needs to be taken to the institutional environment and the role of so called anchoring devices that help local experts to contextualise, discus and thus anchor scientific knowledge in their own decision-making context. In conclusion, there are both commonalities between adaptation processes in the two case studies and some marked differences, e.g., regarding the concept of adaptation, what type of adaptation actions that are identified, the perceived opportunities for adaptation and degree of complexity.
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| 5. |
- André, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Method Development for Identifying and Analysing Stakeholders in Climate Change Adaptation Processes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 14:3, s. 243-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is now widely recognized that stakeholder interaction and dialogue is essential to improve decisions about and awareness of climate change. The term ‘stakeholder’ is broad and researchers and practitioners may have interrelated and contrasting views on who is a stakeholder or who is (or should be) responsible for adaptation to climate change. To engage stakeholders in research or other projects on adaptation thus requires a careful mapping of the stakeholder landscape and identification of relevant actors at different levels. Through a case study approach, based on studies of two Swedish urban regions, Stockholm and Gothenburg, this paper proposes a systematic method to analyse and identify roles and responsibilities in the stakeholder landscape. The initial mapping exercise was complemented by participatory studies of local and regional stakeholders’ perceptions of who is, or should be, involved in adaptation and their significance for climate change adaptation in the respective regions. The results indicate the value of careful stakeholder analysis for sustainable, effective, planned adaptation that is flexible, but also systematic enough to fulfil practical and scientific requirements for the study and advancement of ongoing adaptation processes and implementation.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ballantyne, Anne Gammelgaard, 1981-
(författare)
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Exploring the Role of Visualization in Climate Change Communication – an Audience Perspective
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change communication is a topical and relevant issue, and it is widely acknowledged that public communication about causes, impacts and action alternatives is integral to addressing the challenges of the changing climate. Climate visualization concerns the communication of climate information and data through the use of different information technologies and different modes of visual representation. In the context of climate change communication, climate visualization is highlighted as a potential way of increasing public engagement with climate change. In particular, developments within information technology have provided significant advancements that are claimed to be transformative in engaging lay audiences with issues relating to the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research exploring climate visualization from an audience perspective. This thesis addresses this gap. The overarching aim is thus to explore the role of climate visualization in climate change communication from an audience perspective, focusing specifically on how lay audiences make meaning of climate change as represented in two examples of climate visualization. In addition, the thesis discusses the potential contributions and/or limitations of climate visualization from a communication perspective.Based on a social semiotic theoretical framework, this thesis employs focus group interviews to study participants’ meaning-making related to two cases of climate visualization: a dome theatre movie developed for Swedish high school students with the aim of encouraging reflection on climate change causes, impacts and mitigation alternatives, and a web-based tool for climate change adaptation developed to assist Nordic homeowners in adapting to the local impacts of climate change.The results of this thesis show that climate visualization can help audiences concretize otherwise abstract aspects of climate change, and that the localized focus can make climate change appear more personally relevant and interesting for targeted audiences. Nevertheless, despite these communicative qualities, the analyses also show that participants’ interpretations are shaped by their preconceptions of climate change as a global and distant issue to be solved by other actors, such as national governments, or through international policy negotiations. Although climate visualization can enhance a sense of proximity with climate change, the localization of climate risk can also lead to participants downplaying the significance of climate impacts. In addition, despite the intentions of inducing a sense of agency in both cases of climate visualization, participants critically negotiated messages concerning their roles as individuals in mitigating or adapting to climate change, and assigned this responsibility onto other actors. These findings show that although climate visualization presents certain communicative qualities, it is not a panacea for engaging lay audiences with climate change. This also underlines the importance of considering cultural and social aspects of the communicative event when studying and developing climate visualization tools as a means of communication.
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| 8. |
- Benulic, Kajsa-Stina, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of leadership in polycentric climate action
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Politics. - : Routledge; Taylor & Francis. - 0964-4016 .- 1743-8934. ; 31:6, s. 1016-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research points to leadership as a key ingredient in mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. We adopt a polycentric perspective and use focus group interviews with Swedish actors within the business sector, politics, and government agencies, to analyse participants views on what it means to lead, preconditions of leadership, and division of responsibilities, in a context of transformative change. Our results suggest that participants focus on collective dimensions of leadership rather than front-running but see multiple ways of demonstrating climate leadership as being available to actors across governance levels and issue areas. Challenges to these views on leadership include the request for shared rules and regulations, and courage among leaders to enact coercive top-down leadership to handle conflicts and trade-offs. We conclude that polycentric transformative leadership is by default polysemic and will require multiple leadership roles at different scales changing over time.
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| 9. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Framing the water and sanitation challenge : A history of urban water supply and sanitation in Ghana 1909 - 2005
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses the development of urban water supply and sanitation services in Ghana from 1909 to 2005. Special focus is put on institutional arrangements with regard to networked, large scale and centrally managed water and sewerage services. The national and international historical context is highlighted as a way to understand policy redirections in the sector. Further on, the concept of frames is used as an analytical tool in order to put light on the assumptions, arguments and reasons behind institutional reforms. The thesis finds that it was not until the water and sanitation challenge was framed from a productivity perspective, as opposed to a pure humanitarian “health frame”, that funds were released for investments in WSS infrastructure. To begin with, development strategies were largely focussed on “filling the gaps” in terms of manpower, technical and financial resources. As the water challenge was increasingly framed as a matter of managing scarcity, a new thinking gradually emerged which emphasized entrepreneurship, business mindedness and management skills as a way to achieve more efficiency within the sector. This development was also paralleled by a shift in the favoured organisational structure from an extremely centralised state utility model to a gradual focus on decentralisation and unbundling of the sector. Here a strong focus was put on private sector participation in urban water supply whereas the non-commercially viable task of sewerage development was decentralised to local authorities. The study finds that formal institutional change in the sector has been largely donor driven. However, the privatisation element of the recent urban water sector reform did not go unquestioned and a strong opposition movement concerned with the possible negative effects of privatisation was formed. Eventually the initial lease arrangement was transformed into a management contract where its signing was brought to closure in 2005. Besides changing frames strong elements of continuity in the urban water supply and sanitation sector development in Ghana are identified. Historical evidence demonstrate that urban water delivery was a highly political issue in Ghana already during colonial times which, just as today, was closely connected to the framing of water as independence and national integrity. The issue of finance and pricing has remained a constant concern and so the debate cannot be categorized as a novel issue that solely emanates from neo-liberal political trends during the 1980’s and 1990’s. The thesis argues that a legacy of a colonial frame tends to continue normalising inequalities in access and consumption. Continuity can also be found in a neglect of the issue of sanitation which persistently lags behind the development of water distribution. The dissertation concludes that the perceived space for policy alternatives in Ghanaian WSS sector development has been largely constrained by the historical context and contemporary development theories. Therefore, to constantly strive towards a frame reflective policy dialogue is strongly encouraged as a way for policy planners and decision makers to make well informed decisions for the future.
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| 10. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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On the call for issue advocates, or what it takes to make adaptation research useful
- 2018
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : SPRINGER. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 149:2, s. 121-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay discusses the concept of usefulness of research for climate change adaptation. Based on prior research and stakeholder interactions with policymakers and practitioners in the Nordic countries, we contend that critical issues related to the usefulness of adaptation research seem less associated with content (i.e. research outputs), but rather centre around the efforts made to design and communicate research, that is, to put research at the service of society and make the case for adaptation on the political agenda. This, we argue, to some extent mirrors the situation and political context in the Nordic countries, where adaptation in many locations still is an issue in its infancy, not firmly established on the political agendas, and where working procedures are not yet institutionally settled. In this context, science is considered and sometimes used as a discursive tool to make the case for adaptation. Based on the calls for research that inspires, raises hope and helps to raise the issue of adaptation on the political agendas, we elaborate the role of honest issue advocates for researchers in the field of adaptation science.
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| 11. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual Water : En visualiseringsplattform för dagvatten- och skyfallsplanering i ett klimat under förändring
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Visual Water (http//visualwater.se) är en interaktiv webbaserad visualiseringsplattform som syftar till att stötta svenska kommuner i arbetet för en hållbar dagvatten- och skyfallshantering. Plattformen är utformad för att svara mot centrala utmaningar som lyfts av svenska dagvattenaktörer som befinner sig i skiftet bort från de rörbundna nätverksidealen för avledning av dagvatten och strävar efter en högre grad av grön-blå och öppna lösningar i stadsmiljön.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Eliasson, Karin, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Transformations towards sustainable food systems: contrasting Swedish practitioner perspectives with the European Commission’s Farm to Fork Strategy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - Tokyo, Japan : Springer. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 17, s. 2411-2425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores features of food system transformations towards sustainability in the Farm to Fork Strategy in relation toperspectives of Swedish food system practitioners. Transformations towards sustainable food systems are essential to achievethe United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and the need for more sustainable food systems has been recognised in the European GreenDeal and its Farm to Fork Strategy. The Swedish ambition to act as a global leader in achieving the 2030 Agenda and theEuropean Commission’s aspiration for Europe to lead global food system transformations offer a critical opportunity to studytransformational processes and agents of change in a high-income region with externalised environmental and sustainabilityimpacts. Drawing on theories of complex systems transformations, this study identifies features of food system transformations,exploring places to intervene and examines the roles, responsibilities, and agency related to these changes. The resultsof this study provide three main conclusions highlighting (i) alignment of high-level policy and the perspectives of nationalpractitioners at the paradigm level, especially concerning how food is valued, which is a crucial first step for transformationalprocesses to come about (ii) a lack of clarity as well as diversity of pathways to transform food systems although commonobjectives are expressed, and (iii) governance mechanisms as enablers for a diversity of transformations. Moreover, theseprocesses must acknowledge the contextual and complex nature of food systems and the level of agency and power of actors.
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| 14. |
- Feetham, Pam, et al.
(författare)
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Using Talanoa as a Research Method can Facilitate Collaborative Engagement and Understanding between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Communities
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Qualitative Research. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1468-7941 .- 1741-3109. ; 23:5, s. 1439-1460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusion of indigenous knowledge and voices is paramount if societal transformations relative to climate change are to be fully and appropriately considered. However, much of the research in this area still uses Western-based research methodologies rather than methodologies driven by the local Indigenous communities. Therefore, it is highly likely that large numbers of affected communities remain excluded from global discussions and decisions around climate change solutions and policy. This article presents talanoa, a qualitative culturally centred research methodology used in many Pacific Island countries. As non-Indigenous researchers, we present our exploration of Indigenous research methods and talanoa experiences in a framework that confirms the importance of relationships when conducting research with Indigenous communities. We also propose that talanoa is a crucial component for qualitative research as it can help facilitate knowledge exchange and understanding among Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities.
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| 15. |
- Francisco, Marie, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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AI and the governance of sustainable development. An idea analysis of the European Union, the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an idea analysis of AI in the policy documents and reports of the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Economic Forum. The three organisations expect AI to contribute to sustainability and a prosperous future with better data analysis, greater amounts of quantitative knowledge, and by making economic and social activities less wasteful and more energy efficient. Several challenges are also named: ethics, human rights, cybersecurity, access to reliable data, transparency, and the digital gap. The solutions presented are multi-stakeholder collaboration, cohesive but flexible governance frameworks, but also taking the lead to push for ethical and value-based AI and making sure AI is sustainable. Ideas about AI appear to stem from discourses of ecological modernisation and green governmentality. This framing turns political and structural challenges into technical issues to be solved with more data, greater collaboration, and technical progress. The similarities in ideas between the EU, the UN, and the World Economic Forum also suggest that ideas about AI and sustainable development have reached discourse institutionalisation. Ideas about AI are therefore likely to reinforce already existing institutional and discursive settings.
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| 16. |
- Fridahl, Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Objectives for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) : Moving from Mitigation to Sustainable Development for more Ambitious Climate Policy
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- he new global climate agreement due in Paris, late 2015, will most likely be the sum of envisioned, nationally determined, actions. The concept of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) was agreed in 2007 to incentivise developing countries to enhance the implementation of the Climate Convention. A strategic choice for the international policy makers is whether NAMAs should emphasize mitigation or if emission reductions can be a supplementary benefit of pursuing sustainable development objectives. The International Negotiations Survey at the UN Climate Change Conferences shows critical differences among developing and developed countries’ governmental representatives on the primary goal of NAMAs. Yet substantial overlaps exist, which allows for probing common ground to build agreement. There seems to be support for making mitigation a co-benefit of NAMAs. Doing so would take the negotiations toward a very explicit low-emission development trajectory focus for developing countries, which may result in a more effective treaty. It is imperative to stress that mitigation prospects alone will not sell NAMAs to decision makers in most developing countries; the possibility of attracting international financial support to nationally defined development opportunities, with ancillary mitigation benefits, on the contrary, can be sold politically. Greater adherence to a wider development focus of NAMAs, with sustainable development as primary objective and mitigation as co-benefit, may well stimulate broader participation and spur enhanced national ambitions for Paris.
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| 17. |
- Fridahl, Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on the Green Climate Fund : Possible compromises on capitalization and balanced allocation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 8:2, s. 105-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Finance is at the heart of UN climate diplomacy. Through the long-term finance pledge, developed countries have committed to mobilize USD 100 billion annually from 2020 onwards to support climate action in developing countries. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is also expected to become a key player in the climate finance landscape. This viewpoint presents the views of representatives of developed and developing countries’ governments on how the annual sum of USD 100 billion should be dispensed by the GCF, based on a survey conducted at the 2013 UN Climate Change Conference in Warsaw. Respondents’ give their views on (1) the mitigation/adaptation ratio in GCF support and (2) the public/private ratio in financial sources. Respondents from developing countries would prefer to channel a substantially higher amount of the long-term finance pledge through the GCF. The extent to which the long-term finance pledge should be governed by the GCF is contentious, because governments pledge long-term finance without specifying the mitigation/adaptation ratio, whereas the GCF Board is tasked with balancing the allocation of its funds between adaptation and mitigation. This contention is fuelled by the fact that developing countries have a greater say in the allocation of funds from the GCF than from alternative sources of finance for the long-term finance pledge. We suggest that it is time to (1) reformulate the pledge to clarify its mitigation/adaptation ratio and (2) agree to definitions of key concepts such as “climate finance” and “private finance” to allow for more distinct negotiating positions on sources of finance.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Getting the NAMA Registry’s flawed incentive structure right
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annual Status Report on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 2014. - Petten and Cologne : ECN and Ecofys. ; , s. 32-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is prepared and published as part of the MitigationMomentum project, a collaboration between ECN Policy Studies and Ecofys Germany. The project aims to support the development of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) by contributing to the concrete development of NAMA proposals, and foster cooperation and knowledge exchange within the NAMA community.The UNFCCC NAMA Registry will most likely become asidelined remnant in the future NAMA landscape unlessthe flawed incentive structure for making submissions isaddressed. The main disincentive for filing NAMAs in theRegistry is plain: its matching function is failing, so far.The potential of the Registry as a site of learning, trustbuilding and efficiency will be hard to realize withoutaddressing this disincentive.Here, we suggest ideas to actualize the Registry intoa central node for both matching NAMA proposalswith support and information sharing. We centre theargument on making the Registry a submission portalfor NAMAs seeking support. The suggestions imply anumber of consequential issues that we also outline inbrief.
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| 20. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-
(författare)
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Historical responsibility : Assessing the past in international climate negotiations
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Assessments of the past are essential to the struggle over the right to define the normative position of history under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite this importance, attempts to analyze the use of history in this context are rare. This thesis aims to investigate how assessments of the past are used in UNFCCC negotiations on responsibilities to act, focusing on negotiations on historical responsibilities. The research questions concern how discourse on historical responsibility: 1) can be structured, 2) is influenced by UNFCCC negotiating practice, 3) has been structured in the UNFCCC, and 4) has enabled agreement despite considerable conflict. Official UNFCCC documentation between 1991 and 2011 was studied using discourse analysis. This study suggests: first, the UNFCCC discourse on historical responsibility conveys two main assessments—a proportional and a conceptual one—of how the past could be used to differentiate responsibilities to act. Second, the strong consensus focus necessitates rationales underlying an “agreeable history” that is neither too flexible, allowing arbitrariness, nor too rigid, reducing Parties’ likelihood of ratifying. Third, as the past evolves, new situations challenge discourse that potentially engages policy makers with a need to rearticulate history. Fourth, if the context changes, so may the importance ascribed to particular assessments of the past. If the stakes increase over time, even more effort is required to reach agreement, which simultaneously becomes more important in solving problems of common concern. Fifth, power seems difficult to circumvent, even by means of cleverly designed negotiating practice. If so, multilateral environmental negotiations could increase the legitimacy of outcomes among Parties in two principal ways: first, by identifying the core conflict that drives negotiations and, second, by evaluating how multilateral environmental negotiations handle conflict. Obscuring or ignoring conflict will likely only reduce the legitimacy of the negotiations.
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| 21. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions through the Green Climate Fund : Governance capacities and challenges
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Forum on Development and Mitigation, Cape Town 2014. - Cape Town : Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town. - 9780620596930 ; , s. 65-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Green Climate Fund (GCF), the new operating entity under the Financial Mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, is emerging as an innovative multilateral climate finance institution. Among other things, it is commissioned to support developing countries’ project-based and programmatic pursuits to address climate change, including Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Promising as these ambitions may be, the GCF’s effectiveness in supporting NAMAs hinges on overcoming significant governance challenges. Using perspectives from international environmental law and governance literature, this paper identifies some crucial governance challenges and analyses the capacities granted to the GCF Board in dealing with them. Developed countries expect that support will lead to measured emissions reductions. Developing countries prefer stringent monitoring of support while hesitating to agree on internationally defined NAMA criteria. The GCF will struggle with this balancing act. Absence of concrete criteria for deciding on NAMA support may prompt potential funders to seek other channels for supporting NAMAs. On the other hand, too-rigid criteria may discourage developing countries from submitting NAMA proposals. For the GCF to be effective in incentivising development and diffusion of NAMAs, we argue that the contracting Parties to the Convention will have to forge an institution that has the capacity to balance diverging expectations on NAMAs. Our analysis indicates that the GCF Board has the governance capacity to efficiently deal with this challenging balancing act. Inability to exercise this capacity may result in establishing a strong empty shell for supporting NAMAs.
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| 22. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Technologies confining equity : the case of historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Technologies of Nature Politics, 2006.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concept of historical responsibility aims at attributing individual country burdens in mitigating climate change based on the relative levels of past emissions. Brazil presented the first comprehensive version of the concept of historical responsibility before the pre Kyoto climate change negotiations in 1997. The -Brazilian proposal- combined retributive and distributive as well as inter- and intra-generational justice. However, the issue of historical responsibility very soon turned technical and was referred to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice. It illustrates how disparities in knowledge production influence the negotiations. The proposal was restrained in policy process due to lack of scientific expertise from Southern countries and due to non-inclusive discourse. The proposal stranded on problems of how to correctly represent physical nature in mathematical models, marginalising the original intentions of equity in relation to the North-South divide as well as to past and future generations thus undercutting a potential angle of approach for achieving good global governance.
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| 23. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Technology obscuring equity : the case of historical responsibility in UNFCCC
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many of today's most pressing environmental problems share one important characteristic: they are cross-boundary, i.e., they disregard political and geographical borders. Obviously, this is challenging for several reasons. One is that present legal and political institutionshave no effective reach beyond the nation-state. The same is the case with most political authority. Furthermore, the border crossing character of many environmental problems is also ethically challenging. What is a fair distribution of the burdens required to mitigate and adapt to e.g., climate change, chemical pollution andover use of marine resources and/or to make society less vulnerable to its' consequences? And perhaps even more difficult: Who has theresponsibility to take action - those causing the problems or those inrisk to suffer from the devastating effects? The papers in this section are discussing environmental problems from such points of view as authority, responsibility and distributive justice.
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| 24. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology obscuring equity : the case of historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Authority, Responsibility and Justice in Environmental Politics. - Oslo : NIBR. - 9788270716852 ; , s. 103-122
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to the concept of historical responsibility, the commitments of individual countries to mitigating climate change are distributed based on the relative effects of their past emissions as manifested in present climate change. Brazil presented a comprehensive version of the concept to pre-Kyoto negotiations in 1997. The “Brazilian proposal” originally combined several justice principles; however, following referral to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, discussion soon became technical. This case illustrates how disparities in knowledge production and framing can influence the inclusiveness of negotiations. Southern participation in the policy process was restrained due to lack of scientific expertise on the part of Southern countries and due to the non-inclusive biophysical discourse traditionally preferred by the North. The historical responsibility issue became stranded on problems of how correctly to represent physical nature in climate models. This marginalized the original intention that equity should be the guiding principle of the North−South interaction, arguably undercutting a potential angle of approach to advance the climate change negotiations.
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| 25. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology obscuring equity: historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 8:4, s. 339-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the concept of historical responsibility, the commitments of individual countries to take action on climate change are distributed based on the relative effects of their past emissions as manifested in present climate change. Brazil presented a comprehensive version of the concept to pre-Kyoto negotiations in 1997. The ‘Brazilian proposal’ originally combined several justice principles; however, following referral to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, discussion soon became confined to technical calculations. This case illustrates how disparities in knowledge production and framing can influence the inclusiveness of negotiations. Southern participation in the policy process was restrained due to lack of scientific expertise on the part of Southern countries and due to the non-inclusive biophysical discourse traditionally preferred by Northern policy-makers. The historical responsibility issue became stranded on problems of how to correctly represent physical nature in climate models. This marginalized the original intention that equity should be the guiding principle of the North–South interaction, arguably undercutting a potential angle of approach to advance the climate change negotiations. The article concludes that in the interest of facilitating the North–South dialogue in climate change negotiations, any framing of historical responsibility that excludes equity needs to be redefined.
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| 26. |
- Glaas, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development and user testing of the ICT-platform Visual Water supporting sustainable municipal stormwater planning
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Taylor & Francis Ltd. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 19:9, s. 962-974
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to develop sustainable stormwater management is intensifying due to climate impacts and urban densification. Such complex planning processes require insights into disparate issues, connecting heterogeneous actors. While many decision-support tools are developed to facilitate such planning, research assessing their usefulness is requested. This study introduces and assesses one such ICT-tool; the Visual Water platform, aiming to support sustainable stormwater planning in Swedish municipalities. The study aims to identify critical points to consider for developers of related decision-support tools and to detangle requirements and tradeoffs in making them relevant and user-friendly, building on test-sessions with Swedish practitioners. Results show that the platform responds to challenges within municipal planning as outlined by Swedish practitioners. However, though the platform content is considered relevant, its application in real-world planning is perceived as somewhat unclear. The paper discusses ideas for how sustainability-related decision-support tools better can respond to user demands.
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| 27. |
- Glaas, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Facilitating climate change adaptation through communication : Insights from the development of a visualization tool
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296. ; 10, s. 57-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change communication on anticipated impacts and adaptive responses is frequently presentedas an effective means to facilitate implementation of adaptation to mitigate risks to residential buildings.However, it requires that communication is developed in a way that resonates with the context of thetarget audience, provides intelligible information and addresses perceived barriers to adaptation. In thispaper we reflect upon criteria for useful climate change communication gained over a three year developmentprocess of a web-based tool – VisAdaptTM – aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity amongNordic homeowners. Based on the results from continuous user-testing and focus group interviews weoutline lessons learned and key aspects to consider in the design of tools for communicating complexissues such as climate change effects and adaptive response measures.
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| 28. |
- Glaas, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Visualization for supporting individual climate change adaptation planning: Assessment of a web-based tool
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Landscape and Urban Planning. - : Elsevier. - 0169-2046 .- 1872-6062. ; 158, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homeowners are important actors in implementing climate change adaptation. However, individual socio-cognitive constraints related to risk perceptions and perceived capacity may hamper their action. Climate change visualization could help planning and management overcome such constraints by offering accessible information to increase individual adaptive capacity. Such visualization would require that information be perceived as legitimate and credible by emphasizing the diversity of impacts and alternative options, and simultaneously as salient by highlighting context-specific risks and measures. Based on focus group interviews and test sessions, we analysed how homeowners made sense of and discussed a specific interactive planning support tool – VisAdapt™ – integrating climate scenarios, local risk maps, and adaptation measures for various house types. The tool combines precise and general depictions in visualizing climate change to support adaptation among Nordic homeowners. Results reveal that the tool spurred reflection on concrete local risks and various adaptation actions. The tool was less successful in providing a framework for assessing the magnitude of anticipated changes, making these appear as generally small. Visualization aspects that are important for spurring reflection on adaptive action are specifying various climate parameters, relating climate impacts to established practices for managing weather risks, and emphasizing diverse concrete short- and long-term measures.
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| 29. |
- Gottenhuber, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Greening recovery – Overcoming policy incoherence for sustainability transformations
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Policy and Governance. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1756-932X .- 1756-9338. ; 33:5, s. 546-560
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy coherence is crucial in the 2030 Agenda's transformative ambitions and heralded as of paramount importance to ensure the successful implementation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and climate policy targets. Despite political efforts to achieve policy coherence, apparent trade-offs and goal conflicts have emerged – even in a proclaimed ‘front-runner’ country like Sweden. This paper examines the role of ideas in proposing and legitimising policy options and achieving policy coherence in the light of the Swedish recovery debate in 2020 following the COVID-19 pandemic. Ideas of a green economic recovery put forward in the public debate are examined through thematic text and frame analysis. We show that ideas of a green transition, boosted by economic recovery spending, draw on a synergistic frame in combining social, environmental, and economic policy options, carrying a potential for coherency. However, the absence of a discussion on power, as in who stands to gain what under which circumstances, coupled with an inherent understanding of a temporal hierarchy of policy priorities does not only impact the ability to design coherent policies but may have considerable impacts on the prospects of achieving sustainability transformations.
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| 30. |
- Grennfelt, Peringe, et al.
(författare)
-
Socio-Economic Research in Support of Climate Policy Development: Mistras Research Program Clipore
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - Stockholm : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mistras Climate Policy Research Program, Clipore, is one of the largest research programs directed to support international climate policy development, involving research groups in Sweden, Norway, United States and India. It has been running from 2004 to 2011 with a budget of more than 100 MSEK (15 M USD). The paper briefly describes the program and its outcomes in relation to climate policy development. Discussion focuses on how the program has been able to be in the front of and include the development of emissions trading systems in Europe and the United States and how the program has been able to follow and produce inputs to the agenda of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The paper also discusses how the program has managed to present its outcomes and maintain an active dialogue with the various stakeholders. The paper emphasises options and obstacles in the communication between science and policy.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hedrén, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Utopian thought and the politics of sustainable development
- 2009
-
Ingår i: FUTURES. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-3287. ; 41:4, s. 210-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that utopian thought is a necessary condition for the politics of sustainable development. Since utopian thought has so far been constrained by some typically Western features from the era of modernity, this requires a shift that transcends the following three fundamental aspects: the notions of fixed truth, fixed territoriality and fixed final goals for politics. The article argues that the concept of global sustainable development can entail three new elements of utopian thought: the disintegration of fixed territoriality, a never-ending story, and prismatic blueprints. Using these elements, utopian thought can provide transformative power, so that politics and policy making call meet contemporary global challenges to development and the environment.
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| 33. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental management since world war II
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This background report to the IVA project “Environmental Foresight” presents how environmental problems and their management have evolved since World War II divided into five time periods: 1945-1971, 1972-1981, 1982-1991, 1992-2001, and 2002 and beyond. For each time period, the report recapitulates some of the most important socioeconomic and geopolitical trends internationally and nationally as well as the environmental debate. It presents a selection of environmental issues that received a lot of attention, including, inter alia, how and at what administrative level the issues under consideration were managed and what types of political interventions were used.In the first period we give three examples of issues that were essential in the environmental discourse at the time: 1) Global food supply, which illustrates that environmental issues always have contained a global dimension. 2) Struggles over the expansion of water power, shows another aspect of the controversies that follow exploitation of natural resources. 3) The spreading of mercury, represents the growing awareness that economic activities affected the environment and the growing concerns about pollution that arose at that time. In the second time period 1972-1981, the first example involves the efforts to link economic development and environmental consideration at UN level and in which Swedish diplomacy played a key role. The second example concerns an issue that has remained essential, namely the supply of energy, particularly the two oil crises and the fate of nuclear power. In the 1980s, and certain environmental problems were framed and more or less successfully handled in this new context. The report provides three examples of the increased emphasis on transboundary framing and handling of environmental degradation in the 1980s: 1) Acidification, which was managed rapidly at national level in Sweden wheras international regulation took almost two more decades. 2) The ozone hole, which inter alia illustrates the role of science in detecting environmental issues. Emblematic for the period 1992-2001 are the revival of the attempts to link economic growth and environmental consideration and the controversies surrounding of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Today we see an increasing emphasis on linkages between environmental issues, not the least climate, and trade. Another topical issue today is the Baltic Sea, which is a common regional resource that provides a multitude of ecological services and faces a number of environmental challenges.Globalisation and social, technological, cultural and economic modernisation processes influence two fundamental processes that characterize the period cover in this report: an unprecedented global environmental change, a dramatic shift in social organisation vis-à-vis the environment. The report concludes that although history do not repeat itself, we can conclude that hitherto chances of a successful management of an environmental issues has increased with a combination of political will/ambition as well as windows of opportunities in geopolitical, socioeconomic and technological respects. Consequently, reflexive and adaptive institutions have an advantage in coping with the inherent uncertainties of future conditions in economy, technology, politics and society.
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| 34. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Functions of COP side-events in climate-change governance
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 10:2, s. 167-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Side-events are the most visible venue for civil society involvement in international climate negotiations. The many varied functions that side-events fulfil for participants and organizers are identified and analysed for their contributions generally as well as for their contribution to the negotiation process. The analysis is based on two surveys of over 2,000 side-event participants and organizers at COP-13 and COP-14. The surveyed side-events were found to fulfil the broader official objective of benefiting COP participants through providing a shared conceptual basis as well as building institutional capacity and legitimacy. All participant groups, particularly from Africa, G77, and less-developed countries, found these events useful for their work. As a venue for information dissemination, side-events provide an important opportunity for capacity building. Historically, new items were introduced at COP side-events before being discussed in the formal negotiations. Side-events also provide a process for creating a shared vision. By providing a forum that includes more organizations and actors in conjunction with the negotiations, side-events have the potential to increase the input legitimacy of the international policy process. A significant challenge will be the inclusion of a wider range of stakeholder groups and geographical, socioeconomic and epistemic communities, in order to avoid favouring the hegemony of NGOs and other organisations based in industrialized countries, as well as Annex 1 Parties.
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| 35. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, 1972-
(författare)
-
Sustainable Development and Urban Water Management : Linking Theory and Practice of Economic Criteria
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest in using criteria and indicators for assessing activities in relation to sustainable development is increasing. This dissertation analyses the potential for using economic criteria for assessment of urban water management in relation to sustainable development. The analysis consists of three parts.First, to analyse the basis for economic criteria, there is a need to categorise general frameworks, disciplinary theories and practical assessments in order to explore what the economic dimension of sustainable could imply, depending on general assumptions about challenges, goals and means. Consequently, a number of general frameworks, economic theories and urban water assessments were categorised.Second, based on this analysis, a set of economic criteria was chosen, consisting of maintenance of water infrastructure, affordability, cost-recovery, effectiveness and development potential. For each criterion, one or more indicators are suggested.Third, these indicators were tested in three cases from Swedish municipalities: introduction of volumetric billing in a low-income apartment area, increased water supply in a growing city and introduction of kitchen waste disposers in a city with a stagnant population.On the basis of the application, introduction of volumetric billing in a low-income area resulted in deteriorating affordability and effectiveness, whereas cost-recovery improved. Introduction of kitchen waste disposers in a stagnant area was questionable from an effectiveness viewpoint whereas the water infrastructure was well maintained. In the growing city, increased income and population determined the outcome of the affordability, cost-recovery and development potential criteria, which all improved.The study also found that using economic criteria and indicators for assessment of urban water management in relation to sustainable development requires a continuous balance between the universal and the context specific, that is, between the criteria and indicators used and the water infrastructure change being assessed. This emphasises that criteria used should relate to all dimensions of sustainable development as well as of the decisiveness of involving actors and other stakeholders in sustainable development assessments.
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| 36. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Synergier mellan världshandels-och klimatpolitik : Exemplet ökad användning av biodrivmedel
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biodrivmedel är ett av de tydligaste exemplen på synergi mellan världshandeloch klimatpolitik. Inom de pågående WTO-förhandlingarna har Brasilien harföreslagit att etanol ska tas upp som en av de miljövaror för vilka tullargradvis ska avskaffas. Gradvis liberalisering av handel med biodrivmedel,som en jordbruks- eller industrivara, är i linje med WTO:s mål samtidigt somökad användning av biodrivmedel är en verkningsfull åtgärd för att minskautsläppen av växthusgaser från trafiken – klimatpolitikens sorgebarn. Föreuropeisk del är denna fråga av särskilt intresse, på grund av dengemensamma skyddstullen för import av etanol.Rapporten har kartlagt olika konsekvenser som en ökad sammanlänkningmellan internationella avtal om världshandel och klimatförändringar kan fåför svensk politik för att öka användningen av biodrivmedel.Uppfattningarna varierar bland forskare och beslutsfattare om vilka effekteren ökad grad av interaktion mellan de handels- och klimatpolitiska områdenskulle få. Även om det ännu inte uppstått någon formell konflikt mellanregelverken inom FN:s klimatkonvention och WTO finns det problem som kanhämma åtaganden och genomförande på sikt, t.ex. subventioner och tullargällande biobränslen. Avsaknaden av tvist ger en indikation på att ingetmedlemsland ännu ansett att de klimatpolitiska styrmedlen försvåratgränsöverskridande handel nämnvärt eller skapat nya handelshinder förutländska företagDe flesta bedömare är överens om att bestämmelserna i WTO:s olika avtaloch klimatkonventionen och Kyotoprotokollet kan vara kompatibla medvarandra. Det handlar om att utforma handlingsprogram och åtgärder på rättsätt.Under det senaste decenniet har WTO:s avtal kommit att täcka ett allt vidareområde och accelererat liberaliseringen av den gränsöverskridande handelnmed varor och tjänster. Klimatavtalen har fokuserat på att minska eller i vartfall minska ökningstakten för utsläppen av växthusgaser, i första steget frånde rika länderna. Avtalen pekar också ut en rad områden inom vilka staternaförväntas genomföra sådana åtgärder, t.ex. främja energieffektivisering ochuthålligt jordbruk samt ökad användning av nya och förnyelsebaraenergikällor.Några områden för vilka förhållandet mellan regelsystemen bedöms vara merproblematiska är: Frågan om produktionsprocesser och produktionsmetoder somexempelvis försvårar användandet av kriterier för val av klimatvänligaalternativ i offentlig upphandling, Exportsubventioner som aldrig är tillåtna, Obligatoriska standarder och certifieringssystem: statlig inblandningoch förtäckta handelshinder.3Det finns också en osäkerhet, eftersom inga formella tvister ännu har gälltnågra av de klimatpolitiska styrmedel som utvecklats och just tagits i drift,men tidigare tillämpningar i liknande fall anses ge ett ganska gott underlagför bedömning. Utifrån en sådan bedömning anses exempelvis den modellmed garanterat pris för elektricitet framställd av förnybara råvaror somanvänds i Tyskland och det system med gröna drivmedelscertifikat somhåller på att utvecklas i Storbritannien vara kompatibla med WTO:s regler. I framtiden väntas klimatregionen såväl skärpas inom utsläppsområdet somvidgas till att innefatta andra områden, såsom anpassning och koppling tillutvecklingsmål. Detta kommer sannolikt att öka risken för effekter påinternationell handel. Inom handelsregimen är det inte osannolikt attförhandlingarna inom jordbruksavtalet (och GATT) kommer att påbörja enliberalisering av handel med produkter för framställning av biobränslenoch/eller med de färdiga bränslena. Detta skapar ett tryck på att minskaeller avskaffa EU:s skyddstull för etanol. Det skapar också nya möjligheterför den svenska miljöteknikindustrin och för svenska lantbruksföretaggenom att snabbt kunna dra nytta av den förändrademarknadsförutsättningarna. Biodrivmedel är ett tydligt exempel på enpotentiell synergi mellan handel och klimat, eftersom handel i dagsläget ärmycket liten.Viktiga områden i den närmaste framtiden kan vara: Stöd för införande av miljöteknik (lika för alla företag mm) Subventioner till odling av biogrödor (påverkar detproduktionsvolymen?) Bristande harmonisering, dvs. länder inför olika typer av åtgärder ochpå skild sätt, vilket ökar risken för ojämlika konkurrensförhållanden.Rapporten diskuterar fyra sätt att främja användningen av biobränslen: skärpning av befintlig bränsle- och fordonsbeskattning gröna drivmedelscertifikat bilar som kan drivas med alternativa drivmedel som standard transportsektorn med i handel med utsläppsrätter.Samtliga system är eller kan göras kompatibla med WTO:s regelsystem (t.ex.genom att fler tillverkare tillhandahåller bilar som kan drivas medbiobränslen) och skulle därför gå att använda. De får dock olika effekter förmarkandens aktörer.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
The function of side events at the Conference of the Parties to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Civil society involvement has grown to become an integral part of the UN negotiatingprocess. The side events at the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are today the most visible componentof and the only formal avenue of civil society involvement in international climate negotiations. This study assesses the extent to which side events effectively: a) provide input to the negotiations and b) contribute to the construction of the climate regime. Through surveying organisers of and participants in side events as well as COP delegates, we have analysed i) who attends side events, ii) why they attend them, iii) why organisations arrange side events, and iv) the outcome of side events.We distributed a questionnaire to all organisers of side events at COP 13 and the participants in twenty of the 200 side events held in Bali in November 2007. In addition, we also surveyed a strategic sample of the 10,800 participants at COP 13, receiving a total of nearly 1,100 responses.This report concludes that the side events fulfil the broader official objective of benefitingCOP participants, as these events are rated of high value across all participant groups and geographical categories. Negotiators were by far the most important target audience of all categories of side events, followed by representatives of UN organisations and researchers. Organisers considered the G77 plus China to be the most important Party groupings to reachin all categories of side events.The average number of side event participants was 82. The attendance at mitigation side events was 42% higher than at adaptation events. However, more negotiators and governmentrepresentatives attended adaptation side events, whereas there was very little media andbusiness and even less NGO and researcher presence at adaptation compared with mitigationevents. If we up-scale the results of this survey, approximately 1,400 of the 3,500 Party participants attended side events.The study indicates high side event participation from countries with large economies,countries near the COP venue, and the host country. Three of eight side event participants were NGO representatives. About one quarter of the participantsconsisted of negotiators or government representatives. Each side event was attended by anaverage of seven negotiators, 14 government representatives, eight business representatives, seven UN/IGO representatives, and three media representatives. Business representatives.
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| 39. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Utopian and dystopian thought in climate change science and policy
- 2009
-
Ingår i: FUTURES. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-3287. ; 41:4, s. 234-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change policies are increasingly seen as integral to sustainable development policies. This article examines how visions of future society have been employed in climate science and multilateral negotiations. Using elements of utopian and dystopian thought, we have categorized UNFCCC documents, IPCC assessments, and special reports and peer-reviewed climate policy articles. Our results indicate that utopian thinking surfaces with reference to sustainable development and emissions scenarios. Such visions of future society fall into three categories: projections, dystopian thought, and utopian thought. Dystopian thought is mainly evident in the rhetoric of various actors, and is used to spur action or inaction, to avoid either economic catastrophe by acting too fast or ecological catastrophe by not acting fast enough. Utopian elements in climate change science and policy refer to decoupling greenhouse gases and economic growth, evenly distributing the benefits of economic globalization, and smoothing technological development. The present piecemeal invocation of sustainable development concepts in climate science and policy emphasizes the difficulties of integrating environmental, social, and economic concerns. The article concludes that utopian thinking regarding sustainable development could result in more integrated and holistic visions of future society in climate science and policy.
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| 40. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Utopian thought as a missed opportunity and leverage point for systemic change
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Climate Change and the Crisis of Capitalism. - London : Routledge. - 9780415676946 ; , s. 159-172
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are established economic, social and political practices capable of dealing with the combined crises of climate change and the global economic system? Will falling back on the wisdoms that contributed to the crisis help us to find ways forward or simply reconfigure risk in another guise? This volume argues that the combination of global environmental change and global economic restructuring require a re-thinking of the priorities, processes and underlying values that shape contemporary development aspirations and policy.This volume brings together leading scholars to address these questions from several disciplinary perspectives: environmental sociology, human geography, international development, systems thinking, political sciences, philosophy, economics and policy/management science. The book is divided into four sections that examine contemporary development discourses and practices. It bridges geographical and disciplinary divides and includes chapters on innovative governance that confront unsustainable economic and environmental relations in both developing and developed contexts. It emphasises the ways in which dominant development paths have necessarily forced a separation of individuals from nature, but also from society and even from ‘self’. These three levels of alienation each form a thread that runs through the book. There are different levels and opportunities for a transition towards resilience, raising questions surrounding identity, governance and ecological management. This places resilience at the heart of the contemporary crisis of capitalism, and speaks to the relationship between the increasingly global forms of economic development and the difficulties in framing solutions to the environmental problems that carbon-based development brings in its wake.. Existing social science can help in not only identifying the challenges but also potential pathways for making change locally and in wider political, economic and cultural systems, but it must do so by identifying transitions out of carbon dependency and the kind of political challenges they imply for reflexive individuals and alternative community approaches to human security and wellbeing
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| 41. |
- Jernnäs, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A discursive cartography of nationally determined contributions to the Paris climate agreement
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 55, s. 73-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2015 Paris Agreement was adopted in a geopolitical context that is very different from the post-Cold War era when the Climate Convention was negotiated. This new global climate deal responds to a more fragmented and multipolar world signified by the rise of major economies in the South. This paper examines the geopolitical landscape in which the Paris Agreement is enacted and implemented. We conduct a discursive analysis of the Nationally Determined Contributions submitted by parties to the Paris Agreement. We ask what policy discourses emerge in these national climate plans, which states cluster around them and how they compare to UNFCCC annex, geographical location, income group, and negotiation coalitions. Our findings suggest that liberal environmentalism retains a strong hold over the political imagination in the post-Paris landscape. However, we see points of diffraction and tensions that might give rise to conflict. While liberal environmentalism is only challenged in Nationally Determined Contributions from the global South, we conclude that conventional geopolitical patterns only partly explain the formation of discourse coalitions. In the Paris Agreements implementation stage discursive struggles are likely to become increasingly prominent. Discourse analysis facilitates understanding of disagreements on the Paris rulebook and the global stocktake.
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| 42. |
- Jernnäs, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-national patterns of governance mechanisms in nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 19:10, s. 1239-1249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continuous submission and scaling-up of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) constitutes a key feature of the Paris Agreement. In their NDCs, states propose governance mechanisms for implementation of climate action, in turn distinguishing appropriate roles for the state in climate governance. Clarity on Parties’ suggested roles for the state makes explicit assumptions on the premise of climate policy, in turn contributing to enhanced transparency in negotiations on the scaling-up of NDCs. This also speaks to ongoing debates on roles for the state in climate governance literature. This article identifies the governance mechanisms proposed by states in their NDCs and the roles for the state envisioned by those governance mechanisms, and also examines how cross-national patterns of roles for the state break or converge with conventional patterns of international politics. The analysis shows that states propose a plurality of roles, which to different extents may be complementary or conflictual. We conclude that income, region, and the Annexes under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are important for understanding suggested roles for the state, but that there are nuances to be further explored. We argue that this paper has three key findings: i) a majority of states rely on market mechanisms to implement their NDCs while rules on implementation and assessment of market mechanisms are still an outstanding issue in the negotiations, meaning that resolving this issue will be essential; ii) the process for evaluating and assessing qualitative governance mechanisms needs to be specified; and iii) increased awareness of differing views on the state’s roles makes explicit different perspectives on what constitutes an ambitious and legitimate contribution to combating climate change.
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| 43. |
- Jernnäs, Maria, 1992-
(författare)
-
Governing Climate Change under the Paris Regime : Meeting Urgency with Voluntarism
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The climate is changing. As the global mean temperature continues to rise, the immense urgency of addressing the climate change crisis is evident. Since climate change entered the international political agenda in the 1980s, efforts to construct an effective global response have been organized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Recently, this UN-led interstate diplomacy has been criticized for its inability to grapple with the polycentric, multiactor landscape of today. In this context, the 2015 Paris Agreement altered the formal context of global climate politics by institutionalizing a ‘hybrid,’ ‘catalytic’ regime where states are to outline, submit, and periodically enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the global response. While the continuous submission of NDCs is legally binding, their content and design are largely determined by states’ ideas about the appropriate means and ends of climate action. The Paris regime also entails an unprecedented position for nonstate actors who were welcomed as an integral part of climate mitigation and adaptation and invited to pledge their contributions to the global effort through various UNFCCC-led initiatives. Through this supposedly cata-lytic design, the Paris regime pins its hopes on continuous increases in ambition levels and implementation rates of states’ and nonstate actors’ pledges to stave off the urgent crisis that is climate change. Global climate governance research has delved into the characteristics of this new architecture to examine how the disperse climate action pledges can be understood, aggregated, and enhanced, and how this hybrid design can ensure legitimate orchestration of a plurality of actors. While providing valuable suggestions for enhanced effectiveness of and participation in the Paris regime, this thesis suggests that post-Paris climate governance research to a large extent center around issues of improving the functions of the Paris model and that there is a lack of critical accounts of how the hybrid, catalytic, and largely voluntary Paris design rests upon and projects particular ways of ordering world politics. To fill this gap, this thesis draws upon Foucauldian governmentality studies to critically examine how climate change is governed through voluntarism under the Paris regime and its political implications in terms of shaping the idea of what constitutes appropriate climate conduct. It asks how climate change is constructed as a problem for government by exploring the rationalities that inform climate governance under the Paris regime and the technologies through which governing is conducted. By illuminating the ideas and practices that underpin governing through voluntarism, the thesis contributes to a critical discussion on the means and ends of this mode of governing which, in turn, carves space for articulation of alternative problem descriptions and solutions. The thesis builds on four studies that, in turn, examine how climate change is problematized in states’ NDCs in terms of climate policy discourses employed (Paper I) and suggested roles for the state in climate action (Paper II), and how climate action is mobilized through the NDC (Paper III) and UNFCCC-led initiatives to engage nonstate actors (Paper IV). The thesis demonstrates that governing climate change through voluntarism under the Paris regime is characterized by efforts of coordination that emphasize a need for quantifiable, comparable, and aggregable climate actions. Rather than merely a technical necessity for organizing disperse climate pledges, it argues that coordination is a governing strategy that posits climate action as a non-conflictual project of problem-management and shapes the idea of appropriate climate conduct by constructing states and nonstate actors as responsible actors charged with keeping their conduct in check. At the same time, the thesis also finds that the Paris regime leaves some room for resistance where alternative ideas on the appropriate means and ends of government can be advanced and debated. It argues, however, that the overwhelming emphasis on coordination shapes the field of possibilities for resistance by treating resisters as ‘those not yet convinced,’ rather than as ex-pressors of fundamental political differences. In essence, by illuminating how current modes of government shape the idea of appropriate climate conduct, the thesis stresses that the urgency of the climate change challenge must not foreclose critical discussions on how governing climate change under the Paris regime is accomplished.
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| 44. |
- Johansson, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Climate Visualization: An Information Visualization Approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Information Visualization, IV10. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424478460 ; , s. 156-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the growing demand of communicating climate science and policy research, the interdisciplinary field of climate visualization has increasingly extended its traditional use of 2D representations and techniques from the field of scientific visualization to include information visualization for the creation of highly interactive tools for both spatial and abstract data. This paper provides an initial discussion on the need and design of evaluations for climate visualization. We report on previous experiences and identify how evaluation methods commonly used in information visualization can be used in climate visualization to increase our understanding of visualization techniques and tools.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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VisAdapt: A Visualization Tool to Support Climate Change Adaptation
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0272-1716 .- 1558-1756. ; 37:2, s. 54-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Web-based visualization VisAdapt tool was developed to help laypeople in the Nordic countries assess how anticipated climate change will impact their homes. The tool guides users through a three-step visual process that helps them explore risks and identify adaptive actions specifically modified to their location and house type. This article walks through the tool's multistep, user-centered design process. Although VisAdapt's target end users are Nordic homeowners, the insights gained from the development process and the lessons learned from the project are applicable to a wide range of domains.
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| 46. |
- Johansson, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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VisAdapt-Increasing Nordic Houseowners' Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781479962273 ; , s. 255-256
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This poster presents the design and implementation of the web-based visual analytics tool VisAdapt which allows houseowners in the Nordic countries to assess potential climate related risk factors that may have an impact on their living conditions, and to get an overview of existing guidelines of how to adapt to climate change and extreme weather effects.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Juhola, Sirkku, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation decision-making in the Nordic countries: assessing the potential for joint action
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment Systems and Decisions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2194-5403 .- 2194-5411. ; 34:4, s. 600-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a global context, the outlook for the Nordic region is relatively favourable, given its relatively stronger resiliency to climate change impacts in comparison to many other geo-political regions of the world. Overall, the projected climatic changes include increases in mean temperatures and in precipitation, although regional variations can be significant. The countries’ robust institutions and economies give them a strong capacity to adapt to these changes. Still, the need for adaptation to the changing climate has been and still is substantial, and in most of the region, there has been progress on the issue. This paper explores the potential for Nordic cooperation on adaptation; specifically, for the development of a regional adaptation strategy. In particular, it addresses two questions (1) What is the current state of adaptation in the Nordic countries? and (2) What are the potential benefits and weaknesses of a Nordic strategy for adaptation? In order to answer these two questions, this paper examines reviews the current national adaptation policies of each Nordic country and discusses the challenges facing a Nordic strategy and finally assesses the potential for common Nordic adaptation policy and further cooperation.
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| 49. |
- Juhola, Sirkku, et al.
(författare)
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Redefining maladaptation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 55:1, s. 135-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As experiences of implementation of climate change adaptation are accumulating, there is a need toincrease the understanding of the potential negative consequences of adaptation actions that mightoccur, and the capacity of research to assess them. Maladaptation used in this context has remainedelusively defined and sparingly used, and therefore difficult to apply. Based on a literature review, wediscuss the conceptual boundaries of maladaptation and how it can be used to analyse negativeoutcomes of adaptation and propose a refined definition. We present a typology of maladaptation thatdistinguishes between three types of maladaptive outcomes – rebounding vulnerability, shiftingvulnerability and eroding sustainable development, and argue that maladaptation can be defined as a resultof an intentional adaptation policy or measure directly increasing vulnerability for the targeted and/orexternal actor(s), and/or eroding preconditions for sustainable development by indirectly increasing society’svulnerability. We note that the recognition of adaptation as an intentional action and the importance ofsetting clear spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as thresholds, are key to analysing negativeoutcomes.
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| 50. |
- Karlsson, Christer, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Looking for Leaders : Perceptions of Climate Change Leadership among Climate Change Negotiation Participants
- 2011
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Politics. - Cambridge : MIT Press. - 1526-3800 .- 1536-0091. ; 11:1, s. 89-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is widespread consensus that effective leadership will be required in order to successfully address the climate change challenge. Presently there are a number of self-proclaimed climate change leaders, but leadership is a relationship between leaders and followers. An actor aspiring to be a leader needs to be recognized as such. Despite its fundamental importance for leadership relationships, the demand side of the leadership equation has been comparatively neglected by past research. In this study we are looking for leaders by analyzing the perceptions of climate change leadership among UNFCCC COP-14 participants. Our results show that the climate change leadership mantle will have to be worn by more than one actor. Among the leadership candidates the EU was most widely recognized as a leader, however, only a small minority reported that they saw the EU as the only leader. The data also show that the US and the G77 thus far have failed to impress potential followers and it was China that clearly emerged as the second strongest leadership candidate.
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