| 1. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cai, Demin, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-option of PPARα in the regulation of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in CLA-induced hepatic steatosis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 236:6, s. 4387-4402
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) is the result of imbalances in hepatic lipid partitioning and is linked to dietary factors. We demonstrate that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) when given to mice as a dietary supplement, induced an enlarged liver, hepatic steatosis, and increased plasma levels of fatty acid (FA), alanine transaminase, and triglycerides. The progression of NAFLD and insulin resistance was reversed by GW6471 a small-molecule antagonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Transcriptional profiling of livers revealed that the genes involved in FA oxidation and lipogenesis as two core gene programs controlled by PPARα in response to CLA and GW6471 including Acaca and Acads. Bioinformatic analysis of PPARα ChIP-seq data set and ChIP-qPCR showed that GW6471 blocks PPARα binding to Acaca and Acads and abolishes the PPARα-mediated local histone modifications of H3K27ac and H3K4me1 in CLA-treated hepatocytes. Thus, our findings reveal a dual role of PPARα in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and highlight its druggable nature in NAFLD.
|
|
| 3. |
- He, Sailing, et al.
(författare)
-
On the possibility of a perfect power combiner
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Progress In Electromagnetics Research. - : Electromagnetics Academy. - 1070-4698 .- 1559-8985. ; 158, s. 1-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By reductio ad absurdum, we show that a perfect power combiner of single-mode waveguides is impossible for incoherent input waves of the same frequency and same polarization as it is against the law of conservation of energy. The inevitable 3 dB loss of a three-port power combiner is explained physically. An incoherent power combiner of nearly 100% efficiency can be realized only if the two input fields have different wavelengths, have different polarizations, or are of orthogonal modes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
100 Gbit/s THz Photonic Wireless Transmission in the 350-GHz Band With Extended Reach
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 30:11, s. 1064-1067
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate terahertz (THz) photonic wireless transmission of high-speed quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals in the 350-GHz band, with an effort to extend the wireless reach of ultrafast 100 Gbit/s. In the experiment, a narrowband unitraveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is used for heterodyne generation of THz communication signals, which is transparent to optical modulation formats. Experimental results show that 30 GBd/s QPSK (60 Gbit/s) and 25 GBd/s 16-QAM signals (100 Gbit/s) are successfully transmitted over a 350-GHz wireless link with an extended distance of 2 m. This enhancement is enabled by combining the techniques of employing cutting-edge narrowband UTC-PD as the photomixing THz emitter, spectrally efficient modulation format and advanced digital signal processing algorithms. The achievement makes 100 Gbit/s THz wireless communication systems promising for future smart wireless services.
|
|
| 5. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
Broadband metasurface Luneburg lens antenna based on glide-symmetric bed of nails
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9788890701870 ; , s. 358-360
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broadband metasurface Luneburg lens based on glide-symmetric bed of nails is designed. First, the Luneburg lens was re-shaped using quasi-conformal transformation optics. With this technique, the original circular focal curve of the lens is changed to a straight line. Afterwards, the refractive index distribution of the optically transformed lens is realized by changing the height of the pins in a bed of nails configuration. The complete Luneburg lens is simulated in CST Microwave Studio and the results demonstrate that the lens has 8-16 GHz bandwidth.
|
|
| 6. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced Accessibility of 350 GHz 100 Gbit/s 16-QAM Photonic Wireless Link
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings 11th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimetre-Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT) Vol 1. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast terahertz (THz) photonic wireless communication link in the 350 GHz band with up to 100 Gbit/s data rate, with an emphasis on extending its wireless reach. By combining the techniques of using a cutting-edge narrow-band uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) as the THz photo-mixing emitter, spectrally efficient modulation formats and advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms, we successfully transmit 25 GBaud/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals (overall 100 Gbit/s data rate) over a 350 GHz wireless link with an extended distance of 2 m. This achievement pushes the accessibility of ultrafast 100 Gbit/s wireless communication beyond the state-of-the-art, and makes 100 Gbit/s ultrafast THz wireless communication systems promising for future smart high speed wireless access services.
|
|
| 7. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Realization of Strong DC Magnetic Enhancement with Transformation Optics
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Progress In Electromagnetics Research. - 1070-4698 .- 1559-8985. ; 146, s. 187-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A passive DC magnetic concentrator is designed with transformation optics (TO) and realized by meta-materials. The passive DC magnetic concentrator based on space compression transformation can greatly enhance the magnetic field in a free space region and can be used for e.g., improving the sensitivity of magnetic sensors and increasing the efficiency of wireless energy transmission. The magnetic property of the medium obtained by TO is extremely anisotropic. To solve this, we use magnetic metamaterials made of alternated high-permeability ferromagnetic (HPF) materials and high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials. We optimize our structure by conducting simulations using the finite element method (FEM) and experimentally demonstrate a strong, 4.74-time enhancement of the DC magnetic field by our meta-material magnetic concentrator. We also demonstrate that a simplified structure with only HPF materials working at room temperature can still gives 3.84-time enhancement of the DC magnetic field. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations based on FEM.
|
|
| 8. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction Between Two One-Way Waveguides
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE. - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 48:8, s. 1059-1064
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between two (parallel) one-way waveguidesformed by photonic crystals is investigated theoretically. It is shown that when thetwo waveguides support modes propagating in opposite directions, they can effectively interact with each other only within a narrow guiding region where their propagation constants are nearly zero. In this coupling window, the waveguides are contra-directionally coupled and the efficiency grows monotonously with the coupling length, reaching 100% as the coupling length is large enough. When the one-waywaveguides support the modes propagating in the same direction, they may be efficiently coupled through the whole guiding regime, and their coupling exhibits the same behavior as the conventional uniform waveguides. The coupling between theone-way waveguides is first analyzed with the coupled-mode approximation and then verified by rigorous numerical simulation.
|
|
| 9. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
One-way edge mode in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal slab
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 37:19, s. 4110-4112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that one-way electromagnetic modes could be sustained by the edge of a gyromagnetic photonic crystal slab of triangular lattice under an external dc magnetic field. The applied magnetic field breaks the time-reversal symmetry of the three-dimensional system, and thus the original degeneracy point in k space, at which two dispersion surfaces intersect, is lifted, resulting in a photonic band gap below the light cone. At this band gap, the one-way mode is localized horizontally to the slab edge, while confined by the index contrast in the vertical direction.
|
|
| 10. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
One-way surface magnetoplasmon cavity and its application for nonreciprocal devices
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Optics Letters. - : Optical Society of America. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 41:4, s. 800-803
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We theoretically analyze surface magnetoplasmon modes in a compact circular cavity made of magneto-optical material under a static magnetic field. Such a cavity provides two different methods for the surface wave to circulate in a unidirectional manner around the cavity, which offers more freedom, both in the one-way direction and in the frequency range, for designing nonreciprocal photonic components. We also show the interaction between this one-way cavity and waveguides through the example of a circulator, which lays the fundamental groundwork for potential nonreciprocal devices.
|
|
| 11. |
- Liu, Kexin
(författare)
-
Theoretical Investigation on Propagation and Coupling of Nonreciprocal Electromagnetic Surface Waves
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims at revealing the fundamental guiding and coupling properties of nonreciprocal electromagnetic surface waves on magneto-optical or gyromagnetic media and designing novel applications based on the properties.We introduce the background in the first chapter. We then describe the concept of nonreciprocity and the main calculation method in the second chapter. In the third chapter, we show that one-way waves can be sustained at the edge of a gyromagnetic photonic crystal slab under an external magnetic field. We also investigate the coupling between two parallel one-way waveguides. We reveal the condition for effective co-directional and contra-directional coupling. We also notice that the contra-directional coupling is related to the concept of a “trapped rainbow”.In the fourth chapter, we address the concept of a “trapped rainbow”. It aims at trapping different frequency components of the electromagnetic wave packet at different positions in space permanently. In previous structures, the entire incident wave is reflected due to the strong contra-directional coupling between forward and backward modes. To overcome this difficulty, we show that utilizing nonreciprocal waveguides under a tapered external magnetic field can achieve a truly “trapped rainbow” effect at microwave frequencies. We observe hot spots and relatively long duration times around critical positions through simulations and find that such a trapping effect is robust against disorders.Lastly, in the fifth chapter, we study the one-way waves in a surface magnetoplasmon cavity. We find that the external magnetic field can separate the clockwise and anti-clockwise cavity modes into two totally different frequency ranges. This offers us more choices, both in the frequency ranges and in the one-way directions, for realizing one-way components. We also show the waveguide-cavity coupling by designing a circulator, which establishes the foundation for potential applications.
|
|
| 12. |
- Liu, Kexin, et al.
(författare)
-
Truly trapped rainbow by utilizing nonreciprocal waveguides
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of a “trapped rainbow” has generated considerable interest for optical data storage and processing. It aims to trap different frequency components of the wave packet at different positions permanently. However, all the previously proposed structures cannot truly achieve this effect, due to the difficulties in suppressing the reflection caused by strong intermodal coupling and distinguishing different frequency components simultaneously. In this article, we found a physical mechanism to achieve a truly “trapped rainbow” storage of electromagnetic wave. We utilize nonreciprocal waveguides under a tapered magnetic field to achieve this and such a trapping effect is stable even under fabrication disorders. We also observe hot spots and relatively long duration time of the trapped wave around critical positions through frequency domain and time domain simulations. The physical mechanism we found has a variety of potential applications ranging from wave harvesting and storage to nonlinearity enhancement.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lv, Fei, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultraviolet-cured polyethylene oxide-based composite electrolyte enabling stable cycling of lithium battery at low temperature
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 596, s. 257-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The room and low-temperature performances of solid-state lithium batteries are crucial to expand their practical application. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) has received great attention as the most representative polymer electrolyte matrix. However, most PEO-based solid-state batteries need to operate at high temperature due to low room temperature ionic conductivity. Improving the ionic conductivity by adding plasticizers or reducing the crystallinity of PEO often compromises its mechanical strength. Here, an amorphous PEO-based composite solid-state electrolyte is obtained by ultraviolet (UV) polymerizing PEO and methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH570)-modified SiO2 which demonstrates both satisfactory mechanical performance and high ionic conductivity at room (3.37 x 10(-4) S cm(-1)) and low temperatures (1.73 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 0 degrees C). In this electrolyte, the crystallinity of PEO is reduced through cross-linking, and therefore provides a fast Li+ ions transfer area. Moreover, the KH570-modified SiO2 inorganic particles promote the dissociation of lithium salts by Lewis acid centers to increase the ionic conductivity. Importantly, this kind of cross-linking networks endows the final electrolyte much higher mechanical strength than the pure PEO polymer electrolyte or PEO-inorganic filler blended systems. The solid-state LiFePO4/Li cell assembled with this electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity at room and low temperatures.
|
|
| 14. |
- Machiela, Mitchell J., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of Large Structural Genetic Mosaicism in Human Autosomes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 96:3, s. 487-497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have revealed that detectable genetic mosaicism involving large (>2 Mb) structural autosomal alterations occurs in a fraction of individuals. We present results for a set of 24,849 genotyped individuals (total GWAS set II [TGSII]) in whom 341 large autosomal abnormalities were observed in 168 (0.68%) individuals. Merging data from the new TGSII set with data from two prior reports (the Gene-Environment Association Studies and the total GWAS set I) generated a large dataset of 127,179 individuals; we then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of detectable autosomal mosaicism (n = 1,315 events in 925 [0.73%] individuals). Restricting to events >2 Mb in size, we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased. The combined results underscore that the rate of detectable mosaicism increases with age (p value = 5.5 x 3 10(-31)) and is higher in men (p value = 0.002) but lower in participants of African ancestry (p value = 0.003). In a subset of 47 individuals from whom serial samples were collected up to 6 years apart, complex changes were noted over time and showed an overall increase in the proportion of mosaic cells as age increased. Our large combined sample allowed for a unique ability to characterize detectable genetic mosaicism involving large structural events and strengthens the emerging evidence of non-random erosion of the genome in the aging population.
|
|
| 15. |
- Machiela, Mitchell J, et al.
(författare)
-
Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases.
|
|
| 16. |
- Yao, Defan, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular Engineered Squaraine Nanoprobe for NIR-II/Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 12:4, s. 4276-4284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various squaraine dyes have been developed for biological imaging. Nevertheless, squaraine dyes with emission in the second window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) have few reports largely due to the short of a simple and universal design strategy. In this contribution, molecular engineering strategy is explored to develop squaraine dyes with NIR-II emission. First, NIR-I squaraine dye SQ2 is constructed by the ethyl-grafted 1,8-naphtholactam as donor units and square acid as acceptor unit in a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure. To red-shift the fluorescence emission into NIR-II window, malonitrile, as a forceful electron-withdrawing group, is introduced to strengthen square acid acceptor. As a result, the fluorescence spectrum of acceptor-engineered squaraine dye SQ1 exhibits a significant red- shift into NIR-II window. To translate NIR-II fluorophores SQ1 into effective theranostic agents, fibronectin-targeting SQ1 nanoprobe was constructed and showed excellent NIR-II imaging performance in angiography and tumor imaging, including lung metastatic foci in deep tissue. Furthermore, SQ1 nanoprobe can be used for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of tumors. This research demonstrates that the donor-acceptor engineering strategy is feasible and effective to develop NIR-II squaraine dyes.
|
|
