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Sökning: WFRF:(Ljunggren Lars)

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1.
  • Varnaite, Renata, et al. (författare)
  • Magnitude and Functional Profile of the Human CD4(+) T Cell Response throughout Primary Immunization with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccine
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 204:4, s. 914-922
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the CNS caused by TBE virus. With no specific treatment available, the only protection is a formalin-inactivated whole virus vaccine. Primary immunization with European TBE vaccines, as recommended by the manufacturers, consists of three vaccine doses administered within a 1-y period. Protection from vaccination is believed to be mediated by Abs, yet T cells may also have a protective role. We set out to characterize the human CD4(+) T cell response throughout primary TBE immunization. The responses were evaluated before vaccination and 1 mo after each vaccine dose. A heterogeneous magnitude of CD4(+) T cell-mediated memory responses was observed in regard to lymphoblast expansion and cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF), with the highest median magnitude detected after the second dose of vaccine. Stimulation with an overlapping peptide library based on structural TBE virus proteins E and C revealed that CD4(+) T cells concomitantly producing IL-2 and TNF dominated the responses from vaccinees after each vaccine dose, whereas a control cohort of TBE patients responded mainly with all three cytokines. CD107a expression was not upregulated upon peptide stimulation in the vaccinees. However, CD154 (CD40L) expression on cytokine-positive memory CD4(+) T cells significantly increased after the second vaccine dose. Taken together, TBE vaccination induced CD4(+) T cell responses dominated by IL-2 and TNF production together with CD154 upregulation and a lower IFN-gamma response compared with TBE patients. This response pattern was consistent after all three doses of TBE vaccine.
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2.
  • Vimaleswaran, Karani S, et al. (författare)
  • Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 2:9, s. 719-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with high arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk, but whether this association is causal is unknown. We used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25(OH)D concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Methods In this mendelian randomisation study, we generated an allele score (25[OH]D synthesis score) based on variants of genes that affect 25(OH)D synthesis or substrate availability (CYP2R1 and DHCR7), which we used as a proxy for 25(OH)D concentration. We meta-analysed data for up to 108173 individuals from 35 studies in the D-CarDia collaboration to investigate associations between the allele score and blood pressure measurements. We complemented these analyses with previously published summary statistics from the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (ICBP), the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and the Global Blood Pressure Genetics (Global BPGen) consortium. Findings In phenotypic analyses (up to n=49363), increased 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·12 mm Hg, 95% CI −0·20 to −0·04; p=0·003) and reduced odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·97–0·99; p=0·0003), but not with decreased diastolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·02 mm Hg, −0·08 to 0·03; p=0·37). In meta-analyses in which we combined data from D-CarDia and the ICBP (n=146581, after exclusion of overlapping studies), each 25(OH)D-increasing allele of the synthesis score was associated with a change of −0·10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·21 to −0·0001; p=0·0498) and a change of −0·08 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·15 to −0·02; p=0·01). When D-CarDia and consortia data for hypertension were meta-analysed together (n=142255), the synthesis score was associated with a reduced odds of hypertension (OR per allele, 0·98, 0·96–0·99; p=0·001). In instrumental variable analysis, each 10% increase in genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a change of −0·29 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·52 to −0·07; p=0·01), a change of −0·37 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·73 to 0·003; p=0·052), and an 8·1% decreased odds of hypertension (OR 0·92, 0·87–0·97; p=0·002). Interpretation Increased plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D might reduce the risk of hypertension. This finding warrants further investigation in an independent, similarly powered study.
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4.
  • Agrarhistoria på många sätt : 28 studier om människan och jorden. Festskrift till Janken Myrdal på hans 60-årsdag
  • 2009
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den överväldigande majoriteten av alla människor har varit verksamma i arbetet med jord och skog. Än idag är detta helt nödvändigt för vår överlevnad. Idag ställs även krav på landskapets biologiska och estetiska värden. Allt talar för att vi är i stort behov av agrarhistorisk kunskap. Boken ökar vår kunskap om dess kärna - om jorden, djuren och redskapen - men även de sociala, kulturella och politiska förhållandena som påverkat jordbruket. Bokens alla författare, både svenska och utländska, gör oss medvetna om mängden av agrarhistoriska källor och metoder. denna stora antologi är tillägnad Janken Myrdal, agrarhistoriens främste representant i Sverige, som låtit de mest skiftande och överraskande källmaterial och metoder komma till användning i sitt arbete.
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5.
  • Bergström (fd Boman), Ylva, 1964- (författare)
  • Utbildningspolitik i det andra moderna : om skolans normativa villkor
  • 2002
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • What could education and citizenship possibly mean in Swedish political thought in the 21st century? The main question of this thesis is: What are the conceptual and historical conditions to relate education to the political and moral dimensions of citizenship, when society is characterized by pluralism cultural diversity? This overall embracing question is discussed from critical philosophical and theoretical view points and a historical perspective of what characterises the present. The first part (I) of the dissertation deals with the philosophical and theoretical discussion of modernity, using the theoretical perspectives of Michel Foucault and Jürgen Habermas. In the second part (II) the 20th century Swedish educational policy is analysed. And finally, the third part is a discussion on how education can be related to ethical and moral foundations when education as well as politics is characterised by plurality. In other words, the third part (III) is a discussion on the normative conditions of education; I discuss different concepts of community, emphasize the political and argue for a need of a cultural dimension of education and citizenship.Education can be seen as one provision (among others) for morally responsible and politically active people - participating in public discourses. The idea of the citizen as a well educated person has had a formative influence on Western educational thought. Even though the citizenship dimension of education has certain historical provisions, this relationship has been formulated in various ways. Education has been related todifferent dimensions of citizenship. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the discussion on the relation between education, democracy and citizenship, what vaules public education can embrace and on what values public education can be founded.
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8.
  • Bolinder, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 97:3, s. 1020-1031
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context:Dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reduces hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing urinary glucose excretion, and weight loss is a consistent associated finding.Objectives:Our objectives were to confirm weight loss with dapagliflozin and establish through body composition measurements whether weight loss is accounted for by changes in fat or fluid components.Design and Setting:This was a 24-wk, international, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with ongoing 78-wk site- and patient-blinded extension period at 40 sites in five countries.Patients:Included were 182 patients with T2DM (mean values: women 63.3 and men 58.6 yr of age; hemoglobin A1c 7.17%, body mass index 31.9 kg/m2, and body weight 91.5 kg) inadequately controlled on metformin.Intervention:Dapagliflozin 10 mg/d or placebo was added to open-label metformin for 24 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Primary endpoint was total body weight (TBW) change from baseline at wk 24. Key secondary endpoints were waist circumference and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total-body fat mass (FM) changes from baseline at wk 24, and patient proportion achieving body weight reduction of at least 5% at wk 24. In a subset of patients, magnetic resonance assessment of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and sc adipose tissue (SAT) volume and hepatic lipid content were also evaluated.Results:At wk 24, placebo-corrected changes with dapagliflozin were as follows: TBW, −2.08 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.84 to −1.31; P < 0.0001]; waist circumference, −1.52 cm (95% CI = −2.74 to −0.31; P = 0.0143); FM, −1.48 kg (95% CI = −2.22 to −0.74; P = 0.0001); proportion of patients achieving weight reduction of at least 5%, +26.2% (95% CI = 15.5 to 36.7; P < 0.0001); VAT, −258.4 cm3 (95% CI = −448.1 to −68.6; nominal P = 0.0084); SAT, −184.9 cm3 (95% CI = −359.7 to −10.1; nominal P = 0.0385). In the dapagliflozin vs. placebo groups, respectively, serious adverse events were reported in 6.6 vs. 1.1%; events suggestive of vulvovaginitis, balanitis, and related genital infection in 3.3 vs. 0%; and lower urinary tract infections in 6.6 vs. 2.2%.Conclusions:Dapagliflozin reduces TBW, predominantly by reducing FM, VAT and SAT in T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin.
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9.
  • Doverskog, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Cell cycle progression in serum-free cultures of Sf9 insect cells : Modulation by conditioned medium factors and implications for proliferation and productivity
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Biotechnology progress (Print). - : Wiley. - 8756-7938 .- 1520-6033. ; 16:5, s. 837-846
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cell cycle progression was studied in serum-free batch cultures of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells, and the implications for proliferation and productivity were investigated. Cell cycle dynamics in KBM10 serum-free medium was characterized by an accumulation of 50-70% of the cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle during the first 24 h after inoculation. Following the cell cycle arrest, the cell population was redistributed into G(1) and in particular into the S phase. Maximum rate of proliferation (mu(N,max)) was reached 24-48 h after the release from cell cycle arrest, coinciding with a minimum distribution of cells in the G(2)/M phase. The following declining mu(N) could be explained by a slow increase in the G(2)/M cell population. However, at approximately 100 h, an abrupt increase in the amount of G(2)/M cells occurred. This switch occurred at about the same time point and cell density, irrespective of medium composition and maximum cell density. An octaploid population evolved from G(2)/M arrested cells, showing the occurrence of endoreplication in this cell line. In addition, conditioned medium factor(s) were found to increase mu(N,max), decrease the time to reach mu(N,max), and decrease the synchronization of cells in G(2)/M during the lag and growth phase. A conditioned medium factor appears to be a small peptide. On basis of these results we suggest that the observed cell cycle dynamics is the result of autoregulatory events occurring at key points during the course of a culture, and that entry into mitosis is the target for regulation. Infecting the Sf9 cells with recombinant baculovirus resulted in a linear increase in volumetric productivity of beta-galactosidase up to 68-75 h of culture. Beyond this point almost no product was formed. Medium renewal at the time of infection could only partly restore the lost hypertrophy and product yield of cultures infected after the transition point. The critical time of infection correlated to the time when the mean;population cell volume had attained a minimum, and this occurred 24 h before the switch into the G(2)/M phase. We suggest that the cell density dependent decrease in productivity ultimately depends on the autoregulatory events leading to G(2)/M cell cycle arrest.
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10.
  • Engstedt, Olof, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of natal origin of pike (Esox lucius) in the Baltic Sea using Sr:Ca in otoliths
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Environmental Biology Of Fishes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 89:3-4, s. 547-555
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spawning habitat of pike (Esox lucius) in the Baltic Sea include brackish water bays, brooks and rivers. Elevated salinity concentrations are one of several stressors that might increase the use and importance of freshwater habitats for spawning. In the Baltic Sea, one of the largest brackish seas in the world, freshwater species like pike, perch (Perca fluviatilis), whitefish (Coregonus sp), bream (Abramis brama), ide (Leuciscus idus), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and burbot (Lola iota) all undertake spawning migrations to freshwater. However, over the last decades populations densities of these species have declined, and recruitment failure has been argued to be at least part of the problem. The importance of brooks and rivers as spawning areas for these species have not been quantified and set in relation to spawning success in brackish bays. In this study, we collected 175 adult pike (Esox lucius) on their foraging grounds in the sea. Fish were collected in two regions on the Baltic coast, more than 600 km apart. Subsequently we determined their origin (freshwater or marine) using otolith chemistry. Sagittal otoliths were analysed for strontium using the PIXE-method. The results show that 80 of the 175 pike were recruited in freshwater, and several of the larger specimens showed reoccurring migration behaviour. Data show that freshwater is an important recruitment habitat for Baltic Sea pike, suggesting that habitat improvements in rivers entering the Baltic Sea might significantly contribute to population restoration.
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11.
  • Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al. (författare)
  • Declines in predatory fish promote bloom-forming macroalgae.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 19:8, s. 1975-1988
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the Baltic Sea, increased dominance of ephemeral and bloom-forming algae is presently attributed to increased nutrient loads. Simultaneously, coastal predatory fish are in strong decline. Using field data from nine areas covering a 700-km coastline, we examined whether formation of macroalgal blooms could be linked to the composition of the fish community. We then tested whether predator or nutrient availability could explain the field patterns in two small-scale field experiments, by comparing joint effects on algal net production from nutrient enrichment with agricultural fertilizer and exclusion of larger predatory fish with cages. We also manipulated the presence of invertebrate grazers. The abundance of piscivorous fish had a strong negative correlation with the large-scale distribution of bloom-forming macroalgae. Areas with depleted top-predator communities displayed massive increases in their prey, small-bodied fish, and high covers of ephemeral algae. Combining the results from the two experiments showed that excluding larger piscivorous fish: (1) increased the abundance of small-bodied predatory fish; (2) changed the size distribution of the dominating grazers, decreasing the smaller gastropod scrapers; and (3) increased the net production of ephemeral macroalgae. Effects of removing top predators and nutrient enrichment were similar and additive, together increasing the abundance of ephemeral algae many times. Predator effects depended on invertebrate grazers; in the absence of invertebrates there were no significant effects of predator exclusion on algal production. Our results provide strong support for regional declines of larger predatory fish in the Baltic Sea promoting algal production by decreasing invertebrate grazer control. This highlights the importance of trophic interactions for ecosystem responses to eutrophication. The view emerges that to achieve management goals for water quality we need to consider the interplay between top-down and bottom-up processes in future ecosystem management of marine resources.
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12.
  • Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:7, s. 786-797
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By mainly targeting larger predatory fish, commercial fisheries have indirectly promoted rapid increases in densities of their prey; smaller predatory fish like sprat, stickleback and gobies. This process, known as mesopredator release, has effectively transformed many marine offshore basins into mesopredator-dominated ecosystems. In this article, we discuss recent indications of trophic cascades on the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Sweden, where increased abundances of mesopredatory fish are linked to increased nearshore production and biomass of ephemeral algae. Based on synthesis of monitoring data, we suggest that offshore exploitation of larger predatory fish has contributed to the increase in mesopredator fish also along the coasts, with indirect negative effects on important benthic habitats and coastal water quality. The results emphasize the need to rebuild offshore and coastal populations of larger predatory fish to levels where they regain their control over lower trophic levels and important links between offshore and coastal systems are restored.
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13.
  • Eriksson, Lars Douglas, 1940- (författare)
  • Kris, alienation och autenticitet i Lev Sestovs filosofi
  • 2017
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this study of Lev Shestov, the biographical method is used to explain his philosophy. The grave crisis or nervous breakdown Shestov went through caused a total transformation of his - convictions and values. It was probably this drama that led to his repudiation of the common life and traditional philosophy with its emphasis on reason, knowledge, and ethics in favour of an extreme individualism and religious transcendence.The aim of the dissertation is to examine, amongst the great number of philosophers and writers Shestov analysed, mainly those in his view “marginal thinkers”, who were of the greatest interest to him – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Lev Tolstoy, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Luther, and Søren Kierkegaard. On the basis of this analysis the character of Shestov’s philosophy is defined.According to Shestov, like his own crisis, the crises that these thinkers experienced occasioned a total transformation of their convictions and values. Šestov does not let his life find complete expression in his philosophy. Instead he projects his crisis into the five thinkers’ crises and philosophy.To characterize the previous and new modes of thinking, the concepts of alienation (degeneration, degradation, depravity) and authenticity (deliverance from alienation) are used. Shestov’s judgment of the consistency of the five thinkers’ new attitudes is presented, i.e. deliverance from the common life with its emphasis on rational eternal truths and moralism. Authentic life is in Shestov’s opinion the from the individual’s everyday life concealed experience of despair in extreme situations. This constitutes a grave crisis that leads to the repudiation of all hitherto held convictions and cherished hopes.The contrast between the Russian philosopher’s personal, (after his crisis) mainly tranquil, harmonious life and his philosophy is glaring.Analyzing the five thinkers, Shestov finds that they did not persevere with their new convictions, instead they complied with the by everybody accepted and everywhere valid truths. Shestov’s “theoretical”, uncompromising and consistent stance on one side and the lack of these characteristics with the aforementioned thinkers on the other side, to a great extent places Shestov in another category than these.In Shestov’s view freedom is in the region of tragedy, which nobody enters on his own will and in the incomprehensible trust in a capricious, “inhuman” God. According to Shestov, only the philosopher, who derives his thinking from a situation, where he experiences extreme despair and hopelessness, can claim to be a true philosopher.
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14.
  • Grassi, Lorenzo, et al. (författare)
  • 3D Finite Element Models Reconstructed From 2D Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Images Improve Hip Fracture Prediction Compared to Areal BMD in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden Cohort
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 38:9, s. 1258-1267
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bone strength is an important contributor to fracture risk. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used as a surrogate for bone strength in fracture risk prediction tools. 3D finite element (FE) models predict bone strength better than aBMD, but their clinical use is limited by the need for 3D computed tomography and lack of automation. We have earlier developed amethod to reconstruct the 3D hip anatomy froma 2D DXA image, followed by subject-specific FE-based prediction of proximal femoral strength. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the method's ability to predict incident hip fractures in a populationbased cohort (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men [MrOS] Sweden). We defined two subcohorts: (i) hip fracture cases and controls cohort: 120men with a hip fracture (<10 years frombaseline) and two controls to each hip fracture case, matched by age, height, and body mass index; and (ii) fallers cohort: 86men who had fallen the year before their hip DXA scan was acquired, 15 of which sustained a hip fracture during the following 10 years. For each participant, we reconstructed the 3D hip anatomy and predicted proximal femoral strength in 10 sideways fall configurations using FE analysis. The FE-predicted proximal femoral strength was a better predictor of incident hip fractures than aBMD for both hip fracture cases and controls (difference in area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, Delta AUROC = 0.06) and fallers (Delta AUROC = 0.22) cohorts. This is the first time that FE models outperformed aBMD in predicting incident hip fractures in a population-based prospectively followed cohort based on 3D FE models obtained from a 2D DXA scan. Our approach has potential to notably improve the accuracy of fracture risk predictions in a clinically feasible manner (only one single DXA image is needed) and without additional costs compared to the current clinical approach.
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15.
  • Grassi, Lorenzo, et al. (författare)
  • 3d Finite Element Models Reconstructed From 2d Dxa Images Improve Hip Fracture Prediction Compared to Areal Bmd in Mros Sweden Cohort
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - 1523-4681. ; 38:9, s. 1258-1267
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bone strength is an important contributor to fracture risk. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used as a surrogate for bone strength in fracture risk prediction tools. 3D finite element (FE) models predict bone strength better than aBMD, but their clinical use is limited by the need for 3D computed tomography and lack of automation. We have earlier developed a method to reconstruct the 3D hip anatomy from a 2D DXA image, followed by subject-specific FE-based prediction of proximal femoral strength. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the method's ability to predict incident hip fractures in a population-based cohort (MrOS Sweden). We defined two sub-cohorts: (i) hip fracture cases and controls cohort: 120 men with a hip fracture (<10 years from baseline) and 2 controls to each hip fracture case, matched by age, height, and body mass index; (ii) fallers cohort: 86 men who had fallen the year before their hip DXA scan was acquired, 15 of which sustained a hip fracture during the following 10 years. For each participant, we reconstructed the 3D hip anatomy and predicted proximal femoral strength in 10 sideways fall configurations using FE analysis. The FE-predicted proximal femoral strength was a better predictor of incident hip fractures than aBMD for both hip fracture cases and controls (difference in area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, ΔAUROC = 0.06) and fallers (ΔAUROC = 0.22) cohorts. This is the first time that FE models outperform aBMD in predicting incident hip fractures in a population-based prospectively followed cohort based on 3D FE models obtained from a 2D DXA scan. Our approach has potential to notably improve the accuracy of fracture risk predictions in a clinically feasible manner (only one single DXA image is needed) and without additional costs compared to the current clinical approach.
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16.
  • Gustafsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Acute Exercise on Circulating Soluble Form of the Urokinase Receptor in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Biomarker Insights. - : Sage Publications. - 1177-2719. ; 12, s. 1-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Inflammation has been proposed to play a role in the generation of depressive symptoms. Previously, we demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have increased plasma levels of the soluble form of the urokinase receptor (suPAR), a marker for low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that acute exercise would induce inflammatory response characterized by increased suPAR and elucidate whether patients with MDD display altered levels of suPAR in response to acute exercise. A total of 17 patients with MDD and 17 controls were subjected to an exercise challenge. Plasma suPAR (P-suPAR) was analyzed before, during, and after exercise. There was a significantly higher baseline P-suPAR in the patients with MDD, and the dynamic changes of P-suPAR during the exercise were significantly lower in the patients with MDD, compared with the controls. This study supports the hypothesis that an activation of systemic inflammatory processes, measured as elevated P-suPAR, is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. The study concludes that P-suPAR is influenced by acute exercise, most likely due to release from activated neutrophils.
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18.
  • Hansen, Joakim, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Våtmarker som fiskevårdsåtgärd vid kusten : utvärdering av restaurerade våtmarkers effekt på fiskreproduktion och ekosystemet längs Östersjökusten
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Många av Östersjöns kustfiskar är av sötvattenursprung och fortplantar sig i grunda vikar och kustnära våtmarker. Historiska utdikningar, kustexploatering och övergödning har lett till förluster av fiskens lek- och uppväxtområden, vilket tillsammans med fiske bidragit till minskande bestånd av exempelvis gädda och abborre. För att motverka nedgången har flera förvaltningsåtgärder initierats.Ungefär 100 våtmarker har restaurerats längs svenska ostkusten för att gynna reproduktionen av gädda och abborre. I samma syfte har fiskvandringshinder i kustmynnande vattendrag tagits bort på cirka 40 platser.Det fåtal uppföljningar som genomförts visar att sådana åtgärder har en god potential att bidra till stärkta kustbestånd av gädda och abborre. Mängden gäddyngel i kustvattnen utanför våtmarkerna tenderar att öka kraftigt efter åtgärderna, medan ingen tydlig förändring kan ses för mängden abborryngel. Det är dock stor variation i utfallet. En studie indikerar även en tydlig lokal ökning av gäddbestånden i kustvattnen utanför våtmarkerna. Sammanställningen visar även att borttagning av vandringshinder i kustmynnande vattendrag förbundna med olika sjösystem kan vara en effektivare metod än att restaurera våtmarker för attgynna abborre, vilket bör undersökas vidare.Det finns få studier som specifikt undersökt om åtgärderna kan ge så stark effekt på rovfiskbestånden att det indirekt påverkar resten av födoväven och ekosystemet. Det finns en potential för sådan påverkan. Men ökningen av rovfisk till följd av de åtgärdade våtmarkerna har i dagsläget inte varit tillräckligt kraftig för att leda till tydliga ekosystemeffekter, så som mindre mängd bytesfisk och påväxtalger.Även om våtmarker kan ge en lokal ökning av mängden fisk måste fler och kompletterande åtgärder till för att stärka kustens rovfiskbestånd. Åtgärderna bör utformas som en del av en tydligt samordnad och långsiktig förvaltning av kust och hav. Förutom en starkare reglering av kustfisket behövs exempelvis bättre skydd mot exploatering av fiskens lek- och uppväxtområden. Även lokal reduktion av mängden gråsäl och storskarv kan vara en möjlig åtgärd i områden där dessa rovdjur medför hög dödlighet på gädda och abborre.Utformningen av fiskeriförförvaltningen i öppet hav måste ha en mer rigid tillämpning av ekosystemansatsen och beakta konsekvenser för kustens ekosystem. Exempelvis tyder mycket på att förändringar i utsjöns fiskbestånd är en viktig bidragande orsak till att storspigg har ökat kraftigt de senaste decennierna. Storspiggen migrerar mellan utsjö och kust. Eftersom den äter gädd- och abborryngel minskar möjligheten att med lokala åtgärder stärka rovfiskbestånden vid kusten.Sammanställningen visar på en bristfällig koordinering och uppföljningav det senaste decenniets fiskevårdsåtgärder. För att skapa en bättre kunskapsbas för framtida förvaltningsbeslut finns därför ett behov av fler och samordnade mångåriga uppföljningar av åtgärder på såväl yngelproduktionoch lokala fiskbestånd som på kustekosystemet.
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19.
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20.
  • Hedman, Ann-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Dementia, delirium and other comorbid conditions in acute hip fracture care : Traditions, attitudes and local policies rather than actual state guide diagnose making?
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - Oslo : Nordic Journal of Nursing Research & Clinical Studies. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 25:4, s. 25-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the elderly, hip fracture is a common disease. Previous studies show that more than half of these patients has a co-existing dementia and/or delirium diagnose. We found a cognitive disorder diagnose code registered in only 11% of 14,993 hip fracture patients, 65 years or older, in Stockholm, Sweden during 1994–1999. Although most common in the clinical setting, acute confusional state (delirium) was hardly ever diagnose-coded (1%). Furthermore, the share of dementia/delirium registrations ranged from 6 to 17% between hospitals and within a single hospital from 1 to 20 %. The lack of pattern in diagnosis coding became even more evident in the patients who were transferred from acute care to geriatric rehabilitation – it was unusual that the diagnosis was given at both specialities. Also regarding secondary diagnoses on the whole, large differences on hospital level was found (range 0.4 – 2.2/patient). The over all impression of the findings was that recording of comorbid conditions in acute somatic care depends on other factors than the patient’s actual state such as traditions, attitudes and local policies (or the lack thereof). In conclusion, significant conditions crucial for planning, treatment and prognosis in the hip fracture population are virtually invisible in this administrative database.
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21.
  • Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Possible association between the androgen receptor gene and autism spectrum disorder.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 34:5, s. 752-761
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Autism is a highly heritable disorder but the specific genes involved remain largely unknown. The higher prevalence of autism in men than in women, in conjunction with a number of other observations, has led to the suggestion that prenatal brain exposure to androgens may be of importance for the development of this condition. Prompted by this hypothesis, we investigated the potential influence of variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene on the susceptibility for autism. To this end, 267 subjects with autism spectrum disorder and 617 controls were genotyped for three polymorphisms in exon 1 of the AR gene: the CAG repeat, the GGN repeat and the rs6152 SNP. In addition, parents and affected siblings were genotyped for 118 and 32 of the cases, respectively. Case-control comparisons revealed higher prevalence of short CAG alleles as well as of the A allele of the rs6152 SNP in female cases than in controls, but revealed no significant differences with respect to the GGN repeat. Analysis of the 118 families using transmission disequilibrium test, on the other hand, suggested an association with the GGN polymorphism, the rare 20-repeat allele being undertransmitted to male cases and the 23-repeat allele being overtransmitted to female cases. Sequencing of the AR gene in 46 patients revealed no mutations or rare variants. The results lend some support for an influence of the studied polymorphisms on the susceptibility for autism, but argue against the possibility that mutations in the AR gene are common in subjects with this condition.
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22.
  • Jallow, Amadou, et al. (författare)
  • HIV-infection and psychiatric illnesses : A double edged sword that threatens the vision of a contained epidemic The Greater Stockholm HIV Cohort Study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Infection. - : W B SAUNDERS CO LTD. - 0163-4453 .- 1532-2742. ; 74:1, s. 22-28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: The Greater Stockholm HIV Cohort Study is an initiative to provide longitudinal information regarding the health of people living with HIV. Objective: Our aim was to explore the prevalence of HIV and its association with psychiatric co-morbidities. Design, setting and participants: All patients with a recorded diagnosis of HIV ( any position of the ICD-10 codes B20-B24) were identified during the period 2007-2014 and related to the total population in Stockholm by January 1, 2015, N = 2.21 million. The age at diagnosis, gender, and first occurrence of an HIV diagnosis was recorded. Analyses were done by age and gender. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities amongst HIV patients were recorded. Main outcome measures: Age-adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression for prevalent psychiatric co-morbidities in HIV infected individuals compared to the prevalence in the general population. Results: The total prevalence of HIV was 0.16%; females 0.10% (n Z 1134) and males 0.21% (n Z 2448). HIV-infected people were more frequently diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses and drug abuse. In females and males with HIV-diagnosis respectively, drug dependence disorder was 7.5 (7.76% vs 1.04%) and 5.1 (10.17% vs 1.98%) times higher, psychotic disorders were 6.3 (2.65% vs 0.42%) and 2.9 (1.43% vs 0.49%) times higher, bipolar disorder was 2.5 (1.41% vs 0.57%) and 3 (1.02% vs 0.34%) times higher, depression diagnosis was 1.5 (8.47% vs 5.82%) and 3.4 (10.17% vs 2.97%) higher, trauma-related disorder was 1.5 (6.00% vs 4.10%) respectively 2.9 (4.45% vs 1.56%) times higher, anxiety disorder was 1.2 (6.88% vs 5.72%) and 2.2 (6.54% vs 2.93%) times higher than in their non-infected peers. Conclusion: Despite effective ART, many individuals with HIV have an impaired mental health and a history of drug abuse that may threaten the vision of a contained epidemic. (C) 2016 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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23.
  • Jiang, Zheshun, et al. (författare)
  • Hexavalent chromium still a concern in Sweden : Evidence from a cross-sectional study within the SafeChrom project
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 256
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectivesHexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is classified as a human carcinogen. Occupational Cr(VI) exposure can occur during different work processes, but the current exposure to Cr(VI) at Swedish workplaces is unknown.MethodsThis cross-sectional study (SafeChrom) recruited non-smoking men and women from 14 companies with potential Cr(VI) exposure (n = 113) and controls from 6 companies without Cr(VI) exposure (n = 72). Inhalable Cr(VI) was measured by personal air sampling (outside of respiratory protection) in exposed workers. Total Cr was measured in urine (pre- and post-shift, density-adjusted) and red blood cells (RBC) (reflecting Cr(VI)) in exposed workers and controls. The Bayesian tool Expostats was used to assess risk and evaluate occupational exposure limit (OEL) compliance.ResultsThe exposed workers performed processing of metal products, steel production, welding, plating, and various chemical processes. The geometric mean concentration of inhalable Cr(VI) in exposed workers was 0.15 μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.21). Eight of the 113 exposed workers (7%) exceeded the Swedish OEL of 5 μg/m3, and the Bayesian analysis estimated the share of OEL exceedances up to 19.6% for stainless steel welders. Median post-shift urinary (0.60 μg/L, 5th-95th percentile 0.10–3.20) and RBC concentrations (0.73 μg/L, 0.51–2.33) of Cr were significantly higher in the exposed group compared with the controls (urinary 0.10 μg/L, 0.06–0.56 and RBC 0.53 μg/L, 0.42–0.72). Inhalable Cr(VI) correlated with urinary Cr (rS = 0.64) and RBC-Cr (rS = 0.53). Workers within steel production showed the highest concentrations of inhalable, urinary and RBC Cr. Workers with inferred non-acceptable local exhaustion ventilation showed significantly higher inhalable Cr(VI), urinary and RBC Cr concentrations compared with those with inferred acceptable ventilation. Furthermore, workers with inferred correct use of respiratory protection were exposed to significantly higher concentrations of Cr(VI) in air and had higher levels of Cr in urine and RBC than those assessed with incorrect or no use. Based on the Swedish job-exposure-matrix, approximately 17 900 workers were estimated to be occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) today.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that some workers in Sweden are exposed to high levels of the non-threshold carcinogen Cr(VI). Employers and workers seem aware of Cr(VI) exposure, but more efficient exposure control strategies are required. National strategies aligned with the European strategies are needed in order to eliminate this cause of occupational cancer.
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24.
  • Jiang, Zheshun, et al. (författare)
  • P-205 THE SAFECHROM PROJECT - EVIDENCE FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY SHOWS THAT HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IS STILL A CONCERN IN SWEDEN
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Occupational Medicine. - 0962-7480. ; 74:Suppl 1, s. 291-292
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen, but the current exposure to Cr(VI) at Swedish workplaces is unknown.Recruitment of 113 workers with potential Cr(VI) exposure and 72 controls was combined with measurements of inhalable Cr(VI) (only exposed workers) and total Cr in urine and red blood cells (RBC), Bayesian analysis of occupational exposure limit (OEL) compliance was used, as well as the Swedish job-exposure-matrix.Exposed workers performed processing of metal products, steel production, welding, and plating. The geometric mean concentration of inhalable Cr(VI) in exposed workers was 0.15 μg/m3. Eight workers (7\ exceeded the Swedish OEL (5 μg/m3), and the share of OEL exceedances was estimated to be up to 19.6\ and RBC-Cr were significantly higher in exposed workers compared with controls. Workers with inferred non-acceptable local exhaustion ventilation showed significantly higher inhalable Cr(VI), urine- and RBC-Cr than those with acceptable ventilation. Workers with inferred correct use of respiratory protection had higher inhalable Cr(VI), and, paradoxically, higher urine- and RBC-Cr concentrations than workers with incorrect use. We estimate that ~17 900 Swedish workers are occupationally exposed to Cr(VI) today.Our study showed that although most air measurements were relatively low, 7\ and particularly stainless steel workers are at risk for exceeding the OEL. The existing protective measures implemented at workplaces are still inadequate and insufficient.Some workers in Sweden are exposed to high levels of the non-threshold carcinogen Cr(VI). National strategies aligned with European strategies are needed to eliminate occupational cancer.
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25.
  • Karasik, D., et al. (författare)
  • Disentangling the genetics of lean mass
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 109:2, s. 276-287
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Lean body mass (LM) plays an important role in mobility and metabolic function. We previously identified five loci associated with LM adjusted for fat mass in kilograms. Such an adjustment may reduce the power to identify genetic signals having an association with both lean mass and fat mass. Objectives: To determine the impact of different fat mass adjustments on genetic architecture of LM and identify additional LM loci. Methods: We performed genome-wide association analyses for whole-body LM (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, age(2), and height with or without fat mass adjustments (Model 1 no fat adjustment; Model 2 adjustment for fat mass as a percentage of body mass; Model 3 adjustment for fat mass in kilograms). Results: Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in separate loci, including one novel LM locus (TNRC6B), were successfully replicated in an additional 47,227 individuals from 29 cohorts. Based on the strengths of the associations in Model 1 vs Model 3, we divided the LM loci into those with an effect on both lean mass and fat mass in the same direction and refer to those as "sumo wrestler" loci (FTO and MC4R). In contrast, loci with an impact specifically on LMwere termed "body builder" loci (VCAN and ADAMTSL3). Using existing available genome-wide association study databases, LM increasing alleles of SNPs in sumo wrestler loci were associated with an adverse metabolic profile, whereas LM increasing alleles of SNPs in "body builder" loci were associated with metabolic protection. Conclusions: In conclusion, we identified one novel LM locus (TNRC6B). Our results suggest that a genetically determined increase in lean mass might exert either harmful or protective effects on metabolic traits, depending on its relation to fat mass.
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26.
  • Karlsson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Mode of coreceptor use by R5 HIV type 1 correlates with disease stage: a study of paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid isolates.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: AIDS research and human retroviruses. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1931-8405 .- 0889-2229. ; 25:12, s. 1297-1305
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Through the use of chimeric CXCR4/CCR5 receptors we have previously shown that CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 isolates acquire a more flexible receptor use over time, and that this links to a reduced viral susceptibility to inhibition by the CCR5 ligand RANTES. These findings may have relevance with regards to the efficacy of antiretroviral compounds that target CCR5/virus interactions. Compartmentalized discrepancies in coreceptor use may occur, which could also affect the efficacy of these compounds at specific anatomical sites, such as within the CNS. In this cross-sectional study we have used wild-type CCR5 and CXCR4 as well as chimeric CXCR4/CCR5 receptors to characterize coreceptor use by paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isolates from 28 HIV-1-infected individuals. Furthermore, selected R5 isolates, with varying chimeric receptor use, were tested for sensitivity to inhibition by the CCR5 antagonist TAK-779. Discordant CSF/plasma virus coreceptor use was found in 10/28 patients. Low CD4+ T cell counts correlated strongly with a more flexible mode of R5 virus CCR5 usage, as disclosed by an increased ability to utilize chimeric CXCR4/CCR5 receptors, specifically receptor FC-2. Importantly, an elevated ability to utilize chimeric receptors correlated with a reduced susceptibility to inhibition by TAK-779. Our findings show that a discordant CSF and plasma virus coreceptor use is not uncommon. Furthermore, we provide support for an emerging paradigm, where the acquisition of a more flexible mode of CCR5 usage is a key event in R5 virus pathogenesis. This may, in turn, negatively impact the efficacy of CCR5 antagonist treatment in late stage HIV-1 disease.
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27.
  • Kilbo Edlund, Karl, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term ambient air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis : results from the Swedish SCAPIS study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and aims: Despite firm evidence for an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, results from epidemiological studies on the association between air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis have not been consistent. We investigated associations between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and coronary atherosclerosis.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the large Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS, n = 30 154), a random general population sample. Concentrations of total and locally emitted particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residential address were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), number of non-calcified plaques (NCP), and number of significant stenoses, using ordinal regression models extensively adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Median 10-year average PM2.5 exposure was 6.2 μg/m3 (range 3.5–13.4 μg/m3). 51 % of participants were women and 51 % were never-smokers. None of the assessed pollutants were associated with a higher SIS or CACS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with NCP (adjusted OR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.13, 1.58, per 2.05 μg/m3). Associations with significant stenoses were inconsistent.Conclusions: In this large, middle-aged general population sample with low exposure levels, air pollution was not associated with measures of total burden of coronary atherosclerosis. However, PM2.5 appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques. The results suggest that increased risk of early-stage atherosclerosis or rupture, but not increased total atherosclerotic burden, may be a pathway for long-term air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease.
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28.
  • Kleberg, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Charles Rougle in memoriam 1946-2020
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scando-Slavica. - : Routledge. - 0080-6765 .- 1600-082X. ; 66:2, s. 320-322
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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29.
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30.
  • Lindqvist, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA - a Novel Marker of Mitochondrial Stress Associated With Suicidality and Major Depressive Disorder
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 83:9, suppl. 1, s. S25-S26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn), which represents the number of mitochondrial genomes per cell, can be quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and is thought to reflect variations in mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, mtDNA may be released at low levels into the circulation from mitochondria under cellular stress, resulting in circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) detectable in plasma. The source or physiological significance of ccf-mtDNA in psychiatric illness is unknown but may reflect cell damage, cell death, or bioenergetic compromise. Methods: We enrolled suicide attempters (across diagnoses), non-suicidal subjects with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and healthy controls (all medication-free) in two independent cohorts (n=110 & n=74). MtDNA was quantified in cell-free plasma and in PBMCs. Results: Ccf-mtDNA was elevated in suicide attempters and in non-suicidal MDD subjects, compared to healthy controls. These group effects were very large (Cohen’s d ranging from 0.9 to 4.0, all p<0.00001). Ccf-mtDNA and cellular PBMC mtDNA-cn were not significantly correlated with each other (r=0.02, p=0.87), suggesting they reflect different processes. Ccf-mtDNA correlated with post-dexamethasone cortisol (r=0.5, p<0.001), suggesting that HPA-axis hyperactivity may be associated with cellular damage and release of ccf-mtDNA into the blood. Ccf-mtDNA also directly correlated with the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (r=0.32, p=0.001), possibly reflecting a compensatory attempt to upregulate antioxidant defence mechanisms due to cellular stress. Conclusions: Ccf-mtDNA may represent a novel marker of cellular stress, which is increased in certain psychiatric conditions. These results call for replication in larger cohorts and in longitudinal studies.
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31.
  • Lindqvist, D., et al. (författare)
  • Increased plasma levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in suicide attempters : associations with HPA-axis hyperactivity
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2158-3188. ; 6:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Preclinical data suggest that chronic stress may cause cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the bloodstream. Major depressive disorder has been associated with an increased amount of mtDNA in leukocytes from saliva samples and blood; however, no previous studies have measured plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA in a clinical psychiatric sample. In this study, free circulating mtDNA was quantified in plasma samples from 37 suicide attempters, who had undergone a dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and 37 healthy controls. We hypothesized that free circulating mtDNA would be elevated in the suicide attempters and would be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity. Suicide attempters had significantly higher plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA compared with healthy controls at different time points (pre- and post-DST; all P-values < 2.98E - 12, Cohen's d ranging from 2.55 to 4.01). Pre-DST plasma levels of mtDNA were positively correlated with post-DST cortisol levels (rho = 0.49, P < 0.003). Suicide attempters may have elevated plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA, which are related to impaired HPA-axis negative feedback. This peripheral index is consistent with an increased cellular or mitochondrial damage. The specific cells and tissues contributing to plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA are not known, as is the specificity of this finding for suicide attempters. Future studies are needed in order to better understand the relevance of increased free-circulating mtDNA in relation to the pathophysiology underlying suicidal behavior and depression.
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32.
  • Lindqvist, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Increased Plasma Levels of Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNS in Suicide Attempters - Associations with HPA-Axis Hyperactivity
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 81:10, s. S228-S228
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Preclinical data suggest that chronic stress may cause cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the bloodstream. Major Depressive Disorder has been associated with an increased amount of mtDNA in leukocytes from saliva samples and blood, but no previous studies have measured plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA in a clinical psychiatric sample.Methods: In this study, free circulating mtDNA was quantified in plasma samples from 37 suicide attempters, who had undergone a dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and 37 healthy controls. We hypothesized that free circulating mtDNA would be elevated in the suicide attempters and associated with hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity. Results: Suicide attempters had significantly higher plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA compared to healthy controls at different time points (pre- and post-DST) (all p-values ,2.98E-12, Cohen’s d ranging from 2.55-4.01). Pre-DST plasma levels of mtDNA were positively correlated with postDST cortisol levels (rho50.49, p,0.003).Conclusions: Suicide attempters may have elevated plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA, which are related to impaired HPA-axis negative feedback. This peripheral index is consistent with increased cellular or mitochondrial damage. The specific cells and tissues contributing to plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA are not known, as is the specificity of this finding for suicide attempters. Future studies are needed in order to better understand the relevance of increased freecirculating mtDNA in relation to the pathophysiology underlying suicidal behavior and depression.
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33.
  • Ljunggren, Carl Gustaf, et al. (författare)
  • Icons in paediatrics: Rolf Kostmann (1909-1982)
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:7, s. 1070-1072
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the medical literature, diseases and syndromes are sometimes named after the first person to publish a report on, or describe, a condition. This is, of course, a great honour, both for the physician and his or her country and only a handful of Swedish medical researchers have achieved this. Swedish paediatrician Rolf Kostmann (Fig. 1) joined this elite group following his report on what he called infantile hereditary agranulocytosis (agranulocytosis infantilis hereditaria), which was first published 1950 in Swedish (1), and his dissertation in 1956 (2), He was the first to describe severe chronic neutropenia as an inherited disease. This article is protected by copyright.
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34.
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35.
  • Ljunggren, Lennart, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of probiotic supplementation on testosterone levels in healthy ageing men : A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. - : Elsevier. - 2451-8654. ; 39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Levels of the male sex hormone testosterone are generally stable in the age interval 20 -70 years, but several studies indicate an earlier, age-dependent decline. Testosterone deficiency is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, but replacement therapy has nonetheless increased during the last couple of years. Owing to possible negative side effects, alternative treatments have been investigated, including different supplementation protocols. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the testosterone level in healthy men aged between 55 and 65. Hence, 12 weeks randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect on testosterone levels following supplementation of the recognized probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 on testosterone levels, using high-, low- or placebo treatment. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks, for analysis of bloodwork, lipid profile, hormones, and electrolytes. Subjects were also asked to complete a questionnaire. The supplementation had no effect on testosterone levels, neither using high- or low dose, nor placebo. However, a significant decrease of triglyceride levels was observed in the high-dose group. No other parameters showed any significant change. The present study does not support the hypothesis that a probiotic supplementation can increase testosterone levels in ageing men.
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36.
  • Ljunggren, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Fiskyngelinventering av grunda kustvikar i Gotlands län 2021
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Under sommaren 2021 genomföres en inventering av fiskyngel i ett antal vikar och kustområden på Gotland. Kustvattnen på Gotland är överlag tämligen tomma på yngel av vårlekande fiskarter. Fiskyngelsamhället domineras av storspigg och småspigg. Vissa vikar hade även inslag av skarpsill och stubb. Generellt fångades få fiskyngel, men enstaka observationen gjordes av ruda, sjustrålig smörbult och strömming. Även detta år bröt Bogeviken mönstret helt genom att domineras av abborre. Glädjande nog hittades abborre även i Histilles, Kyrkbinge och Asunden, dock inte i Lergrav där abborre påträffades 2020. Två välväxta gäddyngel påträffades i Histilles. Resultaten ger ett perspektiv på hur viktiga avsnörda vikar, eller kustnära sjöar, är för kustens abborrbestånd, när rekryteringen inte fungerar i kustmiljön. I princip samtliga undersökta områden har en frodig vegetation som domineras av borstnate, ställvis är inslaget av ålgräs betydande på lite djupare sandbottnar. Det finns enorma arealer som är utmärkta yngelhabitat. Uppväxtmiljöer är ingen begränsande faktor. Inslaget av påväxt av fintrådiga alger är relativt högt, men inte kvävande.
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37.
  • Ljunggren, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Fiskyngelinventering av grunda kustvikar i Gotlands län 2022
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Under sommaren 2022 genomföres en inventering av fiskyngel i tio vikar och kustområden på Gotland. Kustvattnen på Gotland är överlag tämligen tomma på yngel av vårlekande fiskarter. Resultaten är dock att betrakta som positiva, sett till tidigare års undersökningar. Även i år påträffades abborryngel i Bogeviken, men abborre påträffades också i sex av de andra tio lokalerna. Gädda påträffades bara i en vik, Vägumeviken. Där var tätheten av årsyngel av gädda relativt hög. Baserat på resultaten av tre års yngelinventeringar så framträder Bogeviken som en extremt viktigt rekryteringslokal för abborre på Gotland.
  •  
38.
  • Ljunggren, Lars (författare)
  • Growth response of pikeperch larvae in relation to body size and zooplankton abundance
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 60:2, s. 405-414
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The most critical period at onset of feeding in pikeperch Stizostedion luc\ioperca is short (<5 days at 20degreesC). The larvae are sensitive to prey density during the first week of exogenous feeding. First-feeding larvae of 6.5 mm total length (L-T) needed prey densities of >585 prey l(-1) to maintain mass (C-maint), whereas 5 days older larvae of 7 mm L-T C-maint=55 prey l(-1) and for 11 mm L-T larvae C-maint <10 prey l(-1). Changes in specific growth rates for larvae of 7 and 11 mm were similar to a type-II functional response curve reaching a specific growth rate of 26 and 30% day(-1), respectively, at 1000 prey l(-1), whereas the 6.5 mm larvae showed a linear growth response reaching a specific growth rate of only 9% day(-1) at 1000 prey l(-1). The results suggest that prey density is a limiting factor, which might contribute to the high variation between year-class strengths.
  •  
39.
  • Ljunggren, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Recruitment failure of coastal predatory fish in the Baltic Sea coincident with an offshore ecosystem regime shift
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 67:8, s. 1587-1595
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The dominant coastal predatory fish in the southwestern Baltic Sea, perch and pike, have decreased markedly in abundance during the past decade. An investigation into their recruitment at 135 coastal sites showed that both species suffered from recruitment failures, mainly in open coastal areas. A detailed study of 15 sites showed that areas with recruitment problems were also notable for mortality of early-stage larvae at the onset of exogenous food-intake. At those sites, zooplankton abundance predicted 83 and 34% of the variation in young of the year perch and pike, respectively, suggesting that the declines were caused by recruitment failure attributable to zooplankton food limitation. Incidences of recruitment failure match in time an offshore trophic cascade that generated massive increases in planktivorous sprat and decreases in zooplankton biomass in the early 1990s. Therefore, sprat biomass explained 53% of the variation in perch recruitment from 1994 to 2007 at an open coastal site, where three-spined stickleback also increased exponentially after 2002. The results indicate that the dramatic change in the offshore ecosystem may have propagated to the coast causing declines of the dominating coastal predators perch and pike followed by an increase in the abundance of small-bodied fish.
  •  
40.
  • Ljunggren, Lars (författare)
  • Rekrytering av kustfisk i Gävleborgs län – En sammanställning av provfisken efter årsyngel 2002-2015
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Länsstyrelsen i Gävleborg har inom den regionala miljöövervakningen noterat rekryteringsproblem för flera av de vanligen förekommande kustfiskarterna. Senare års inventeringar visar på mycket låg förekomst av yngel, framförallt när det gäller gädda. Denna rapport utgör en samlad utvärdering av fiskyngeldata för åren 2002-2015, i Gävleborgs län. Rekryteringen ser relativt god ut för abborre, vilket också nätprovfisken i Långvind tyder på. Rekryteringen av mört ser tämligen stabil ut om än något svag. Däremot så kan man konstatera att rekryteringen av gädda varit alarmerande svag de senaste tio åren. Med vissa undantag av mycket avsnörda vikar så verkar det vara ett mönster som gäller hela länet. Under samma period så har tätheterna av storspigg och skarv ökat påtagligt, båda dessa arter har potential att avsevärt påverka gäddbestånden negativt.
  •  
41.
  • Ljunggren, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Rekryteringsproblem hos Östersjöns kustfiskbestånd
  • 2005
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Acidification of lakes exposed to acid deposition is generally accompanied by a severe decrease in production (oligotrophication). In this study, we examined sediment from Lakes Gårdsjön and Härsvatten, Sweden, to determine whether sediment phosphorus (P) retention increased during the years corresponding to lake acidification. Sediment from both lakes had increases in aluminum (Al) in the upper 10 cm, and dating of Lake Gårdsjön sediment revealed that the Al increase occurred from 1950 to 2001 in this lake. The increase in Al input caused an increase inAl-bound P (Al–P) formation and overall sediment total phosphorus retention during the same period. Lake Gårdsjön received an additional 12.9 g·m–2 of Al, above preacidification background levels, that bound 1.1 g·m–2 of P and removed it from the in-lake P cycle from 1950 to 2001. A substantial portion (up to 76%) of the total external P load eventually was converted to Al–P and buried in the sediment over this period. The increase in sediment P burial due to increased formation of Al–P in systems similar to Lake Gårdsjön may have detrimental effects on nutrient cycling, and as a result, on productivity within the lake, leading to acido-oligotrophication.
  •  
42.
  • Ljunggren, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Yngelinventering av grunda havsvikar i Gotlands län 2020
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Grunda vegetationsklädda områden i skyddade lägen på svenska ostkusten utgör viktiga rekryteringsområden för ett flertal vårlekande arter som abborre, gädda, mört, löja, björkna, braxen m.fl. arter (Karås 1999, Urho 2002, Ljunggren 2005). I dessa områden finns det substrat för lek, skyddande växtlighet, föda för de snabbt växande fiskynglen och en lämplig uppväxtmiljö vad gäller fysikaliska och vattenkemiska betingelser (Urho 2002, Karås 1996, Karås 1999). Grunt vatten i kombination med förhållandevis lång omsättningstid ger upphov till höga vattentemperaturer under vår och försommar vilket främjar fiskynglens tillväxt. Den förhöjda vattentemperaturen i grunda havsvikar anses vara en av två huvudfaktorer till varför de är så viktiga för fiskarnas reproduktion. Den andra huvudfaktorn anses vara bottenvegetation, vars positiva inverkan kan antas bero på flera olika faktorer. Förutom att utgöra leksubstrat och gömsle för fiskyngel finns stora delar av deras föda i anknytning till växtligheten.Normalt så finns en mycket stor mellanårsvariation i rekrytering av många av kustens fiskarter. I synnerhet för abborre är detta väl dokumenterat (Karås 1996, Neuman 1976). I ett ”normalt” tillstånd styrs detta av väder och vind. Ett snabbt temperaturfall orsakat av kraftiga vindar och uppvällning av kallt bottenvatten kan i princip slå ut en hel årskull. En varm och stabil vår och sommar producerar som regel starka årskullar. Detta gör också att mer skyddade och avsnörda miljöer är stabilare, och som regel väldigt viktiga kärnområden för många vårlekande sötvattensarter. Samtidigt kan arealerna av mer exponerade områden vara mångfalt större, och vid gynnsamma förhållanden har de även potential att producera stora mängder yngel. Kustzonens akvatiska miljö har under lång tid påverkats av mänsklig aktivitet som exempelvis övergödning och fysisk exploatering. Flera fiskarter nyttjar också lek- och uppväxtområden i sötvatten. Dessa miljöer är som regel ännu hårdare påverkade genom utdikningar, sjösänkningar, vandringshinder etc. Många kustfiskbestånd har de senaste tiotalet åren lidit av svag rekrytering (Ljunggren m.fl. 2005). Orsakerna är inte helt klarlagda, men antas kunna vara flera. Exempelvis finns sedan lång tid påverkan till följd av utdikningar och vandringshinder i anslutande sötvatten (Ljunggren m.fl. 2011) vilka får återverkningar på kustens ekosystem. Det övergripande mönstret har under senare tid varit att de vanliga arterna som abborre och gädda m.fl. försvunnit från ytterskärgårdar och öppnare kustområden (Ljunggren m.fl. 2005, Eklöf m.fl. 2020). I de värst drabbade kustavsnitten finns endast enstaka lokala bestånd kvar i refuger som inte påverkats, t.ex. i mycket avsnörda vikar, mynningsområden eller inre skärgårdar. Kraftigt ökade mängder av storspigg anses vara den främsta orsaken till de andra arternas svaga rekrytering. När spiggen i stora mängder vandrar in till samma kustområden för lek, kan de vara en betydande predator på rom och nykläckta yngel, men även konkurrera om samma föda (Nilsson 2004, Ljunggren m.fl. 2005, Eklöf m.fl. 2020). Vidare har höga tätheter av storspigg genom s.k. top down-mekanismer i näringskedjan även visats öka mängderna av trådformiga alger (Donadi m.fl. 2017) vilket kan missgynna arter av bottenvegetation och förändra livsmiljön för fisk och bottenfauna.  Denna undersökning är en första ansats att dokumentera rekryteringen av främst gädda och abborre på Gotland. 
  •  
43.
  • Ljunggren, Stefan A, et al. (författare)
  • Altered heart proteome in fructose-fed Fisher 344 rats exposed to bisphenol A
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-483X .- 1879-3185. ; 347-349, s. 6-16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bisphenol A (BPA), is an artificial estrogen initially produced for medical purposes but is today widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Exposure-related reproductive disorders have been found, but recently it has also been suggested that BPA may be involved in obesity, diabetes, myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial infarction in humans. To mimic a modern lifestyle, female rats were fed with fructose or fructose plus BPA (0.25 mg/L drinking water). The myocardial left ventricle proteome of water controls, fructose-fed and fructose-fed plus BPA supplemented rats was explored. The proteome was investigated using nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry identification. In total, 41 proteins were significantly altered by BPA exposure compared to water or fructose controls. Principal component analysis and cellular process enrichment analysis of altered proteins suggested increased fatty acid transport and oxidation, increased ROS generation and altered structural integrity of the myocardial left ventricle in the fructose-fed BPA-exposed rats, indicating unfavorable effects on the myocardium. In conclusion, BPA exposure in the rats induces major alterations in the myocardial proteome.
  •  
44.
  • Ljunggren, Östen, et al. (författare)
  • Dapagliflozin has no effect on markers of bone formation and resorption or bone mineral density in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 14:11, s. 990-999
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims Dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reduces hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by increasing urinary glucose excretion. Owing to its mechanism of action, dapagliflozin could potentially affect the renal tubular transportation of bone minerals. Therefore, markers of bone formation and resorption and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated in patients with T2DM after 50?weeks of dapagliflozin treatment. Methods This international, multi-centre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00855166) enrolled patients with T2DM (women 5575?years and men 3075?years; HbA1c 6.58.5%; BMI?=?25?kg/m2; body weight?=?120?kg) whose T2DM was inadequately controlled on metformin. One hundred and eighty-two patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10?mg/day or placebo added to open-label metformin for a 24-week double-blind treatment period followed by a 78-week site- and patient-blinded extension period. At week 50, serum markers of bone formation (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide; P1NP) and resorption (C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen; CTX), bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by standardized Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements and adverse events of fracture were evaluated as safety objectives. Results One hundred and sixty-five patients (90.7%) completed the first 50 weeks. Compared with placebo, no significant changes from baseline in P1NP, CTX or BMD were identified over 50 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment, with no significant treatment-by-gender interactions. No fractures were reported. Conclusions Dapagliflozin had no effect on markers of bone formation and resorption or BMD after 50 weeks of treatment in both male and post-menopausal female patients whose T2DM was inadequately controlled on metformin.
  •  
45.
  • McNaughton, David T., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Psychology and Extragastrointestinal Symptoms on Health Care Use by Subjects With and Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 18:4, s. 847-852
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: There is controversy about whether psychological factors (anxiety and depression) increase health care seeking by patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We investigated whether psychological factors increase health care seeking by patients with IBS and the effects of extragastrointestinal (extra-GI) symptoms.Methods: We performed a population-based prospective study of health care use over a 12-year period in Sweden. From 2002 through 2006, 1244 subjects were selected randomly for an examination by a gastroenterologist and to complete questionnaires, including the Rome II modular questionnaire. Psychological factors were measured with the valid Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and extra-GI symptoms were measured with a symptom checklist. Responses from 1159 subjects (57% female; mean age, 48.65 y) were matched with health records in 2016 (164 were classified as having IBS based on Rome II criteria).Results: The overall association between depression or anxiety and health care use varied in subjects with and without IBS at baseline. The presence of extra-GI symptoms strengthened the relationship between anxiety and depression and prospective psychiatric visits for subjects with IBS and without IBS (incidence rate ratio, 1.14-1.26). Extra-GI symptoms did not alter the association of anxiety or depression with use of GI or extra-GI health care.Conclusions: In a population-based study in Sweden, we found that individuals with high baseline anxiety or depression were more likely to seek psychiatric health care, but not GI or extra-GI health care, in the presence of extra-GI symptoms at baseline. Patients with IBS might benefit from more thorough assessments that examine extra-GI and psychological symptoms, to reduce health care utilization.
  •  
46.
  • McNaughton, David T., et al. (författare)
  • Limited evidence of moderation of the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and prospective healthcare utilisation by quality of life
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 55:3, s. 311-317
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: An individual’s drive to seek medical help remains a complex behavioural process, incorporating psychological, social and symptom-specific factors. Within irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastrointestinal symptoms only predict a small portion of the high healthcare-seeking experienced.Aim: To examine the moderating role of quality of life (QoL) domains on this relationship to help explain the variance observed.Methods: This is an analysis of a Swedish population-based prospective study of healthcare use over a 12-year period. At baseline, gastrointestinal symptoms were measured with the valid Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and QoL via the SF-36. 1159 subjects (57% female; mean age 48.6 years) had their health records matched with the initial survey. 164 were classified as IBS by Rome II criteria. Negative binomial or logistic models were fit to evaluate the moderating effect of particular QoL domains on the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and prospective healthcare utilisation.Results: Gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with prospective healthcare use, but moderation in this relationship by particular QoL domains was not supported; most models did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, the impact of IBS status did not alter the moderation hypotheses.Conclusions: Particular QoL domains did not impact the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms on prospective healthcare seeking. Future research should continue to examine other psychological, social and symptom variables to identify predictors of high healthcare consumers in IBS.
  •  
47.
  • Mirza, Majd, et al. (författare)
  • Circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 is associated with fat mass and dyslipidemia in two independent cohorts of elderly individuals
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 31:1, s. 219-227
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective—Disturbances in mineral metabolism define an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a circulating regulator of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and has recently been implicated as a putative pathogenic factor in cardiovascular disease. Because other members of the FGF family play a role in lipid and glucose metabolism, we hypothesized that FGF23 would associate with metabolic factors that predispose to an increased cardiovascular risk. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between FGF23 and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in the community.Methods and Results—Relationships between serum FGF23 and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, serum lipids, and fat mass were examined in 2 community-based, cross-sectional cohorts of elderly whites (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study: 964 men aged 75±3.2; Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study: 946 men and women aged 70). In both cohorts, FGF23 associated negatively with high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A1 (7% to 21% decrease per 1-SD increase in log FGF23; P<0.01) and positively with triglycerides (11% to 14% per 1-SD increase in log FGF23; P<0.01). A 1-SD increase in log FGF23 was associated with a 7% to 20% increase in BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio and a 7% to 18% increase in trunk and total body fat mass (P<0.01) as determined by whole-body dual x-ray absorptiometry. FGF23 levels were higher in subjects with the metabolic syndrome compared with those without (46.4 versus 41.2 pg/mL; P<0.05) and associated with an increased risk of having the metabolic syndrome (OR per 1-SD increase in log FGF23, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.40; P<0.05).Conclusion—We report for the first time on associations between circulating FGF23, fat mass, and adverse lipid metabolism resembling the metabolic syndrome, potentially representing a novel pathway(s) linking high FGF23 to an increased cardiovascular risk.
  •  
48.
  • Nilsson, J. Lars G., et al. (författare)
  • Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor Inhibitors
  • 1972
  • Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 202:DEC8, s. 286-296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
49.
  • Ohlsson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Increased level of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA due to a single bout of strenuous physical exercise
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 120, s. 897-905
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose Physical exercise is reported to affect the immune response in various ways. Thus, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the abundance of circulating leukocytes are changed. In this study, the occurence of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) was investigated in connection with a single bout of strenuous physical exercise. Methods Healthy volunteers performed a controlled ergo-spirometry cycle test and venous blood samples were taken at different time-points to analyze the concentration of blood components before, during and after the test. The number of circulating leukocytes was measured, as well as secretion of the soluble urokinase activator receptor (suPAR). Results Cf-mtDNA significantly increased during exercise, compared to baseline values and after 30 and 90 min of rest. Circulating leukocytes increased during exercise, but returned to baseline levels afterwards. Surface expression of the urokinase plasminogen activating receptor (uPAR) on neutrophils decreased significantly during exercise. The concentration of suPAR tended to increase during exercise but only significantly after 90 min of rest. Conclusion Increased concentration of cf-mtDNA indicates that cell damage takes place during high intensity training. Hypoxia and tissue damage are likely causes of cf-mtDNA from muscle cells. The levels of cf-mtDNA remain high during the initial rest, due to the decreasing numbers of leukocytes normally clearing the plasma from cf-mtDNA. The increased levels of suPAR further emphasize that strenuous physical exercise causes a reaction similar to inflammation. Further studies are needed to detect the source of increased cf-mtDNA and the corresponding increase of suPAR liberation.
  •  
50.
  • Ohlsson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Leaky gut biomarkers in depression and suicidal behavior
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 139:2, s. 185-193
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Inflammation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior. According to the ‘leaky gut hypothesis’, increased intestinal permeability may contribute to this relationship via bacterial translocation across enterocytes. We measured plasma levels of gut permeability markers, in patients with a recent suicide attempt (rSA), MDD subjects with no history of a suicide attempt (nsMDD), and healthy controls (HC), and related these markers to symptom severity and inflammation. Method: We enrolled rSA (n = 54), nsMDD (n = 13), and HC (n = 17). Zonulin, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), soluble CD14, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified in plasma. Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS) were used for symptom assessments. Results: The rSA group displayed higher I-FABP and lower zonulin levels compared with both the nsMDD and the HC groups (all P < 0.001). IL-6 correlated positively with I-FABP (r = 0.24, P < 0.05) and negatively with zonulin (r = −0.25, P < 0.05). In all subjects, I-FABP levels correlated positively with MADRS (r = 0.25, P < 0.05) and SUAS scores (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), and the latter correlation was significant also in the nsMDD group (r = 0.60, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ‘leaky gut hypothesis’ may improve our understanding of the link between inflammation and suicidal behavior. These findings should be considered preliminary until replicated in larger cohorts.
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