| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cantu, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Depletion of pulmonary intravascular macrophages prevents hyperacute pulmonary xenograft dysfunction
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0041-1337. ; 81:8, s. 1157-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recent years have brought dramatic progress in the field of xenotransplantation, with the development of transgenic swine and various other means of overcoming the rejection mediated by xenoreactive antibodies. Although progress has been rapid with kidney and heart xenografts, progress with pulmonary xenografts has lagged behind. Recent findings have suggested that donor pulmonary intravascular macrophages may play a critical role in the hyperacute dysfunction of pulmonary xenografts. METHODS: The function of pulmonary xenografts from pigs depleted of pulmonary intravascular macrophages was compared with the function of xenografts from normal pigs. RESULTS: Pulmonary xenografts from pigs from which pulmonary intravascular macrophages were depleted survived (23.5+/-0.9 hours) about five times longer than normal (macrophage sufficient) xenografts (4.4+/-1.41 hours) (P< 0.0001). At 21 hours post-reperfusion, the left pulmonary arterial flow was 225.0+/-34 ml/min in lungs depleted of pulmonary intravascular macrophages, whereas all normal xenografts had failed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that donor macrophages play a critical role in pulmonary xenograft dysfunction. This finding has broad implications for xenotransplantation, suggesting that porcine macrophages might pose a barrier to the engraftment and function of a variety of porcine organ xenografts.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lukes, D. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Oral feeding with pig peripheral lymphocytes decreases the xenogeneic delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in galactosyltransferase knockout mice
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - 0041-1345. ; 37:8, s. 3327-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Oral tolerance induction has shown promising results in experimental allotransplantation models but is not well investigated in xenotransplantation. We investigated the possibility to induce tolerance against pig peripheral lymphocytes (pPBL) in galactosyltransferase knockout mice (gal -/-), which produce antibodies against Galalpha1-3Gal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Female (gal -/-) mice 6 to 8 weeks old weighing 35 to 40 g (n = 10) were fed orally every third day five times with 2 x 10(7) isolated, viable pPBL, or with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only (n = 7). They were then immunized subcutaneously on day 0 with a subcellular lysate from 4 x 10(7) isolated, viable pPBL. On day 13, 25 microL of a subcellular lysate corresponding to 1 x 10(7) isolated, viable pPBL was injected in the right dorsal foot pad, and the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was calculated after 24 hours by subtracting the swelling response from 25 microL PBS in the left footpad. Anti-Galalpha1-3Gal immunoglobulin IgG and IgM antibody titers were measured in the serum before oral feeding and at day 14. RESULTS: The DTH reaction of the pPBL fed mice was 0.07 +/- 0.05 mm vs 0.57 +/- 0.23 mm for the controls (P < .001). No significant differences in anti Gal alpha1-3 Gal IgG and IgM antibody titers were seen. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that oral delivery of pPBL can counteract the indirect T-cell reaction against xenogeneic subcellular antigens from pPBL. These observations warrant further investigation in immunologically modified mice and perhaps in primate models of xenotransplantation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Adl, Sina M., et al.
(författare)
-
Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. - : WILEY. - 1066-5234 .- 1550-7408. ; 66:1, s. 4-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [J. Euk. Microbiol. 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many nodes in phylogenetic analyses. For some clades even families are being clearly resolved. As we had predicted, environmental sampling in the intervening years has massively increased the genetic information at hand. Consequently, we have discovered novel clades, exciting new genera and uncovered a massive species level diversity beyond the morphological species descriptions. Several clades known from environmental samples only have now found their home. Sampling soils, deeper marine waters and the deep sea will continue to fill us with surprises. The main changes in this revision are the confirmation that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Excavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista. We provide suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade. We have provided a guide to trophic functional guilds in an appendix, to facilitate the interpretation of environmental samples, and a standardized taxonomic guide for East Asian users.
|
|
| 5. |
- Horacek, J., et al.
(författare)
-
ELM temperature in JET and COMPASS tokamak divertors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 63:5, s. 056007-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the divertor edge localized mode (ELM) electron temperature at a uniquely high temporal resolution (10(-5) s) was reported at the JET tokamak (Guillemaut et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 066006). By collecting divertor probe data obtained during many dozens of ELMs, the conditional-average (CAV) technique yields surprisingly low peak electron temperatures, far below the pedestal ones (70%-99% reduction!) which we, however, question. This result was interpreted through the collisional free-streaming kinetic model of ELMs, by a transfer of most of the electron energy to ions, implying a high tungsten sputtering for unmitigated ELMs in future fusion devices like ITER. Recently, direct microsecond temperature measurements on the COMPASS tokamak, however, showed that the electron temperature peak of ELM filaments measured in the divertor is reduced by less than a third with respect to the pedestal one. This was further confirmed by a dedicated 1D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation and tends to prove that the pedestal electrons can transfer only their parallel energy to ions (due to low collisionality), thus less than a third, as is predicted by the collisionless free-streaming model. This finding strongly contradicts the JET observations. We have therefore compared the CAV to the direct (microsecond) ball-pen and Langmuir probes measurements in COMPASS and found very good agreement between them. Revisiting the aforementioned JET CAV analysis indeed shows that the electron temperatures are much higher than previously reported, close to those predicted by the PIC simulation, and thus the ion energy seems to not significantly increase in the scrape-off layer.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lukes, D. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Ischemic preconditioning can overcome the effect of moderate to severe cold ischemia on concordant mouse xeno-heart transplants
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - 0041-1345. ; 37:8, s. 3332-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Concordant mouse xeno-heart transplants are relatively sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated the effect of an ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protocol on the functional and biochemical outcome of mouse xenohearts transplanted to the Lewis rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: NMRI mice (30 to 40 g) were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. They were subjected either to a IPC protocol leading to an SaO(2) of 70% for 5 minutes followed by normoxia (defined as SaO(2) >90%) for 10 minutes (n = 9) or normoxia only (n = 11). The hearts were then heterotopically transplanted to Lewis rats (220 g). The frequencies of immediate onset and early dysfunction and late dysfunction were registered. The hearts surviving for 6 hours were explanted and the absolute concentrations of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined in micromole per gram of heart tissue with high-pressure liquid chromatography. The phosphorylation ratio, PCr/ATP, a known correlate to biochemical and functional outcome, was calculated. RESULTS: Four of 11 (36.4%) of control hearts experienced immediate onset and early dysfunction versus 0% (0/9) in M hearts subjected to IPC (P = .01). Furthermore, the IPC protocol increased the PCr concentration, 15.08 +/- 1.00 versus 9.04 +/- 2.04 micromol/g in controls (P = .01), and the PCr/ATP ratio, 1.80 +/- 0.17 versus 1.27 +/- 0.21 (NS; P = .06). CONCLUSIONS: IPC provides a protective PCr overshoot overcoming the short-term effects of moderate to severe ischemic injury on mouse xeno-heart transplants.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lukes, D. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Late mortality in 679 consecutive liver transplant recipients: the Gothenburg liver transplant experience
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - 0041-1345. ; 38:8, s. 2671-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Liver transplantation (OLT) is an established treatment with excellent early outcome. However, the long-term results are hampered by side effects of immunosuppression, cardiovascular morbidity, recurrent disease, and chronic rejection. We analyzed causes of late death (>/=2 years post-OLT) in 679 consecutive primary recipients in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 679 primary OLT recipients including those retransplanted within 3 months between January 1985 and August 2005 were identified; 460 (67.7%) patients survived >/=2 years. The indications were cholestatic disease (35.1%), postviral (11.4%), alcoholic (12.9%), fulminant hepatic failure (7.0%), cryptogenic (3.1%), autoimmune hepatitis (4.8%), malignancy (7.7%), and others (18.0%). Sixty three patients (9.3%) died >/=2 years post-OLT. For 51 patients, sufficient records were present to establish the cause of death. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty (67.7%) patients survived >/=2 years. Their median age was 58 years with, 43.7% older than 60 and 11.1% older than 70 years. Sixty three patients (9.3%) died at a median time of 69 +/- 4.8 months post-primary OLT; 49.1% died of malignancy and 13.7% of vascular complications and infectious complications respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Late mortality in our material is mainly due to malignant disease. Compared to other published reports on late mortality, the proportion of malignancy, especially recurrent, as cause of late death is higher. This might reflect a more generous approach toward accepting older patients and a higher proportion of patients with various malignant diseases accepted for OLT.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lukes, D. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Singlet oxygen energy illumination during moderate cold ischemia prolongs the survival of concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - 0041-1345. ; 37:1, s. 518-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Singlet oxygen energy (SOE) is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in vivo in certain dose ranges and can improve the levels of high-energy phosphates (HEP) in concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants. Some data indicate that a certain degree of cold ischemia (CI) might be beneficial to xenotransplants. We investigated if SOE illumination of hamster xeno-hearts during moderate cold ischemia (CI) improved graft survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen hearts from Golden Syrian hamsters (70 to 80 g) were subjected to 8 hours of CI in cold (+4 degrees C) saline solution (NaCL, 0.9%) before heterotopic cervical transplantation to Lewis rats (220 g). Among the treatment group (n = 8), SOE was produced by illuminating the hearts for 10 minutes every 30 minutes with photons at lambda 634 nm with the Oxylight equipment. Graft function was evaluated every 6 hours after transplantation with digital exam until cessation of heart beats. RESULTS: The graft survival of SOE-illuminated ischemic hamster xenografts was 2.34 +/- 0.56 versus 1.15 +/- 0.37 days in the control group (P < .05). All hearts displayed immediate graft function versus 70% in the controls (NS). CONCLUSIONS: SOE illumination at lambda 634 nm during moderate cold ischemia (+4 degrees C) can improve the survival of concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants. The exact mechanism(s) are currently unknown, but the effect might in part be exerted by a combination of reduced production of ROS and increased oxidative phosphorylation.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
