| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 3. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 4. |
- Wang, Mengmeng, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical analysis of whistler precursors upstream of foreshock transient shocks : MMS observations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 51:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the high-time-resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, precursor waves upstream of foreshock transient (FT) shocks are statistically investigated using the four-spacecraft timing method. The wave frequencies and wave vectors determined in the plasma rest frame (PRF) are shown to follow the cold plasma dispersion relation for whistler waves. Combining with the feature of the right-hand polarization in the PRF, the precursors are identified as whistler-mode waves around the lower hybrid frequency. The occurrence of whistler precursors is independent of the Alfvén Mach number and the FT shock normal angle. More importantly, all the whistler precursors have group velocities pointing upstream in the shock frame, suggesting the dispersive radiation to be a possible generation mechanism. The study improves the understanding of not only the whistler precursors but also the overall FT shock dynamics.
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Lixiu, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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| 6. |
- Marouli, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 542:7640, s. 186-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
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| 7. |
- Turcot, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:1, s. 26-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are similar to 10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed similar to 7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.
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| 8. |
- Justice, Anne E., et al.
(författare)
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Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:3, s. 452-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF >= 5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF < 5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.
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| 9. |
- Meng, X. X. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Humidity-Dependent Phase State of Gasoline Vehicle Emission-Related Aerosols
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55:2, s. 832-841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase states of primarily emitted and secondarily formed aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhausts were investigated by quantifying the particle rebound fraction (f). The rebound behaviors of gasoline vehicle emission-related aerosols varied with engines, fuel types, and photochemical aging time, showing distinguished differences from biogenic secondary organic aerosols. The nonliquid-to-liquid phase transition of primary aerosols emitted from port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles started at a relative humidity (RH) = 50 and 60%, and liquefaction was accomplished at 60 and 70%, respectively. The RH at which f declined to 0.5 decreased from 70 to 65% for the PFI case with 92# fuel, corresponding to the photochemical aging time from 0.37 to 4.62 days. For the GDI case, such RH enhanced from 60 to 65%. Our results can be used to imply the phase state of traffic-related aerosols and further understand their roles in urban atmospheric chemistry. Taking Beijing, China, as an example, traffic-related aerosols were mainly nonliquid during winter with the majority ambient RH below 50%, whereas they were mostly liquid during the morning rush hour of summer, and traffic-related secondary aerosols fluctuated between nonliquid and liquid during the daytime and tended to be liquid at night with increased ambient RH.
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| 10. |
- Sun, Hui-Min, et al.
(författare)
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SERPINA4 is a novel independent prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cancer Research. - Madison : E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP. - 2156-6976. ; 6:8, s. 1636-1649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serpina family A member 4 (SERPINA4), also known as kallistatin, exerts important effects in inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in many malignancies. However, the precise role of SERPINA4 in CRC has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of SERPINA4 and its clinical significance in CRC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses showed that the mRNA and protein expression of SERPINA4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens was significantly decreased than that in adjacent normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to characterize the expression pattern of SERPINA4 by using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 327 archived paraffin-embedded CRC specimens. Statistical analyses revealed that decreased SERPINA4 expression was significantly associated with invasion depth, nodal involvement, distant metastasis, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and tumor differentiation. SERPINA4 was also an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with CRC. Furthermore, the impact of altered SERPINA4 expression on CRC cells was analyzed with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. The results demonstrated that SERPINA4 significantly inhibits malignant tumor progression and serves as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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| 11. |
- Wessel, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF = 1.4%) with lower FG (beta = -0.09 +/- 0.01 mmol l(-1), P = 3.4 x 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95% CI] = 0.86[0.76-0.96], P = 0.010), early insulin secretion (beta = -0.07 +/- 0.035 pmol(insulin) mmol(glucose)(-1), P = 0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (beta = 0.16 +/- 0.05 mmol l(-1), P = 4.3 x 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (p(SKAT) = 6.8 x 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF = 20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (beta = 0.02 +/- 0.004 mmol l(-1), P = 1.3 x 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.
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| 12. |
- Yang, Xu, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of plasma response to 3D external magnetic field perturbations in EAST
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 58:11, s. 114006-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustained mitigation and/or suppression of type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) has been achieved in EAST high-confinement plasmas, utilizing the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields produced by two rows of magnetic coils located just inside the vacuum vessel. Systematic toroidal modelling of the plasma response to these RMP fields with various coil configurations (with dominant toroidal mode number n = 1, 2, 3, 4) in EAST is, for the first time, carried out by using the MARS-F code (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 3681), with results reported here. In particular, the plasma response is computed with varying coil phasing (the toroidal phase difference of the coil currents) between the upper and lower rows of coils, from 0 to 360°. Four figures of merit, constructed based on the MARS-F computations, are used to determine the optimal coil phasing. The modelled results, taking into account the plasma response, agree well with the experimental observations in terms of the coil phasing for both the mitigated and the suppressed ELM cases in EAST experiments. This study provides a crucial confirmation of the role of the plasma edge peeling response in ELM control, complementing similar studies carried out for other tokamak devices.
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| 13. |
- Zhu, Jialin, et al.
(författare)
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Strain dependence of deformation and recrystallization microstructure homogeneity in clock-rolled tantalum sheets
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803. ; 161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructure and crystallographic texture are the key factors that determine the sputtering target properties. Clock rolling plays an important role in improving the microstructure homogeneity, but the effect of strain during rolling on deformation and recrystallization behavior is not clear. Thus, high-purity tantalum (Ta) plates were 135° clock rolled to 70% and 87% reduction and then annealed at various temperatures to observe the microstructure evolution. Texture and microstructure in the center layer of the rolled and annealed Ta sheets were characterized via optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffracting (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results displayed that significant microstructure difference existed between 70% and 87% sample. Grain average misorientation value of {111} grains {〈111〉//normal direction (ND)} in the 70% sample was considerably higher than that in the 87% sample, suggesting a more heterogeneous grain fragmentation. Schmid factor (SFrolling) and Taylor model analysis of {111} grains in the 70% sample demonstrated that the slip was easier, and the system with higher SFrolling could alone accommodate the majority of plastic strain, contributing to the formation of micoshear bands. Upon annealing, the sample rolled 70% recrystallized more quickly, owing to strong {111} deformed texture, and severe microstructure subdivision and great stored energy within {111} grains. The {111} texture is very strong and grain size distribution was not uniform after the completion of recrystallization. However, after annealing of sample rolled 87%, smaller average grain size and variation, and relatively homogeneous texture distribution can be obtained.
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| 14. |
- Carlevaro-Fita, J, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer LncRNA Census reveals evidence for deep functional conservation of long noncoding RNAs in tumorigenesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1, s. 56-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a growing focus of cancer genomics studies, creating the need for a resource of lncRNAs with validated cancer roles. Furthermore, it remains debated whether mutated lncRNAs can drive tumorigenesis, and whether such functions could be conserved during evolution. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, we introduce the Cancer LncRNA Census (CLC), a compilation of 122 GENCODE lncRNAs with causal roles in cancer phenotypes. In contrast to existing databases, CLC requires strong functional or genetic evidence. CLC genes are enriched amongst driver genes predicted from somatic mutations, and display characteristic genomic features. Strikingly, CLC genes are enriched for driver mutations from unbiased, genome-wide transposon-mutagenesis screens in mice. We identified 10 tumour-causing mutations in orthologues of 8 lncRNAs, including LINC-PINT and NEAT1, but not MALAT1. Thus CLC represents a dataset of high-confidence cancer lncRNAs. Mutagenesis maps are a novel means for identifying deeply-conserved roles of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis.
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| 15. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Analysis Provides Evidence for the Causal Involvement of Dysregulation of CXCL9, CCL11 and CASP8 in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 17:5, s. 777-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims Systemic inflammation is well recognised to be associated with ulcerative colitis [UC], but whether these effects are causal or consequential remains unclear. We aimed to define potential causal relationship of cytokine dysregulation with different tiers of evidence. Methods We first synthesised serum proteomic profiling data from two multicentred observational studies, in which a panel of systemic inflammatory proteins was analysed to examine their associations with UC risk. To further dissect observed associations, we then performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation [TSMR] analysis from both forward and reverse directions using five genome-wide association study [GWAS] summary level data for serum proteomic profiles and the largest GWAS of 28 738 European-ancestry individuals for UC risk. Results Pooled analysis of serum proteomic data identified 14 proteins to be associated with the risk of UC. Forward MR analysis using only cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci [cis-pQTLs] or trans-pQTLs further validated causal associations of two chemokines and the increased risk of UC: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 [CXCL9] [OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08, 1.95, p = 0.012] and C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [CCL11] [OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09, 1.18, p = 3.89 x 10(-10)]. Using both cis- and trans-acting pQTLs, an association of caspase-8 [CASP8] [OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05, p = 7.63 x 10(-19)] was additionally identified. Reverse MR did not find any influence of genetic predisposition to UC on any of these three inflammation proteins. Conclusion Pre-existing elevated levels of CXCL9, CCL11 and CASP8 may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC.
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| 16. |
- Cheng, Minglun, et al.
(författare)
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Photocatalytic H-2 production using a hybrid assembly of an [FeFe]-hydrogenase model and CdSe quantum dot linked through a thiolato-functionalized cyclodextrin
- 2017
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Ingår i: Faraday discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1359-6640 .- 1364-5498. ; 198, s. 197-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a great challenge to develop iron-based highly-efficient and durable catalytic systems for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by understanding and learning from [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Here we report photocatalytic H-2 production by a hybrid assembly of a sulfonate-functionalized [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimic (1) and CdSe quantum dot (QD), which is denoted as 1/beta-CD-6-S-CdSe (beta-CD-6-SH = 6-mercapto-beta-cyclodextrin). In this assembly, thiolato-functionalized beta-CD acts not only as a stabilizing reagent of CdSe QDs but also as a host compound for the diiron catalyst, so as to confine CdSe QDs to the space near the site of diiron catalyst. In addition, another two reference systems comprising MAA-CdSe QDs (HMAA = mercaptoacetic acid) and 1 in the presence and absence of beta-CD, denoted as 1/beta-CD/MAA-CdSe and 1/MAA-CdSe, were studied for photocatalytic H-2 evolution. The influences of beta-CD and the stabilizing reagent beta-CD-6-S- on the stability of diiron catalyst, the fluorescence lifetime of CdSe QDs, the apparent electron transfer rate, and the photocatalytic H-2-evolving efficiency were explored by comparative studies of the three hybrid systems. The 1/beta-CD-6-SCdSe system displayed a faster apparent rate for electron transfer from CdSe QDs to the diiron catalyst compared to that observed for MAA-CdSe-based systems. The total TON for visible-light driven H-2 evolution by the 1/beta-CD-6-S-CdSe QDs in water at pH 4.5 is about 2370, corresponding to a TOF of 150 h(-1) in the initial 10 h of illumination, which is 2.7- and 6.6-fold more than the amount of H-2 produced from the reference systems 1/beta-CD/MAA-CdSe and 1/MAA-CdSe. Additionally, 1/beta-CD-6-S-CdSe gave 2.4-5.1 fold enhancement in the apparent quantum yield and significantly improved the stability of the system for photocatalytic H-2 evolution.
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| 17. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 18. |
- Erickson, Brittany A., et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating Full Elastodynamic Effects and Dipping Fault Geometries in Community Code Verification Exercises for Simulations of Earthquake Sequences and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America (BSSA). - : SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER. - 0037-1106 .- 1943-3573. ; 113:2, s. 499-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical modeling of earthquake dynamics and derived insight for seismic hazard relies on credible, reproducible model results. The sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) initiative has set out to facilitate community code comparisons, and verify and advance the next generation of physics-based earthquake models that reproduce all phases of the seis-mic cycle. With the goal of advancing SEAS models to robustly incorporate physical and geo-metrical complexities, here we present code comparison results from two new benchmark problems: BP1-FD considers full elastodynamic effects, and BP3-QD considers dipping fault geometries. Seven and eight modeling groups participated in BP1-FD and BP3-QD, respectively, allowing us to explore these physical ingredients across multiple codes and better understand associated numerical considerations. With new comparison metrics, we find that numerical resolution and computational domain size are critical parameters to obtain matching results. Codes for BP1-FD implement different criteria for switching between quasi-static and dynamic solvers, which require tuning to obtain matching results. In BP3-QD, proper remote boundary conditions consistent with specified rigid body translation are required to obtain matching surface displacements. With these numerical and mathematical issues resolved, we obtain excellent quantitative agreements among codes in earthquake interevent times, event moments, and coseismic slip, with reasonable agreements made in peak slip rates and rupture arrival time. We find that including full inertial effects generates events with larger slip rates and rupture speeds compared to the quasi-dynamic counterpart. For BP3-QD, both dip angle and sense of motion (thrust versus normal faulting) alter ground motion on the hanging and foot walls, and influence event patterns, with some sequences exhibiting similar-size character-istic earthquakes, and others exhibiting different-size events. These findings underscore the importance of considering full elastodynamics and nonvertical dip angles in SEAS models, as both influence short-and long-term earthquake behavior and are relevant to seismic hazard.
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| 19. |
- Fan, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Paper test strip for silver ions detection in drinking water samples based on combined fluorometric and colorimetric methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1878-5352 .- 1878-5379. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a portable silver ion (Ag+) sensor was fabricated based on a dual signal output system using black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) as probes. It is the first work for Ag+ detection using paper test strip based on BPQDs. The color change of BPQDs paper sensor for the determination of Ag+ was easily identified by naked eye. BPQDs were synthesized from bulk black phosphorus (BP) by mechanical exfoliation combined with a solvothermal method. BPQDs exhibited blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 8.82 %. The fluorescence of BPQDs can be quenched by Ag+, and the absorbance of BPQDs is increased with increasing Ag+ concentration. The mechanism of the interaction between BPQDs and Ag+ involving fluorescence quenching and bonding was investigated by experimental and computational methods. The detection limit of Ag+ was 1.56 μg/mL and 0.19 μg/mL using fluorometry and colorimetry methods, respectively. A portable visual sensor based on paper test strip was constructed for Ag+ detection using the colorimetric approach. The strategy was employed to determine Ag+ successfully in drinking water samples. Therefore, the proposed portable Ag+ sensor can be potentially utilized for the lab-free analysis of drinking water and even dietary samples.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Visible-light photocatalytic properties of weak magnetic BiFeO3 nanoparticles
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 19:19, s. 2889-2892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycrystalline BiFeO3 nanoparticles (size 80-120 nm) are prepared by a simple sol-gel technique. Such nanoparticles are very efficient for photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants under irradiation from ultraviolet to visible frequencies. The BiFeO3 nanoparticles also demonstrate weak ferromagnetism of about 0.06 mu(B)/Fe at room temperature, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
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| 22. |
- Geng, Longlong, et al.
(författare)
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Valence-mixed CuOx-nanoparticles anchored biomass-based carbon nanofiber for boosting toxic nitroarenes reduction : Synthesis, kinetics, and mechanisms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2213-3437. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rational modulation of metal catalysts with tailorable valence and redox properties is a promising strategy for further improving their catalytic performance. Herein, an environment-friendly grafting and thermal strategy was adopted to immobilize copper oxides nanoparticles on carbon nanofiber (CuOx/CF). Benefiting from the defect-rich surface and valence-mixed composition of the CuOx species, the optimized sample CuOx/CF-3 exhibits superb activity for the catalytic reduction of toxic nitrophenols. The complete conversion took only 1 min and an outstanding rate constant (k) of 112.7 × 10-3 s-1 was achieved under mild conditions (25 °C and 1 atm). Kinetic and recycle experiments demonstrated that the whole catalytic process obeys a pseudo-order kinetic, and the catalyst could maintain high conversion even after 13 successive recycles. These results demonstrate that CuOx/CF-3 is an alternative catalyst to noble metals, providing superb catalytic efficiency and stability in the reduction of toxic nitrophenols, and it can be expanded to develop other noble-metal-free catalysts for various applications.
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| 23. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 24. |
- Hu, Wenping, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing conjugated polymers into nanometer-scale devices
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Pure and Applied Chemistry. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0033-4545 .- 1365-3075. ; 78:10, s. 1803-1822
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we review the possibility of combining conjugated polymers with nanometer-scale devices (nanodevices), in order to introduce the properties associated with conjugated polymers into such nanodevices. This approach envisages combining the highly topical disciplines of polymer electronics and nanoelectronics to engender a new subdirection of polymer nanoelectronics, which can serve as a tool to probe the behavior of polymer molecules at the nanometer/molecular level, and contribute to clarifying transport mechanisms in conjugated polymers. In this study, we exemplify this combination, using a family of linear and conjugated polymers, poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)s (PPEs) with thiolacetate-functionalized end groups.
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| 25. |
- Hu, W., et al.
(författare)
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Electron transport in self-assembled polymer molecular junctions
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 96:2, s. 027801-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A molecular junction of a poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s derivative with thioacetate end groups (TA-PPE) was fabricated by self-assembling. Nanogap electrodes made by electroplating technique was used to couple thiol end groups of TA-PPE molecules. Room temperature current-voltage characteristics of the molecular junction exhibited highly periodic, repeatable, and identical stepwise features. First-principles calculations suggest that one possibility for the equidistant step is due to the opening of different conducting channels that corresponds to the unoccupied molecular orbitals of the polymer in the junction. It is interesting to see that an 18 nm long polymer is of quantized electronic structures and behaves like a quantum transport device.
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| 26. |
- Jia, Kai-Hua, et al.
(författare)
-
Chromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2052-7276 .- 2662-6810. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.
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| 27. |
- Jin, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-Wide Variant Identification and High-Density Genetic Map Construction Using RADseq for Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: G3. - : The Genetics Society of America. - 2160-1836. ; 9:11, s. 3663-3672
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platycladus orientalis is an ecologically important native conifer in Northern China and exotic species in many parts of the world; however, knowledge about the species' genetics and genome are very limited. The availability of well-developed battery of genetic markers, with large genome coverage, is a prerequisite for the species genetic dissection of adaptive attributes and efficient selective breeding. Here, we present a genome-wide genotyping method with double-digestion restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) that is effective in generating large number of Mendelian markers for genome mapping and other genetic applications. Using 139 megagametophytes collected from a single mother tree, we assembled 397,226 loci, of which 108,683 (27.4%) were polymorphic. After stringent filtering for 1:1 segregation ratio and missing rate of <20%, the remaining 23,926 loci (22% of the polymorphic loci) were ordered into 11 linkage groups (LGs) and distributed across 7,559 unique positions, with a total map length of 1,443 cM and an average spacing of 0.2 cM between adjacent unique positions. The 11 LGs correspond to the species' 11 haploid genome chromosome number. This genetic map is among few high-density maps available for conifers to date, and represents the first genetic map for P. orientalis. The information generated serves as a solid foundation not only for marker-assisted breeding efforts, but also for comparative conifer genomic studies.
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| 28. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 29. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 30. |
- Li, JunLong, et al.
(författare)
-
Compact broadband circularly-polarised antenna with a backed cavity for UHF RFID applications
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8725 .- 1751-8733. ; 13:6, s. 789-795
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact broadband circularly-polarised (CP) antenna is designed with a novel method for universal ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers. It is composed of a compact ring-shaped patch which aims to decrease the size of the antenna. A quadrature 3 dB coupler placed below the ground plane creates 90 degrees phase differences to generate the CP radiation of the antenna. To improve the performance of the proposed antenna and minimise its size, the authors use a coupling feeding method, an FR4 dielectric slab, and a metal cavity. The coupled feeding is implemented to eliminate the mismatching between the long probe and the ring-shaped patch, and to improve the gain over the operating band. The introduction of an FR4 dielectric slab and a cavity can reduce the antenna size and improve the impedance matching and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth. The antenna with a backed cavity can increase the front-to-back ratio remarkably and improve the CP performance further. The measured results show that the antenna with a low profile (0.45 lambda(0) x 0.45 lambda(0) x 0.06 lambda(0) at 915 MHz) has the impedance bandwidth of 30.2% (730-990 MHz) and 3 dB AR bandwidth of 24.2% (760-970 MHz). Both the impedance and the AR bandwidth cover the worldwide UHF RFID band.
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| 31. |
- Li, Xuechao, et al.
(författare)
-
Direct transformation of n-alkane into all-trans conjugated polyene via cascade dehydrogenation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 8:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective C(sp(3))-H activation is of fundamental importance in processing alkane feedstocks to produce high-value-added chemical products. By virtue of an on-surface synthesis strategy, we report selective cascade dehydrogenation of n-alkane molecules under surface constraints, which yields monodispersed all-trans conjugated polyenes with unprecedented length controllability. We are also able to demonstrate the generality of this concept for alkyl-substituted molecules with programmable lengths and diverse functionalities, and more importantly its promising potential in molecular wiring.
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| 32. |
- Liang, Wenbiao, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 materials for Li-ion batteries by microfluidic technology
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-crystal LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (SC-NMC) cathode with electro-chemo-mechanically compliant microstructure is regarded as a promising candidate for high-energy-density lithium ion battery. However, the research of Ni-rich SC-NCM still lags behind its corresponding polycrystalline cathode materials, mainly due to the difficulties in synthesis. Herein, the single-crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (SC-NCM811) was successfully synthesized by microfluidic technology combined with the solid-state lithiation process. The nano-sized Ni0.8C- o0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 precursor prepared via microfluidic technology enhances its accessibility to lithium salts, thus exhibiting high chemical activity for lithiation reaction. As a result, the optimized SC-NCM811 cathode shows relatively small-scale grain size (<3 mu m), low cation mixing and well layered structure, which is beneficial to electrochemical kinetics and redox reversibility. The electrochemical characterization results further reveal that the optimized SC-NCM811 cathode can well balance the cycle performance and rate capability, showing good electrochemical performance. Overall, microfluidic technology is expected to provide a new strategy for pre-paring single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials, which may extend to the commercial application of other cathode materials.
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| 33. |
- Lin, Zhaowei, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of BMP2 and VEGF165 on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-1015 .- 1792-0981. ; 7:3, s. 625-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are dominant seed cell sources for bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initiate cartilage and bone formation in a sequential cascade. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential coordinator of extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and bone formation. In the present study, the effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) genes on bone regeneration were investigated by the lentivirus-mediated cotransfection of the two genes into rat bone marrow-derived MSCs. The successful co-expression of the two genes in the MSCs was confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis. The results of alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining at 14 days subsequent to transfection showed that the area of staining in cells transfected with BMP2 alone was higher than that in cells transfected with BMP2 and VEGF165 or untransfected control cells, while the BMP2 + VEGF165 group showed significantly more staining than the untransfected control. This indicated that BMP2 alone exhibited a stronger effect in bone regeneration than BMP2 in combination with VEGF165. Similarly, in inducing culture medium, the ALP activity of the BMP2 + VEGF165 group was notably suppressed compared with that of the BMP2 group. The overexpression of VEGF165 inhibited BMP2-induced MSC differentiation and osteogenesis in vitro. Whether or not local VEGF gene therapy is likely to affect bone regeneration in vivo requires further investigation.
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| 34. |
- Liu, Qi, et al.
(författare)
-
Compact printed two dipole array antenna with a high front-back ratio for ultra-high-frequency radio-frequency identification handheld reader applications
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8725 .- 1751-8733. ; 9:1, s. 73-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A printed two-dipole array antenna with a high front-back ratio is proposed for ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification handheld readers. The proposed antenna is a parasitic dual-element array with the ends of both elements folded back towards each other for additional coupling. The antenna features a compact size of 89 mm x 87 mm and works properly with satisfactory gain and total efficiency in the wide UHF band of 860-960 MHz. Furthermore, the front-to-back ratio of 15-26.8 dB, the peak gain of 3.7-4.4 dBi and the total efficiency of more than 80% in the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) band make the proposed antenna attain high performance in the FCC band.
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| 35. |
- Liu, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of Pdn/g-C3N4 adsorbent for Hg0 removal – DFT study of influences of the support and Pd cluster size
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361. ; 254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elemental mercury in the flue gas is highly hazardous to the ecosystem. However, its removal from gas phase is of challenges as it is highly volatile, chemically very stable and insoluble in water. It is therefore imperative to develop novel adsorbents that are efficient in the removal of elemental mercury from gas mixtures. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was adopted to assist the development of novel adsorbents for mercury removal based on the in-depth understanding of the adsorption of Hg0 on g-C3N4, single Pd atoms and Pdn(n=2–4) clusters as well as the influences of the support and the size of Pd clusters on Hg0 adsorption. It is found that Hg0 atoms are physically adsorbed on the pristine g-C3N4 and are chemisorbed on the pure Pdn clusters and the Pdn/g-C3N4. The strongest adsorption happens on the Pd2 cluster and the Pd3/g-C3N4, while single Pd atoms doped on the g-C3N4 do not adsorb Hg0 atoms effectively. For a Pd4 cluster, there are at least four adsorption sites for the adsorption of Hg0, while these sites become more active in the presence of the support and the number of active sites for Hg0 adsorption on a Pd4 cluster doped on the g-C3N4 becomes seven due to the enhanced charge transfer from Hg atoms to the Pd cluster and the g-C3N4 surface. The most charge transfers are found to take place in the case of Pd2, Pd2/g-C3N4 and Pd3/g-C3N4, indicating the most intensive interactions between Hg0 and these configurations. Moreover, the shortened Pd-Hg bonds in the Pd3/g-C3N4 and the Pd4/g-C3N4 also shows the enhanced mercury adsorption, while opposite phenomena were observed in the other two structures, i.e., the Pd/g-C3N4 and the Pd2/g-C3N4.
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| 36. |
- Liu, Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of characteristics of splash lubrication and churning power loss in gearboxes with a guide plate
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Tribology International. - 0301-679X. ; 198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to clarify the action mechanism of the guide plate's influence on the oil flow and power loss of the gearbox, this paper investigates the churning loss and lubrication performance of the gearbox with guide plate based on an advanced MPS method. The numerical results were compared with the existing experimental results to verify the applicability and accuracy of the numerical method. The effects of rotational speed and oil immersion depth on the oil flow in the gearbox were analyzed, and the structural parameters of the guide plate were changed to reduce the churning loss. It is found that the total churning loss decreases due to the effect of the guide plate, which is related to the weakening of the turbulent kinetic energy, the weakening of the aeration phenomenon and the reduction of the churning loss at the periphery and end face of the gears. In general, the smaller radial and axial clearance between the guide plate and the gears corresponds to lower churning loss and better lubrication performance.
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| 37. |
- Lo, Sheng-Han, et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid desolvation-triggered domino lattice rearrangement in a metal-organic framework
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1755-4330 .- 1755-4349. ; 12:1, s. 90-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topological transitions between considerably different phases typically require harsh conditions to collectively break chemical bonds and overcome the stress caused to the original structure by altering its correlated bond environment. In this work we present a case system that can achieve rapid rearrangement of the whole lattice of a metal-organic framework through a domino alteration of the bond connectivity under mild conditions. The system transforms from a disordered metal-organic framework with low porosity to a highly porous and crystalline isomer within 40s following activation (solvent exchange and desolvation), resulting in a substantial increase in surface area from 725 to 2,749m(2)g(-1). Spectroscopic measurements show that this counter-intuitive lattice rearrangement involves a metastable intermediate that results from solvent removal on coordinatively unsaturated metal sites. This disordered-crystalline switch between two topological distinct metal-organic frameworks is shown to be reversible over four cycles through activation and reimmersion in polar solvents. A disordered metal-organic framework converts into a more porous, crystalline phase within 40s following solvent exchange and desolvation. The rapid domino rearrangement of the whole lattice, which involves carboxylate migration on coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, is accompanied by a substantial increase in surface area.
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| 38. |
- Long, Yushen, et al.
(författare)
-
A Hierarchical Distributed MPC for HVAC Systems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467386821 ; , s. 2385-2390
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a hierarchical distributed model predictive control scheme is proposed for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. The building consists in multiple connected rooms and zones. The control objective is to keep the temperature of each room and zone at a given comfortable level with minimal energy consumption. This control scheme is divided into two levels. The upper level controller collects temperature and predictive information of all rooms and zones to generate reference trajectories while a lower level controller only uses local information to track the reference and optimize energy efficiency and thermal comfort. By using a contraction property of building's dynamics, recursive feasibility of the proposed algorithm is guaranteed. Simulation results are given to show the performance of our proposed control strategy.
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| 39. |
- Long, Yushen, et al.
(författare)
-
Distributed nonlinear model predictive control based on contraction theory
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control. - : WILEY. - 1049-8923 .- 1099-1239. ; 28:2, s. 492-503
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel distributed model predictive control algorithm for continuous-time nonlinear systems is proposed in this paper. Contraction theory is used to estimate the prediction error in the algorithm, leading to new feasibility and stability conditions. Compared to existing analysis based on Lipschitz continuity, the proposed approach gives a distributed model predictive control algorithm under less conservative conditions, allowing stronger couplings between subsystems and a larger sampling interval when the subsystems satisfy the specified contraction conditions. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed approach.
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| 40. |
- Lv, Fei, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultraviolet-cured polyethylene oxide-based composite electrolyte enabling stable cycling of lithium battery at low temperature
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 596, s. 257-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The room and low-temperature performances of solid-state lithium batteries are crucial to expand their practical application. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) has received great attention as the most representative polymer electrolyte matrix. However, most PEO-based solid-state batteries need to operate at high temperature due to low room temperature ionic conductivity. Improving the ionic conductivity by adding plasticizers or reducing the crystallinity of PEO often compromises its mechanical strength. Here, an amorphous PEO-based composite solid-state electrolyte is obtained by ultraviolet (UV) polymerizing PEO and methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH570)-modified SiO2 which demonstrates both satisfactory mechanical performance and high ionic conductivity at room (3.37 x 10(-4) S cm(-1)) and low temperatures (1.73 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 0 degrees C). In this electrolyte, the crystallinity of PEO is reduced through cross-linking, and therefore provides a fast Li+ ions transfer area. Moreover, the KH570-modified SiO2 inorganic particles promote the dissociation of lithium salts by Lewis acid centers to increase the ionic conductivity. Importantly, this kind of cross-linking networks endows the final electrolyte much higher mechanical strength than the pure PEO polymer electrolyte or PEO-inorganic filler blended systems. The solid-state LiFePO4/Li cell assembled with this electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity at room and low temperatures.
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| 41. |
- Ma, Fei, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease : Role of Folate and Homocysteine
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 48:1-2, s. 56-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and age-related degenerative diseases. The relation of peripheral blood LTL to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of folate and homocysteine (Hcy) in this relation remain unclear.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risks of MCI/AD, and to explore whether folate and Hcy may play a role in this association.Methods: This case-control study included 129 MCI subjects, 131 AD patients and 134 healthy controls. LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Serum folate levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: The mean LTL was 1.56 +/- 0.25 in controls, 1.44 +/- 0.23 in MCI, and 1.28 +/- 0.28 in AD patients (p< 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, subjects in the longest LTL tertile had lower OR for MCI (OR 0.246; 95% CI 0.101-0.597) and AD (OR 0.123; 95% CI 0.044-0.345) in comparison to subjects in the shortest tertile. Shorter LTL was dose-dependently related to the ORs of MCI and AD. Further, serum folate concentration was positively associated with LTL (p < 0.01), while serum Hcy level was negatively associated with LTL (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, LTL-MCI/AD association varied by serum folate and Hcy level. Conclusions: Shorter LTL is associated with the risks of MCI/AD. Folate and Hcy might play an important role in this association.
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| 42. |
- Ma, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Deep Learning for Track Quality Evaluation of High-Speed Railway Based on Vehicle-Body Vibration Prediction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 185099-185107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Track quality evaluation is fundamental for track maintenance. Around the world, track geometry standards are established to evaluate track quality. However, these standards may not be capable of detecting some abnormal track geometry conditions that can cause considerable vehicle-body vibration. And people gradually realized that track quality evaluation should be based not only on track geometry but also on vehicle performance. Vehicle-body vibration prediction is beneficial for locating potential track geometry defects, and the predicted accelerations can be used as an auxiliary index for assessing track quality. For this purpose, this paper gives a method to predict vehicle-body vibration based on deep learning, which represents one of the newest areas in artificial intelligence. By integrating convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), a CNN-LSTM model is proposed to make accurate and point-wise prediction. To achieve the optimal performance and explore the internal mechanism of the model, structural configurations and inner states are extensively studied. CNN-LSTM can take advantage of the powerful feature extraction capacity of CNN and LSTM, and outperforms the fully-connected neural network and the plain LSTM on the experimental data of a high-speed railway. In detail, CNN-LSTM has superior performance in predicting vertical vehicle-body vibration below 10 Hz and lateral vehicle-body vibration below 1 Hz. Moreover, analysis shows that the predicted vehicle-body acceleration can act as a performance-based evaluation index of track quality.
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| 43. |
|
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| 44. |
- Nie, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Gapless genome assembly of azalea and multi-omics investigation into divergence between two species with distinct flower color
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 2662-6810 .- 2052-7276. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae), with more than 1000 species highly diverse in flower color, is providing distinct ornamental values and a model system for flower color studies. Here, we investigated the divergence between two parental species with different flower color widely used for azalea breeding. Gapless genome assembly was generated for the yellow-flowered azalea, Rhododendron molle. Comparative genomics found recent proliferation of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), especially Gypsy, has resulted in a 125 Mb (19%) genome size increase in species-specific regions, and a significant amount of dispersed gene duplicates (13 402) and pseudogenes (17 437). Metabolomic assessment revealed that yellow flower coloration is attributed to the dynamic changes of carotenoids/flavonols biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation. Time-ordered gene co-expression networks (TO-GCNs) and the comparison confirmed the metabolome and uncovered the specific gene regulatory changes underpinning the distinct flower pigmentation. B3 and ERF TFs were found dominating the gene regulation of carotenoids/flavonols characterized pigmentation in R. molle, while WRKY, ERF, WD40, C2H2, and NAC TFs collectively regulated the anthocyanins characterized pigmentation in the red-flowered R simsii. This study employed a multi-omics strategy in disentangling the complex divergence between two important azaleas and provided references for further functional genetics and molecular breeding.
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| 45. |
- Pan, T., et al.
(författare)
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Compact circularly polarized RFID tag antenna with an embedded U-shaped feedline for metallic surfaces
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium. - 9781934142288 ; , s. 1567-1571
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna with circular polarization (CP) radiation is proposed to operate at 902-928MHz and mount on metallic surfaces. A U-shaped terminal short-circuited feedline welded to a tag-chip is embedded in a rectangular slot to achieve a coupled feeding and a good impedance matching. By employing two truncated corners and two L-shaped slots with unequal length on the patch, a good left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and compact size are obtained. The measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 85MHz (875-960 MHz), while the simulated 3-dB CP bandwidth is 6MHz (912-918 MHz). The proposed tag antenna shows reasonable read ranges when mounted on the metal plate in the following experiment.
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| 46. |
- Parvez, Khaled, et al.
(författare)
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Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene in Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Salts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 136:16, s. 6083-6091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mass production of high-quality graphene sheets is essential for their practical application in electronics, optoelectronics, composite materials, and energy-storage devices. Here we report a prompt electrochemical exfoliation of graphene sheets into aqueous solutions of different inorganic salts ((NH4)(2)SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, etc.). Exfoliation in these electrolytes leads to graphene with a high yield (greater than85%, less than= 3 layers), large lateral size (up to 44 mu m), low oxidation degree (a C/O ratio of 17.2), and a remarkable hole mobility of 310 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Further, highly conductive graphene films (11 Omega sq(-1)) are readily fabricated on an A4-size paper by applying brush painting of a concentrated graphene ink (10 mg mL(-1), in N,N-dimethylformamide). All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors manufactured on the basis of such graphene films deliver a high area capacitance of 11.3 mF cm(-2) and an excellent rate capability of 5000 mV s(-1). The described electrochemical exfoliation shows great promise for the industrial-scale synthesis of high-quality graphene for numerous advanced applications.
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| 47. |
- Rheinbay, E, et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of non-coding somatic drivers in 2,658 cancer whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 102-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of drivers of cancer has traditionally focused on protein-coding genes1–4. Here we present analyses of driver point mutations and structural variants in non-coding regions across 2,658 genomes from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium5 of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For point mutations, we developed a statistically rigorous strategy for combining significance levels from multiple methods of driver discovery that overcomes the limitations of individual methods. For structural variants, we present two methods of driver discovery, and identify regions that are significantly affected by recurrent breakpoints and recurrent somatic juxtapositions. Our analyses confirm previously reported drivers6,7, raise doubts about others and identify novel candidates, including point mutations in the 5′ region of TP53, in the 3′ untranslated regions of NFKBIZ and TOB1, focal deletions in BRD4 and rearrangements in the loci of AKR1C genes. We show that although point mutations and structural variants that drive cancer are less frequent in non-coding genes and regulatory sequences than in protein-coding genes, additional examples of these drivers will be found as more cancer genomes become available.
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| 48. |
- Scott, Robert A., et al.
(författare)
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A genomic approach to therapeutic target validation identifies a glucose-lowering GLP1R variant protective for coronary heart disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 8:341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulatory authorities have indicated that new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) should not be associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Human genetics may be able to guide development of antidiabetic therapies by predicting cardiovascular and other health endpoints. We therefore investigated the association of variants in six genes that encode drug targets for obesity or T2D with a range of metabolic traits in up to 11,806 individuals by targeted exome sequencing and follow-up in 39,979 individuals by targeted genotyping, with additional in silico follow-up in consortia. We used these data to first compare associations of variants in genes encoding drug targets with the effects of pharmacological manipulation of those targets in clinical trials. We then tested the association of those variants with disease outcomes, including coronary heart disease, to predict cardiovascular safety of these agents. A low-frequency missense variant (Ala316Thr; rs10305492) in the gene encoding glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), the target of GLP1R agonists, was associated with lower fasting glucose and T2D risk, consistent with GLP1R agonist therapies. The minor allele was also associated with protection against heart disease, thus providing evidence that GLP1R agonists are not likely to be associated with an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Our results provide an encouraging signal that these agents may be associated with benefit, a question currently being addressed in randomized controlled trials. Genetic variants associated with metabolic traits and multiple disease outcomes can be used to validate therapeutic targets at an early stage in the drug development process.
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| 49. |
- Shi, Mangmang, et al.
(författare)
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Aqueous Organic Batteries Using the Proton as a Charge Carrier
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:42
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benefiting from the merits of low cost, nonflammability, and high operational safety, aqueous rechargeable batteries have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy-storage applications. Among various metal-ion/non-metallic charge carriers, the proton (H+) as a charge carrier possesses numerous unique properties such as fast proton diffusion dynamics, a low molar mass, and a small hydrated ion radius, which endow aqueous proton batteries (APBs) with a salient rate capability, a long-term life span, and an excellent low-temperature electrochemical performance. In addition, redox-active organic molecules, with the advantages of structural diversity, rich proton-storage sites, and abundant resources, are considered attractive electrode materials for APBs. However, the charge-storage and transport mechanisms of organic electrodes in APBs are still in their infancy. Therefore, finding suitable electrode materials and uncovering the H+-storage mechanisms are significant for the application of organic materials in APBs. Herein, the latest research progress on organic materials, such as small molecules and polymers for APBs, is reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary and evaluation of APBs employing organic electrodes as anode and/or cathode is provided, especially regarding their low-temperature and high-power performances, along with systematic discussions for guiding the rational design and the construction of APBs based on organic electrodes.
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| 50. |
- Shi, Tian-Le, et al.
(författare)
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Differential gene expression and potential regulatory network of fatty acid biosynthesis during fruit and leaf development in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree with significant deployment values
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is a woody oil plant with super stress resistance and excellent oil characteristics. The yellowhorn oil can be used as biofuel and edible oil with high nutritional and medicinal value. However, genetic studies on yellowhorn are just in the beginning, and fundamental biological questions regarding its very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, we reconstructed the VLCFA biosynthesis pathway and annotated 137 genes encoding relevant enzymes. We identified four oleosin genes that package triacylglycerols (TAGs) and are specifically expressed in fruits, likely playing key roles in yellowhorn oil production. Especially, by examining time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) constructed from fruit and leaf developments, we identified key enzymatic genes and potential regulatory transcription factors involved in VLCFA synthesis. In fruits, we further inferred a hierarchical regulatory network with MYB-related (XS03G0296800) and B3 (XS02G0057600) transcription factors as top-tier regulators, providing clues into factors controlling carbon flux into fatty acids. Our results offer new insights into key genes and transcriptional regulators governing fatty acid production in yellowhorn, laying the foundation for efforts to optimize oil content and fatty acid composition. Moreover, the gene expression patterns and putative regulatory relationships identified here will inform metabolic engineering and molecular breeding approaches tailored to meet biofuel and bioproduct demands.
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