| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Cao, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Delimiting species in Basidiomycota : a review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Nature. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 109:1, s. 181-237
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species delimitation is one of the most fundamental processes in biology. Biodiversity undertakings, for instance, require explicit species concepts and criteria for species delimitation in order to be relevant and translatable. However, a perfect species concept does not exist for Fungi. Here, we review the species concepts commonly used in Basidiomycota, the second largest phylum of Fungi that contains some of the best known species of mushrooms, rusts, smuts, and jelly fungi. In general, best practice is to delimitate species, publish new taxa, and conduct taxonomic revisions based on as many independent lines of evidence as possible, that is, by applying a so-called unifying (or integrative) conceptual framework. However, the types of data used vary considerably from group to group. For this reason we discuss the different classes of Basidiomycota, and for each provide: (i) a general introduction with difficulties faced in species recognition, (ii) species concepts and methods for species delimitation, and (iii) community recommendations and conclusions.
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| 5. |
- Dong, Weibing, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation, structures and electrochemical property of phosphine substituted diiron azadithiolates relevant to the active site of Fe-only hydrogenases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0162-0134 .- 1873-3344. ; 101:3, s. 506-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mono- and di-phosphine diiron azadithiolate complexes [{(mu-SCH2)(2)N(4-NO2C6H4)}Fe-2(CO)(5)(PMe3)] (2), [{(mu-SCH2)(2)N(4NO(2)C(6)H(4))} {Fe(CO)(2)L}(2)] (3, L = PMe3; 4, PMe2Ph) and the mu-hydride diiron complex [3(FeHFe)](+)[PF6](-) were prepared as biontimetic models of the active site of Fe-only hydrogenases. The complexes 2-4 and [3(FeHFe)](+)[PF6](-) were characterized by IR P-31, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra and their molecular structures were determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. The PMe3 ligand in complex 2 lies on the basal position. The PMe3-disubstituted complex 3 exists as two configuration isomers, transoid basal/basal and apical/basal, in the crystalline state, while two PMe2Ph ligands of 4 are in an apical/basal orientation. The variable temperature P-31 NMR spectra of 2 and 3 were made to have an insight into the existence of the possible conformation isomers of 2 and 3 in solution. The [3(FeHFe)](+) cation possesses the sole transoid ba/ba geometry as other reported mu-hydride diiron analogues. The electrocatalytic property of {(mu-SCH2)(2)NC6H5}[Fe(CO)(2)PMe3](2) (5) was studied for proton reduction in the presence of HOAc.
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| 6. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic Insights into the Coloration, Evolution, and Degradation of NiOx Electrochromic Anodes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 57:15, s. 8874-8880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NiOx is recognized as the leading candidate for smart window anodes that can dynamically modulate optical absorption, thereby achieving energy efficiency in construction buildings. However, the electrochromic mechanism in NiOx is not yet clear, and the ionic species involved are sometimes ambiguous, particularly in aprotic electrolytes. We demonstrate herein that the "net coloration effect" originates from newly generated high-valence Ni3+/Ni4+ ions during anion-dependent anodization, and the Li+ intercalation/deintercalation only plays a role in modulating the oxidation state of Ni. Unambiguous evidences proving the occurrence of anodization reaction were obtained by both chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. Benefiting from the irreversible polarization of Ni2+ to Ni3+/Ni4+, the quantity of voltammetric charge increases by similar to 38% under the same test conditions, enhancing the corresponding electrochromic modulation by similar to 8%. Strong linkages between the coloration, evolution, and degradation observed in this work provide in-depth insights into the electrocatalytic and electrochromic mechanisms.
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| 7. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
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Prominent Electrochromism Achieved Using Aluminum Ion Insertion/Extraction in Amorphous WO3 Films
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:33, s. 19037-19043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although monovalent lithium has been successfully used as a coloring ion in electrochromic applications, it still faces the challenges of low safety, high cost, and limited reserves. Herein, we demonstrate that the amorphous WO3 films intercalated with Al3+ ions could exhibit desired wide optical modulation (similar to 63.0%) and high coloration efficiency (similar to 72.0 cm(2) A(-1), which is >100% higher than that with Li+ or Na+), benefiting from the three-electron redox properties of aluminum. Due to the strong electrostatic force and large atomic weight, the charge exchange processes for Al3+ ions are limited only to the near-surface region and consequently bring about enhanced electrochromic stability. Our findings provide in-depth insights into the nature of electrochromism and also open up a new route toward scalable electrochromic devices using sputtering techniques and earth-abundant materials.
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| 8. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
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Vacancy dependent electrochromic behaviors of NiOx anodes : As a single layer and in devices
- 2018
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 178, s. 193-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic(EC), nonstoichiometric NiOx thin films were made by reactive magnetron sputtering at low oxygen flow ratio(i.e., P = O-2/Ar + O-2 < 10%). The results of optical spectral, x-ray diffraction spectrum, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that the samples are oxygen(nickel)-deficient as P <= %4(>=%6), resulting in sub(over)-stoichiometry films. Spectroelectrochemical measurements show that the EC effect of NiOx in nonaqueous PC - LiClO4 electrolyte is direct correlation with the nickel vacancy concentration in films, while that in the aqueous KOH solution is nearly uninfluenced upon the change in stoichiometry as P >= %4. The films deposited at P = 6% exhibit higher coloration efficiency of - 25.3 cm(2)C(-1), larger ionic diffusion coefficient of - 2.84 x 10(-14) m(2)s(-1), and broader EC modulation span of 24% in PC - LiClO4 than the other ones. Based upon these values, EC devices featuring a WO3/PMMA - PC - LiClO4/NiOx structure and excellent performances were fabricated. We demonstrated that the nickel anodization should be responsible for the initial "activation" phenomena, which decreases(increases) the number of oxygen(nickel) vacancies. Moreover, the cause of degradation resulting from Li+-ion trapping in the IS layer was also clarified. This work provides a general framework for studying and designing superior EC devices, experimentally as well as theoretically.
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| 9. |
- Hsu, Ya-Ching, et al.
(författare)
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Methadone concentrations in blood, plasma, and oral fluid determined by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 405:12, s. 3921-3928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methadone (MTD) is widely used for detoxification of heroin addicts and also in pain management programs. Information about the distribution of methadone between blood, plasma, and alternative specimens, such as oral fluid (OF), is needed in clinical, forensic, and traffic medicine when analytical results are interpreted. We determined MTD and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in blood, plasma, blood cells, and OF by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after adding deuterium-labeled internal standards. The analytical limits of quantitation for MTD and EDDP by this method were 20 and 3 ng/mL, respectively. The amounts of MTD and EDDP were higher in plasma (80.4 % and 76.5 %) compared with blood cells (19.6 % and 23.5 %) and we found that repeated washing of blood cells with phosphate-buffered saline increased the amounts in plasma (93.6 % and 88.6 %). Mean plasma/blood concentration ratios of MTD and EDDP in spiked samples (N = 5) were 1.27 and 1.21, respectively. In clinical samples from patients (N = 46), the concentrations of MTD in plasma and whole blood were highly correlated (r = 0.92, p andlt; 0.001) and mean (median) plasma/blood distribution ratios were 1.43 (1.41). The correlations between MTD in OF and plasma (r = 0.46) and OF and blood (r = 0.52) were also statistically significant (p andlt; 0.001) and the mean OF/plasma and OF/blood distribution ratios were 0.55 and 0.77, respectively. The MTD concentration in OF decreased as salivary pH increased (more basic). These results will prove useful in clinical and forensic medicine when MTD concentrations in alternative specimens are compared and contrasted.
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| 10. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 11. |
- Sun, Hui-Min, et al.
(författare)
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SERPINA4 is a novel independent prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cancer Research. - Madison : E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP. - 2156-6976. ; 6:8, s. 1636-1649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serpina family A member 4 (SERPINA4), also known as kallistatin, exerts important effects in inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in many malignancies. However, the precise role of SERPINA4 in CRC has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of SERPINA4 and its clinical significance in CRC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses showed that the mRNA and protein expression of SERPINA4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens was significantly decreased than that in adjacent normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to characterize the expression pattern of SERPINA4 by using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 327 archived paraffin-embedded CRC specimens. Statistical analyses revealed that decreased SERPINA4 expression was significantly associated with invasion depth, nodal involvement, distant metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and tumor differentiation. SERPINA4 was also an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with CRC. Furthermore, the impact of altered SERPINA4 expression on CRC cells was analyzed with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. The results demonstrated that SERPINA4 significantly inhibits malignant tumor progression and serves as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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| 12. |
- Bai, Ru, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of human enteric adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) from children with gastroenteritis during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
- 2024
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Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1567-1348 .- 1567-7257. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) usually causes pediatrics gastroenteritis. However, it was reported to be associated with the outbreaks of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology (SAHUA) in pediatrics during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of enteric HAdV-F41 in 37,920 paediatric gastroenteritis cases from 2017 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China. All children presented were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the “zero-COVID” period. The main clinical symptom of the children was diarrhea (96.5%). No fatalities nor liver abnormal symptoms was found. In 2021, one year since the pandemic of COVID-19, the prevalence of HAdV-F41 abruptly increased from 3.71% to 8.64% (P < 0.001). All of HAdV-F41 circulating worldwide were classified into eight different subtypes (G1-G8) based on the phylogenetic clustering permutation of the four capsid genes of HAdV-F41. G3 was the predominant subtype (56.2%; 77/137). CRV5 isolates from SAHUA cases belong to this subtype, in which N312D and H335D mutations in the short fiber knob were identified in both Guangzhou and CRV5 isolates, presumably changing the virus tropism by directly interacting with the heparin sulfate (HS) receptor. Additionally, a novel recombinant G6 subtype, which is unique and only circulating in China was first identified in this study. This is the first study highlighting the prevalence of HAdV-F41 in paediatric cases of gastroenteritis during COVID-19 pandemic in China. The clinical and viral evolution finding of HAdV-F41 provide insight into the clinical characteristics of children with HAdV-F41 infections as well as the uncertain role of HAdV-F41 in the cause of SAHUA.
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| 13. |
- Docherty, Anna R, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS Meta-Analysis of Suicide Attempt: Identification of 12 Genome-Wide Significant Loci and Implication of Genetic Risks for Specific Health Factors.
- 2023
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Ingår i: The American journal of psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 180:10, s. 723-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicidal behavior is heritable and is a major cause of death worldwide. Two large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) recently discovered and cross-validated genome-wide significant (GWS) loci for suicide attempt (SA). The present study leveraged the genetic cohorts from both studies to conduct the largest GWAS meta-analysis of SA to date. Multi-ancestry and admixture-specific meta-analyses were conducted within groups of significant African, East Asian, and European ancestry admixtures.This study comprised 22 cohorts, including 43,871 SA cases and 915,025 ancestry-matched controls. Analytical methods across multi-ancestry and individual ancestry admixtures included inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analyses, followed by gene, gene-set, tissue-set, and drug-target enrichment, as well as summary-data-based Mendelian randomization with brain expression quantitative trait loci data, phenome-wide genetic correlation, and genetic causal proportion analyses.Multi-ancestry and European ancestry admixture GWAS meta-analyses identified 12 risk loci at p values <5×10-8. These loci were mostly intergenic and implicated DRD2, SLC6A9, FURIN, NLGN1, SOX5, PDE4B, and CACNG2. The multi-ancestry SNP-based heritability estimate of SA was 5.7% on the liability scale (SE=0.003, p=5.7×10-80). Significant brain tissue gene expression and drug set enrichment were observed. There was shared genetic variation of SA with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, smoking, and risk tolerance after conditioning SA on both major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Genetic causal proportion analyses implicated shared genetic risk for specific health factors.This multi-ancestry analysis of suicide attempt identified several loci contributing to risk and establishes significant shared genetic covariation with clinical phenotypes. These findings provide insight into genetic factors associated with suicide attempt across ancestry admixture populations, in veteran and civilian populations, and in attempt versus death.
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| 14. |
- Dong, Jingfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Effect of Electrostatic Interaction between a Cobalt Catalyst and a Xanthene Dye on Visible-Light-Driven Electron Transfer and Hydrogen Production
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:30, s. 15089-15096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The readily obtained noble-metal-free molecular catalyst systems, with xanthene dyes (Rose Bengal, RB(2-); Eosin Y, EY(2-); and Eosin B, EB(2-)) as photosensitizers, [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) as catalyst, and triethylamine as sacrificial electron donor, are highly active for visible-light-driven (lambda > 450 nm) hydrogen production from water. The turnover frequency is up to 54 TON/min versus RB(2-) with a RB(2-)/[Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) molar ratio of 1:10 in CH(3)CN/H(2)O under optimal conditions in the first half hour of irradiation (lambda > 450 rim), and the turnover number is up to 2076 versus RB(2-). Comparative studies show the following: (1) The photocatalytic H(2)-evolving activity of the cationic cobalt complex [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2), is apparently higher than the neutral cobaloxime complexes with xanthene dyes as potosensitizers, and also much higher than the analogous system of [Ru(bpy)(3)]Cl(2)/[Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2). (2) The UV-vis absorptions of xanthene dyes are red shifted to different extents upon addition of [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) to the aqueous or CH(3)CN/H(2)O solutions of these dyes, while no change was observed in UV-vis absorptions of photosensitizer with addition of the cobaloximes to the aqueous solution of RB(2-) or addition of [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) to the aqueous solution of [Ru(bpy)(3)]Cl(2). (3) The fluorescence of RB(2-) is significantly quenched by [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2), but not by the cobaloximes. These special performances of [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) are attributed to the electrostatically attractive interaction between the anionic organic dyes and the cationic cobalt catalyst. The probable mechanism for photoinduced hydrogen production catalyzed by the system of RB(2-), [Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2), and triethylamine is discussed in detail on the basis of fluorescence. fand transient absorption spectroscopic studies. "
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| 15. |
- Dong, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Cold Exposure Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Growth and Instability via UCP1-Dependent Lipolysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier (Cell Press). - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 18:1, s. 118-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the cold-associated high cardiovascular risk remain unknown. Here, we show that the cold-triggered food-intake-independent lipolysis significantly increased plasma levels of small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) remnants, leading to accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. In two genetic mouse knockout models (apolipoprotein E-/- [ApoE(-/-)] and LDL receptor(-/-) [Ldlr(-/-)] mice), persistent cold exposure stimulated atherosclerotic plaque growth by increasing lipid deposition. Furthermore, marked increase of inflammatory cells and plaque-associated microvessels were detected in the cold-acclimated ApoE(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-) mice, leading to plaque instability. Deletion of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key mitochondrial protein involved in thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), in the ApoE(-/-) strain completely protected mice from the cold-induced atherosclerotic lesions. Cold acclimation markedly reduced plasma levels of adiponectin, and systemic delivery of adiponectin protected ApoE(-/-) mice from plaque development. These findings provide mechanistic insights on low-temperature-associated cardiovascular risks.
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| 16. |
- Dong, Yongjiang, et al.
(författare)
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LED-induced fluorescence system for tea classification and quality assessment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774. ; 137, s. 95-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fluorescence system was developed by using several light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths as excitation light sources. The fluorescence sensor head consists of multi LED light sources and a multimode fiber for fluorescence collection, where the LEDs and the corresponding filters can be easily chosen to get appropriate excitation wavelengths for different applications. By analyzing fluorescence spectra with the principal component analysis method, the system was utilized in the classification of four types of green tea and two types of black tea beverages. Quality of Xihu Longjing tea leaves of different grades and that of the corresponding liquid tea samples were studied to further investigate the ability and application of the system in the evaluation of classification/quality of tea and other foods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- He, Mao-Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Species diversity of Basidiomycota
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 114:1, s. 281-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Liu, Bingbing, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of silver films with different nano-particle sizes on SERS of single-walled carbon nanotubes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemical Journal of the Chinese Universities. - 0251-0790. ; 26:10, s. 1930-1933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on silver films with different nano-particle sizes from 20 to 100 nm deposited on quartz and glass substrates were studied systematically. The characteristic Raman spectral features of SWCNT G-band and D-band were analyzed. The two bands show a similar tendency with the change of nano-particle size of silver on quartz and glass substrates. The position and the intensity of the G-band are less sensitive to the films' silver particle sizes in the studied range, indicating that hexagonal carbon rings are stable and have a weak interaction with silver films. The shape of the D-band depends on the silver size. The smaller the silver particle size, the more the contribution of high frequency vibrations to the D-band, indicating that disorder carbon has a strong interaction with the active silver films.
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| 19. |
- Liu, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Centromere-Specific Retrotransposons and Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in the Genome of Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Sapindaceae), an Oil-Producing Tree With Significant Drought Resistance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-depth genome characterization is still lacking for most of biofuel crops, especially for centromeres, which play a fundamental role during nuclear division and in the maintenance of genome stability. This study applied long-read sequencing technologies to assemble a highly contiguous genome for yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree, and conducted extensive comparative analyses to understand centromere structure and evolution, and fatty acid biosynthesis. We produced a reference-level genome of yellowhorn, ∼470 Mb in length with ∼95% of contigs anchored onto 15 chromosomes. Genome annotation identified 22,049 protein-coding genes and 65.7% of the genome sequence as repetitive elements. Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) account for ∼30% of the yellowhorn genome, which is maintained by a moderate birth rate and a low removal rate. We identified the centromeric regions on each chromosome and found enrichment of centromere-specific retrotransposons of LINE1 and Gypsy in these regions, which have evolved recently (∼0.7 MYA). We compared the genomes of three cultivars and found frequent inversions. We analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues and identified the candidate genes involved in very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and their expression profiles. Collinear block analysis showed that yellowhorn shared the gamma (γ) hexaploidy event with Vitis vinifera but did not undergo any further whole-genome duplication. This study provides excellent genomic resources for understanding centromere structure and evolution and for functional studies in this important oil-producing plant.
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| 20. |
- Liu, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction model for austenite grains growth during reheating process in Ti micro-alloyed cast steel by coupling precipitates dissolution and coarsening behavior
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. - : SPRINGER. - 1006-706X .- 2210-3988. ; 26:2, s. 162-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined model to predict austenite grains growth of titanium micro-alloyed as-cast steel during reheating process was established. The model involves the behaviors of austenite grains growth in continuous heating process and isothermal soaking process, and the variation of boundary pinning efficiency caused by the dissolution and coarsening kinetics of second-phase particles was also considered into the model. Furthermore, the experimental verifications were performed to examine the prediction power of the model. The results revealed that the mean austenite grains size increased with the increase in reheating temperature and soaking time, and the coarsening temperature of austenite grains growth was 1423K under the current titanium content. In addition, the reliability of the predicted results in continuous heating process was validated by continuous heating experiments. Moreover, an optimal regression expression of austenite grains growth in isothermal soaking process was obtained based on the experimental results. The compared results indicated that the combined model in conjunction with precipitates dissolution and coarsening kinetics had good reliability and accuracy to predict the austenite grains growth of titanium micro-alloyed casting steel during reheating process.
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| 21. |
- Mullins, Niamh, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:3, s. 313-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders.METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors.RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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| 22. |
- Tang, Xiang-long, et al.
(författare)
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Near-infrared light-activated red-emitting upconverting nanoplatform for T-1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 74, s. 360-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has increasingly become an efficient and attractive cancer treatment modality based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce tumor death after irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light. Herein, to overcome the limited tissue penetration in traditional PDT, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated NaScF4: 40% Yb, 2% Er@CaF2 upconversion nanoparticle (rUCNP) is successfully designed and synthesized. Chlorin e6, a photosensitizer and a chelating agent for Mn2+, is loaded into human serum albumin (HSA) that further conjugates onto rUCNPs. To increase the ability to target glioma tumor, an acyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGDyK) is linked to rUCNPs@HSA(Ce6-Mn). This nanoplatform enables efficient adsorption and conversion of NIR light (980 nm) into bright red emission (660 nm), which can trigger the photosensitizer Ce6-Mn complex for PDT and T-1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T-1-weighted MRI) for glioma diagnosis. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that NIR light-activated and glioma tumor-targeted PDT can generate large amounts of intracellular ROS that induce U87 cell apoptosis and suppress glioma tumor growth owing to the deep tissue penetration of irradiated light and excellent tumor-targeting ability. Thus, this nanoplatform holds potential for applications in T-1-weighted MRI diagnosis and PDT of glioma for antitumor therapy. Statement of Significance A near-infrared (NIR) light-activated nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was designed and synthesized. The Red-to-Green (RIG) ratio of NaScF4: 40% Yb, 2% Er almost reached 9, a value that was much higher than that of a traditional Yb/Er-codoped upconversion nanoparticle (rUCNP). By depositing a CaF2 shell, the red-emission intensities of the rUCNPs were seven times strong as that of NaScF4: 40% Yb, 2% Er. The enhanced red-emitting rUCNPs could be applied in many fields such as bioimaging, controlled release, and real-time diagnosis. The nanoplatform had a strong active glioma-targeting ability, and all results achieved on subcutaneous glioma demonstrated that our NIR light-activated redemitting upconverting nanoplatform was efficient for PDT. By loading Ce6-Mn complex into rUCNPs@HSA-RGD, the nanoplatform could be used as a T-1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging agent for tumor diagnosis.
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| 23. |
- Wang, Guo-dong, et al.
(författare)
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The genomics of selection in dogs and the parallel evolution between dogs and humans
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 1860-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic bases of demographic changes and artificial selection underlying domestication are of great interest in evolutionary biology. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of multiple grey wolves, Chinese indigenous dogs and dogs of diverse breeds. Demographic analysis show that the split between wolves and Chinese indigenous dogs occurred 32,000 years ago and that the subsequent bottlenecks were mild. Therefore, dogs may have been under human selection over a much longer time than previously concluded, based on molecular data, perhaps by initially scavenging with humans. Population genetic analysis identifies a list of genes under positive selection during domestication, which overlaps extensively with the corresponding list of positively selected genes in humans. Parallel evolution is most apparent in genes for digestion and metabolism, neurological process and cancer. Our study, for the first time, draws together humans and dogs in their recent genomic evolution.
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| 24. |
- Wang, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein M induces inhibition of inflammatory responses via the S1PR1 and DHCR24 pathways
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - 1791-2997. ; 19:2, s. 1272-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is a type of apolipoprotein. It is well known that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreases inflammatory responses via the apoM-sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway. The present study further investigated the importance of ApoM in the inhibitory effects of HDL on inflammation. Mice with an apoM gene deficiency (apoM-/-) were employed to investigate the effects of ApoM on the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), S1P receptor-1 (S1PR1) and 3β-hydroxysterol Δ-24-reductase (DHCR24), as compared with in wild-type mice (apoM+/+). Furthermore, cell culture experiments were performed using a permanent human hybrid endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). Cells were cultured in the presence of recombinant human apoM (rec-apoM) or were induced to overexpress apoM (apoMTg); subsequently, cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in order to investigate the effects of ApoM on IL-1β and MCP-1. The results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 were significantly higher in the liver following administration of lipopolysaccharide in apoM-/- mice compared with in apoM+/+ mice. In cell culture experiments, when cells were pre-cultured with rec-apoM or were engineered to overexpress apoM (apoMTg), they exhibited decreased expression levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 following TNF-α treatment compared with in normal apoM-expressing cells (apoMTgN). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 were significantly elevated following addition of the S1PR1 inhibitor W146, but not by the scavenger receptor class B type I inhibitor, block lipid transport-1 (BLT-1), in apoMTg cells prior to TNF-α treatment. Conversely, there were no differences in these inflammatory biomarkers under the same conditions in apoMTgN cells. The mRNA expression levels of DHCR24 were significantly reduced by the addition of BLT-1 prior to TNF-α treatment in apoMTg cells; however, there was no difference in the expression of this inflammatory biomarker in apoMTgN cells. In conclusion, ApoM displayed inhibitory effects against the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro; these effects may be induced via the S1PR1 and DHCR24 pathways.
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| 25. |
- Wang, Shi Zhi, et al.
(författare)
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Historic dog Furs Unravel the Origin and Artificial Selection of Modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog Breeds
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 41:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origins and extreme morphological evolution of the modern dog breeds are poorly studied because the founder populations are extinct. Here, we analyse eight 100 to 200 years old dog fur samples obtained from traditional North Swedish clothing, to explore the origin and artificial selection of the modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog breeds. Population genomic analysis confirmed the Lapphund and Elkhound breeds to originate from the local dog population, and showed a distinct decrease in genetic diversity in agreement with intense breeding. We identified eleven genes under positive selection during the breed development. In particular, the MSRB3 gene, associated with breed-related ear morphology, was selected in all Lapphund and Elkhound breeds, and functional assays showed that a SNP mutation in the 3′UTR region suppresses its expression through miRNA regulation. Our findings demonstrate analysis of near-modern dog artifacts as an effective tool for interpreting the origin and artificial selection of the modern dog breeds.
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| 26. |
- Zhang, Tiankai, et al.
(författare)
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Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 377:6605, s. 495-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.
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