| 1. |
- Varela, AR, et al.
(författare)
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Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-5474 .- 1543-3080. ; 20:2, s. 112-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hernández‑Morcillo, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Scanning the solutions for the sustainable supply of forest ecosystem services in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4057 .- 1862-4065. ; 17:5, s. 2013-2029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests are key components of European multifunctional landscapes and supply numerous forest ecosystem services (FES) fundamental to human well-being. The sustainable provision of FES has the potential to provide responses to major societal challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, or rural development. To identify suitable strategies for the future sustenance of FES, we performed a solution scanning exercise with a group of transdisciplinary forest and FES experts from diferent European regions. We identifed and prioritized ffteen major challenges hindering the balanced provision of multiple FES and identifed a series of potential solutions to tackle each of them. The most prominent challenges referred to the increased frequency and impacts of extreme weather events and the normative mindset regarding forest management. The respective solutions pointed to the promotion of forest resilience via climate-smart forestry and mainstreaming FES-orientedmanagement through a threefold strategy focusing on education, awareness raising, and networking. In a subsequent survey,most solutions were assessed as highly efective, transferable, monitorable, and with potential for being economically efcient. The implementation of the solutions could have synergistic efects when applying the notion of leverage points. Sevenemerging pathways towards the sustainable supply of FES have been identifed. These pathways build on each other and areorganized based on their potential for transformation: (1) shifting forest management paradigms towards pluralistic ecosystem valuation; (2) using integrated landscape approaches; (3) increasing forest resilience; (4) coordinating actions betweenforest-related actors; (5) increasing participation in forest planning and management; (6) continuous, open, and transparentknowledge integration; and (7) using incentive-based instruments to support regulating and cultural FES. These pathwayscan contribute to the implementation of the new EU Forestry Strategy to support the balanced supply of multiple FES.
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| 4. |
- Lovric, Alen, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of different fat depots in NAFLD using inflammation-associated proteome, lipidome and metabolome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, accompanied with excessive fat accumulation in the liver and other vital organs. Ectopic fat accumulation was previously associated with negative effects at the systemic and local level in the human body. Thus, we aimed to identify and assess the predictive capability of novel potential metabolic biomarkers for ectopic fat depots in non-diabetic men with NAFLD, using the inflammation-associated proteome, lipidome and metabolome. Myocardial and hepatic triglycerides were measured with magnetic spectroscopy while function of left ventricle, pericardial and epicardial fat, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Measured ectopic fat depots were profiled and predicted using a Random Forest algorithm, and by estimating the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. We have identified distinct metabolic signatures of fat depots in the liver (TAG50:1, glutamate, diSM18:0 and CE20:3), pericardium (N-palmitoyl-sphinganine, HGF, diSM18:0, glutamate, and TNFSF14), epicardium (sphingomyelin, CE20:3, PC38:3 and TNFSF14), and myocardium (CE20:3, LAPTGF-beta 1, glutamate and glucose). Our analyses highlighted non-invasive biomarkers that accurately predict ectopic fat depots, and reflect their distinct metabolic signatures in subjects with NAFLD.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lovric, A, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell sequencing deconvolutes cellular responses to exercise in human skeletal muscle
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1, s. 1121-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise have been associated with a range of health-related benefits, but cell type-specific adaptations within the muscle are incompletely understood. Here we use single-cell sequencing to determine the effects of exercise on cellular composition and cell type-specific processes in human skeletal muscle before and after intense exercise. Fifteen clusters originating from six different cell populations were identified. Most cell populations remained quantitatively stable after exercise, but a large transcriptional response was observed in mesenchymal, endothelial, and myogenic cells, suggesting that these cells are specifically involved in skeletal muscle remodeling. We found three subpopulations of myogenic cells characterized by different maturation stages based on the expression of markers such asPAX7,MYOD1,TNNI1, andTNNI2. Exercise accelerated the trajectory of myogenic progenitor cells towards maturation by increasing the transcriptional features of fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers. The transcriptional regulation of these contractile elements upon differentiation was validated in vitro on primary myoblast cells. The cell type-specific adaptive mechanisms induced by exercise presented here contribute to the understanding of the skeletal muscle adaptations triggered by physical activity and may ultimately have implications for physiological and pathological processes affecting skeletal muscle, such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and glucose homeostasis.
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| 7. |
- Adey, E.A., et al.
(författare)
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Corporate social responsibility within the mining industry : case studies from across Europe and Russia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Aachen International Mining Symposia (AIMS). - Aachen : Aachen University. ; , s. 153-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responsible mining requires a company to engage with local communities throughout all stages of their operations, from exploration phases through to post mining planning. Assessment of current and potential future social impacts allows a company to maximize the positive impacts they can have on a community, whilst minimizing negative social impacts from mining. Initiating and upholding effective stakeholder relations are key to a company`s ability to obtain and maintain their "social license" to operate. The level of interaction between mining companies and stakeholders, including local communities, varies substantially between and within countries. As part of the EU funded Framework 7 "ImpactMin" Project (Impact Monitoring of Mineral Resources Exploitation), we have examined the level of community engagement in mining and related processing industries at sites across Europe, including Romania (Rosia Montana), Sweden (Kristineberg), the UK (Cornwall), Bosnia Herzegovina (Vihovici) and Russia (Karabash, Gay and Mednogorsk). These sites reflect different stages in mining and therefore reveal a diverse range of issues and differing levels of community engagement. Our aim has been to focus not only on how practice varies, but also to try to explain the complex reasons behind the relationships that exist between mining companies and different stakeholders. Findings of questionnaires undertaken across the sites (between June - October 2010), and results of interviews and focus groups of different people linked to the mining industry, will also be discussed. The expectations that "mining" communities have of their local mining company vary substantially, directly relating to what the community believes the mine company owes them. These examples highlight that the notion of corporate social responsibility in the mining sector in Europe and Russia is fluid and changes according to the differing expectations and goals of stakeholders. We will present highlights of initial results. For example, Rosia Montana Gold Corporation, in Romania, is trying to reopen closed state gold mines. They have seen international media attention relating to campaigns by NGOs to oppose the mines reopening. Our results will help reveal what samples of different stakeholder groups really think of the mines reopening. This example contrasts distinctly with a mine in Kristineberg, Sweden, where Kristineberg village was built alongside the mine. There are now distinct issues felt within the community due to the decline in the number of people employed at the mine.
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| 8. |
- Borisova, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Micrometer-resolution X-ray tomographic full-volume reconstruction of an intact post-mortem juvenile rat lung
- 2021
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 155, s. 215-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present an X-ray tomographic imaging method that is well suited for pulmonary disease studies in animal models to resolve the full pathway from gas intake to gas exchange. Current state-of-the-art synchrotron-based tomographic phase-contrast imaging methods allow for three-dimensional microscopic imaging data to be acquired non-destructively in scan times of the order of seconds with good soft tissue contrast. However, when studying multi-scale hierarchically structured objects, such as the mammalian lung, the overall sample size typically exceeds the field of view illuminated by the X-rays in a single scan and the necessity for achieving a high spatial resolution conflicts with the need to image the whole sample. Several image stitching and calibration techniques to achieve extended high-resolution fields of view have been reported, but those approaches tend to fail when imaging non-stable samples, thus precluding tomographic measurements of large biological samples, which are prone to degradation and motion during extended scan times. In this work, we demonstrate a full-volume three-dimensional reconstruction of an intact rat lung under immediate post-mortem conditions and at an isotropic voxel size of (2.75 mu m)(3). We present the methodology for collecting multiple local tomographies with 360 degrees extended field of view scans followed by locally non-rigid volumetric stitching. Applied to the lung, it allows to resolve the entire pulmonary structure from the trachea down to the parenchyma in a single dataset. The complete dataset is available online ().
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| 9. |
- Gasparovic, Hrvoje, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of progressive aortic regurgitation on outcomes after left ventricular assist device implantation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heart and Vessels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0910-8327 .- 1615-2573. ; 37:12, s. 1985-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aortic regurgitation (AR) following continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation (cf-LVAD) may adversely impact outcomes. We aimed to assess the incidence and impact of progressive AR after cf-LVAD on prognosis, biomarkers, functional capacity and echocardiographic findings. In an analysis of the PCHF-VAD database encompassing 12 European heart failure centers, patients were dichotomized according to the progression of AR following LVAD implantation. Patients with de-novo AR or AR progression (AR_1) were compared to patients without worsening AR (AR_0). Among 396 patients (mean age 53 ± 12 years, 82% male), 153 (39%) experienced progression of AR over a median of 1.4 years on LVAD support. Before LVAD implantation, AR_1 patients were less frequently diabetic, had lower body mass indices and higher baseline NT-proBNP values. Progressive AR did not adversely impact mortality (26% in both groups, HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.61–1.36]; P = 0.65). No intergroup variability was observed in NT-proBNP values and 6-minute walk test results at index hospitalization discharge and at 6-month follow-up. However, AR_1 patients were more likely to remain in NYHA class III and had worse right ventricular function at 6-month follow-up. Lack of aortic valve opening was related to de-novo or worsening AR (P < 0.001), irrespective of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.67). Patients commonly experience de-novo or worsening AR when exposed to continuous flow of contemporary LVADs. While reducing effective forward flow, worsening AR did not influence survival. However, less complete functional recovery and worse RV performance among AR_1 patients were observed. Lack of aortic valve opening was associated with progressive AR.
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| 10. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics of liposome adhesion on a mercury electrode
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 109, s. 14715-14726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adhesion of liposomes on a mercury electrode leads to capacitive signals due to the formation of islands of lecithin monolayers. Integration of the current-time transients gives charge-time transients that can be fitted by the empirical equation Q(t) = Q(0) + Q(1)(1 - exp(-t/tau(1))) + Q(2)(1 - exp(-t/tau(2))), where the first term on the right side is caused by the docking of the liposome on the mercury surface, the second term is caused by the opening of the liposome, and the third term is caused by the spreading of the lecithin island on the mercury surface. The temperature dependence of the two time constants tau(1) and tau(2) and the temperature dependence of the overall adhesion rate allow determination of the activation energies of the opening, the spreading, and the overall adhesion process both for gel-phase 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and for liquid-crystalline-phase DMPC liposomes. In all cases, the spreading is the rate-determining process. Negative apparent activation energies for the spreading and overall adhesion process of liquid-crystalline-phase DMPC liposomes can be explained by taking into account the weak adsorption equilibria of the intact liposomes and the opened but not yet spread liposomes. A formal kinetic analysis of the reaction scheme supports the empirical equation used for fitting the charge-time transients. The developed kinetic model of liposome adhesion on mercury is similar to kinetic models published earlier to describe the fusion of liposomes. The new approach can be used to probe the stability of liposome membranes.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Sofia M., 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and Computational Study of Molecular Water Interactions with Condensed Nopinone Surfaces Under Atmospherically Relevant Conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 124:18, s. 3652-3661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water and organics are omnipresent in the atmosphere, and their interactions influence the properties and lifetime of both aerosols and clouds. Nopinone is one of the major reaction products formed from beta-pinene oxidation, a compound emitted by coniferous trees, and it has been found in both gas and particle phases in the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the interactions between water molecules and nopinone surfaces by combining environmental molecular beam (EMB) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The EMB method enables detailed studies of the dynamics and kinetics of water interacting with solid nopinone at 170-240 K and graphite coated with a molecularly thin nopinone layer at 200-270 K. MD simulations that mimic the experimental conditions have been performed to add insights into the molecular-level processes. Water molecules impinging on nopinone surfaces are efficiently trapped (>= 97%), and only a minor fraction scatters inelastically while maintaining 35-65% of their incident kinetic energy (23.2 +/- 1.0 kJ mol(-1)). A large fraction (60-80%) of the trapped molecules desorbs rapidly, whereas a small fraction (20-40%) remains on the surface for more than 10 ms. The MD calculations confirm both rapid water desorption and the occurrence of strongly bound surface states. A comparison of the experimental and computational results suggests that the formation of surface-bound water clusters enhances water uptake on the investigated surfaces.
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Sofia M., 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding water interactions with organic surfaces: environmental molecular beam and molecular dynamics studies of the water-butanol system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 21:3, s. 1141-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between water molecules and condensed n-butanol surfaces are investigated at temperatures from 160 to 240 K using the environmental molecular beam experimental method and complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the experiments hyperthermal water molecules are directed onto a condensed n-butanol layer and the flux from the surface is detected in different directions. A small fraction of the water molecules scatters inelastically from the surface while losing 60-90% of their initial kinetic energy in collisions, and the angular distributions of these molecules are broad for both solid and liquid surfaces. The majority of the impinging water molecules are thermalized and trapped on the surface, while subsequent desorption is governed by two different processes: one where molecules bind briefly to the surface (residence time < 10 s), and another where the molecules trap for a longer time = 0.8-2.0 ms before desorbing. Water molecules trapped on a liquid n-butanol surface are substantially less likely to escape from the surface compared to a solid layer. The MD calculations provide detialed insight into surface melting, adsorption, absorption and desorption processes. Calculated angular distributions and kinetic energy of emitted water molecules agree well with the experimental data. In spite of its hydrophobic tail and enhanced surface organization below the melting temperature, butanol's hydrophilic functional groups are concluded to be surprisingly accessible to adsorbed water molecules; a finding that may be explained by rapid diffusion of water away from hydrophobic surface structures towards more strongly bound conformational structures.
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| 13. |
- Kay, E., et al.
(författare)
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NanoSIMS Imaging Reveals the Impact of Ligand-ASO Conjugate Stability on ASO Subcellular Distribution
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4923. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to specific cell types via targeted en-docytosis is challenging due to the low cell surface expression of target receptors and inefficient escape of ASOs from the endosomal pathway. Conjugating ASOs to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) leads to efficient target knockdown, specifically in pancreatic β-cells. It is presumed that ASOs dissociate from GLP1 intracellularly to enable an ASO interaction with its target RNA. It is unknown where or when this happens following GLP1-ASO binding to GLP1R and endocytosis. Here, we use correlative nanoscale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (NanoSIMS) and transmission electron microscopy to explore GLP1-ASO subcellular trafficking in GLP1R overexpressing HEK293 cells. We isotopically label both eGLP1 and ASO, which do not affect the eGLP1-ASO conjugate function. We found that the eGLP1 peptide and ASO are not detected at the same level in the same endosomes, within 30 min of GLP1R-HEK293 cell exposure to eGLP1-ASO. When we utilized different linker chemistry to stabilize the GLP1-ASO conjugate, we observed more ASO located with GLP1 compared to cell incubation with the less stable conjugate. Overall, our work suggests that the ASO separates from GLP1 relatively early in the endocytic pathway, and that linker chemistry might impact the GLP1-ASO function. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Lovric, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-purpose imaging endstation for high-resolution micrometer-scaled sub-second tomography
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physica Medica. - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797. ; 32:12, s. 1771-1778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved imaging of dynamic processes, ranging from biological in vivo studies to materials under in situ and in operando conditions, requires a flexible endstation capable of controlling complex components that interact in different configurations and at high speeds. At the X02DA TOMCAT beamline we have recently achieved in situ tomographic measurements at a rate of 20 Hz. Independently, we have shown the feasibility of in vivo lung imaging down to the micrometer scale. In the present paper, we discuss the latest developments in view of instrumentation and the accompanying components for achieving these two types of measurements. As the prime example, we focus on the technical requirements for in vivo tomographic microscopy of the lung at the micrometer scale in terms of acquisition schemes, triggering and radiation dose. We identify ultra-short single-projection exposures combined with accurate triggering capabilities as the main prerequisites to obtain high-quality reconstructions while limiting the X-ray dose imparted on the living sample. The presented endstation offers generic high-speed imaging capabilities, as it is compatible with a variety of experimental setups and suitable for a wide range of time-resolved studies.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Norrbom, JM, et al.
(författare)
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A HIF-1 signature dominates the attenuation in the human skeletal muscle transcriptional response to high-intensity interval training
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 132:6, s. 1448-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first study to address the phenomena of attenuation of the acute exercise response on a global genomic scale with a focus on underlying regulatory machinery and it is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study conducted in humans was exercise-induced regulation of different canonical pathways and transcription factors are contrasted with regards to attenuation after a period with regular exercise training. These results provide evidence for a pathway-specific regulated augmentation of the response to acute exercise over time that tracks with the successive adaptation on the systemic level.
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| 19. |
- Rose, Angela M.C., et al.
(författare)
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Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Omicron-dominant circulation : I-MOVECOVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021 to 2022
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - 1025-496X. ; 28:47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital networks have been measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in participating European countries since early 2021. Aim: We aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in patients ≥20 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from December 2021 to July 2022 (Omicron-dominant period). Methods: In both networks, 46 hospitals (13 countries) follow a similar test-negative case–control protocol. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) and first booster dose vaccination as last dose of either vaccine received≥14 days before symptom onset (stratifying first booster into received<150 and≥150 days after last PSV dose). We measured VE overall, by vaccine category/product, age group and time since first mRNA booster dose, adjusting by site as a fixed effect, and by swab date, age, sex, and presence/absence of at least one commonly collected chronic condition. Results: We included 2,779 cases and 2,362 controls. The VE of all vaccine products combined against hospitalisation for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 43% (95% CI: 29–54) for complete PSV (with last dose received≥150 days before onset), while it was 59% (95% CI: 51–66) after addition of one booster dose. The VE was 85% (95% CI: 78–89), 70% (95% CI: 61–77) and 36% (95% CI: 17–51) for those with onset 14–59 days, 60–119 days and 120–179 days after booster vaccination, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, during the Omicron period, observed VE against SARI hospitalisation improved with first mRNA booster dose, particularly for those having symptom onset<120 days after first booster dose.
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