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- de la Iglesia, Horacio O., et al.
(författare)
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Ancestral sleep
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 26:7, s. R271-R272
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While we do not yet understand all the functions of sleep, its critical role for normal physiology and behaviour is evident. Its amount and temporal pattern depend on species and condition. Humans sleep about a third of the day with the longest, consolidated episode during the night. The change in lifestyle from hunter-gatherers via agricultural communities to densely populated industrialized centres has certainly affected sleep, and a major concern in the medical community is the impact of insufficient sleep on health 1 and 2. One of the causal mechanisms leading to insufficient sleep is altered exposure to the natural light–dark cycle. This includes the wide availability of electric light, attenuated exposure to daylight within buildings, and evening use of light-emitting devices, all of which decrease the strength of natural light–dark signals that entrain circadian systems [3].
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- Fischer, F M, et al.
(författare)
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Internal and external time conflicts in adolescents : Sleep characteristics and interventions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mind, Brain, and Education. ; 2:1, s. 17-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Internal and external time conflicts in adolescents: Sleep characteristics and interventionsDaytime fatigue and lack of sleep seem to increase throughout adolescent years. Several environmental, psychological, and biological factors have been associated with the development of sleep across adolescence. The aim of the present article is to summarize these factors and to give examples of various outcomes in sleep patterns among adolescents studied in different cultural settings. It is obvious from earlier work that many adolescents have displaced circadian rhythms and lack of adaptation to school hours due to an early school start or additional burdens for work.Several interventions have aimed to help the adaptation process by supporting sleep processes and changing scheduling, in this way promoting classroom alertness. In summary, adolescents worldwide shorten their sleep due to schoolwork hours and additional work, especially by disturbing their sleep due to circadian misalignment.
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- Lowden, Arne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Delayed Sleep in Winter Related to Natural Daylight Exposure among Arctic Day Workers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clocks & Sleep. - : MDPI AG. - 2624-5175. ; 1:1, s. 105-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural daylight exposures in arctic regions vary substantially across seasons. Negative consequences have been observed in self-reports of sleep and daytime functions during the winter but have rarely been studied in detail. The focus of the present study set out to investigate sleep seasonality among indoor workers using objective and subjective measures. Sleep seasonality among daytime office workers (n = 32) in Kiruna (Sweden, 67.86° N, 20.23° E) was studied by comparing the same group of workers in a winter and summer week, including work and days off at the weekend, using actigraphs (motion loggers) and subjective ratings of alertness and mood. Actigraph analyses showed delayed sleep onset of 39 min in winter compared to the corresponding summer week (p < 0.0001) and shorter weekly sleep duration by 12 min (p = 0.0154). A delay of mid-sleep was present in winter at workdays (25 min, p < 0.0001) and more strongly delayed during days off (46 min, p < 0.0001). Sleepiness levels were higher in winter compared to summer (p < 0.05). Increased morning light exposure was associated with earlier mid-sleep (p < 0.001), while increased evening light exposure was associated with delay (p < 0.01). This study confirms earlier work that suggests that lack of natural daylight delays the sleep/wake cycle in a group of indoor workers, despite having access to electric lighting. Photic stimuli resulted in a general advanced sleep/wake rhythm during summer and increased alertness levels.
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- Lowden, A, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of sleepiness and melatonin by bright light exposure during breaks in night work
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 13:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Night work is non-optimal for performance and recuperation because of a lack of circadian influence that fully promote a night orientation. Our study assessed, in an industrial setting, the effects of bright light exposure (BL) on sleepiness, sleep and melatonin, during night work and during the following readaptation to day work. In a crossover design, 18 workers at a truck production plant were exposed to either BL (2500 lx) during breaks or normal light during four consecutive weeks. Twenty minute breaks were initiated by 67% of the workers between 03:00 and 04:00 hours. Sleep/wake patterns were assessed through actigraphs and ratings were given in a sleep/wake diary. Saliva melatonin was measured at 2-h intervals before, during and after night shift weeks. A significant interaction demonstrated a reduction of sleepiness in the BL condition particularly on the first two nights at 04:00 and 06:00 hours. Day sleep in the BL condition was significantly lengthened. Bright light administration significantly suppressed melatonin levels during night work and most strongly at 02:00 hours. Daytime melatonin during the readaptation after night work remained unaffected. The present findings demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of photic stimulation in industrial settings to increase adaptation to night work.
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- Nehme, P. A., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced melatonin synthesis in pregnant night workers : Metabolic implications for offspring
- 2019
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-9877 .- 1532-2777. ; 132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several novel animal studies have shown that intrauterine metabolic programming can be modified in the event of reduced melatonin synthesis during pregnancy, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the offspring. It is therefore postulated that female night workers when pregnant may expose the offspring to unwanted health threats. This may be explained by the fact that melatonin is essential for regulating energy metabolism and can influence reproductive activity. Moreover, the circadian misalignment caused by shift work affects fertility and the fetus, increasing the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and low birth weight, phenomena observed in night workers. Thus, we hypothesize that light-induced melatonin suppression as a result of night work may alter intrauterine metabolic programming in pregnant women, potentially leading to metabolic disorders in their offspring.
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