| 1. |
- Dahlkvist, Andreas, 1980-
(författare)
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Conflicting Contexts : The Implementation of European Works Councils in Sweden
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European directive on the establishment of European Works Councils (EWCs) provides an example of how the implementation of EU-level regulation is shaped by national legislation and practice, and previous research on EWC implementation has stressed the role of national factors for the organisation and work of these information and consultation forums. This thesis addresses the EWCs from a Swedish perspective and aims to analyse the role of the national system of employee participation for the implementation of EWCs in the national context. Through an examination of the views and reasoning of national groups and organisations involved in the implementation, during the legislative process that preceded the national EWC Act as well as in the establishment and work of councils, the study illustrates how national factors shaped the handling of the EWC issue in Sweden. The findings of the thesis, which rest on an analysis of official documents and interviews, show how the national system of employee participation influenced the views and reasoning of national groups and organisations regarding how to handle the EWC issue. However, the results of the analysis also indicate that alternative influences, such as company-specific factors and the provisions of the EWC directive, were important during the implementation of EWCs in the Swedish context.
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| 2. |
- de Blanche, Andreas, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial and human aspects of Industry 4.0: an industrial work-integrated-learning research agenda
- 2021
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Ingår i: VILÄR. - 9789189325036
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The manufacturing industry is currently under extreme pressure to transform their organizations and competencies to reap the benefits of industry 4.0. The main driver for industry 4.0 is digitalization with disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things, digital platforms, etc. Industrial applications and research studies have shown promising results, but they rarely involve a human-centric perspective. Given this, we argue there is a lack of knowledge on how disruptive technologies take part in human decision-making and learning practices, and to what extent disruptive technologies may support both employees and organizations to “learn”. In recent research the importance and need of including a human-centric perspective in industry 4.0 is raised including a human learning and decision-making approach. Hence, disruptive technologies, by themselves, no longer consider to solve the actual problems.Considering the richness of this topic, we propose an industrial work-integrated-learning research agenda to illuminate a human-centric perspective in Industry 4.0. This work-in-progress literature review aims to provide a research agenda on what and how application areas are covered in earlier research. Furthermore, the review identifies obstacles and opportunities that may affect manufacturing to reap the benefits of Industry 4.0. As part of the research, several inter-disciplinary areas are identified, in which industrial work-integrated-learning should be considered to enhance the design, implementation, and use of Industry 4.0 technologies. In conclusion, this study proposes a research agenda aimed at furthering research on how industrial digitalization can approach human and artificial intelligence through industrial work-integrated-learning for a future digitalized manufacturing.
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| 3. |
- Elvstrand, Helene, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur får vi kvar dem på fritids? : Att utveckla fritidshemmets verksamhet med fokus på de äldsta eleverna
- 2022
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Ingår i: Venue. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2001-788X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna text presenterar ett systematiskt utvecklingsarbetearbete för att attrahera och hålla kvar de äldsta fritidshemseleverna. Fritidshemmet är en viktig pedagogisk verksamhet även för äldre elever men vi ser att äldre elever i lägre grad än yngre deltar i fritidshemsverksamheten. Hur kan vi möta och arbeta med denna elevgrupps perspektiv och behov?
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| 4. |
- Engström, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A case study of cost-benefit analysis in occupational radiological protection within the healthcare system ofSweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 1526-9914. ; 22, s. 295-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to demonstrate cases of cost-benefit analysis within healthcare, of how economic factors can be considered in occupational radiological protection, in agreement with the as low as reasonably achievable principle and present Swedish legislations. In the first part of the present study, a comparison of examples within health economics used by authorities and institutes in Sweden was made. The comparison focused on value of a statistical life, quality-adjusted life year, and monetary cost assigned to a unit of collective dose for radiation protection purposes (α-value). By this comparison, an α-value was determined as an interval between $45 and $450 per man-mSv, for the Swedish society in 2021. The α-value interval can be interpreted as following:. Less than $45 per man-mSv is a good investment. From $45 to $450 per man-mSv, other factors than costs and collective dose are important to consider. More than $450 per man-mSv is too expensive. In the second part of the present study, seven cases of cost-benefit analyses in occupational radiological protection were provided. The present study focused specifically on cases where the relevant factors were costs and collective dose. The present case study shows a large variation in costs per collective dose from different types of occupational radiological protection, used at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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How much resources is it reasonable to spend on occupational radiological protection in Sweden?
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Congress of Radiology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A cost-benefit analysis can show that a specific intervention in occupational radiological protection is reasonable in terms of cost effectiveness, which can be helpful for decision-makers in the healthcare system. In other cases, interventions can be shown not to be reasonable in terms of cost effectiveness, and resources would then be better invested elsewhere within the healthcare system.
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| 6. |
- Engström, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Lead aprons and thyroid collars: to be, or not to be?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. - 1361-6498. ; 43:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time has a subjective component: to balance the effective dose reduction with the effort of carrying a heavy load. Occupational radiation exposure has decreased dramatically in the last century within the health care system. During the same period the use of lead aprons and thyroid collars has also gone up. Therefore, a question that may be raised is: how safe is safe enough? In order to promote stakeholder involvement, the aim of the present study was to investigate staff's experience of discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time, and also to investigate staff's willingness to tolerate personal dose equivalent (expressed as radiation dose) and the corresponding increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing these protective tools. A questionnaire was developed and given to staff working in operating or angiography rooms at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden. The results from the 245 respondents showed that 51% experienced bothersome warmth, 36% experienced fatigue and 26% experienced ache or pain that they believed was associated with wearing lead aprons. One third of the respondents would tolerate a personal dose equivalent of 1 mSv per year to avoid wearing lead aprons, but only a fifth would tolerate the corresponding increase in future cancer risk (from 43% to 43.2%). In conclusion, discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time are common for the staff using them. At the same time, only a minority of the staff would tolerate a small increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing them. The present study gives an example of stakeholder involvement and points at the difficulties in making reasonable decisions about the use of these protective tools.
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| 7. |
- Engström, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Lead aprons: to be, or not to be?
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Congress of Radiology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study shows that discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons for long periods of time are problematic for the staff using them. At the same time, only a minority of the staff would tolerate a small increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing them. The present study gives an example of stakeholder involvement and points at the difficulties in making reasonable decisions about the use of radiation protective tools.
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| 8. |
- Fabbri, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Content and strength of conflict of interest policies at Scandinavian Medical Schools: a cross sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6920. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundConcerns around staffs’ and students’ interactions with commercial entities, for example drug companies, have led several North American medical schools to implement conflict of interest (COI) policies. However, little is known about COI policies at European medical schools. We analysed the content and strength of COI policies at Scandinavian medical schools.MethodsWe searched the websites of medical schools in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden and emailed the Deans for additional information. Using comparable methodology to previous studies, the strength of the COI policies was rated on a scale from 0 to 2 across 11 items (higher score more restrictive); we also assessed the presence of oversight mechanisms and sanctions.ResultsWe identified 77 unique policies for 15 medical schools (range 2–8 per school). Most of the policies (n = 72; 94%) were University wide and only five (6%) were specific for the medical schools. For six of eleven items one or more schools had a restrictive policy (score of two). None of the schools had a restrictive policy for the five additional items (speaking relationships, sales representatives, on-site education activities, medical school curriculum, and drug samples). Honoraria was the item with the highest score, with eight of the 15 schools having a score of two. Thirteen of the 15 schools had policies that identified a party responsible for policy oversight and mentioned sanctions for non-compliance.ConclusionOur study provides the first evaluation of all Scandinavian medical schools’ COI policies. We found that the content of COI policies varies widely and still has shortcomings. We encourage Scandinavian medical schools to develop more stringent COI policies to regulate industry interactions with both faculty and students.
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| 9. |
- Hattinger, Monika, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Reviewing human-centric themes in intelligent manufacturing research
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Conference on Work Integrated Learning. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789189325302 ; , s. 125-127
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the era of Industry 4.0, emergent digital technologies generate profound transformations in the industry toward developing intelligent manufacturing. The technologies included in Industry 4.0 are expected to bring new perspectives to the industry on how manufacturing can integrate new solutions to get maximum output with minimum resource utilization (Kamble et al., 2018). Industry 4.0 technologies create a great impact on production systems and processes, however, affect organizational structures and working life conditions by disrupting employees’ everyday practices and knowledge, in which competence and learning, human interaction, and organizational structures are key. Hence, new digital solutions need to be integrated with work and learning to generate more holistic and sustainable businesses (Carlsson et al., 2021).The core Industry 4.0 technologies are built on cyber-physical systems (CPS), cloud computing, and the Internet of things (IoT) (Kagermann et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2018). In recent years, an array of additional technologies has been developed further, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), cyber security, robotics, and automation. Industry 4.0 aims to create a potential for faster delivery times, more efficient and automated processes, higher quality, and customized products (Zheng et al., 2021). Hence, the ongoing transformation through the technological shift of production in combination with market demands pushes the industry and its production process.Recent research has substantially contributed to an increased understanding of the technological aspects of Industry 4.0. However, the utilization of technologies is only a part of the complex puzzle making up Industry 4.0 (Kagermann et al., 2013; Zheng et al., 2021). The impact Industry 4.0 technologies and application s have on the industrial context also changes and disrupts existing and traditional work practices (Taylor et al., 2020), management and leadership (Saucedo-Martínez et al., 2018), learning and skills (Tvenge & Martinsen, 2018), and education (Das et al., 2020). This research has shown a growing interest in human-centric aspects of Industry 4.0 (Nahavandi, 2019), i.e., the transformative effects Industry 4.0 has on humans, workplace design, organizational routines, skills, learning, etc. However, these aspects are scarcely considered in-depth. Given this, and from a holistic point of view, there is a need to understand intelligent manufacturing practice from a human-centric perspective, where issues of work practices and learning are integrated, herein refe rred to as industrial work-integrated learning. I-WIL is a research area that particularly pays attention to knowledge production and learning capabilities related to use and development when technology and humans co -exist in industrial work settings (Shahlaei & Lundh Snis, 2022). Even if Industry 4.0 still is relevant for continuous development, a complementary Industry 5.0 has arisen to provide efficiency and productivity as the sole goals to reinforce a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient manufacturing industry (Breque et al., 2021; Nahavandi, 2019).Given this situation, the research question addressed here is: How does state-of-the-art research of Industry 4.0 technologies and applications consider human-centric aspects? A systematic literature review was conducted aiming to identify a future research agenda that emphasizes human-centric aspects of intelligent manufacturing, that will contribute to the field of manufacturing research and practices. This question was based on very few systematic literature reviews, considering Industry 4.0 research incorporating human -centric aspects for developing intelligent manufacturing (Kamble et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2021). The literature review study was structured by the design of Xiao and Watson’s (2019) methodology consisting of the steps 1) Initial corpus creation, 2) Finalizing corpus, and 3) Analyzing corpus, and we also used a bibliometric approach throughout the search process (Glänzel & Schoepflin, 1999). The keyword selection was categorized into three groups of search terms, “industry 4.0”, “manufacturing”, and “artificial intelligence”, see figure 1. (Not included here)Articles were collected from the meta -databases EBSCOhost, Scopus, Eric, and the database AIS, to quantify the presence of human-centric or human-involved AI approaches in recent manufacturing research. A total of 999 scientific articles were collected and clustered based on a list of application areas to investigate if there is a difference between various areas in which artificial intelligence is used. The application areas are decision -making, digital twin, flexible automation, platformization, predictive maintenance, predictive quality, process optimization, production planning, and quality assessment.Throughout the review process, only articles that included both AI and human -centric aspects were screened and categorized. The final corpus included 386 articles of which only 93 articles were identified as human -centric. These articles were categorized into three themes: 1) organizational change, 2) competence and learning, and 3) human-automation interaction. Theme 1 articles related mostly to the application areas of flexible automation (11), production planning (9), and predictive maintenance (5). Theme 2 concerned the application areas of production planning and quality assessment (7), and process optimization (7).Finally, theme 3 mainly focused on flexible automation (10), digital twin (3), and platformization (3). The rest of the corpus only consisted of one or two articles in related application areas. To conclude, only a few articles were found that reinforce human -centric themes for Industry 4.0 implementations. The literature review identified obstacles and opportu nities that affect manufacturing organizations to reap the benefits of Industry 4.0. Hence, I-WIL is proposed as a research area to inform a new research agenda that captures human and technological integration of Industry 4.0 and to further illuminate human-centric aspects and themes for future sustainable intelligent manufacturing.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Huyben, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dietary inclusion of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus on gut microbiota of rainbow trout
- 2017
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 473, s. 528-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed for 10 weeks on a diet containing either 30% fish meal (FM) or with 20, 40 and 60% replacement of fish meal protein with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) or a mixture of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and S. cerevisiae(WA). Luminal contents and mucosal tissue from the distal intestine were collected and analysed for yeast and bacterial loads by agar plating. Diversity and abundance were determined by sequencing of amplicons generated from the 26S rRNA (yeast) and 16S rRNA (bacteria) genes. In addition, the diets were analysed before and after feed extrusion to determine the viability and composition of the yeasts ingested by the fish. After extrusion, 9-10 log cells g(-1) of yeast were still intact in the SC and WA diets, but culturable yeast showed log-reductions of 5-7 CFU g(-1). For yeasts isolated from the gut contents, 81-96% of colonies consisted of Debaryomyces hansenii, with few or no colonies of S. cerevisiae or W. anomalus despite their high inclusion rate in the diets. Characterisation of gut bacteria using Illumina MiSeq showed that 70 and 19% of sequences were classified to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, specifically sequences identified as Leuconostocaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Photobacterium. Compared with the FM diet, the WA40 diet reduced bacterial diversity, whereas the WA60 diet increased the abundance of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans and reduced lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Overall, 40 and 60% replacement of fish meal protein with a mixture of W. anomalus and S. cerevisiae significantly altered the gut microbiota of rainbow trout, while 20% replacement and diets with only S. cerevisiae had little or no effect. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Huyben, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dietary yeast inclusion and acute stress on post-prandial whole blood profiles of dorsal aorta-cannulated rainbow trout
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-1742 .- 1573-5168. ; 43, s. 421-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast is a potential alternative to fish meal in diets for farmed fish, yet replacing more than 50 % of fish meal results in reduced fish growth. In a 4-week experiment, 15 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were cannulated and fed three diets each week: 30 % fish meal as a control (FM); 60 % replacement of fish meal protein, on a digestible basis, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC); and 60 % replacement with Wickerhamomyces anomalus and S. cerevisiae mix (WA). Blood was collected at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after feeding. In the final week, fish were exposed to a 1-min netting stressor to evaluate possible diet-stress interactions. Significant increases in pH, TCO2, HCO3 and base excess were found after fish were fed the SC and WA diets compared with FM, which elevated blood alkaline tides. Yeast ingredients had lower buffering capacity and ash content than fish meal, which explained the increase in alkaline tides. In addition, fish fed the WA diet had significantly reduced erythrocyte area and fish fed SC and WA diets had increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin levels, indicating haemolytic anaemia. Higher levels of nucleic acid in yeast-based diets and potentially higher production of reactive oxygen species were suspected of damaging haemoglobin, which require replacement by smaller immature erythrocytes. Acute stress caused the expected rise in cortisol and glucose levels, but no interaction with diet was found. These results show that replacing 60 % of fish meal protein with yeasts can induce haemolytic anaemia in rainbow trout, which may limit yeast inclusion in diets for farmed fish.
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| 13. |
- Huyben, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dietary yeast inclusion and acute stress on postprandial plasma free amino acid profiles of dorsal aorta-cannulated rainbow trout
- 2018
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Ingår i: Aquaculture Nutrition. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1353-5773 .- 1365-2095. ; 24, s. 236-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a 4-week experiment, 15 cannulated rainbow trout were fed three diets based on fish meal (FM), Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SC) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus and S.cerevisiae yeast mix (WA). Fish were fed daily, and blood samples were collected on day 7 of each week at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24hr after feeding. In the final week, fish were exposed to a 1-min netting stressor. All essential and non-essential plasma amino acid levels except methionine were similar between fish fed diets FM, SC and WA. Plasma methionine and sarcosine were significantly higher in fish fed diets SC and WA, possibly due to the crystalline methionine level, form or feeding regime. Hydroxy-proline and 3-methyl-histidine were higher in fish fed diet FM, which can be explained by the higher levels present in fish meal compared with yeast. In stressed fish, there were no dietary effects on plasma amino acid levels, but significant increases in taurine and cystathionine were found in stressed compared with unstressed fish. These results demonstrate that yeast-based diets produce similar plasma amino acid profiles to fish meal and suggest that yeast may be a suitable fish meal replacement in diets for rainbow trout.
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| 14. |
- Huyben, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of feeding yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, on gut microbiota of rainbow trout
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Single cell proteins, such as yeasts, are an ideal feed alternative to plant and fish meals as they do not compete as food for humans. Previous studies have fed live yeast, such asSaccharomyces cerevisiae, in cold pelleted diets to farmed fish in order to increase beneficial microbiota in the gut (Gatesoupe, 2007). However, commercial salmonid diets are typically extruded at high temperatures, which can inactivate yeasts and reduce their effects on gut microbiota. In addition, previous studies have used culture-based methods to determine gut microbiota, while the development of next generation sequencing has improved identification of unculturable microbiota. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding yeasts,S. cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, on microbiota in the distal intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Materials and methods A diet of fish meal (FM) was used as a control against yeast diets that replaced 20, 40 and 60% of fish meal (digestible protein basis) with either S. cerevisiae(SC) orW.anomalus/S. cerevisiaemix (WA; Jästbolaget AB, Sweden). Diets were extruded at 120-130oC and later fed to triplicate tanks of 35 rainbow trout for 10 weeks. Afterwards, content and mucosa from the distal intestine of 3 fish per tank were collected. Ingredients, diets and gut samples were plated on yeast-peptone-D-glucose, then 26S rDNA were PCR-amplified and sequenced to determine live yeast counts and taxa. Diets and yeast ingredients were further examined microscopically to determine cell counts of yeast. For gut bacteria, 16S rDNA were PCR-amplified, barcoded and next generation sequenced using Illumina platform (SciLifeLab AB, Sweden). Significant differences (p<0.05) between diets were determined using ANOVA and ANOSIM methods. Results The yeast ingredients,S. cerevisiaeor W. anomalus/S. cerevisiae mix, contained between 9-10 log cfu g-1and SC and WA diets contained 7-8 log cfu g-1before extrusion. After extrusion, all diets had over 4-log reduction in cfu g-1(cultured yeast), however 7-8 log cells g-1of yeast were still viable. Diets of SC and WA contained between 96-100%S. cerevisiaeand 0-20%W. anomalus.After 10 weeks of feeding, the distal intestine contained between 84-96 Þbaryomyces hanseniiwith few colonies of S. cerevisiae and noW. anomalus. For bacteria, the distal intestine contained between 37-62 % ofLeuconostocaceae,Lactobacillaceae and Photobacteriumand significant differences in taxa abundance and similarity were found between fish fed SC60, WA40 and WA60 compared with the FM diet (Fig. 1). Discussion and conclusion This study is the first to analyse intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout fed yeast diets using next generation sequencing. In addition, few studies have investigated the viability and log reduction of yeast after feed extrusion. The low level of culturable yeast compared with the high level of intact yeast cells found after diet extrusion suggested that high temperature from extrusion inactivated yeasts, but did not disrupt the cells. Inactivated, non-disrupted yeast is not ideal because the yeast cannot cultivate the intestine or release nutrients for metabolic uptake. The lack of S. cerevisiaeandW. anomalusin the distal intestine despite the high level of yeast ingestion, suggests that large amounts of yeast were metabolised. However, higher levels of unculturable yeast cells may have been present in the intestinal content and mucosa. For gut bacteria, most were Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillales order), which includesCarnobacteriaceae, Leuconstocaceae, Leuconstocaceaeand Streptococcaceae families. In comparison, Ingerslev et al. (2014) found similar levels ofStreptococcus, Leuconostoc,Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillusin rainbow trout fed fish and plant-based diets.Significant differences in bacteria abundance for fish fed SC60, WA40 and WA60 diets indicated thatW. anomalushad a higher effect thanS. cerevisiaeand that more than 20% replacement of fish meal with yeast affected gut microbiota in rainbow trout. References Gatesoupe F.J. 2007. Live yeasts in the gut: Natural occurrence, dietary introduction, and their effects on fish health and development. Aquaculture 267: 20-30. Ingerslev H.C., L. von Gersdorff Jørgensen, M. Lenz Strube, N. Larsen, I. Dalsgaard, M. Boye, and L. Madsen. 2014. The development of the gut microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is affected by first feeding and diet type. Aquaculture 424-425: 24-34.
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| 15. |
- Huyben, David, et al.
(författare)
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Post-prandial changes of unstressed and stressed dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed yeasts
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Feeding experiments can demonstrate long-term effects of test diets on fish growth and feed digestibility, however, they cannot determine short-term effects on nutrient uptake and stress response. Blood sampling during feeding experiments requires sedation and handling that can stress and affect blood parameters of fish (Djordjevic et al., 2011). Dorsal aorta (DA) cannulation of fish allows for serial blood sampling without inflicting stress. Single cell proteins, such as yeasts, are an ideal feed alternative to plant and fish meals as they do not compete as food for humans. In addition, yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, contain beta-glucans in their cell walls that can induce an immunostimulant effect on fish that increases disease resistance (Siwicki et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the post-prandial changes of unstressed and stressed DA cannulated rainbow trout fed two different yeast diets. Materials and methods Rainbow trout were DA cannulated according to Kiessling et al (1995) with modifications. Briefly, fish were sedated with 1mg L-1 metomidate, anesthetised with 80mg L-1 tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222) and then placed in a recirculating surgery bath of 60mg L-1 MS222. Lidocain was used as a local anaesthetic at the incision sites where 180 polyethylene (PE) tubing was inserted in the snout of the fish and 90 PE tubing was inserted into the DA via guide wire. The 1m long cannula was injected with heparinised saline and sealed and the fish was given 3-5 days to recover while being fed a commercial diet. In total, 15 cannulated fish that weighed 849 ± 199g (±SD) were fed three iso-nitrogenous diets: fish meal control (FM), 60% replacement of fish meal with S. cerevisiae (YS) and 60% replacement with a 70:30 mix of W. anomalus and S. cerevisiae (YW). Fish were fed at 1% body weight (BW) via automated feeders with collectors in 200L tanks equipped with individual water flow (15C), shadow and light. For the diet test, 5 random fish were fed each diet for 1 week and then fed a different diet for weeks 2 and 3 (cross over design). For the stress test, fish were fed for a 4th week and then stressed via netting for 1min after feeding. Blood samples of 0.35mL were taken at 0 (before feeding), 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours on day 7 of every week. Blood was analysed for sodium, potassium, glucose, pH, PCO2, TCO2, HCO3, base excess and hemoglobin using an i-STAT analyser and haematocrit and leucocrit were measured after centrifugation. Red blood cells (RBC) were diluted and counted in a Burker chamber. Results Fish consumed diets at a rate of 0.83 ± 0.22% BW over 4 weeks. Samples from fish that consumed less than 0.20% BW were excluded from analyses. There were no mortalities, but 5 fish were replaced due to non-functioning cannulas. For the diet test, YS and YW diets were both significantly different (P<0.05) than FM diet for sodium, potassium, pH, TCO2, HCO3 and base excess. Hemaglobin of diet YW was different from diet FM. For the stress test, no significant differences existed between diets. In comparison, only glucose (YS and YW diets) and potassium (YW diet) were significantly different between diet and stress tests, although hematocrit and hemaglobin significantly increased and pH and blood gases significantly decreased after stress (i.e. 0 to 3 hr). Discussion and conclusion This study is one of the first to analyse blood samples from DA cannulated rainbow trout that voluntarily consumed feed after surgery. In the diet test, differences in blood potassium and sodium between diets are likely due to feed composition as yeast diets contained higher levels of potassium and lower levels of sodium compared to the FM diet. Increased levels of pH and blood gases in the yeast diets may be due to an immunostimulant effect from yeast beta-glucans (Siwicki et al., 1994), but more research is needed. In the stress test, increased levels of haematocrit, haemoglobin and glucose as well as reduced pH and blood gases have been previously reported as a result of increased catecholamine release and ventilation to cope with stress (Djordjevic et al., 2011). In conclusion, replacing fish meal with yeasts can significantly impact blood parameters of rainbow trout, however, yeasts diets had no significant effect on acute stress response. References Djordjevic B., T. Kristensen, Ø. Øverli, B. Rosseland, and A. Kiessling. 2011. Effect of nutritional status and sampling intensity on recovery after dorsal aorta cannulation in free-swimming Atlantic salmon. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38: 259-272. Kiessling A., B. Dosanjh, D. Higgs, G. Deacon, and N. Rowshandeli. 1995. Dorsal aorta cannulation: a method to monitor changes in blood levels of astaxanthin in voluntarily feeding Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture Nutrition 1(1): 43-50. Siwicki A., D. Anderson, and G. Rumsey. 1994. Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protection against furunculosis. Veterinary lmmunology and lmmunopathology 41: 125-139.
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| 16. |
- Kiessling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative protein sources for fish, not competing with the human food demand evaluated by traditional and novel approaches
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At present, most alternative feed sources in fish is since long known in terrestrial animals. However, in a longer time frame this is questionable from a food security perspective, as these sources often are of human food quality. This is an argument rapidly growing in importance. Microbes, insects and products from other forms of extractive aquaculture are of major interest considering their growth potential, nutritional profile, probiotic qualities and ability to use simple resources as substrates. However, with a transition towards a circular economy, substrates that produce such feed ingredients will to a higher degree be based on waste and by-products. This development will demand novel approach in nutrition research in order to understand non-intuitive positive and negative effects in the fish gut biota, immune response, metabolism, welfare and product quality/safety. We will present our ongoing work, concerning physiological implications of alternative protein sources using in situ experimental technologies, such as cannulation and repeated tissue sampling. This work also combines advanced analytic methods of metabolomics and gut microbiota using amplicon next generation sequencing that targets 16S rDNA for bacterial identification. Data on post-prandial plasma AA profile, hematological parameters and erythrocyte indices will be presented together with data concerning the interaction between diet and stress in fish where fishmeal has been replaced by yeast up to 60%. Also, data concerning changes of the microbiota of fish given fungal mycelium-, yeast-, insect- (if ready) and mussel meal will be presented, including comparison between nutrient efficiency of feed given in clear or “green” water environments. Finally, experiments concerning yeast as biological barrier to prions, i.e. food safety, will be discussed. In all, an overall picture of one possible future development in fish nutrition will be painted with a focus on the use of novel feed stuffs in circular food production systems.
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| 17. |
- Lundh, Ingrid
(författare)
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Undervisa Naturvetenskap genom Inquiry : En studie av två högstadielärare
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need to change the teaching methods of the science subjects. International surveys, e.g. TIMMS and PISA, have been showing relatively declining skills for the Swedish students in the science subjects. International science education research has found good examples of teaching and learning, but the research stays within the research communities and does not reach the teachers and their teaching. The gap between research results and teachers’ practices in the classroom is the basis of this investigation. Research shows that the teacher is one of the most important factors for student learning, therefore, this study has put great emphasis on the teachers’ competencies. The focus of this investigation is the relations between teachers’ knowledge of the Nature of Science (NOS), the Nature of Science Inquiry (NOSI) and inquiry-based teaching of Science. The project follows longitudinally two teachers as they take part in a researchbased implementation process of predesigned inquiry-teaching sequences in Physics. The context is a secondary school in Sweden (grades 8–9, age 14–16 years). The project is set around group discussions between the involved teachers and the researcher on planning, implementing and analysing actual inquiry teaching. The results describe possibilities and obstacles concerning the implementation of inquiry teaching as perceived by the teachers. Having navigated obstacles the teachers saw great potential in the inquiry model based on students’ motivation and learning. The results of the project provide indications on how future in-service teacher courses in Science could be designed.
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| 18. |
- Lundh Snis, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial and Human Intelligence through Learning : How Industry Applications Need Human-in-the-loop
- 2020
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Ingår i: VILÄR. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789188847867 ; , s. 24-26
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study addresses work-integrated learning from a workplace learning perspective.Two companies within the manufacturing industry (turbo machinery and aerospace) together with a multi-disciplinary research group explore the opportunities and challenges related to applications of artificial intelligence and human intelligence and how such applications can integrate and support learning at the workplace.The manufacturing industry is currently under extreme pressure to transform their organizations and competencies to reap the benefits of industry 4.0. The main driverf or industry 4.0 is digitalization with disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, machine learning, cyber-physical systems, digital platforms, etc. Many significant studies have highlighted the importance of human competence and learning in connection to industry 4.0 in general and disruptive technologies and its transformative consequences in particular. What impact have such technologies on employees and their workplace?There is a lack of knowledge on how artificial intelligent systems actually take part in practices of human decision making and learning and to what extent disruptive technology may support both employees and organizations to “learn”. The design and use of three real-world cases of artificial intelligence applications (as instances of industry 4.0 initiatives) will form the basis of how to support human decision making and scale up for strategic action and learning. Following a work-integratedapproach the overall research question has been formulated together with the two industry partners: How can artificial and human intelligence and learning, interact tobring manufacturing companies into Industry 4.0? An action-oriented research approach with in-depth qualitative and quantitative methods will be used in order to make sense and learn about new applications and data set related to a digitalized production.The contribution of this study will be three lessons learned along with a generic model for learning and organizing in the context of industry 4.0 initiatives. Tentative findings concern how artificial and human intelligence can be smartly integrated into the human work organization, i.e. the workplace. Many iterations of integrating the two intelligences are required. We will discuss a preliminary process-model called “Super8”, in which AI systems must allow for providing feedback on progress as well as being able to incorporate high-level human input in the learning process. The practical implication of the study will be industrialized in the collaborating
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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A new stocking compression system with a low well-defined resting pressure and a high working pressure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veins and Lymphatics. - : PAGEPress Publications. - 2279-7483. ; 7:2, s. 69-70
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compression stockings should preferably apply the intended pressure regardless of leg shape and circumference. This may require custom fitting. Today’s sizing system is focusing on the exerted pressure at the ankle region. A ready-made stocking may therefore exert correct pressure at the ankle, but the pressure at the calf may be well exceeded due to the actual size of the calf, leading to a tourniquet effect, ischemia or even increased risk of thrombosis. Even with a perfectly-fitted stocking, the problem with changes in leg circumference due to the increase/decrease in oedema is not resolved. Stocking donning problems vary with compression class and elasticity of the material used. Added pressure over the calf area has been reported to improve venous pumping function more than graduated compression. Adding stiffness over the calf area may also improve the pumping function. Häfner et.al. stated that “Hemodynamically optimal compression products will make medical compression therapy an even more useful tool in the field of phlebology”. With new smart textiles, the pressure can be controlled. The aim was therefore to evaluate a prototype of a stocking compression system with specified well-defined target resting pressure and supposedly high working pressure created by stiffness.
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Andreas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Good-bye slippage - a new fusion to tackle bandage slippage on the foot
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veins and Lymphatics. - : PAGEPress Publications. - 2279-7483. ; 07:03, s. 112-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- stockings is the cornerstone and golden standard in the prevention and treatment of chronic venous leg diseases. A common problem related to compression treatment with bandages is slippage at and around the foot and heel. Stiff bandages in particular tend to cause slippage due to reduction in limb size during compression treatment, and the inherent inability of the material to recover post-stretch. Bandage slippage can create local highpressure areas that may cause tissue damage and even necrosis. The use of stockings can often reduce this risk of slippage. Moreover, stockings are typically less bulky, help to preserve ankle range of motion, and permit patients to wear normal footwear. However, stockings can be tricky to don, especially when ulcers are involved. An optimal solution for indications that are best treated with bandages on lower extremities seems to be a compression sock on the foot and a bandage on the leg. The transition from sock to bandage, however, must be seamless in order to provide proper compression treatment. Furthermore, the combination needs to be easy to apply, and the transition from sock to bandage must not create local high- or low-pressure zones on the ankle. In order to control pressure at the transition, both the sock and bandage need to have well-defined pressures, which cannot be affected by the applier’s experience or the patient’s leg size or shape. The need for consistency in contact pressure rules out traditional bandages as they are prone to exert extreme variations in applied pressure.
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| 22. |
- Nyman, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of microbe- and mussel-based diets on the gut microbiota in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Aquaculture Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5134. ; 5, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge in aquaculture is finding nutrient resources that do not compete with human demandand do not threaten ecological sustainability. Single cell proteins, such as filamentous fungi and yeasts,have similar nutrient profiles to fish meal, grow fast under optimal conditions and contain high amountsof protein, making them attractive candidates as alternative nutrient sources for farmed fish. Moreover,the cell walls of yeasts and filamentous fungi have bioactive properties, potentially mediated via theintestinal microbiota, that positively affect the intestinal health of fish. The microbiota in fish is not wellexplored and it is uncertain how different dietary components influence its composition.Five experimental diets were fed to Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to investigate their effects on gutmicrobiota. The fish meal in a reference diet was replaced with either intact or extracted yeast cells ofthe species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae or meal from blue mussel(Mytilus edulis). The microbiota was characterised in samples collected from the proximal and distalintestine using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq.Sequence data showed that the gut microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, whichrepresented 85% of total community abundance, with lactic acid bacteria representing 36.2%. Principalcomponent analysis (PCA) of the data revealed that the microbiota in proximal and distal regions ofthe intestine had similar composition and that replacement of fish meal with yeast and filamentousfungi affected microbiota composition, primarily with higher relative proportions of Photobacterium andLactobacillus.Lactic acid bacteria were a dominant fraction of the intestinal microbiota in Arctic charr. Microbialbased feeds were associated with similar changes in microbiota composition, but contrasting to the fish-meal based reference diet. Microbiota composition was similar in the proximal and distal gut, but dietaryresponses were specific to gut segment.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Vidakovic, Aleksandar, et al.
(författare)
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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed graded levels of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Wickerhamomyces anomalus
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquaculture Nutrition. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1353-5773 .- 1365-2095. ; 26:2, s. 275-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a 10-week study, we evaluated the effects of replacing 20%, 40% or 60% of fishmeal (present in control diet at 300 g/kg) on a digestible protein basis with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or a yeast mixture of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and S. cerevisiae on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient retention and intestinal health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Triplicate tanks with 35 rainbow trout (144.7 +/- 25.1 g mean +/- SEM) were fed rations of 1.5% of total biomass per tank. Replacement of 60% of fishmeal with yeast mixture resulted in lower specific growth rate of 1.0% versus 1.2%/day for other diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients for crude protein and most amino acids were highest in fish fed fishmeal-based diet, with similar values for fish fed the diet with 20% replacement with yeast mixture. Diet with 20% replacement with yeast mixture resulted in highest phosphorus digestibility. Replacement of 60% of fishmeal with S. cerevisiae resulted in oedematous mucosal fold tips in the proximal intestine. The results of this study suggest that these yeasts can replace up to 40% of fishmeal under current inclusion levels in diets for rainbow trout without compromising growth performance, nutrient digestibility or intestinal health.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Wilkinson, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Protocol for the development of a tool (INSPECT-SR) to identify problematic randomised controlled trials in systematic reviews of health interventions
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) inform healthcare decisions. It is now apparent that some published RCTs contain false data and some appear to have been entirely fabricated. Systematic reviews are performed to identify and synthesise all RCTs that have been conducted on a given topic. While it is usual to assess methodological features of the RCTs in the process of undertaking a systematic review, it is not usual to consider whether the RCTs contain false data. Studies containing false data therefore go unnoticed and contribute to systematic review conclusions. The INveStigating ProblEmatic Clinical Trials in Systematic Reviews (INSPECT-SR) project will develop a tool to assess the trustworthiness of RCTs in systematic reviews of healthcare-related interventions.Methods and analysis The INSPECT-SR tool will be developed using expert consensus in combination with empirical evidence, over five stages: (1) a survey of experts to assemble a comprehensive list of checks for detecting problematic RCTs, (2) an evaluation of the feasibility and impact of applying the checks to systematic reviews, (3) a Delphi survey to determine which of the checks are supported by expert consensus, culminating in, (4) a consensus meeting to select checks to be included in a draft tool and to determine its format and (5) prospective testing of the draft tool in the production of new health systematic reviews, to allow refinement based on user feedback. We anticipate that the INSPECT-SR tool will help researchers to identify problematic studies and will help patients by protecting them from the influence of false data on their healthcare.Ethics and dissemination The University of Manchester ethics decision tool was used, and this returned the result that ethical approval was not required for this project (30 September 2022), which incorporates secondary research and surveys of professionals about subjects relating to their expertise. Informed consent will be obtained from all survey participants. All results will be published as open-access articles. The final tool will be made freely available.
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