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- Loden, M, et al.
(författare)
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A double-blind study comparing the effect of glycerin and urea on dry, eczematous skin in atopic patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 82:1, s. 45-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moisturizing creams have beneficial effects in the treatment of dry, scaly skin, but they may induce adverse skin reactions. In a randomized double-blind study, 197 patients with atopic dermatitis were treated with one of the following: a new moisturizing cream with 20% glycerin, its cream base without glycerin as placebo, or a cream with 4% urea and 4% sodium chloride. The patients were asked to apply the cream at least once daily for 30 days. Adverse skin reactions and changes in skin dryness were assessed by the patient and a dermatologist. Adverse skin reactions such as smarting (a sharp local superficial sensation) were felt significantly less among patients using the 20% glycerin cream compared with the urea-saline cream, because 10% of the patients judged the smarting as severe or moderate when using glycerin cream, whereas 24% did so using urea-saline cream (p
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| 8. |
- Lodén, M, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumental and dermatologist evaluation of the effect of glycerine and urea on dry skin in atopic dermatitis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 7:4, s. 209-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aims: Moisturising creams are useful treatment adjuncts in inflammatory dermatoses and have beneficial effects in the treatment of dry, scaly skin. The effects on dryness and skin permeability of a new moisturising cream with 20% glycerine was compared with its placebo and with a medicinally authorised cream with 4% urea (combined with 4% sodium chloride) in the treatment of dry skin. Methods: Patients (n=109) with atopic dermatitis were treated for 30 days with a moisturiser in a randomised, parallel and double-blind fashion. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance were assessed instrumentally, and changes in the dryness of the skin were assessed by the dermatologist. Results: No difference in TEWL was found between glycerine treatment and its placebo, whereas a lower value was found in the urea-treated area compared to the glycerine-treated area. No difference in skin capacitance was found. The clinical assessment of dryness showed urea to be superior to glycerine in treating the condition. Conclusions: Moisturising creams are different, not only with respect to composition but also with respect to their influence on skin as a barrier to water in patients with atopic dermatitis.
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| 9. |
- Lodén, M., et al.
(författare)
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Sunscreen use : controversies, challenges and regulatory aspects
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 165:2, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mismatches between skin pigmentation and modern lifestyle continue to challenge our naked skin. One of our responses to these challenges is the development and use of sunscreens. The management of sunscreens has to balance their protective effect against erythema, photocarcinogenesis and photoageing owing to the potential toxicity of the ultraviolet (UV) filters for humans and the environment. The protection against UV radiation offered by sunscreens was recently standardized in the European Union (EU) based on international harmonization of measurement techniques. Four different categories of sun protection have been implemented along with recommendations on how to use sunscreen products in order to obtain the labelled protection. The UV filters in sunscreens have long been authorized for use by the EU authority on the basis of data from studies on acute toxicity, subchronic and chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, photogenotoxicity, carcinogenicity, irritation, sensitization, phototoxicity and photosensitization as well as on environmental aspects. New challenges with respect to the safety of UV filters have arisen from the banning of animal experiments for the development of cosmetics. Future debates on sunscreens are likely to focus on nanoparticles and environmental issues, along with motivation campaigns to persuade consumers to protect their skin. However, more efficient sunscreen use will also continue to raise questions on the benefit in preventing vitamin D synthesis in the skin induced by sunlight.
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| 13. |
- Wirén, K, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with a barrier-strengthening moisturizing cream delays relapse of atopic dermatitis : a prospective and randomized controlled clinical trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 23:11, s. 1267-1272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Standard treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on topical glucocorticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors to treat flares combined with moisturizer treatment to alleviate dry skin symptoms. Patients with AD have an abnormal skin barrier function, and strategies for reducing the risks for eczema would be to repair the barrier or prevent barrier dysfunction. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the time to relapse of eczema during a 26-week maintenance treatment with a urea containing moisturizer compared to no treatment (neither medical nor non-medicated preparations) after successful clearing of atopic lesions. The moisturizer has previously been shown to improve skin barrier function. Methods: Patients applied betamethasone valerate (0.1%) on eczematous lesions during a 3-week period. Those with cleared eczema entered a 26-week maintenance phase, applying the moisturizer or left the previously affected area untreated. Upon eczema relapse, patients were instructed to contact the clinic and to have the relapse confirmed by the investigator. Results: Fifty-five patients entered the study and 44 patients were included in the maintenance phase (22 using moisturizer twice daily and 22 using no treatment). Median time to relapse for patients treated with moisturizer was > 180 days (duration of the study) compared with 30 days for the no-treatment group. Sixty-eight per cent of the patients treated with the moisturizer and 32% of the untreated patients remained free from eczema during the observation period. Conclusions: Maintenance treatment with a barrier-improving urea moisturizer on previous eczematous areas reduced the risk of relapse to approximately one third of that of no treatment.
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| 14. |
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A Beginner's Guide to Swedish Academia
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As new to the Swedish research system, one is faced with a series of questions, about what applies to qualifications, what the networks look like, but also practical issues. To make things easier, YAS has developed a guide for international researchers, to help navigate Swedish academia and remove time-consuming obstacles.
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| 15. |
- Jacobsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide ion channel toxins from the bootlace worm, the longest animal on Earth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polypeptides from animal venoms have found important uses as drugs, pharmacological tools, and within biotechnological and agricultural applications. We here report a novel family of cystine knot peptides from nemertean worms, with potent activity on voltage-gated sodium channels. These toxins, named the alpha-nemertides, were discovered in the epidermal mucus of Lineus longissimus, the 'bootlace worm' known as the longest animal on earth. The most abundant peptide, the 31-residue long alpha-1, was isolated, synthesized, and its 3D NMR structure determined. Transcriptome analysis including 17 species revealed eight alpha-nemertides, mainly distributed in the genus Lineus. alpha-1 caused paralysis and death in green crabs (Carcinus maenas) at 1 mu g/kg (similar to 300 pmol/kg). It showed profound effect on invertebrate voltage-gated sodium channels (e.g. Blattella germanica Na(v)1) at low nanomolar concentrations. Strong selectivity for insect over human sodium channels indicates that a-nemertides can be promising candidates for development of bioinsecticidal agents.
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| 18. |
- Loden, M, et al.
(författare)
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C-erbB2, p27 and G1/S aberrations in human primary breast cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 23:3A, s. 2053-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: C-erbB2 is overexpressed in approximately one-fourth of human breast cancers. In spite of numerous reports suggesting a connection of c-erbB2 overexpression with cell cycle regulation through p27, D cyclins and c-myc. the relationship between c-erbB2 and proliferation through de-regulation of the pRb pathway in primaty breast cancer has not been fully clarified. Materials and Methods: For this purpose we compared the expression of c-erbB2 in a total of 10.5 primary breast tumours with a variety of cell cycle proteins and clinical parameters. Results: GerbB2 was strongly con-elated with down-regulation of p27 and overexpression of c-erbB2 was', as expected, associated with poor survival. However, there was no correlation with proliferation. There was, nevertheless, an association between c-erbB2 and proliferation in certain subtypes of breast cancer, as in oestrogen-receptor-positive e tumours, tumours with high cyclin D1 and in tumours with an overall linear pRb pathway, i.e. tumours with a preserved linearity between cyclin D1, pRb phosphorylation and proliferation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that c-erbB2 may have alternative functions in different subtypes of breast cancer, and further stress that c-erbB2, in addition to promoting proliferation, also functions through other mechanisms in breast cancer.
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| 19. |
- Loden, M, et al.
(författare)
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The cyclin D1 high and cyclin E high subgroups of breast cancer: separate pathways in tumorogenesis based on pattern of genetic aberrations and inactivation of the pRb node
- 2002
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5594 .- 0950-9232. ; 21:30, s. 4680-4690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an attempt to identify subtypes of breast cancer and pinpoint patterns of cell cycle regulatory defects associated with clinical behaviour, proliferation and other transformation associated events, a multitude of cell cycle regulatory proteins were analysed in a material of 113 primary breast cancers. Increased proliferation was observed in two different scenarios; (1) with high cyclin D1 and elevated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation, (cyclin D1(high) tumours) or (2) with high cyclin E protein but low cyclin D1 and lack of corresponding pRb phosphorylation (cyclin E high tumours) indicative of an interrupted pRb pathway. Characteristic for cyclin E-high tumours were further defects in p53, p27 and bcl-2, while c-erbB2 overexpression and c-myc amplification was found in both cyclin D1(high) and E-high tumours. Using transfected cell lines overexpressing cyclin E, cyclin E-high and D1(high) tumours were mimicked and the cyclin D1(high) cell line normalized the cyclin E kinase activity by an induction and redirection of p21 and p27 to the cyclin E complex whereas cyclin E-high cell lines obtained increased kinase activity with out redirection or inhibitors. Based on differences in genetic aberrations as well as function of the pRb node we therefore propose a model in which cyclin D1(high) and cyclin E-high tumours represent two alternative mechanisms to inactivate the pRb pathway and thereby achieve unrestrained growth in the tumorogenesis of breast cancer.
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| 23. |
- Sahlin, A., et al.
(författare)
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A double-blind and controlled study on the influence of the vehicle on the skin susceptibility to stinging from lactic acid
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cosmetic Science. - : Wiley. - 0142-5463 .- 1468-2494. ; 29:5, s. 385-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For patients with skin diseases, the process of treating the skin with topical medications adds to the burden of having the disease. Inconvenient skin reactions can make the treatment troublesome and lower the compliance. Moreover, epidemiological surveys indicate that 50% or more of female consumers believe they have sensitive skin. In the present study, the influence of the vehicle on the adverse skin reaction to lactic acid was judged by the test subjects after application of the test formulations to the facial skin. The results showed a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion to induce less stinging than an ordinary oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. Increasing the mineral oil content in the o/w emulsion from 10% to 50% tended (P = 0.077) to decrease the stinging potential of the formulation. An o/w emulsion free from lactic acid but with pH adjusted to 3 using hydrochloric acid induced significantly less stinging than the corresponding lactic acid formulation at pH 3. In conclusion, the present study gives new insights into the influence of vehicle on the stinging capacity of lactic acid, which may be related to its possible penetration via appendages. Hence, encapsulation of the stinging substances in the inner water phase of an emulsion may be a possible option to reduce adverse skin reactions and to increase compliance to water-soluble substances.
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| 24. |
- Wiren, K, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of bioavailability by lowering of fat content in topical formulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 160:3, s. 552-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cosmetic properties of topical formulations are important parameters for the adherence to treatment, where modern oil-in-water emulsions are considered more acceptable compared with ointments. After application of an emulsion to the skin, the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation residue on the skin will increase, due to evaporation of volatile ingredients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of changes in vehicle fatty content on the skin penetration of two active ingredients: benzyl nicotinate (BN) and betamethasone valerate (BV). Formulations containing 0.5% BN and 0.3% BV in vehicles with different lipid content (10-80%) were applied in a randomized and double-blind manner to the forearm of healthy volunteers. The changes in skin colour (erythema and blanching) were then monitored visually and with a new noninvasive instrument. The BN formulation containing 10% fat induced erythema more rapidly and with higher intensity than the formulations with higher fat content. Increased efficacy was also observed from the low-fat content formulation of BV, which gave more blanching than the formulations with high fat content. The rate of penetration of the active ingredients was inversely related to the lipid content, i.e. simple changes of the cosmetic properties by modifications of the lipid content may affect the efficacy of a formulation.
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