| 1. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
-
SEISMIC LANDSTREAMER FOR URBAN UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING PROJECTS – A CASE STUDY FROM VARBERG
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of the TRUST (TRansparent Underground STructure), an industry-academia partnership project, a multicomponent broadband based on digital sensors, seismic landstreamer system has been developed. The system is particularly geared for noisy environments and areas where high-resolution images of the subsurface are needed. The streamer has been tested in various locations (e.g. parts of Stockholm Bypass project) and for various other targets one of which was the planned underground train tunnel in the city of Varberg, southwest Sweden. Potential targets were bedrock surface and weakness zones, such as fracture and shear zones. During nearly three weeks, 25 seismic profiles totally about 7.5 km long, using a source and receiver spacing of 2-4 m, were acquired. A novel approach in the data acquisition was to combine the landstreamer with wireless sensors in areas where accessibility was restricted and, to provide crucial information seismic sensors had to still be placed but not in the form of streamer. Although the area is highly noisy especially in the city center and areas close to the train station, the seismic data successfully allowed mapping the bedrock surface and its undulation and areas where potentially rocks have poor quality. Based on these results and modeling work conducted in the area, a detailed and complementary investigation has been recommended and optimal locations for a second phase drilling campaign have been identified. Complementary to this study, new approaches to quantify uncertainty in the seismic data, models and interpretations were developed and tested. The uncertainty estimates and the seismic results are currently being used in BIM (building information modeling) together with geotechnical and geological observations and serve as one of the main ingredients for the planning and construction of the tunnel.
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| 2. |
- Åsman, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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A Particle Consistent with the Higgs Boson Observed with the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider
- 2012
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 338:6114, s. 1576-1582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly 50 years ago, theoretical physicists proposed that a field permeates the universe and gives energy to the vacuum. This field was required to explain why some, but not all, fundamental particles have mass. Numerous precision measurements during recent decades have provided indirect support for the existence of this field, but one crucial prediction of this theory has remained unconfirmed despite 30 years of experimental searches: the existence of a massive particle, the standard model Higgs boson. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN has now observed the production of a new particle with a mass of 126 giga-electron volts and decay signatures consistent with those expected for the Higgs particle. This result is strong support for the standard model of particle physics, including the presence of this vacuum field. The existence and properties of the newly discovered particle may also have consequences beyond the standard model itself.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Almqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Solving the ADAPT Benchmark Problem - A Student Project Study
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a solution to the Advanced Diagnosis and Prognostics testbed (ADAPT) diagnosis benchmark problem. One main objective was to study and discuss how engineering students, with no diagnosis research background, would solve a challenging diagnosis problem. The study was performed within the framework of a final year project course for control engineering students. A main contribution of the work is the discussion on the development process used by the students. The solution is based on physical models of components and includes common techniques from control theory, like observers and parameter estimators, together with established algorithms for consistency based fault isolation. The system is fully implemented in C++ and evaluated, using the DXC software platform, with good diagnosis performance.
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| 5. |
- Bazin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Seismic and Electrical Resistivity Investigations for the Planning of a Tunnel in Oslo Outskirts
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oslo municipality is presently planning bus and car tunnels to facilitate its accessibility and increase traffic efficiency. Urban environment is usually a challenge for geophysical pre-investigations because of the various sources of noise, vibrations and restriction both in time and space. These technical challenges were overcome with the use of a newly developed seismic streamer specifically designed for noisy urban areas, from an industry-academia partnership. A total of 3.5 km long seismic data along 14 profiles were acquired for the tunnels pre-investigation with the main goals of (1) obtaining information about depth to bedrock, (2) detecting potential weakness zones, and (3) optimizing the number of drillings and their locations for a follow-up study. In addition, six electrical resistivity tomography profiles were acquired near the planned tunnel alignments. Inversion of first breaks and electrical resistivity data provides a seamless depth to bedrock interface that is in most places in good agreement with the nearby geotechnical soundings. In addition, the geophysical sections reveal the bedrock undulation character and provide some indication of weakness zones. This case study also illustrates that if the pre-investigation had been based only on boreholes, it would have overseen a potential difficulty during excavation.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Brodic, Bojan, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-component digital-based seismic landstreamer and boat-towed radio-magnetotelluric acquisition systems for improved subsurface characterization in the urban environment
- 2017
-
Ingår i: First Break. - Amsterdam, Netherlands. - 0263-5046 .- 1365-2397. ; 35:8, s. 41-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is estimated that urban life will be the norm for around 60% of the world’s population by 2040, leading to a more centralized distribution of people and making the city as the main place of residence (Whiteley, 2009). This population centralization inherently implies rapidly expanding cities and imposes the need for more infrastructure within, around and between the present city boundaries. However, infrastructure projects nowadays have to follow strict civil engineering standards that require detailed knowledge of subsurface conditions during different stages of the construction processes. Since direct methods conventionally used for site characterization (e.g., drilling and/or core testing) are still relatively expensive the focus in the last two decades has been on non-invasive, geophysical methods. However, geophysical site characterization in urban areas is not an easy task owing to numerous challenges and various types of noise sources. Challenges such as electric/electromagnetic (EM) noise, pipelines and other subsurface objects (sometimes even unknown or undocumented), the inability to properly couple sensors because of pavement, traffic noises and limited space are common in urban environment. Since geophysical surveys need to be done with the least amount of disturbances to the environment, residents and traffic, new geophysical techniques for fast, non-invasive and high-resolution site characterization are needed. To overcome some of these challenges, a nationwide joint industry-academia project was launched in 2012 TUST GeoInfra, www.trust-geoinfra.se). As a component in the project, Uppsala University developed two new data acquisition systems. These are a fully digital MEMS-based (Micro-machined Electro-Mechanical Sensor) three component (3C) seismic landstreamer and a boat-towed radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) acquisition system. Both systems were specifically designed to address urban environments with the RMT system particularly aiming at efficient and cost-effective geophysical surveying on shallow-water bodies, which constitute 7% of Scandinavia. In this article, we will describe the two systems and present two case studies illustrating their potential. A number of published accounts are now available from the two systems showing what type of problems they can address (e.g., Bastani et al., 2015; Brodic et al., 2015; Malehmir et al., 2015a, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b, 2017; Dehghannejad et al., 2017; Maries et al., 2017; Mehta et al., 2017; Brodic et al., 2017).
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| 8. |
- Dehghannejad, Mahdieh, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution Reflection Imaging for the Planning of a Double Train-track Tunnel in the City of Varberg, Sweden
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly developed broadband MEMs-based seismic landstreamer system was employed for the planning of a double train-track tunnel in the city of Varberg, southwest Sweden. In addition to the refraction analysis and velocity tomographic modeling, reflection processing of the data was considered given the good quality of the data and realization of reflections in some raw shot gathers. Bedrock is strongly reflective in most cases and only at occasions when reaches near the surface it disappears in the reflection section. Bedrock undulation is clearly noticeable in most reflection sections and at one occasion it appears to be strongly diffractive. The diffraction signature is now known to be associated with a buried water tank used in fire emergency situations. Reflection seismic data greatly complements tomographic models and may support a deep bedrock at where the tunnel is planned to be excavated in the downtown Varberg.
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| 9. |
- Guglielmi, Yves, et al.
(författare)
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Crystalline Disposal R&D at LBNL : FY20 Progress Report
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within the Spent Fuel & Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) Program, research work continues further with the goal to better understand long-term performance of disposal systems in three main geologic rock types: clay/shale, salt, and crystalline rock. This report documents LBNL’s research activities related to investigations of crystalline host rock according to the scope of two work packages: SF-20LB01030207 “Crystalline International Collaborations – LBNL,” and SF-20LB01030203 “Crystalline Disposal R&D – LBNL.” These research activities correspond are related to key Features, Events, and Processes (FEPs), ranked in importance from medium to high, as listed in Table 7 of the Used Fuel Disposition Campaign Disposal Research and Development Roadmap (FCR&D-USED-2011-000065 REV0) (Nutt, 2011). Specifically, these research activities address FEP 2.2.01, Excavation Disturbed Zone (EZD). The results of these research activities provide important insights into understanding and predicting flow and transport processes that could occur in low-permeability crystalline rocks, in which fractures might serve as main conduits for fluid flow and radionuclide transport. The evolution of the EDZ during the excavation of the tunnel as well as the evolution of microcrack growth within the EDZ after the emplacement of backfill are critical for predicting the long- term behavior of the EDZ. A number of factors including stress, temperature, water activity, capillary pressure, chemistry, and mineralogy can affect the rock evolution, which require advanced experimental tools to study it.
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| 10. |
- Hillberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Active Network Management for All : ANM4L a collaborative research project
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Developments of the power system are driven by the need to decrease the environmental footprint, to meet international climate goals, pushing for fossil‐free energy system. The transition towards clean energy will require power systems to adapt on a global scale with significant investments needed in fossil‐free electricity generation and transport. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) play an increasingly important role in the power system and may become the dominant sources of electricity. Significant RES are integrated in distribution grids globally, resulting in an increased need for distribution grids to perform new and complex tasks necessary for continued grid stability. The rapidity of small‐scale investments calls for agile, alternative grid development solutions. This agility is furthermore necessary to meet challenges arising from demand scenarios encompassing intermittent renewables along with electrification of transport and heat sectors. New technologies and markets are emerging to provide flexibility in consumption, generation, and power transfer capacity. Active Network Management (ANM) solutions provides alternative methods for planning and operation of the power system, through monitoring and control of multiple grid assets. This paper presents an overview of the ongoing project ANM4L, where a toolbox will be developed to support operation and planning of distribution grids.The project ANM4L (Active network management for all - anm4l.eu), will develop and demonstrate innovative ANM solutions for increasing integration of distributed generation in electricity distribution systems. ANM solutions will consider management of active and reactive power to avoid overload situations and maintain voltage limits. The goal is to decrease the need of curtailment of renewable energy, theoretically enabling further integration of distributed generation potentially even above the current design limitations of the electricity network. Core research and development activities of the ANM4L project include development of: ANM methods for local energy systems. Economic considerations to provide decision support. A toolbox to support the planning and operation. The toolbox, methods and business models for ANM will be demonstrated in real life distribution grids in both Sweden and Hungary. Furthermore, the project will consider the replicability and scalability necessary for these ANM solutions to be applied across the EU.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hogenkamp, Pleunie S, et al.
(författare)
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Acute sleep deprivation increases portion size and affects food choice in young men.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 38:9, s. 1668-1674
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute sleep loss increases food intake in adults. However, little is known about the influence of acute sleep loss on portion size choice, and whether this depends on both hunger state and the type of food (snack or meal item) offered to an individual. The aim of the current study was to compare portion size choice after a night of sleep and a period of nocturnal wakefulness (a condition experienced by night-shift workers, e.g. physicians and nurses). Sixteen men (age: 23±0.9 years, BMI: 23.6±0.6kg/m(2)) participated in a randomized within-subject design with two conditions, 8-h of sleep and total sleep deprivation (TSD). In the morning following sleep interventions, portion size, comprising meal and snack items, was measured using a computer-based task, in both fasted and sated state. In addition, hunger as well as plasma levels of ghrelin were measured. In the morning after TSD, subjects had increased plasma ghrelin levels (13%, p=0.04), and chose larger portions (14%, p=0.02), irrespective of the type of food, as compared to the sleep condition. Self-reported hunger was also enhanced (p<0.01). Following breakfast, sleep-deprived subjects chose larger portions of snacks (16%, p=0.02), whereas the selection of meal items did not differ between the sleep interventions (6%, p=0.13). Our results suggest that overeating in the morning after sleep loss is driven by both homeostatic and hedonic factors. Further, they show that portion size choice after sleep loss depend on both an individual's hunger status, and the type of food offered.
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| 14. |
- Häggmark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomic Profiling Reveals Autoimmune Targets in Sarcoidosis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 191:5, s. 574-583
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: There is a need to further characterize the antibody repertoire in relation to sarcoidosis and potentially related autoantigens. Objectives: We investigated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum samples from patients with sarcoidosis and healthy and diseased control subjects to discover sarcoidosis-associated autoantigens. Methods: Antigen microarrays built on 3,072 protein fragments were used to screen for IgG reactivity in 73 BAL samples from subjects with sarcoidosis, subjects with asthma, and healthy subjects. A set of 131 targets were selected for subsequent verification on suspension bead arrays using 272 additional BAL samples and 141 paired sera. Reactivity to four antigens was furthermore analyzed in 22 unprocessed BAL samples from patients with fibrosis and 269 plasma samples from patients diagnosed with myositis. Measurements and Main Results: Reactivity toward zinc finger protein 688 and mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43 were discovered with higher frequencies in patients with sarcoidosis, for mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43 especially in patients with non-Lofgren syndrome. Increased reactivity toward nuclear receptor coactivator 2 was also observed in patients with non-Lofgren syndrome as compared with patients with Lofgren syndrome. The antigen representing adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1 revealed high reactivity frequency in all sample groups but with significantly higher level of IgG reactivities in patients with sarcoidosis. Conclusions: Autoantigen reactivity was present in most BAL and serum samples analyzed, and the results revealed high interindividual heterogeneity, with most of the reactivities observed in single individuals only. Four proteins are here proposed as sarcoidosis-associated autoimmune targets and of interest for further validation in independent cohorts.
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| 15. |
- Lind, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Jakt på papperslösa gör oss till en polisstat
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - : Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-10-04
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Regeringen föreslår nio åtgärder för att hitta och utvisa papperslösa. Det kommer att slå hårt och främst gå ut över redan svaga och jagade människor. Vi uppmanar därför regeringen att ta tillbaka åtgärderna, skriver 43 forskare.
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| 16. |
- Lundberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Mobilizing Scandinavian Children and Youth for the Environment : Launching a Transnational Campaign 1968–1971
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Nordic Media Histories of Propaganda and Persuasion. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031051708 - 9783031051739 - 9783031051715 ; , s. 225-242
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1968, Swedish insurance company Folksam launched the information campaign Front mot miljöförstöringen (“Front against Environmental Degradation”). The campaign culminated in 1969 with large public hearings where young people addressed local politicians and industry leaders about environmental problems. Throughout this campaign, the aim was to activate youth and make them co-creators of large-scale social change. Within a year, initiatives were taken to launch the campaign in other Nordic countries as well. In this chapter, we explore this early transnational Nordic initiative to raise environmental awareness and the role of children and youth in advancing these issues in the Swedish and Norwegian editions of the campaign. By analysing the various media involved, we specifically discuss the interplay between information and activation
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| 17. |
- Lundberg, Emil, 1977-
(författare)
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2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Studies over Scandinavian Deformation Zones
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of deformation zones is of great geological interest since these zones can separate rocks with different characteristics. The geometry of these structures with depth is important for interpreting the geological history of an area. Paper I to III present 2D reflection seismic data over deformation zones targeting structures in the upper 3-4 km of the crust. These seismic profiles were acquired with a crooked-line recording geometry. 2D seismic processing assumes a straight recording geometry. Most seismic processing tools were developed for sub-horizontally layered structures. However, in the crystalline rocks in Scandinavia more complex structures with contrasting dip directions and folding are common. The crooked-line recording geometries have the benefit of sampling a 3D volume. This broader sampling can be used to gain knowledge about the true geometry of subsurface structures. Correlation with geological maps and other geophysical data along with seismic data modeling can be used to differentiate reflections from faults or fracture zones from other reflectivity, e.g. mafic bodies. Fault and fracture zones may have a large impedance contrast to surrounding rocks, while ductile shear zones usually do not. The ductile shear zones can instead be interpreted based on differing reflectivity patterns between domains and correlations with geology or magnetic maps. Paper IV presents 3D reflection seismic data from a quick-clay landslide site in southern Sweden. The area is located in a deformation zone and structures in unconsolidated sediments may have been influenced by faults in the bedrock. The main target layer is located at only 20 m depth, but good surface conditions during acquisition and careful processing enabled a clear seismic image of this shallow layer to be obtained.The research presented in this thesis provides increased knowledge about subsurface structures in four geologically important areas. The unconventional processing methods used are recommended to future researchers working with data from crooked-line recording geometries in crystalline environments. The imaging of shallow structures at the quick-clay landslide site shows that the 3D reflection seismic method can be used as a complement to other geophysical measurements for shallow landslide site investigations.
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| 18. |
- Lundberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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3D reflection seismic investigation over a quick-clay landslide scar in Lilla Edet, south-westernSweden
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This project is part of a multidisciplinary research projectsponsored by the Society of Exploration Geophysiciststhrough the Geoscientists Without Borders (GWB)program. The 3D P-wave seismic data were acquired over alandslide scar close to Lilla Edet in south-west Sweden.The survey area is located on the shoreline of a major riverthat follows a 4 km wide fault zone. The area is known forhosting unstable quick-clays that could potentially causelandslides. The main objective of the 3D seismic was todefine the bedrock topography and layering within the clayformation. The 3D seismic data will form a base model thatwill assist the interpretations of the other geophysical data,which were collected at the same location. The quality ofthe data is good and the top of the crystalline bedrock and acoarse layer within the clay formation were detected. Thedepth to the coarse layer could be correlated using existinggeotechnical boreholes. A similar north-northeast extendingridge shaped structure was found in the coarser layer and inthe bedrock topography. The top of the bedrock is,however, dipping about 15° towards north while the coarselayer in the clay formation is fairly flat. The coarse layer islocated approximately 20 m below the surface and the topof the bedrock reaches a maximum depth of about 120 m.The geometry of the coarse layer may be important for thedirection of fresh water flow, which can leach salt from theclays, creating unstable quick-clays, at the location of thelandslide area.
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| 19. |
- Lundberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution 3D reflection seismic investigation over a quick-clay landslide scar in southwest Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Geophysics. - 0016-8033 .- 1942-2156. ; 79:2, s. B97-B107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quick-clay landslides often occur in the northern hemisphere in areas that were covered by Pleistocene glaciation. They are particularly common along the shorelines of the Göta River in southwestern Sweden. Characterization of potential landslide areas and identification of features that indicate high risk are necessary to better understand the triggering mechanisms of these events. Therefore, an intensive characterization project has been initiated at the location of the Fråstad landslide in Sweden. Part of the characterization program included the acquisition of 3D reflection seismic data to image structures in the normally consolidated sediments, as well as the bedrock topography below the landslide scar. Two seismic horizons within the glacial and post-glacial sediments were observed. The shallowest seismic horizon (here referred to as S1) corresponds to a coarse-grained layer that was previously detected by eight geotechnical boreholes located within the 3D survey area. Discontinuities in S1, mapped by the 3D reflection seismic data, occur across a zone that correlates with the landslide scar boundary, suggesting that this zone may have played a role in triggering and/or in limiting the extension of the landslide. If S1 is truncated by or mixed with clays in this zone, then the outflow of water from the permeable S1 into the clays above may have increased the amount of quick-clays above this zone. The increased outflow of water may also have caused a higher pore-water pressure south of the zone, which in turn could have acted as a trigger for the landslide. This study shows the potential of using the 3D reflection seismic method as a complement to drilling and other geophysical methods when performing landslide site investigations. It also demonstrates the importance of further investigating the relationship between 3D subsurface geometries and landslide development.
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| 20. |
- Lundberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution reflection seismic imaging of the Ullared Deformation Zone, southern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 190:1-4, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ullared Deformation Zone (UDZ) is one of a few structures worldwide known to contain decompressed eclogite facies rocks of Precambrian age. Given the unique nature of the Ullared eclogites, a 15 km long reflection seismic profile was acquired across the UDZ in April 2007. The principal objective of the profile was to provide geometrical information on the deformation zone at depth. The profile was acquired along a crooked line which gave us the opportunity to extract strike and dip information of reflections from the data-set using non-standard seismic techniques, including a cross-dip correction. This cross-dip correction method proved to be very useful for constraining the geometry of the reflectors at depth. The most recent (from 1997) published geological interpretation of the UDZ area was based on aeromagnetic data and the UDZ was interpreted as a shear zone, or possibly a shear zone system. The seismic data and a detailed aeromagnetic analysis support the interpretation of the UDZ as a shear zone system. Based on differences in reflectivity and geometry, the UDZ can be separated into four different units. The north-easternmost unit is the only one where eclogites have been found so far. Structures of the eclogite bearing unit are interpreted to dip approximately 20-30 degrees towards northeast at depth.
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| 21. |
- Lundberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution reflection seismic profiling over the Tjellefonna fault in the More-Trondelag Fault Complex, Norway
- 2012
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Ingår i: SOLID EARTH. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1869-9510 .- 1869-9529. ; 3:1, s. 175-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The More-Trondelag Fault Complex (MTFC) is one of the most prominent fault zones of Norway, both onshore and offshore. In spite of its importance, very little is known of the deeper structure of the individual fault segments comprising the fault complex. Most seismic lines have been recorded offshore or focused on deeper structures. This paper presents results from two reflection seismic profiles, located on each side of the Tingvollfjord, acquired over the Tjellefonna fault in the southeastern part of the MTFC. Possible kilometer scale vertical offsets, reflecting large scale northwest-dipping normal faulting, separating the high topography to the southeast from lower topography to the northwest have been proposed for the Tjellefonna fault or the Baeverdalen lineament. In this study, however, the Tjellefonna fault is interpreted to dip approximately 50-60 degrees towards the southeast to depths of at least 1.3 km. Travel-time modeling of reflections associated with the fault was used to establish the geometry of the fault structure at depth, while detailed analysis of first P-wave arrivals in shot gathers, together with resistivity profiles, were used to define the near surface geometry of the fault zone. A continuation of the structure on the northeastern side of the Tingvollfjord is suggested by correlation of an in strike direction P-S converted reflection (generated by a fracture zone) seen on the reflection data from that side of the Tingvollfjord. The reflection seismic data correlate well with resistivity profiles and recently published near surface geophysical data. A highly reflective package forming a gentle antiform structure was also identified on both seismic profiles. This structure could be related to the folded amphibolite lenses seen on the surface or possibly by an important boundary within the gneissic basement rocks of the Western Gneiss Region. The fold hinge line of the structure is parallel with the Tjellefonna fault trace suggesting that the folding and faulting may have been related.
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| 22. |
- Lundberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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C6 - Congestion Management in Distribution Systems with Large Presence of Renewable Energy Sources
- 2023
-
Ingår i: CIGRE Science & Engineering. - 2426-1335. ; 27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congestion is a major limiting factor preventing expansion of renewable energy production in distribution networks. However, with large shares of connected power electronic-interfaced generators in combination with new types of controllable loads, such as electric vehicles (EVs), there is a potential to greatly increase network operation flexibility. Utilising these available flexible resources effectively is crucial to boost network capacity in a cost-effective manner and allow for safe integration of additional renewable energy sources (RESs). In parallel, the reactive power flows in distribution networks are changing. This can be attributed to the increased RES production and increased charging currents due to expanding cable networks. Also contributing to the changing flows is the rising number of new household appliances and consumer electronics with non-linear load characteristics. This makes systemwide coordination of resources an even more pressing issue. For distribution system operators (DSOs), minimising undesired reactive power flows at the connection to the transmission system is key to meet inter-network requirements. In this paper we propose a centralised near real-time control algorithm for combined congestion management and reactive power control in distribution networks. Through updated communication and measurement protocols, together with more extensive use of the active and reactive power control capabilities of local flexibility resources – such as wind power plants (WPPs), photovoltaic (PV) units, and flexible loads – bottlenecks can be detected and eliminated. Flexibility is offered by local resources and dispatched by the DSO through a common platform, which is independent of any specific financial arrangement for the participating flexibility providers. Thus, market solutions and individual contractual agreements are not mutually exclusive and can be implemented in parallel. The inclusion of reactive power simplifies the DSO’s coordination of intra-network and inter-network operational requirements. We demonstrate selected algorithm features through simulations of a congestion scenario in a medium voltage benchmark network. Aspects of deploying the solution in actual distribution network operation are also outlined.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lundberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Local voltage control in distribution networks using PI control of active and reactive power
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overvoltage is becoming increasingly prevalent in distribution networks with high penetration of renewable distributed energy sources (DERs). Local control of converter-based resources is a flexible and scalable method to prevent this growing issue. Reactive power is used for voltage control in many local control schemes. However, the typical range of R/X ratios for distribution power lines indicates that mitigation of overvoltage often requires excessive amounts of reactive power. Complete reliance on reactive power thus limits the effectiveness of local control strategies. In this work we instead propose a method that combines enhanced power factor voltage control with upper voltage limit tracking using PI control. We develop a modelling framework and demonstrate the stability of the proposed method. We then simulate the nonlinear operation of two parallel PI controllers in a medium voltage test system. © 2022 The Authors
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| 25. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
-
A multidisciplinary geophysical and geotechnical investigation of quick clay landslides in Sweden
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landslides are one of the most commonly occurring naturaldisasters. They claim hundreds of human lives and costbillions of dollars every year. In order to providegeophysical tools and techniques to better characterize sitesprone to slide, we have been carrying out and evaluatingpotential utility of several geophysical surveys over a quickclay landslide site in southwest Sweden since 2011. Themeasurements include 2D and 3D P- and S-wave highresolution surface seismics, radio- and controlled-sourceelectromagnetics, geoelectrics, ground gravity andmagnetic surveys. A particular focus here is given to theseismic studies in the site. Combined with downholegeophysical and geotechnical measurements, we show thatmajority of reflections correlate well with sandy-siltyformations in the site. Quick clays often occur above theseformations, which may be an indication of the role ofcoarse-grained formations to not only partly form quickclays but also triggering them when pore-water pressure issignificantly increased.
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| 26. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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A state-of-the-art MEMs-based 3C Seismic Landstreamer for Various Near-surface Applications
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within a large academia-industry consortium we have developed a unique state-of-the-art consisting of 100-3C MEMs-based sensors seismic landstreamer for various near surface applications and particularly for urban underground infrastructure planning projects. The streamer has been tested and evaluated in several places against plant-type geophones and the same type MEMs sensors but planted and for the planning of several major tunnelling projects inside and outside Sweden. When compared to plant-type geophones in a highly electrical noisy environment, the streamer sensors illustrated their potentials in being uncontaminated and superior to its predecessor geophone-based streamers. Being GPS-time stamped and sampled, it allows the streamer data to be merged with wireless data operating in a passive mode further overcoming some of the challenges encountered in complex urban and geological environments. Here, we present the streamer and its characteristics and examples of data and results obtained from it. In particular, we present results from a survey comprising of 25 profiles of about 7.5 km long in total and a surface-tunnel experiment where the streamer data were crucial to recognize mode-converted signals from fracture systems intersected in the tunnel.
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| 27. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Planning of urban underground infrastructure using a broadband seismic landstreamer - Tomography results and uncertainty quantifications from a case study in southwestern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geophysics. - 0016-8033 .- 1942-2156. ; 80:6, s. B177-B192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a multicomponent broadband seismic landstreamer system based on digital sensors and particularly suitable for noisy environments and areas in which high-resolution images of the subsurface are desired. We have evaluated results, interpretations, and approaches using the streamer in the planning of an approximately 3-km-long underground tunnel in the city of Varberg in the southwestern Sweden. Prospective targets were imaging of the shallow (<20 m) bedrock surface and weak zones, such as fracture and shear zones. Over the course of three weeks, 25 profiles were acquired with a total length of approximately 7.5 km using a source and receiver spacing of 2-4 m. A novel approach of the data acquisition was to integrate the landstreamer with wireless sensors in areas in which the accessibility was restricted by roads and also to increase the source-receiver distances (offsets). Although the area was highly noisy, the seismic data, in conjunction with available boreholes, successfully led to delineation of the bedrock surface, its undulations, and areas of poor rock quality. To overcome challenges due to geologic complexities and crooked-line data acquisition, 3D tomographic inversion of first breaks was carried out. Comparisons of the results with the existing boreholes indicated that in most places, the bedrock surface was well resolved by the method, which supported the indication of weak zones in the bedrock, represented by low-velocity structures in the tomographic results. We also evaluated the effect of poor geodetic surveying, particularly regarding elevation data, which adulterated the tomography results toward undulating bedrock surfaces or zones of low velocities.
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| 28. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Reflection seismic investigations in the Dannemora area, central Sweden : insights into the geometry of polyphase deformation zones and magnetite-skarn deposits
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202 .- 2169-9313 .- 2169-9356. ; 116, s. B11307-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bergslagen region is one of the most ore prospective districts in Sweden. Presented here are results from two nearly 25 km long reflection seismic profiles crossing this region in the Dannemora mining area. The interpretations are constrained by seismic wave velocity measurements on a series of rock samples, cross-dip analysis, prestack time migration, and swath 3-D imaging, as well as by other available geophysical and geological observations. A series of major fault zones is imaged by the seismic data, as is a large mafic intrusion. However, the most prominent feature is a package of east-dipping reflectors found east of the Dannemora area that extend down to at least 3 km depth. This package is associated with a polyphase, ductile-brittle deformation zone with the latest ductile movement showing east-side-up or reverse kinematics. Its total vertical displacement is estimated to be in the order of 2.5 km. Also clearly imaged in the seismic data is a steeply dipping reflector near the Dannemora mine that extends down to a depth of at least 2.2 km. The geological nature of this reflector is not known, but it could represent either a fluid-bearing fault zone or a deep-seated iron deposit, making it an important target for further detailed geophysical and geological investigations.
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| 29. |
- Nayagam, Jeremy S, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal liver-related symptoms during pregnancy in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
- 2023
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Ingår i: JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology. - 2589-5559. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although worsening liver-related symptoms during pregnancy can occur in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), there are insufficient data to effectively counsel patients on their pre-conception risk and no clear recommendations on monitoring and management during pregnancy. We aimed to describe maternal liver-related symptoms in pregnancy, both before and after PSC diagnosis, and explore factors associated with worsening symptoms and liver-related outcomes.We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational study of females with PSC and known pregnancy with live birth, via the International PSC Study Group. We included 450 patients from 12 European centres. Data included clinical variables, liver-related symptoms (pruritus and/or cholangitis) during pregnancy, and liver biochemistry. A composite primary endpoint of transplant-free survival from time of PSC diagnosis was used.There were 266 pregnancies in 178 patients following PSC diagnosis. Worsening liver-related symptoms were reported in 66/228 (28.9%) pregnancies; they had a reduced transplant-free survival (p= 0.03), which retained significance on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% CI 1.24-7.35; p= 0.02).Abnormal biochemistry and/or liver-related symptoms (pruritus and/or cholangitis) were noted during pregnancy before PSC diagnosis in 21/167 (12.6%) patients. They had a reduced transplant-free survival from pregnancy (p= 0.01), which did not retain significance in a multivariable model (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 0.43-2.85; p= 0.84).Liver-related symptoms are frequently encountered during pregnancies before the diagnosis of PSC, and pregnancy may expose the pre-clinical phase of PSC in some patients. Worsening liver-related symptoms were seen in a third of our cohort with known PSC during pregnancy; and this subgroup had a poorer prognosis, which may be related to more advanced liver disease at time of pregnancy and/or a more severe disease phenotype.Patients with PSC can develop worsening of their liver-related symptoms during pregnancy; however, risk factors for this and the long-term implications are not known. We identified that there is a significant risk of these symptoms in pregnancy, both before and after PSC has been diagnosed, particularly in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, our findings suggest that worsening symptoms during pregnancy may be associated with adverse long-term clinical outcomes of liver transplantation and death in patients with known PSC. This may be related to the presence of more advanced liver disease at time of pregnancy. This information can be used to counsel patients with PSC before conception and identify patients who need close follow-up after delivery.
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| 30. |
- Quintino, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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GDNF-mediated rescue of the nigrostriatal system depends on the degree of degeneration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gene Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-7128 .- 1476-5462. ; 26:1-2, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a promising therapeutic molecule to treat Parkinson’s disease. Despite an excellent profile in experimental settings, clinical trials testing GDNF have failed. One of the theories to explain these negative outcomes is that the clinical trials were done in late-stage patients that have advanced nigrostriatal degeneration and may therefore not respond to a neurotrophic factor therapy. Based on this idea, we tested if the stage of nigrostriatal degeneration is important for GDNF-based therapies. Lentiviral vectors expressing regulated GDNF were delivered to the striatum of rats to allow GDNF expression to be turned on either while the nigrostriatal system was degenerating or after the nigrostriatal system had been fully lesioned by 6-OHDA. In the group of animals where GDNF expression was on during degeneration, neurons were rescued and there was a reversal of motor deficits. Turning GDNF expression on after the nigrostriatal system was lesioned did not rescue neurons or reverse motor deficits. In fact, these animals were indistinguishable from the control groups. Our results suggest that GDNF can reverse motor deficits and nigrostriatal pathology despite an ongoing nigrostriatal degeneration, if there is still a sufficient number of remaining neurons to respond to therapy.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Shan, Chunling, et al.
(författare)
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3D resistivity models from inversion of controlled source and radio-magnetotelluric (CSRMT) data at a quick-clay site in southwestern Sweden
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have collected 3D tensor Controlled Source- and RadioMagnetotelluric data at a quick-clay site in southwesternSweden with the aim to image the geological structures thathave given rise to retrogressive landslides in the area. The3D resistivity models show layering within the glacial andpost-glacial sediments including marine clay, quick-clayand coarser grain sands. Because of the smoothingregularization used in the inversion, the lateral and depthextents of the quick-clays cannot be determined just byusing the resistivity model. The depth to the top of theresistive crystalline bedrock is to some extent uncertain.However, the geometry of the sediments and bedrock seenin the 3D resistivity model correlates reasonably well withthe results from the high resolution reflection seismic datacollected along the same lines in the site. The results showthat the bedrock deepens towards the river in the northernpart of the site.
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| 33. |
- Shan, Chunling, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of controlled-source and radio-magnetotellurics, electrical resistivity tomography and reflection seismics to delineate 3D structures of a quick-clay landslide site in southwest Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Geophysics. - 0016-8033 .- 1942-2156. ; 81:1, s. B13-B29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Three-dimensional radio magnetotelluric (RMT), controlled-source radio magnetotelluric (CSRMT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and high-resolution reflection seismic data were acquired at a quick-clay landslide site close to the Göta River in southwest Sweden. These data were collected with the main objectives of evaluating the performance of each method and delineating different subsurface materials down to the bedrock, which in turn control a peculiar and hazardous retrogressive-type landslide. These materials consist of mainly marine clays, quick clays, sand to gravel and the crystalline bedrock. The RMT, CSRMT and ERT data were inverted separately using 3D inversion schemes and the independent results from 3D processing of reflection seismic data together with the existing geotechnical data were used for their interpretations. The 3D CSRMT resistivity model shows the highest depth penetration and well resolves the geometry of the bedrock. The RMT and ERT models, however, show better resolution closer to the surface because of their denser data coverage compared with the CSRMT data. Considerable correlations in resolving a coarse-grained layer and the bedrock were observed between the CSRMT model and the 3D reflection seismic data. Because an Occam-type regularization was used in the inversion, the lateral and depth extent of the quick clays cannot accurately be determined just by using the resistivity models. The depth to the top of the resistive crystalline bedrock is to some extent uncertain. Comparisons with the borehole data suggest that the resistivity models are poor in resolving the sharp boundary between the quick clays and their underlying more resistive coarse-grained materials. The upper boundary of the more conductive marine clays underlain by the coarse-grain materials was well modeled by the CSRMT data. This study illustrates the potentials of 3D geophysical data especially when different types are collected and particularly for better site characterizations.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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The human secretome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 12:609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood.
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| 36. |
- Voisin, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Many obesity-associated SNPs strongly associate with DNA methylation changes at proximal promoters and enhancers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The mechanisms by which genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified in genome-wide association studies act to influence body mass remain unknown for most of these SNPs, which continue to puzzle the scientific community. Recent evidence points to the epigenetic and chromatin states of the genome as having important roles. Methods: We genotyped 355 healthy young individuals for 52 known obesity-associated SNPs and obtained DNA methylation levels in their blood using the Illumina 450 K BeadChip. Associations between alleles and methylation at proximal cytosine residues were tested using a linear model adjusted for age, sex, weight category, and a proxy for blood cell type counts. For replication in other tissues, we used two open-access datasets (skin fibroblasts, n = 62; four brain regions, n = 121-133) and an additional dataset in subcutaneous and visceral fat (n = 149). Results: We found that alleles at 28 of these obesity-associated SNPs associate with methylation levels at 107 proximal CpG sites. Out of 107 CpG sites, 38 are located in gene promoters, including genes strongly implicated in obesity (MIR148A, BDNF, PTPMT1, NR1H3, MGAT1, SCGB3A1, HOXC12, PMAIP1, PSIP1, RPS10-NUDT3, RPS10, SKOR1, MAP2K5, SIX5, AGRN, IMMP1L, ELP4, ITIH4, SEMA3G, POMC, ADCY3, SSPN, LGR4, TUFM, MIR4721, SULT1A1, SULT1A2, APOBR, CLN3, SPNS1, SH2B1, ATXN2L, and IL27). Interestingly, the associated SNPs are in known eQTLs for some of these genes. We also found that the 107 CpGs are enriched in enhancers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, our results indicate that some of these associations are not blood-specific as we successfully replicated four associations in skin fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that many obesity-associated SNPs are associated with proximal gene regulation, which was reflected by association of obesity risk allele genotypes with differential DNA methylation. This study highlights the importance of DNA methylation and other chromatin marks as a way to understand the molecular basis of genetic variants associated with human diseases and traits.
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| 37. |
- Walander, Magnus, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Use of 3D-printed mixers in laboratory reactor design for modelling of heterogeneous catalytic converters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering and Processing. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0255-2701 .- 1873-3204. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for identifying radial concentration maldistribution in synthetic catalyst activity test (SCAT) benches, is presented, where spatially resolved concentration measurements are not available. The developed methodology was successfully tested for an injection-based SCAT. To resolve the radial concentration maldistribution a static mixer was designed, 3D-printed and inserted upstream the test sample. The methodology could also prove the effectiveness of the mixer, which did not only resolve the concentration maldistribution but also avoided causing reaction disturbances. The resulting increased axial dispersion from the turbulence created by the static mixer was evaluated using a 3D CFD model in Ansys Fluent 19. The axial dispersion of the injection-based SCAT bench was compared to a premixed SCAT bench through classical Aris-Taylor calculations. The results from the axial dispersion calculations show that the injection-based design with the use of a static mixer is far superior to the premixed design – both with regards to pulse broadening but also time delay. This is highly desirable for modelling studies towards zero emission exhaust aftertreatment. © 2021 The Authors
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