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- Juul, FE, et al.
(författare)
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Rates of repeated colonoscopies to clean the colon from low-risk and high-risk adenomas: results from the EPoS trials
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 72:5, s. 951-957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-quality colonoscopy (adequate bowel preparation, whole-colon visualisation and removal of all neoplastic polyps) is a prerequisite to start polyp surveillance, and is ideally achieved in one colonoscopy. In a large multinational polyp surveillance trial, we aimed to investigate clinical practice variation in number of colonoscopies needed to enrol patients with low-risk and high-risk adenomas in polyp surveillance.DesignWe retrieved data of all patients with low-risk adenomas (one or two tubular adenomas <10 mm with low-grade dysplasia) and high-risk adenomas (3–10 adenomas, ≥1 adenoma ≥10 mm, high-grade dysplasia or villous components) in the European Polyp Surveillance trials fulfilling certain logistic and methodologic criteria. We analysed variations in number of colonoscopies needed to achieve high-quality colonoscopy and enter polyp surveillance by endoscopy centre, and by endoscopists who enrolled ≥30 patients.ResultsThe study comprised 15 581 patients from 38 endoscopy centres in five European countries; 6794 patients had low-risk and 8787 had high-risk adenomas. 961 patients (6.2%, 95% CI 5.8% to 6.6%) underwent two or more colonoscopies before surveillance began; 101 (1.5%, 95% CI 1.2% to 1.8%) in the low-risk group and 860 (9.8%, 95% CI 9.2% to 10.4%) in the high-risk group. Main reasons were poor bowel preparation (21.3%) or incomplete colonoscopy/polypectomy (14.4%) or planned second procedure (27.8%). Need of repeat colonoscopy varied between study centres ranging from 0% to 11.8% in low-risk adenoma patients and from 0% to 63.9% in high-risk adenoma patients. On the second colonoscopy, the two most common reasons for a repeat (third) colonoscopy were piecemeal resection (26.5%) and unspecified reason (23.9%).ConclusionThere is considerable practice variation in the number of colonoscopies performed to achieve complete polyp removal, indicating need for targeted quality improvement to reduce patient burden.Trial registration numberNCT02319928.
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- Adami, HO, et al.
(författare)
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Are rapidly growing cancers more lethal?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 72, s. 210-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Holme, O, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting surveillance schemes for cancer survivors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041. ; 30:6, s. 881-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Juul, FE, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 50:1, s. 38-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Norway and Sweden are similar countries in terms of socioeconomics and health care. Norway implemented extensive COVID-19 measures, such as school closures and lockdowns, whereas Sweden did not. Aims: To compare mortality in Norway and Sweden, two similar countries with very different mitigation measures against COVID-19. Methods: Using real-world data from national registries, we compared all-cause and COVID-19-related mortality rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 100,000 person-weeks and mortality rate ratios (MRR) comparing the five preceding years (2015–2019) with the pandemic year (2020) in Norway and Sweden. Results: In Norway, all-cause mortality was stable from 2015 to 2019 (mortality rate 14.6–15.1 per 100,000 person-weeks; mean mortality rate 14.9) and was lower in 2020 than from 2015 to 2019 (mortality rate 14.4; MRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96–0.98). In Sweden, all-cause mortality was stable from 2015 to 2018 (mortality rate 17.0–17.8; mean mortality rate 17.1) and similar to that in 2020 (mortality rate 17.6), but lower in 2019 (mortality rate 16.2). Compared with the years 2015–2019, all-cause mortality in the pandemic year was 3% higher due to the lower rate in 2019 (MRR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.04). Excess mortality was confined to people aged ⩾70 years in Sweden compared with previous years. The COVID-19-associated mortality rates per 100,000 person-weeks during the first wave of the pandemic were 0.3 in Norway and 2.9 in Sweden. Conclusions: All-cause mortality in 2020 decreased in Norway and increased in Sweden compared with previous years. The observed excess deaths in Sweden during the pandemic may, in part, be explained by mortality displacement due to the low all-cause mortality in the previous year.
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- Loberg, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial characteristics differentiate non-distressing and distressing voices in 10,346 adolescents
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 28:10, s. 1353-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents hearing non-existent voices may be at risk for psychosis, but the prevalence of voice-hearing (VH) in the general population complicates clinical interpretations. Differentiating between VH with and without distress may aid treatment decisions in psychosis services, but understanding the differences between these two phenomena as they present in the normal adolescent population is necessary to validate this differentiation. The present study compared VH with and without distress in 10,346 adolescents in relation to clinical characteristics, known risk factors, predictors and psychosocial moderators of psychosis. A population-based cohort of Norwegian 16-19 years old adolescents completed a comprehensive web-based questionnaire, including two questions from the extended Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale: (1) I often hear a voice speaking my thoughts aloud and (2) I have been troubled by hearing voices in my head. Adolescents reporting no VH, non-distressing VH or distressing VH were compared on 14 psychosocial and clinical variables. A multinomial regression model showed that non-disturbing voices were predicted by better school grades, social dysfunction, distractibility, affective symptoms and experience of trauma, while the disturbing voices were predicted by the experience of bullying and trauma, perceived negative self-worth and self-efficacy, less family support, dysregulation of activation, distractibility, self-harm and anxiety. Hearing voices without distress versus being distressed by the voices is related to different constellations of psychosocial variables, suggesting that they represent two separate groups of adolescents. The findings validate the emphasis on distress in clinical practice.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Britt M., et al.
(författare)
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Electrical transport in dense, bulk YBa2Cu4O8 produced by hot isostatic pressing
- 1990
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Ingår i: Physica B Volumes 165 & 166, Part 2. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; , s. 1699-1700
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense (98.5%) bulk sintered specimens of YBa2Cu4O8 have been produced by hot isostatic pressing. Data for the electrical resistivity π versus temperature T and pressure p in the range 70–300 K and 0–0.7 GPa are reported and discussed. The critical current density of the material studied exceeds 100 Acm−2 below 60 K.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Britt M., et al.
(författare)
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Electrical transport properties of dense bulk YBa2Cu4O8 produced by hot isostatic pressing
- 1990
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Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 170:5-6, s. 521-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly dense sintered YBa2Cu4O8 has been produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The electrical resistivity varrho of this material has been measured as a function of temperature T and pressure varrho in the range 40–650 K and 0–0.7 GPa. Both the temperature dependence and the pressure dependence of varrho are found to be well described by a model based on the standard Bloch-Grüneisen theory. It is pointed out that varrho is liner in T only under isobaric conditions, while varrho is strongly nonlinear in all high-Tc superconductors under isochoric (constant volume) conditions. The critical current density of the material is 900 A/cm2 at 4 K, while the resistivity is 630 μΩ cm at 294 K.
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| 36. |
- Andersson, Britt M., et al.
(författare)
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High-pressure properties of high-Tc superconductor samples produced by hot isostatic pressing
- 1990
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Ingår i: High Pressure Research, volumes 3 to 5. - London : Gordon and Breach. - 2881247466 ; 3:1-6, s. 123-125
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrical resistance of dense YBa2Cu3Ox and YBa2Cu4Oy produced by hot isostatic pressing has been measured vs. T and p. At 295 K we find d (ln R)/dp ≃ -0.12 and -0.09 GPa-1, respectively, with no systematic dependence on initial density. For 1-2-4, dTC/dp ≃ 5.1 K/GPa, which is ten times that of 1-2-3.
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Britt M., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal conductivity of polycrystalline YBa2Cu4O8
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 49:6, s. 4189-4198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the thermal conductivity κ and the thermal diffusivity a of a dense bulk ceramic polycrystalline sample of YBa2Cu4O8 (1:2:4) in the temperature range 30–300 K. We find κ≊10 W m-1 K-1 at 100 K, significantly higher than in ceramic YBa2Cu3O7-δ (1:2:3) and approaching the in-plane value for single-crystal 1:2:3, and decreasing to 7.6 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K. The data for this sample can be described by standard theories for phonon thermal conductivity of crystalline materials with boundary, phonon, and electron scattering. The higher κ in 1:2:4 as compared to 1:2:3 is, in this model, due to the smaller point defect scattering in the former. The fitted parameters for the three scattering mechanisms all agree with independent estimates based on simple models; inserting data for electric resistivity, grain size, carrier density, and lattice properties we can predict κ and its T dependence to within about 20%. We also discuss models for the phonon and electron thermal conductivities in some detail, including some second-order effects such as inelastic electron scattering and a T-dependent carrier density.
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| 39. |
- Dou, S.X., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and flux pinning in superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wires
- 1990
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Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 172:1-2, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The critical current density (Jc) of Ag-clad Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wire has been measured to be 1.2×104 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero field. The high Jc is attributed to a combination of elimination of the poisoning effect of Ag on superconductivity, grain alignment, and enhancement of flux pinning. Jc-H dependence was significantly improved in the Ag-clad tape, which has a Jc of 1.0×103 A /cm2 at 77 K and 4000 Oe, while the Jc of the sintered pellet drops two orders of magnitude at only 100 Oe. A pronounced anisotropy in Jc under high magnetic field is attributed to the grain alignment. Planar defects, such as heavy stacking faults parallel to the a-b plane in the rolled tape, are considered to be effective pinning centres.
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| 41. |
- Kisten, Y, et al.
(författare)
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TENOSYNOVITIS, SYNOVIAL HYPERTROPHY AND FEET BURSITIS ARE USEFUL ULTRASOUND BIOMARKERS FOR PREDICTING ARTHRITIS DEVELOPMENT IN A POPULATION AT-RISK FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- 2021
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 80, s. 87-87
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) evaluation of individuals at risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) having Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody (ACPA) positivity and musculoskeletal complaints, may play an important role in the very early detection of RA.Objectives:We aimed to identify which ultrasound markers could predict arthritis development.Methods:Individuals with musculoskeletal complaints with a positive anti-CCP2 test were referred to the rheumatology department for a detailed clinical (68 joint count) and MSUS examination of the hands, feet and any symptomatic joints. Only those without clinical and/or MSUS detected arthritis were included in the RISK RA prospective cohort and followed-up over 3 years/ or until arthritis onset. Using EULAR-OMERACT guidelines1, MSUS markers for synovial hypertrophy (SH) and hyperemia (Doppler activity) were documented for each visit. Finger and wrist tendons were screened for any signs of tenosynovitis (TS), and between metatarsal joints for bursitis. Association of MSUS biomarkers with arthritis development was tested (comparing proportions) using Chi-Squared or Fisher’s exact tests.Results:288 individuals were included from January 2014 to October 2019 (79% female, 35% RF positive, median age 48 years: IQR: 36-58). Within a median of 38 months (IQR: 1-72) since recruitment, 84 individuals (28%) developed an arthritis diagnosis.Prior to obtaining any diagnosis (at inclusion and/or follow-up visit), 95 of the 288 individuals (33%) had at least one type of MSUS anatomical modification present (around the tendons, joint synovium and/or within bursal cavities), and 56% (53/95) of these individuals eventually developed arthritis. Of the remaining 193 that did not present with any obvious MSUS changes, 16% progressed towards arthritis development.The presence of tenosynovitis was detected in 64 of 288 individuals scanned prior to diagnosis and were more frequent in those developing arthritis (44%, 37/84) as compared to those with TS not developing arthritis (13%, 27/204), p<0.0001. The extensor carpi ulnaris wrist tendons were mostly involved. Sonographic changes within the synovium were noted in 11% (32/288) of all individuals, mostly affecting the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. There was a higher incidence of synovial hypertrophy detected in those developing arthritis (22%, 18/24), as compared to those that remained arthritis free (7%, 14/204), p<0.0001. The MCP joints with synovial hypertrophy were more prone to arthritis development as compared to the MTP’s. Furthermore, we observed a higher frequency of bursitis between the MTP joints in individuals developing arthritis, as compared to individuals having a bursitis who did not develop arthritis (13%, 11/84 versus 7%, 14/204, p=0.009).Conclusion:Ultrasound biomarkers such as tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris, synovial hypertrophy of the MCP joints and feet bursitis have good potential to predict arthritis development in a population at-risk for rheumatoid arthritis.References:[1]Maria-Antonietta D’Agostino et al. RMD Open 2017;3:e 000428Acknowledgements:All study participants and patients, including researchers that are part of the multidisciplinary laboratory, clinical and academic teams of the RISK RA study group, as well as all assisting this research in one form or the other are greatly acknowledged.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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| 42. |
- Larker, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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AEM investigation of ceramic/incology 909 diffusional reactions after joining by HIP
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 29:16, s. 4404-4414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusion bonding by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was performed between Incoloy 909 and five different ceramics. Two of the ceramics were composites made from powder mixtures of Si3N4 and either 60 vol% TiN or 50 vol% TiB2, while three were monolithic materials, namely Si3N4 with 2.5 wt% Y2O3 as a sintering additive, Si3N4 without additives, and Si2 N2O without additives. A diffusion couple geometry was developed to facilitate the preparation of thin-foil specimens for examination by analytical electron microscopy (AEM). Diffusion bonding was performed by HIP at 927°C (1200K) and 200 MPa for 4 h. The formation of reaction layers was very limited, being less than 1 μm in total layer thickness. Two reaction products were found by AEM; a continuous, very thin, (≤100 nm) layer of fine TiN crystals at the initial ceramic/metal interface, and larger grains extending about 100–500 nm into the superalloy and forming a semi-continuous layer of a G-phase suicide containing mainly nickel, silicon and niobium.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Niska, John, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of the 124 phase superconductor (YBa2Cu4O8) by retaining oxygen in a reaction HIP sintering process
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science letters. - 0261-8028 .- 1573-4811. ; 9:7, s. 770-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ceramic superconductor YBa2Cu4O8 has been produced by high temperature sintering of a mixture of CuO and YBa2Cu3O7 in a glass capsule under high hydrostatic argon pressure. The resulting highly dense material is investigated by X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, resistance measurements and hardness measurements, and shown to be a homogeneous High transition temperature superconductor.
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| 45. |
- Tehrani, Sara S.M., et al.
(författare)
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Iodine K-edge imaging in photon counting CT through multiple two-basis decompositions and deep learning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2024: Physics of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One advantage of photon-counting CT compared to dual-energy CT is the possibility to perform K-edge imaging, where contrast agents such as iodine can be distinguished from other substances based on spectral characteristics. However, for iodine K-edge imaging in clinical CT, the three-basis decomposition problem is ill-conditioned due to the low K-edge energy of iodine, meaning that the decomposition is highly sensitive to both noise and miscalibrations. This makes robust three-basis decomposition difficult using standard techniques. In this simulation study we evaluate a novel method of performing K-edge imaging, which circumvents the challenging three-basis decomposition step by replacing it with multiple two-basis decompositions followed by a deep convolutional neural network to generate three basis images. Based on the XCAT phantom, we generated 1224 spectral phantom image slices of the neck, with iodine-filled blood vessels and calcifications, and simulated CT imaging in CatSim with a silicon-based detector model without quantum noise, i.e. in the high-dose limit. For each simulated slice, we used maximum likelihood to perform three two-basis decompositions, into PE-PVC, PE-iodine, and PVC-iodine, yielding six basis images in total. We then trained a U-Net to map these six input images to the ground-truth basis images, PE, PVC and iodine. Our results show that the proposed method can reproduce PE, PVC and iodine basis images with high accuracy, in the high-dose limit. This suggests that the proposed three-basis decomposition method may be a feasible way of performing K-edge CT imaging with iodine, with important potential implications for imaging of the carotid arteries.
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