| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings, 9th International Workshop, Venice, Italy, March 6-9, 2001. Vol. 1, 2. ; , s. 569-580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Al-Saadi, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Endovascular transplantation of mRNA-enhanced mesenchymal stromal cells results in superior therapeutic protein expression in swine heart
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2399-6951 .- 2329-0501. ; 32:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart failure has a poor prognosis and no curative treatment exists. Clinical trials are investigating gene- and cell-based therapies to improve cardiac function. The safe and efficient delivery of these therapies to solid organs is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of using an endovascular intramyocardial delivery approach to safely administer mRNA drug products and perform cell transplantation procedures in swine. Using a trans-vessel wall (TW) device, we delivered chemically modified mRNAs (modRNA) and mRNA-enhanced mesenchymal stromal cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) directly to the heart. We monitored and mapped the cellular distribution, protein expression, and safety tolerability of such an approach. The delivery of modRNA-enhanced cells via the TW device with different flow rates and cell concentrations marginally affect cell viability and protein expression in situ. Implanted cells were found within the myocardium for at least 3 days following administration, without the use of immunomodulation and minimal impact on tissue integrity. Finally, we could increase the protein expression of VEGF-A over 500-fold in the heart using a cell-mediated modRNA delivery system compared with modRNA delivered in saline solution. Ultimately, this method paves the way for future research to pioneer new treatments for cardiac disease.
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| 4. |
- Anderson, Beverley H., et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in CTC1, encoding conserved telomere maintenance component 1, cause Coats plus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:3, s. 338-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coats plus is a highly pleiotropic disorder particularly affecting the eye, brain, bone and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we show that Coats plus results from mutations in CTC1, encoding conserved telomere maintenance component 1, a member of the mammalian homolog of the yeast heterotrimeric CST telomeric capping complex. Consistent with the observation of shortened telomeres in an Arabidopsis CTC1 mutant and the phenotypic overlap of Coats plus with the telomeric maintenance disorders comprising dyskeratosis congenita, we observed shortened telomeres in three individuals with Coats plus and an increase in spontaneous gamma H2AX-positive cells in cell lines derived from two affected individuals. CTC1 is also a subunit of the alpha-accessory factor (AAF) complex, stimulating the activity of DNA polymerase-alpha primase, the only enzyme known to initiate DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Thus, CTC1 may have a function in DNA metabolism that is necessary for but not specific to telomeric integrity.
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| 5. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, B.O.M., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the main cutting force at and near a cutting edge
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 51:1, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is a study of how various parameters affect the cutting forces at, and near a cutting edge when cutting wood at full speed and with all cutting edges of the tool. Statistical methods from experimental results are used to develop a model
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| 7. |
- Backén, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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A novel software defined research receiver architecture
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th IAIN World Congress. - : Nordic Institute of Navigation.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software defined receivers (SDR) are an increasingly important tool within the GNSS research community as the high level of flexibility offer a significant advantage over traditional hardware implementations. Over the last decade, software receivers have been used to investigate techniques as diverse as bi-static radar (additional correlators), multipath mitigation techniques, GPS/INS integration and array processing.Mentioned above are only a few examples of features that could be required of an SDR, other include support for new signals (Galileo, GPS L5), multiple data file formats, high sensitivity and support for very long data sets. The large number of available features should ideally be coupled with program simplicity (such that other people can understand the program) and efficiency. This paper discusses these issues and proposes several solutions such asgeneralized data buffers (that is trivial to extend for new data formats) and a unified tracking structure (regardless of signal modulation). Examples are given using a Matlab implementation based on the Borre/Akos book Ä Software-Defined GPS and Galileo Receiver", however with significant modifications. Where critical, Java is used to increase performance while maintaining cross platform compatibility. Near real-time operation is available under optimal circumstances and the receiver currently supports GPS C/A- and GPS P-code signals.
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| 8. |
- Backén, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Post-processing dynamic GNSS antenna array calibration and deterministic beamforming
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation. ; , s. 1311-1319
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An array processing GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver may provide increased accuracy, reliability and integrity by forming beams towards satellites and nulls towards interference or reflective surfaces. Also, software defined receivers have proven themselves versatile and provide a convenient environment to implement novel algorithms.This paper first describes the gain/phase calibration of a seven element custom array antenna and proceeds to compare the single antenna performance to that of the performance attained by forming beams towards the satellites. IF (Intermediate Frequency) data, high rate samples representing the received signal in a narrow band around the GPS L1 frequency, from an array antenna have been recorded both in an environment with open sky conditions and also in more challenging areas (central Boulder, Colorado). Simultaneously, data from a high quality GPS based INS was recorded in order to obtain accurate estimates of position/ orientation. Calibration of the system (including antennas and front-ends) was performed using data from the benign environment, and based on this information, deterministic beams were formed towards the satellites using data from the semi-urban dataset. The single antenna accuracy was then compared to the position obtained by processing after forming beams.
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| 9. |
- Bajic, Dragan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Incomplete hippocampal inversion-is there a relation to epilepsy?
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 19:10, s. 2544-2550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) has been described in patients with epilepsy or severe midline malformations but also in nonepileptic subjects without obvious developmental anomalies. We studied the frequency of IHI in different epilepsy syndromes to evaluate their relationship. Three hundred patients were drawn from the regional epilepsy register. Of these, 99 were excluded because of a disease or condition affecting the temporal lobes or incomplete data. Controls were 150 subjects without epilepsy or obvious intracranial developmental anomalies. The coronal MR images were analysed without knowledge of the clinical data. Among epilepsy patients, 30% had IHI (40 left-sided, 4 right-sided, 16 bilateral). Of controls, 18% had IHI (20 left-sided, 8 bilateral). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, 25% had IHI, which was not a significantly higher frequency than in controls (P = 0.34). There was no correlation between EEG and IHI laterality. A total of 44% of Rolandic epilepsy patients and 57% of cryptogenic generalised epilepsy patients had IHI. The IHI frequency was very high in some epileptic syndromes, but not significantly higher in TLE compared to controls. No causality between TLE and IHI could be found. IHI can be a sign of disturbed cerebral development affecting other parts of the brain, maybe leading to epilepsy.
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| 10. |
- Bajic, Dragan, et al.
(författare)
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Incomplete inversion of the hippocampus : a common developmental anomaly
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 18:1, s. 138-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incomplete inversion of the hippocampus, an imperfect fetal development, has been described in patients with epilepsy or severe midline malformations. We studied this condition in a nonepileptic population without obvious developmental anomalies. We analyzed the coronal MR images of 50 women and 50 men who did not have epilepsy. Twenty of them were healthy volunteers and 80 were patients without obvious intracranial developmental anomalies, intracranial masses, hydrocephalus or any condition affecting the temporal lobes. If the entire hippocampus (the head could not be evaluated) were affected, the incomplete inversion was classified as total, otherwise as partial. Incomplete inversion of the hippocampus was found in 19/100 subjects (9 women, 10 men). It was unilateral, always on the left side, in 13 subjects (4 women, 9 men): 9 were of the total type, 4 were partial. It was bilateral in six subjects (five women, one man): four subjects had total types bilaterally, two had a combination of total and partial types. The collateral sulcus was vertically oriented in all subjects with a deviating hippocampal shape. We conclude that incomplete inversion of the hippocampus is not an unusual morphologic variety in a nonepileptic population without other obvious intracranial developmental anomalies.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Boss, John, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression in the brain of a migratory songbird during breeding and migration
- 2016
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Ingår i: Movement Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-3933. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We still have limited knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms that enable migrating species of birds to navigate the globe. Here we make an attempt to get insight into the genetic architecture controlling this complex innate behaviour. We contrast the gene expression profiles of two closely related songbird subspecies with divergent migratory phenotypes. In addition to comparing differences in migratory strategy we include a temporal component and contrast patterns between breeding adults and autumn migrating juvenile birds of both subspecies. The two willow warbler subspecies, Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and P. t. acredula, are remarkably similar both in phenotype and genotype and have a narrow contact zone in central Scandinavia. Here we used a microarray gene chip representing 23,136 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata to identify mRNA level differences in willow warbler brain tissue in relation to subspecies and season.RESULTS: Out of the 22,109 EST probe sets that remained after filtering poorly binding probes, we found 11,898 (51.8 %) probe sets that could be reliably and uniquely matched to a total of 6,758 orthologous zebra finch genes. The two subspecies showed very similar levels of gene expression with less than 0.1 % of the probe sets being significantly differentially expressed. In contrast, 3,045 (13.8 %) probe sets were found to be differently regulated between samples collected from breeding adults and autumn migrating juvenile birds. The genes found to be differentially expressed between seasons appeared to be enriched for functional roles in neuronal firing and neuronal synapse formation.CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that only few genes are differentially expressed between the subspecies. This suggests that the different migration strategies of the subspecies might be governed by few genes, or that the expression patterns of those genes are time-structured or tissue-specific in ways, which our approach fails to uncover. Our findings will be useful in the planning of new experiments designed to unravel the genes involved in the migratory program of birds.
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| 13. |
- Burtseva, Evgeniya, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Multi–dimensional Hardy type inequalities in Hölder spaces
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Inequalities. - Zagreb : Element D.O.O.. - 1846-579X .- 1848-9575. ; 12:3, s. 719-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most Hardy type inequalities concern boundedness of the Hardy type operators in Lebesgue spaces. In this paper we prove some new multi-dimensional Hardy type inequalities in Hölder spaces.
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| 14. |
- Burtseva, Evgeniya, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Potential type operators in PDEs and their applications
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP Publishing. - 0094-243X .- 1551-7616. ; 1798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove the boundedness of Potential operator in weighted generalized Morrey space in terms of Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of weights and apply this result to the Hemholtz equation in r3 with a free term in such a space. We also give a short overview of some typical situations when Potential type operators arise when solving PDEs.
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| 15. |
- Caballero-Lopez, Violeta, et al.
(författare)
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Transposable elements mark a repeat-rich region associated with migratory phenotypes of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 31:4, s. 1128-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic basis of bird migration has been the focus of several studies. Two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and Phylloscopus trochilus acredula) follow different migratory routes to wintering grounds in Africa. Their breeding populations overlap in contact areas or “migratory divides” located in central Scandinavia and in eastern Poland. Earlier analyses demonstrated that the genetic differences between these two migratory phenotypes are few and cluster on chromosomes 1 and 5. In addition, an amplified fragment length polymorphism-derived biallelic marker (known as WW2) presents steep clines across both migratory divides but failed to be mapped in the genome. Here, we characterize the WW2 marker and describe its two variants (WW2 ancestral and WW2 derived) as portions of long terminal repeat retrotransposons originating from an ancient infection by an endogenous retrovirus. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques to quantify copy numbers of the WW2 derived variant in the two subspecies and their hybrids. This, together with genome analyses revealed that WW2 derived variants are much more abundant in P. t. acredula and appear embedded in a large repeat-rich region (>12 Mbp), not associated with the divergent regions of chromosomes 1 or 5. However, it might interact with genetic elements controlling migration direction. Testing this hypothesis further will require knowing the exact location of this region, such as by obtaining more complete genome assemblies preferably in combination with techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization applied to a willow warbler karyotype, and finally to investigate the copy number of this marker in hybrids with known migratory tracks.
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| 16. |
- Chireh, Arvin, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-biopsy for detection of gene expression changes in ischemic swine myocardium : A pilot study
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:4, s. e0250582-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro-endomyocardial biopsy (micro-EMB) is a novel catheter-based biopsy technique, aiming to increase flexibility and safety compared to conventional EMB. The technique was developed and evaluated in healthy swine. Therefore, the ability to detect disease related tissue changes could not be evaluated. The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the ability to detect disease related gene expression changes using micro-EMB. Myocardial infarction was induced in three swine by coronary artery balloon occlusion. Micro-EMB samples (n = 164) were collected before, during, and after occlusion. RNA-sequencing was performed on 85 samples, and 53 of these were selected for bioinformatic analysis. A large number of responding genes was detected from the infarcted area (n = 1911). The early responding genes (n = 1268) were mostly related to apoptosis and inflammation. There were fewer responding genes two days after infarction (n = 6), which were related to extra-cellular matrix changes, and none after 14 days. In contrast to the infarcted area, samples harvested from a non-infarcted myocardial region showed considerably fewer regulated genes (n = 33). Deconvolution analysis, to estimate the proportion of different cell types, revealed a higher proportion of fibroblasts and a reduced proportion of cardiomyocytes two days after occlusion compared to baseline (p < 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively. S5 File). In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates the capabilities of micro-EMB to detect local gene expression responses at an early stage after ischemia, but not at later timepoints.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Delmore, Kira E, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analysis examining patterns of genomic differentiation across multiple episodes of population divergence in birds
- 2018
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Ingår i: Evolution letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2056-3744. ; 2:2, s. 76-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneous patterns of genomic differentiation are commonly documented between closely related populations and there is considerable interest in identifying factors that contribute to their formation. These factors could include genomic features (e.g., areas of low recombination) that promote processes like linked selection (positive or purifying selection that affects linked neutral sites) at specific genomic regions. Examinations of repeatable patterns of differentiation across population pairs can provide insight into the role of these factors. Birds are well suited for this work, as genome structure is conserved across this group. Accordingly, we reestimated relative (FST ) and absolute (dXY ) differentiation between eight sister pairs of birds that span a broad taxonomic range using a common pipeline. Across pairs, there were modest but significant correlations in window-based estimates of differentiation (up to 3% of variation explained for FST and 26% for dXY ), supporting a role for processes at conserved genomic features in generating heterogeneous patterns of differentiation; processes specific to each episode of population divergence likely explain the remaining variation. The role genomic features play was reinforced by linear models identifying several genomic variables (e.g., gene densities) as significant predictors of FST and dXY repeatability. FST repeatability was higher among pairs that were further along the speciation continuum (i.e., more reproductively isolated) providing further insight into how genomic differentiation changes with population divergence; early stages of speciation may be dominated by positive selection that is different between pairs but becomes integrated with processes acting according to shared genomic features as speciation proceeds.
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| 19. |
- Eeg-Olofsson, Orvar, et al.
(författare)
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MRI in rolandic epilepsy
- 2000
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Ingår i: Epileptic disorders. - 1294-9361. ; 2:Suppl 1, s. S51-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hippocampal and/or white matter abnormalities have been found on the MRIs in 10/18 children with typical rolandic epilepsy. The etiology of the first-mentioned is not evident, whereas the latter may be a result of a maturational delay involving a defective myelination. Both abnormalities may cause cognitive dysfunction. In order to get a better understanding of rolandic epilepsy both MRI and neuropsychological studies are wanted in groups of children with typical rolandic seizures with and without rolandic sharp waves, as well as in groups of children with typical rolandic sharp waves and atypical seizures.
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| 20. |
- Eriksson, Lisbeth, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Folkbildning för förändring : Dilemman i politiskt mobiliserande didaktik
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok är skriven av en grupp forskare, som på olika sätt studerat olika aspekter av folkbildning. I sitt arbete har var och en blivit förtrogen med de begrepp och företeelser som vi här riktar ljuset på. Via ett anslag från Vetenskapsrådets Utbildningsvetenskapliga kommitté har vi kunnat samlas kring ett gemensamt tema, som vi valt att kalla mobiliseringsdidaktik. Begreppet är knappast etablerat, men vi har funnit att didaktikens frågor kan vara fruktbara även i ett sådant här sammanhang - den slags folkbildning som siktar på samhällsförändring. Projektet utgör även ett försök att se didaktiska val som dilemman. Boken har tagit formen av en antologi, där varje författare svarar för de empiriska fall som de studerat och de begreppsliga resonemang som präglat deras perspektiv. På så sätt uppstår en variation i tänkande inom ramen för det gemensamma: didaktik, design och dilemma.Författarna
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Folkbildning för förändring : Dilemman i politiskt mobiliserande didaktik
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok är skriven av en grupp forskare, som på olika sätt studerat olika aspekter av folkbildning. I sitt arbete har var och en blivit förtrogen med de begrepp och företeelser, som vi här riktar ljuset på. Via ett anslag från Vetenskapsrådets Utbildningsvetenskapliga kommitté har vi kunnat samlas kring ett gemensamt tema, som vi valt att kalla mobiliseringsdidaktik. Begreppet är knappast etablerat, men vi har funnit att didaktikens frågor kan vara fruktbara även i ett sådant här sammanhang - den slags folkbildning, som siktar på samhällsförändring. Projektet utgör även ett försök att se didaktiska val som dilemman. Boken har tagit formen av en antologi, där varje författare svarar för de empiriska fall som de studerat och de begreppsliga resonemang, som präglat deras perspektiv. På så sätt uppstår en variation i tänkande inom ramen för det gemensamma: didaktik, design och dilemma.Författarna
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Euler, Marianna, et al.
(författare)
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Reciprocal Bäcklund transformations of autonomous evolution equations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Theoretical and mathematical physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0040-5779 .- 1573-9333. ; 159:3, s. 770-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the construction of reciprocal Bäcklund transformations for evolution equations using integrating factors of zeroth and higher orders with their corresponding conservation laws. As an example, we consider the Harry Dym equation and the Schwarzian KdV equation.
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| 24. |
- Gursoy, Arzu, et al.
(författare)
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The use of molecular diagnostics to infer migration directions of Willow Warblers in the southeast Baltic
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Ornithology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-7192 .- 2193-7206. ; 158:3, s. 737-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus, Linnaeus, 1758) is a long distance migrant and one of the most common breeding birds in the Western Palearctic. Its migratory directions have been studied in detail in Scandinavia where a narrow migratory divide is located around 62°30′ N that separates southern SW migrating Phylloscopus t. trochilus from SSE migrating Phylloscopus t. acredula. The shape and location of the migratory divide in the countries south and east of the Baltic Sea is less well understood. In this study we explored the geographic origin and migratory phenotype of the Willow Warbler during breeding and migration at Rybachy, Kaliningrad, Russia. The sampling was divided into three periods: breeding (1–9 July), early autumn migration (25–31 August), and late autumn migration (1–17 September). The birds were genotyped at two bi-allelic loci (AFLP-WW1 and AFLP-WW2) and the results were compared to genotypes from several reference breeding populations from around the Baltic Sea. Samples from the breeding and early migration periods were dominated by genotypes associated with SW-migrating trochilus. However, several intermediate genotypes were also present among breeding birds suggesting that this area overlaps the hybrid zone extending from territories south of the Baltic Sea. During late migration, birds carried genotypes that are common among north Scandinavian Willow Warblers that apparently pass Rybachy on their migration SSE to wintering areas in tropical East and South Africa.
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| 25. |
- Gustavsson, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Societies of Computation (SoC). A Framework for Open Distributed systems-phase II:1995-98
- 1995
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research program Societies of Computation (SoC) at the IDE department of HK/R has been in operation since more than one year [ 11, [2]. The SoC framework takes a Multi Agent System (MAS) approach when addressing issues in open distributed computing. The results so far are very promising and will shortly be outlined below. Assessment of those results combined by results and ideas from the international research society as well as needs from enterprises are background material for our next phase. The goals and expected results from this phase is briefly discussed in following sections. The research group, performing activities in the SoC framework, has been formed during the first phase of the project, and has at present the following active members: Rune Gustavsson, professor and principal investigator, Hans Akkermans, professor at Twente University and guest researcher, Eric Astor, Ph.D., University of Lund, Olle Lindeberg, Ph.L., HK/R, Staffan Hagg, Ph.L., HK/R, Fredrik Ygge, MSc., HK/R and Sydkraft, Barcin Kozbe, M.Sc., Ericsson Infocom Christer Lundberg, M.Sc, University College of Kalmar, Bengt Carlsson, M.Sc., University of Lund Occasionally also other researchers at IDE are involved in shorter R&D activities conducted under the SoC umbrella. Applications developed in SoC have also been sources for several projects performed by undergra-duate students, during the fiscal year of 1994-95 about 12 person years, from several undergraduate programs. Those activities of the SoC program have mainly been performed within the center SIKT. SIKT, Society Information and Knowledge Technologies, is a recently formed center at HK/R. The key industrial partner up to this point has been Sydkraft AB. The project Intelligent Distribution Automation (IDA) at Sydkraft has been a valuable partner for developing applications and assessing results. Ronneby Energi AB (REAB) and Affarsverken i Karlskrona AB are also actively supporting our R&D. The project Communication and Distributed Computing for Efficient Management of Energy Systems, supported by governmental agencies, has been instrumental for introducing and assessing MAS technologies in the Swedish research society as well as to Swedish industry.
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| 26. |
- Janszky, Imre, et al.
(författare)
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Early-Onset Depression, Anxiety, and Risk of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease : 37-Year Follow-Up of 49,321 Young Swedish Men
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 56:1, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term cardiac effects of depression and anxiety assessed at a young age, when reverse causation is not feasible. Background Most prospective studies found a relatively strong association between depression and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD). However, almost exclusively, only middle-age or older participants were examined, and subclinical atherosclerosis might contribute to the observed association. The prospective association between anxiety and CHD was less evident in previous studies and has been subjected to similar methodological concerns on the possibility for a reverse causation. Methods In a nationwide survey, 49,321 young Swedish men, 18 to 20 years of age, were medically examined for military service in 1969 and 1970. All the conscripts were seen by a psychologist for a structured interview. Conscripts reporting or presenting any psychiatric symptoms were seen by psychiatrists. Depression and anxiety was diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases-8th Revision (ICD-8). Data on well-established CHD risk factors and potential confounders were also collected (i.e., anthropometrics, diabetes, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic position, family history of CHD, and geographic area). Participants were followed for CHD and for acute myocardial infarction for 37 years. Results Multiadjusted hazard ratios associated with depression were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70 to 1.54), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.65 to 1.65), for CHD and for acute myocardial infarction, respectively. The corresponding multiadjusted hazard ratios for anxiety were 2.17 (95% CI: 1.28 to 3.67) and 2.51 (95% CI: 1.38 to 4.55). Conclusions In men, aged 18 to 20 years, anxiety as diagnosed by experts according to ICD-8 criteria independently predicted subsequent CHD events. In contrast, we found no support for such an effect concerning early-onset depression in men. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 31-7) (C) 2010 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Jonsson, Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Terrestrial discharges mediate trophic shifts and enhance methylmercury accumulation in estuarine biota
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American association for the advancement of science. - 2375-2548. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The input of mercury (Hg) to ecosystems is estimated to have increased two- to fivefold during the industrial era, and Hg accumulates in aquatic biota as neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg). Escalating anthropogenic land use and climate change are expected to alter the input rates of terrestrial natural organic matter (NOM) and nutrients to aquatic ecosystems. For example, climate change has been projected to induce 10 to 50% runoff increases for large coastal regions globally. A major knowledge gap is the potential effects on MeHg exposure to biota following these ecosystem changes. We monitored the fate of five enriched Hg isotope tracers added to mesocosm scale estuarine model ecosystems subjected to varying loading rates of nutrients and terrestrial NOM. We demonstrate that increased terrestrial NOM input to the pelagic zone can enhance the MeHg bioaccumulation factor in zooplankton by a factor of 2 to 7 by inducing a shift in the pelagic food web from autotrophic to heterotrophic. The terrestrial NOM input also enhanced the retention of MeHg in the water column by up to a factor of 2, resulting in further increased MeHg exposure to pelagic biota. Using mercury mass balance calculations, we predict that MeHg concentration in zooplankton can increase by a factor of 3 to 6 in coastal areas following scenarios with 15 to 30% increased terrestrial runoff. The results demonstrate the importance of incorporating the impact of climate-induced changes in food web structure on MeHg bioaccumulation in future biogeochemical cycling models and risk assessments of Hg.
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| 29. |
- Larson, Keith W., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Allelic Variation in a Willow Warbler Genomic Region Is Associated with Climate Clines
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local adaptation is an important process contributing to population differentiation which can occur in continuous or isolated populations connected by various amounts of gene flow. The willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) is one of the most common songbirds in Fennoscandia. It has a continuous breeding distribution where it is found in all forested habitats from sea level to the tree line and therefore constitutes an ideal species for the study of locally adapted genes associated with environmental gradients. Previous studies in this species identified a genetic marker (AFLP-WW1) that showed a steep north-south cline in central Sweden with one allele associated with coastal lowland habitats and the other with mountainous habitats. It was further demonstrated that this marker is embedded in a highly differentiated chromosome region that spans several megabases. In the present study, we sampled 2,355 individuals at 128 sites across all of Fennoscandia to study the geographic and climatic variables associated with the allele frequency distributions of WW1. Our results demonstrate that 1) allele frequency patterns significantly differ between mountain and lowland populations, 2) these allele differences coincide with extreme temperature conditions and the short growing season in the mountains, and milder conditions in coastal areas, and 3) the northern-allele or "altitude variant" of WW1 occurs in willow warblers that occupy mountainous habitat regardless of subspecies. Finally these results suggest that climate may exert selection on the genomic region associated with these alleles and would allow us to develop testable predictions for the distribution of the genetic marker based on climate change scenarios.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Liedvogel, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Zoology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-9994. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (delta N-15) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results: Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and delta N-15 between social mates. Conclusion: This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide.
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| 33. |
- Lilja, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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High-doses of anti-inflammatory drugs compromise muscle strength and hypertrophic adaptations to resistance training in young adults.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 222:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study tested the hypothesis that high doses of anti-inflammatory drugs would attenuate the adaptive response to resistance training compared with low doses.METHODS: Healthy men and women (aged 18-35 years) were randomly assigned to daily consumption of ibuprofen (IBU; 1200 mg; n=15) or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 75 mg; n=16) for 8 weeks. During this period, subjects completed supervised knee-extensor resistance training where one leg was subjected to training with maximal volitional effort in each repetition using a flywheel ergometer (FW), while the other leg performed conventional (work-matched across groups) weight-stack training (WS). Before and after training, muscle volume (MRI) and strength were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for gene and protein expression of muscle growth regulators.RESULTS: The increase in m. quadriceps volume was similar between FW and WS, yet was (averaged across legs) greater in ASA (7.5%) compared with IBU (3.7%, group difference 34 cm(3) ; P=0.029). In the WS leg, muscle strength improved similarly (11-20%) across groups. In the FW leg, increases (10-23%) in muscle strength were evident in both groups yet they were generally greater (interaction effects P<0.05) for ASA compared with IBU. While our molecular analysis revealed several training effects, the only group interaction (P<0.0001) arose from a down-regulated mRNA expression of IL-6 in IBU.CONCLUSION: Maximal over-the-counter doses of ibuprofen attenuate strength and muscle hypertrophic adaptations to 8 weeks of resistance training in young adults. Thus, young individuals using resistance training to maximise muscle growth or strength should avoid excessive intake of anti-inflammatory drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Livingston, John H, et al.
(författare)
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Leukoencephalopathy with Calcifications and Cysts : A Purely Neurological Disorder Distinct from Coats Plus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 45:3, s. 175-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective With the identification of mutations in the conserved telomere maintenance component 1 (CTC1) gene as the cause of Coats plus (CP) disease, it has become evident that leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC) is a distinct genetic entity. Patients and Methods A total of 15 patients with LCC were identified from our database of patients with intracranial calcification. The clinical and radiological features are described. Results The median age (range) at presentation was 10 months (range, 2 days-54 years). Of the 15 patients, 9 presented with epileptic seizures, 5 with motor abnormalities, and 1 with developmental delay. Motor abnormalities developed in 14 patients and cognitive problems in 13 patients. Dense calcification occurred in the basal ganglia, thalami, dentate nucleus, brain stem, deep gyri, deep white matter, and in a pericystic distribution. Diffuse leukoencephalopathy was present in all patients, and it was usually symmetrical involving periventricular, deep, and sometimes subcortical, regions. Cysts developed in the basal ganglia, thalamus, deep white matter, cerebellum, or brain stem. In unaffected areas, normal myelination was present. No patient demonstrated cerebral atrophy. Conclusion LCC shares the neuroradiological features of CP. However, LCC is a purely neurological disorder distinguished genetically by the absence of mutations in CTC1. The molecular cause(s) of LCC has (have) not yet been determined.
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| 38. |
- Lourenço Dos Santos, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative proteome alterations during skeletal muscle ageing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2317. ; 5, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sarcopenia corresponds to the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength associated with ageing and leads to a progressive impairment of mobility and quality of life. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not completely understood. A hallmark of cellular and tissular ageing is the accumulation of oxidatively modified (carbonylated) proteins, leading to a decreased quality of the cellular proteome that could directly impact on normal cellular functions. Although increased oxidative stress has been reported during skeletal muscle ageing, the oxidized protein targets, also referred as to the 'oxi-proteome' or 'carbonylome', have not been characterized yet. To better understand the mechanisms by which these damaged proteins build up and potentially affect muscle function, proteins targeted by these modifications have been identified in human rectus abdominis muscle obtained from young and old healthy donors using a bi-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic approach coupled with immunodetection of carbonylated proteins. Among evidenced protein spots, 17 were found as increased carbonylated in biopsies from old donors comparing to young counterparts. These proteins are involved in key cellular functions such as cellular morphology and transport, muscle contraction and energy metabolism. Importantly, impairment of these pathways has been described in skeletal muscle during ageing. Functional decline of these proteins due to irreversible oxidation may therefore impact directly on the above-mentioned pathways, hence contributing to the generation of the sarcopenic phenotype.
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| 39. |
- Lundberg, Erik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Association between occurrence of urinary bladder cancer and treatment with statin medication
- 2019
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Ingår i: Turkish Journal of Urology. - : AVES Publishing Co.. - 2149-3235 .- 2149-3057. ; 45:2, s. 97-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The incidence of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) has increased in Sweden despite decreased smoking, indicating that other factors might be associated. The increased use of statin medication for elevated blood lipids might be one such influencing factor. The aim of the present study was to assess whether statins are afflicted with an increased incidence of UBC. Material and methods: Data from the Swedish National Register of Urinary Bladder Cancer, National Population Register, and Swedish Prescribed Drug Register were extracted. There were 22,936 patients with new diagnosed UBC between 2005 and 2014. Statin prescription was defined as any medication prescribed with the Anatomical Therapeutic Classification code C10A. For each patient, 10 control individuals were matched by age, gender, and living area, comprising 229,326 individuals. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate the hazards ratios. Results: Statins were more frequently used in patients with UBC (33.8%) than in controls (29.8%, p<0.0001). The use of statins was afflicted with a 23% increased odds ratio (OR) for UBC (OR 1.23 (1.19-1.27), p<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that an increased OR was found in non-muscle invasive UBC only. There was a tendency that OR was stronger for men and for younger patients. Limitations include its retrospective register- based design and potential risk of bias of confounding factors, such as smoking and body mass index. Conclusion: This nationwide register study suggests an association between the occurrence of UBC and patients using statins. The association was found in patients with non-muscle invasive disease only. Confounding factors, such as smoking, cannot be overruled.
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| 40. |
- Lundberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Access to the brain parenchyma using endovascular techniques and a micro-working channel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery. - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 126:2, s. 511-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Several older studies report a low risk for parenchymal access to the CNS by surgical techniques. In more recent studies, including those with post-puncture CT scans, there are indications that the risk of bleeding might approach 8%. New therapies, such as those that use viral vectors, modified mRNA, or cell transplantation, will probably warrant more parenchymal access to the CNS. Other minimally invasive routes might then be tempting to explore. This study was designed in 2 parts to address the possibility of using the endovascular route. The first aim was to test the ability to create a parenchymal micro-working channel to the CNS in macaque monkeys through the vessel wall. Second, the biocompatibility of a device-associated, detached, distal securing plug that was made of nitinol was investigated in swine for 1 year. METHODS Trans-vessel wall intervention in the middle cerebral artery and associated cerebral parenchyma was performed in 4 rhesus macaque monkeys using a full clinical angiography suite. A contrast agent and methylene blue were injected to test the working channel and then detached at the distal end to act as a securing plug through the vessel wall. One-year follow-ups were also performed using angiography and histological analysis in 10 swine with 24 implants that were distributed in the external carotid artery tree. RESULTS The cerebral interventions were performed without acute bleeding. Both the contrast agent and methylene blue were infused into the brain parenchyma and subarachnoidal space via the endovascular micro-working channel (7 injections in 4 animals). In the 1-year follow-up period, the implant that was left in the external carotid vessel wall in the swine was covered by the endothelium, which was followed by dislodgement just outside the blood vessel with thin capsule formation. No stenosis in the artery was detected on 1-year angiography. The animals showed normal behavior and blood sample results during the follow-up period. This is the first histological demonstration of nitinol biocompatibility when the implant is positioned through an arterial wall and indicates that the trans-vessel wall technique is not comparable with stent placement and its ability to induce intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the trans-vessel wall technique is applicable to brain intervention in macaque monkeys, providing a micro-working channel for delivery or sampling. The long-term follow-up study of the detached device in swine showed no clinical or biochemical complications and a normal angiography appearance.
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| 41. |
- Lundberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Long Term Follow-Up of the Endovascular Trans-Vessel Wall Technique for Parenchymal Access in Rabbit with Full Clinical Integration
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:8, s. e23328-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Endovascular techniques are providing options to surgical/percutaneous cell transplantation methods. Some cells, e. g. insulin producing cells, are not suitable for intra-luminal transplantation and for such cells, other options must be found. We have constructed a "nanocatheter'' with a penetrating tip for vessel perforation, thereby creating a working channel for parenchymal access by endovascular technique. To finish the procedure safely, the distal tip is detached to provide a securing plug in the vessel wall defect. Materials and Methods: We have performed interventions with full clinical integration in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the subclavian artery and the external carotid artery in rabbits. No hemorrhagic-or thromboembolic events occurred during the procedure. Stenosis formation and distal embolisation were analyzed by angiography and macroscopic inspection during autopsy at five, 30 and 80 days. All animals and implanted devices were also evaluated by micro-dissections and histochemical analysis. Results: In this study we show safety data on the trans-vessel wall technique by behavioral, angiographical and histological analysis. No stenosis formation was observed at any of the follow-up time points. No animals or organs have shown any signs of distress due to the intervention. Histological examination showed no signs of hemorrhage, excellent biocompatibility with no inflammation and a very limited fibrous capsule formation around the device, comparable to titanium implants. Further, no histological changes were detected in the endothelia of the vessels subject to intervention. Conclusions: The trans-vessel wall technique can be applied for e. g. cell transplantations, local substance administration and tissue sampling with low risk for complications during the procedure and low risk for hemorrhage, stenosis development or adverse tissue reactions with an 80 days follow-up time. The benefit should be greatest in organs that are difficult or risky to reach with surgical techniques, such as the pancreas, the CNS and the heart.
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| 42. |
- Lundberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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New Endovascular Method for Transvascular Exit of Arteries and Veins : Developed in Simulator, in Rat and in Rabbit with Full Clinical Integration
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:5, s. e10449-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Endovascular technique has benefits vis-a-vis surgical access to organs with less accessible anatomical locations. To minimize surgical risk we propose a novel endovascular technique, to create parenchymal access through endovascular methods. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have developed, manufactured and tested an endovascular catheter with a depth limiting collar and a penetrating tip that is used to perforate vessels, thereby creating a working channel to the extravascular space. Computer simulations and subsequent interventions have been performed ex vivo and in vivo in both small and large animals by testing different prototypes. All tests were designed for testing extravascular hemostasis and absence of thrombo-embolic complications when exiting the vessels from the inside to the extra vascular space. We have deposited prototypes after intervention in vascular walls over a period of 14 days in rat with no impairment on blood flow and no signs of thrombo-embolic complications upon re-exploration (n = 7). We have also incorporated the catheter system with clinically available systems both in an ex vivo simulator setting and in a full scale clinical angiographical setting in rabbit were no bleeding (0%) in any of the interventions performed (n = 40). To prevent hemorrhage during termination of the procedure, a hollow electrolysis detachment-zone leaves the distal tip in the vessel-wall after the intervention. This has also been tested with absolute hemostasis in large animals (n = 6). Conclusions/Significance: We have developed and tested a new system for transvascular tissue access in simulations, ex vivo and in vivo in small and large animals, integrating it with standard clinical catheters and angiographical environment, with absolute hemostasis and without thromboembolic complications. In a clinical setting for stem cell transplantation, local substance administration or tissue sampling, the benefit should be greatest in organs that are difficult or high-risk to access with other techniques, such as the pancreas, the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Lundberg, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of a transcriptome to find sequence differences between two differentially migrating subspecies of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus.
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Animal migration requires adaptations in morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. Several of these traits have been shown to possess a strong heritable component in birds, but little is known about their genetic architecture. Here we used 454 sequencing of brain-derived transcriptomes from two differentially migrating subspecies of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus to detect genes potentially underlying traits associated with migration.RESULTS: The transcriptome sequencing resulted in 1.8 million reads following filtering steps. Most of the reads (84%) were successfully mapped to the genome of the zebra finch Taeniopygia gutatta. The mapped reads were situated within at least 12,101 predicted zebra finch genes, with the greatest sequencing depth in exons. Reads that were mapped to intergenic regions were generally located close to predicted genes and possibly located in uncharacterized untranslated regions (UTRs). Out of 85,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a minimum sequencing depth of eight reads from each of two subspecies-specific pools, only 55 showed high differentiation, confirming previous studies showing that most of the genetic variation is shared between the subspecies. Validation of a subset of the most highly differentiated SNPs using Sanger sequencing demonstrated that several of them also were differentiated between an independent set of individuals of each subspecies. These SNPs were clustered in two chromosome regions that are likely to be influenced by divergent selection between the subspecies and that could potentially be associated with adaptations to their different migratory strategies.CONCLUSIONS: Our study represents the first large-scale sequencing analysis aiming at detecting genes underlying migratory phenotypes in birds and provides new candidates for genes potentially involved in migration.
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| 45. |
- Lundberg, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a divergent chromosome region in the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus using avian genomic resources.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of evolutionary biology. - : Wiley. - 1420-9101 .- 1010-061X. ; 24, s. 1241-1253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome scans have made it possible to find outlier markers thought to have been influenced by divergent selection in almost any wild population. However, the lack of genomic information in nonmodel species often makes it difficult to associate these markers with certain genes or chromosome regions. Furthermore, the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome will determine the density of markers required to identify the genes under selection. In this study, we investigated a chromosome region in the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus surrounding a single marker previously identified in a genome scan. We first located the marker in the assembled genome of another species, the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata, and amplified surrounding sequences in Fennoscandian willow warblers. Within an investigated chromosome region of 7.3 Mb as mapped to the zebra finch genome, we observed elevated genetic differentiation between a southern and a northern population across a 2.5-Mb interval comprising numerous coding genes. Within the southern and northern populations, higher values of LD were mostly found between SNPs within the same locus, but extended across distantly situated loci when the analyses were restricted to sampling sites showing intermediate allele frequencies of southern and northern alleles. Our study shows that cross-species genome information is a useful resource to obtain candidate sequences adjacent to outlier markers in nonmodel species.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lundberg, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic differences between willow warbler migratory phenotypes are few and cluster in large haplotype blocks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Evolution Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2056-3744. ; 1:3, s. 155-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that differences in migratory behavior between populations of songbirds have a genetic basis but the actual genes underlying these traits remains largely unknown. In an attempt to identify such candidate genes we de novo assembled the genome of the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, and used whole-genome resequencing and a SNP array to associate genomic variation with migratory phenotypes across two migratory divides around the Baltic Sea that separate SW migrating P. t. trochilus wintering in western Africa and SSE migrating P. t. acredula wintering in eastern and southern Africa. We found that the genomes of the two migratory phenotypes lack clear differences except for three highly differentiated regions located on chromosomes 1, 3, and 5 (containing 146, 135, and 53 genes, respectively). Within each migratory phenotype we found virtually no differences in allele frequencies for thousands of SNPs, even when comparing geographically distant populations breeding in Scandinavia and Far East Russia (>6000 km). In each of the three differentiated regions, multidimensional scaling-based clustering of SNP genotypes from more than 1100 individuals demonstrates the presence of distinct haplotype clusters that are associated with each migratory phenotype. In turn, this suggests that recombination is absent or rare between haplotypes, which could be explained by inversion polymorphisms. Whereas SNP alleles on chromosome 3 correlate with breeding altitude and latitude, the allele distribution within the regions on chromosomes 1 and 5 perfectly matches the geographical distribution of the migratory phenotypes. The most differentiated 10 kb windows and missense mutations within these differentiated regions are associated with genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, possibly representing physiological adaptations to the different migratory strategies. The ∼200 genes in these regions, of which several lack described function, will direct future experimental and comparative studies in the search for genes that underlie important migratory traits.
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| 49. |
- Lundberg, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Inversions maintain differences between migratory phenotypes of a songbird
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural rearrangements have been shown to be important in local adaptation and speciation, but have been difficult to reliably identify and characterize in non-model species. Here we combine long reads, linked reads and optical mapping to characterize three divergent chromosome regions in the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, of which two are associated with differences in migration and one with an environmental gradient. We show that there are inversions (0.4-13 Mb) in each of the regions and that the divergence times between inverted and non-inverted haplotypes are similar across the regions (similar to 1.2 Myrs), which is compatible with a scenario where inversions arose in either of two allopatric populations that subsequently hybridized. The improved genomes allow us to detect additional functional differences in the divergent regions, providing candidate genes for migration and adaptations to environmental gradients.
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| 50. |
- Lundberg, Martin, 1964-
(författare)
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Överläggningar om hållbar utveckling : En studie av studiecirkelsamtal
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studiecirkeln är en pedagogisk praktik som tillskrivs en roll i den svenska demokratin. Studiecirkelns genomförande svarar väl mot en demokratisk praktik som framställs i deliberativ demokratiteori. Avhandlingens idé är att belysa deliberativ demokratiteori med empiri. Med studier av studiecirkelsamtal ges möjlighet att diskutera teorin med samtalsdata. Samtalsdata genererades genom analyser av ett videoinspelat cirkelsamtal som handlade om hållbar utveckling. Studiens teoretiska ram visar fyra olika bidraga till den deliberativa demokratiteorin. Dessa presenteras i en indelning som skiljer mellan något som i avhandlingen kallas för den rationella argumentationens överläggning och en retoriskt orienterade överläggning. Genom denna indelning ges fler möjligheter att tolka fenomen i samtalsempirin och vice versa. Beträffade åsiktsbildningen i studiecirkelsamtalet finner man att cirkeldeltagarna berör en mängd olika företeelser. I detta urskiljs deltagares egna åsikter samt föreställningar som är producerade i normativa sfärer. Samtalsprocessen kännetecknas att den varierar från en period till en annan. Det gör att tillgängligheten för deltagare att kunna bidra med och ta del av yttranden varierar. Resultaten reser frågor till teorin om tolkningen av vissa begrepp.
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