| 1. |
- Almqvist, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between parental age and asthma in a population-based register study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a nationwide population-based study with family design, we found an association between decreasing parental age and asthma in early childhood. The effect was independent of familial and potentially confounding factors.
|
|
| 2. |
- Apsite, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
Baltic State migration system : the case of latvian immigrants in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Northern Studies. - Umeå : Umeå University; The Royal Skyttean Society. - 1654-5915 .- 2004-4658. ; 6:1, s. 31-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden, with a particular focus on Latvia. Two historical turns in the BalticStates’ recent history have contributed to an out-migration from the region—the restoration of independence in the early 1990s and accession to the EuropeanUnion (EU) in 2004. Although these events were considered positive asthey meant “open” borders for Baltic State citizens, lately the out-migrationfrom Latvia has increased. Likewise, the global economic crisis that started in2008 and the consequential unemployment draw attention to emerging patternsand the composition of emigrants to several destinations, but in this caseparticularly to Sweden. After the EU expansion Sweden did not receive as manyEastern European migrants as was expected at the time, but recent trends revealthat there has been a steady increase in the migration flow since then. TheNordic countries as a potential destination initially lacked pioneer migrants toestablish social support networks that would attract newcomers, but this is nowchanging; statistics for 2010 show that the number of Baltic State immigrantsin Sweden has grown significantly since 2008. With the economic recessionand unemployment in Latvia in 2009, 2010 had even higher emigration activitythan in 2004 just after the country’s accession to the EU. Nordic countriesemerge as welcoming destinations to recent migrants, who state that the proximityto their home country and the labour market opportunities are the mainattraction but also that a positive view of Sweden and the Swedes plays a part.Contemporary trends of migration from the Baltic States and especially Latviaunder conditions of economic downturn lead to emerging pattern of migrationsystems between Latvia and Sweden, combining a mixture of motives and diversityof the people involved in migration chains.
|
|
| 3. |
- Barban, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
-
Causal Effects of the Timing of Life-course Events : Age at Retirement and Subsequent Health
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sociological Methods & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0049-1241 .- 1552-8294. ; 49:1, s. 216-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we combine the extensive literature on the analysis of life-course trajectories as sequences with the literature on causal inference and propose a new matching approach to investigate the causal effect of the timing of life-course events on subsequent outcomes. Our matching approach takes into account pre-event confounders that are both time-independent and time-dependent as well as life-course trajectories. After matching, treated and control individuals can be compared using standard statistical tests or regression models. We apply our approach to the study of the consequences of the age at retirement on subsequent health outcomes, using a unique data set from Swedish administrative registers. Once selectivity in the timing of retirement is taken into account, effects on hospitalization are small, while early retirement has negative effects on survival. Our approach also allows for heterogeneous treatment effects. We show that the effects of early retirement differ according to preretirement income, with higher income individuals tending to benefit from early retirement, while the opposite is true for individuals with lower income.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bovinder Ylitalo, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Subgroups of castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases defined through an inverse relationship between androgen receptor activity and immune response
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 71:5, s. 776-787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Novel therapies for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are needed, particularly for cancers not driven by androgen receptor (AR) activation. Objectives: To identify molecular subgroups of PC bone metastases of relevance for therapy.Design, setting, and participants: Fresh-frozen bone metastasis samples from men with CRPC (n = 40), treatment-naïve PC (n = 8), or other malignancies (n = 12) were characterized using whole-genome expression profiling, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA), and functional enrichment analysis. Expression profiles were verified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an extended set of bone metastases (n = 77) and compared to levels in malignant and adjacent benign prostate tissue from patients with localized disease (n = 12). Selected proteins were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. A cohort of PC patients (n = 284) diagnosed at transurethral resection with long follow-up was used for prognostic evaluation.Results and limitations: The majority of CRPC bone metastases (80%) was defined as AR-driven based on PCA analysis and high expression of the AR, AR co-regulators (FOXA1, HOXB13), and AR-regulated genes (KLK2, KLK3, NKX3.1, STEAP2, TMPRSS2); 20% were non–AR-driven. Functional enrichment analysis indicated high metabolic activity and low immune responses in AR-driven metastases. Accordingly, infiltration of CD3+ and CD68+ cells was lower in AR-driven than in non–AR-driven metastases, and tumor cell HLA class I ABC immunoreactivity was inversely correlated with nuclear AR immunoreactivity. RT-PCR analysis showed low MHC class I expression (HLA-A, TAP1, and PSMB9 mRNA) in PC bone metastases compared to benign and malignant prostate tissue and bone metastases of other origins. In primary PC, low HLA class I ABC immunoreactivity was associated with high Gleason score, bone metastasis, and short cancer-specific survival. Limitations include the limited number of patients studied and the single metastasis sample studied per patient.Conclusions: Most CRPC bone metastases show high AR and metabolic activities and low immune responses. A subgroup instead shows low AR and metabolic activities, but high immune responses. Targeted therapy for these groups should be explored. Patient summary: We studied heterogeneities at a molecular level in bone metastasis samples obtained from men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. We found differences of possible importance for therapy selection in individual patients.
|
|
| 5. |
- Brew, Bronwyn K., et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal mental health disorders and offspring asthma and allergic diseases : The role of child mental health
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 35:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Maternal psychological stress during pregnancy and postnatally has been shown to be associated with offspring atopic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis). The aim of this study was to assess whether this association may be attributable to the child's own mental health disorders.METHOD: The study population included 15,092 twin children born 2002-2010 in Sweden. Questionnaire data at age 9 years was linked to national patient- and prescription registers. Maternal mental health during pregnancy and 3 years postnatally were identified from diagnosis and medication data (depression, anxiety and stress disorders). Atopic diseases in children were identified from questionnaires, diagnosis and medication data. Child mental health status (depression and anxiety) was identified from questionnaires. Three-way decomposition methods tested for mediation or interaction by child mental health disorders.RESULTS: Maternal mental health disorders were associated with most child atopic diseases including asthma aRR1.36 (95% CI 1.12, 1.60), and child mental health disorders, aRR1.73 (95% CI 1.56, 1.92). Children with mental health disorders were comorbid for atopic diseases with only asthma reaching statistical significance, aRR1.29 (95% CI 1.14, 1.47). Three-way decomposition found that mediation or interaction by child mental health disorders did not account for the mother mental health and child atopy associations except in parent-report asthma, where child mental health disorders mediated 13.4% (95% CI 2.1, 24.7) of the effect, but not for objectively defined (diagnosis and medication) asthma.CONCLUSION: The associations between maternal mental health and child asthma and allergic diseases do not appear to be attributable to child mental health disorders.
|
|
| 6. |
- Caffrey Osvald, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Asthma and all-cause mortality in children and young adults : a population-based study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 75:12, s. 1040-1046
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies suggest an increased all-cause mortality among adults with asthma. We aimed to study the relationship between asthma in children and young adults and all-cause mortality, and investigate differences in mortality rate by also having a life-limiting condition (LLC) or by parental socioeconomic status (SES).METHODS: Included in this register-based study are 2 775 430 individuals born in Sweden between January 1986 and December 2012. We identified asthma cases using the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Prescribed Drug Register. Those with LLC were identified using the NPR. Parental SES at birth (income and education) was retrieved from Statistics Sweden. We estimated the association between asthma and all-cause mortality using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Effect modification by LLC or parental SES was studied using interaction terms in the adjusted model.RESULTS: The adjusted hazard rate (adjHR) for all-cause mortality in asthma cases versus non-asthma cases was 1.46 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.62). The highest increased rate appeared to be for those aged 5-15 years. In persons with asthma and without LLC, the adjHR remained increased at 1.33 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.50), but differed (p=0.002) from those with asthma and LLC, with an adjHR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.22). Parental SES did not alter the association (income, p=0.55; education, p=0.83).CONCLUSION: This study shows that asthma is associated with an increased mortality in children and young adults regardless of LLC or parental SES. Further research is warranted to investigate the possible mechanisms for this association.
|
|
| 7. |
- Caffrey Osvald, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Parental socioeconomic status and asthma in children : using a population-based cohort and family design
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 52:1, s. 94-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The observed association between the parental socioeconomic status (SES, measured as education/income) and asthma or wheezing in offspring may be explained by confounding of unmeasured factors (shared genes and family environment). We aimed to study the association between parental SES and asthma/wheeze using cousin-comparison.METHOD: Data was collected on individuals born in Sweden 2001-2013. Parental SES (education and income) was gathered from Statistics Sweden. Asthma/wheeze was identified using national health registers. The association between parental SES at birth and incident asthma/wheeze was estimated using Cox regression also comparing differently exposed cousins. The association between parental SES at five years and current asthma was estimated using logistic regression.RESULTS: Included were 955 371 individuals. Mothers with compulsory school only (lowest education group) compared to those with further education (highest education group) was associated with incident asthma/wheeze below one year of age HRadj=1.45(1.38-1.52) and over one year of age HRadj=1.17(1.13-1.20). The corresponding estimates for the lowest income group were HRadj=1.61(1.54-1.69) and HRadj=0.94(0.92-0.97) respectively. In maternal cousin-comparisons, the associations for asthma/wheeze over one year of age was HRadj=1.21(1.05-1.40) for compulsory school only and HRadj=0.94 (0.84-1.07) for the lowest income group. The ORadj for current asthma at five years was 1.05(1.00-1.11) for mother's compulsory school only and 0.98(0.94-1.02) for mother's lowest income group. Results for estimates were similar for father's SES.CONCLUSION: We confirm an association between low parental SES (measured as education) and asthma/wheeze. Cousin-comparison suggests that this association is not wholly due to confounding of unknown familial factors, therefore supporting a causal relationship. The relationship between parental income and asthma/wheeze is less clear. This study is important for understanding risk factors for asthma/wheeze and for future prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the possible mechanisms for association between parental education and asthma/wheeze.
|
|
| 8. |
- Clark, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Island gentrification and space wars
- 2007
-
Ingår i: A world of islands. - 9789993286103 ; , s. 483-512
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Danley, Therese, 1986-
(författare)
-
Rough starts and tough times : geographies of workers and firms in transition
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Economic change can lead to multiple and sometimes conflicting outcomes for workers, employers, and regions. At the center of economic change are the dynamic interactions among diverse workers and firms in specific labor market contexts. This thesis approached those spatial interactions from the perspective of labor market matching, where the different opportunities for workers and firms to match were investigated. This adds to the growing body of literature that seeks to understand what factors are behind the growing regional divergence in earnings and employment, and who is particularly impacted by the uneven labor market changes. To this end, the aim of this thesis was to analyze the regional patterns and outcomes for workers and firms in the labor market matching process. Four quantitative studies were conducted using data from Swedish administrative registers from 1995 to 2012. Given that the dynamics of labor market matching are complex, the studies approached the aim from different angles and for different groups of workers. In particular, the outcomes and patterns were investigated in relation to crucial periods for workers and firms, where frictions in labor market matching could potentially have particularly negative effects. The studies investigated earnings, employment, and hiring for young workers in low-paid jobs, for workers displaced by firm closures, and for new firms competing for survival. The empirical results indicate the importance of a flexible labor market that facilitates the matching process where individuals' existing competencies can be applied and developed. This is a particular challenge for workers who lose their jobs to establishment closures outside the large regions, since the results show that worse job matches and less productive re-employment opportunities are more common and can have particularly negative consequences in smaller and more peripheral regions. However, even if there are more job opportunities in larger regions, the results suggest the opportunities are not necessarily accessible to everyone. Results indicate that workers in low-wage jobs do not benefit from a boost in earnings in larger regions, which may put them in a precarious situation considering the higher cost of living in those regions. Lastly, the thesis highlights the importance of not only individual human capital in determining a job match, but also its relational dimension which captures how well different workers’ skills are matched to one another in the workplace. This was found to be associated with individual earnings recovery after plant closure and new firm survival. The findings call for policies that carefully combine supply- and demand-side approaches in economic development.
|
|
| 11. |
- Gałecki, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
-
Precision of scoring radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei by unexperienced scorers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 95:9, s. 1251-1258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Dose assessment plays an important role in case of radiological accidents and can be performed by scoring structural changes of chromosome morphology induced in cells by ionizing radiation. The results of such a test are biased by scorer experience, therefore, simple to learn assays are recommended to be used when fast analysis of a large amount of data is needed. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two radiobiological assays - chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei - by unexperienced scorers with the reference values generated by an expert.Materials and methods: Each participant of an EU-funded two-week radiobiology course was asked to score Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to gamma radiation up to 4 Gy. The congruence of students' and expert's scores at each dose and the coherence of the dose-response curve parameters between the students were investigated.Results: Micronucleus test tended to be faster and easier to learn than scoring chromosomal aberrations. However, both assays carried out by inexperienced students showed reasonable dose-response curves.Conclusions: In the case of a large radiological accident involving many casualties, the unexperienced scorers would support the process of biodosimetric triage by cytogenetic biological dosimetry.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Godhe, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical barriers and environmental gradients cause spatial and temporal genetic differentiation of an extensive algal bloom
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 43:6, s. 1130-1142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To test if a phytoplankton bloom is panmictic, or whether geographical and environmental factors cause spatial and temporal genetic structure.Location: Baltic Sea.Method: During four cruises, we isolated clonal strains of the diatom Skeletonema marinoifrom 9 to 10 stations along a 1132 km transect and analysed the genetic structure using eight microsatellites. Using F-statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis we determined if samples were significantly differentiated. A seascape approach was applied to examine correlations between gene flow and oceanographic connectivity, and combined partial Mantel test and RDA based variation partitioning to investigate associations with environmental gradients.Results: The bloom was initiated during the second half of March in the southern and the northern- parts of the transect, and later propagated offshore. By mid-April the bloom declined in the south, whereas high phytoplankton biomass was recorded northward. We found two significantly differentiated populations along the transect. Genotypes were significantly isolated by distance and by the south–north salinity gradient, which illustrated that the effects of distance and environment were confounded. The gene flow among the sampled stations was significantly correlated with oceanographic connectivity. The depletion of silica during the progression of the bloom was related to a temporal population genetic shift.Main conclusions: A phytoplankton bloom may propagate as a continuous cascade and yet be genetically structured over both spatial and temporal scales. The Baltic Sea spring bloom displayed strong spatial structure driven by oceanographic connectivity and geographical distance, which was enhanced by the pronounced salinity gradient. Temporal transition of conditions important for growth may induce genetic shifts and different phenotypic strategies, which serve to maintain the bloom over longer periods.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hedin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Neoliberalization of housing in Sweden : gentrification, filtering, and social polarization
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 102:2, s. 443-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last twenty-five years, housing policy in Sweden has radically changed. Once forming a pillar of the comprehensive welfare system, abbreviated the “Swedish model,” neoliberal housing politics have established market-governed housing provision with a minimum of state engagement. This shift has had consequences on the social geography of housing conditions. The research reported here analyzes social geographic change in Sweden's three largest cities—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö—between 1986 and 2001, relating observed patterns of gentrification and filtering to cycles of accumulation and to neoliberalization of housing policies. First, we outline the neoliberalization of Swedish housing policies. We then present an empirical analysis of gentrification and filtering in the three cities, spanning two boom periods (1986–1991, 1996–2001) and a bust period (1991–1996). The data reveal social geographic polarization manifested in the growth of supergentrification and low-income filtering. The analysis also introduces the concept of ordinary gentrification, supporting the move in gentrification research toward a broad generic conception of the process. Political reforms after 2001 are summarized and we argue that these underlie the continued increase in inequality and that the social geographic polarization mapped between 1986 and 2001 has probably intensified during this decade.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hedlund, Martin, 1987-
(författare)
-
Growth and decline in rural Sweden : geographical distribution of employment and population 1960–2010
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates the combination of changes in the population and employment into sectors in rural Sweden for the period 1960-2010. The aim is to describe and analyze the demographic changes together with the labour market changes, and to account for the spatial outcome of these changes by considering the heterogeneity of rural areas. The analysis departs from the framework of rural restructuring, where changes in employment and population in rural Sweden are interpreted as local products of the global processes of technological development, social modernization and globalization. Empirically, the analysis is based on a combination of longitudinal censuses and register data on the Swedish population covering the period 1960-2010.The first part of the aim is achieved by applying a life-course perspective and exploiting the longitudinal nature of the data. The life-course perspective distinguishes between historical time and the age of individuals, making it possible to situate changes in employment and migration on the individual level. The second part of the aim is achieved through developing a typology of rural Sweden by doing a cluster analysis on SAMS-areas.The results show that rural change after 1980 was characterized by de-industrialization and the rise of the urban service sector. The period was also characterized by regional urbanization rather than local urbanization. Peripheral urban and rural areas based on industrial employment found themselves with a declining economic motor, which meant that people had to find their source of income elsewhere. The migration stream in this period was thus increasingly directed towards metropolitan or large city centers, and their rural surroundings within commuting distance. However, the more fine-tuned spatial typology reveals that also a few areas in the rural periphery have experienced growth, these areas are mainly attractive places based on various kinds of tourism. It can thus be concluded that different rural areas have experienced, and will continue to experience, the shift from manufacturing to services differently, where some areas have grown in both demographic and employment terms while others have declined. In this sense the heterogeneity of rural areas are a product of both growth and decline – of old development paths that is reaching their end and of new development paths that will continue into the future.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hedlund, Martin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Restructuring of rural Sweden : employment transition and out-migration of three cohorts born 1945–1980
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 42, s. 123-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rural restructuring has established itself in recent years as a popular area for research. However, the empirical findings are contested and criticism has been raised against its one-sided focus on agriculture and the British countryside. Drawing on Swedish longitudinal register data from three cohorts, we argue that there is empirical support for a restructuring process in rural areas. However, changes in agriculture are largely irrelevant considering the general picture – instead, it is the rise and fall of manufacturing and rural public sector employment, along with the recent growth of urban service sector employment, that comprise the contemporary economic restructuring of rural areas. We conclude that the contemporary restructuring in rural areas should be separated from a previous restructuring which went from agriculture to manufacturing.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hjälm, Anna, 1977-
(författare)
-
A family landscape : On the geographical distances between elderly parents and adult children in Sweden
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a background in the ageing of the population and the new challenges facing individuals, families and the welfare state, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the changing family landscape and the geographical distances between elderly parents and adult children. The thesis consists of four empirical studies derived from three different sources of data: In the first paper (Paper I), historical population data is combined with modern register data for two Swedish regions. In the second and third papers, individual-level register data covering the entire Swedish population serves as the empirical starting point. The fourth paper leaves the registers aside and builds upon interviews. Paper I provides an introduction and historical background to the question of intergenerational geographical proximity and distance. The paper analyses intergenerational distances and seeks to compare and discuss the significance of the variations. It is shown that concerning extreme proximity a great decrease has occurred over 200 years, however when it comes to having kin within reach the decrease is less dramatic, and that now, just as then, a majority of elderly parents have an adult child within reach. The article concludes that even though geographical distances between generations vary over time and space, no clear linear trend towards intergenerational geographical separation can be established. In Paper II we analyse some features and trends in intergenerational distances in Sweden. We find that 10% of all elderly parents have at least one child living very close and that a majority, 85%, have an adult child within reach. The study shows no clear trend towards increasing intergenerational separation, but suggests that periods of intense societal restructuring, such urbanisation, can lead to spells of increased intergenerational separation on an aggregated level. Paper III investigates whether, and to what extent, elderly parents and adult children move close to each other. We find that even though the older generation makes up a smaller share of the moves made, when they do move they are more likely to move closer to an adult child. Further, having more than one relative at a destination adds to the attraction, and that older elderly are less likely to move close to a child than younger elderly. One interpretation is that young-old parents serve as a resource for their adult children, while older elderly are more influenced by the need for welfare state based assistance. The last paper, IV, returns to the elderly parents living very close to an adult child. In interviews with 14 elderly the aim of the paper is to gain new understanding about the interaction between intergenerational proximity, assistance and the meaning of being close. Some of the issues raised in the paper relate to migration histories, reciprocity and independence.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Karlsson, Terese, et al.
(författare)
-
Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes from the Prostate Cancer Cell Line TRAMP-C1 Impair Osteoclast Formation and Differentiation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal metastatic disease is a deleterious consequence of dissemination of tumor cells from numerous primary sites, such as prostate, lung and breast. Skeletal metastases are still incurable, resulting in development of clinical complications and decreased survival for cancer patients with metastatic disease. During the last decade, tumor cell-derived microvesicles have been identified and suggested to be involved in cancer disease progression. Whether cancer exosomes are involved in tumor and bone cell interactions in the metastatic site is still, however, a rather unexplored field. Here we show that exosomes isolated from the murine prostate cancer cell line TRAMP-C1 dramatically decrease fusion and differentiation of monocytic osteoclast precursors to mature, multinucleated osteoclasts. The presence of tumor cell-derived exosomes also clearly decreased the expression of established markers for osteoclast fusion and differentiation, including DC-STAMP, TRAP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9. In contrast, exosomes derived from murine fibroblastic cells did not affect osteoclast formation. Our findings suggest that exosomes released from tumor cells in the tumor-bone interface are involved in pathological regulation of bone cell formation in the metastatic site. This further strengthens the role of tumor cell-derived microvesicles in cancer progression and disease aggressiveness.
|
|
| 20. |
- Kulu, Hill, et al.
(författare)
-
Is spatial mobility on the rise or in decline? : An order-specific analysis of the migration of young adults in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 72:3, s. 323-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate spatial mobility over time. Research on 'new mobilities' suggests increasing movement of individuals, technology, and information. By contrast, studies of internal migration report declining spatial mobility in recent decades. Using longitudinal register data from Sweden, we calculate annual order-specific migration rates to investigate the spatial mobility of young adults over the last three decades. We standardize mobility rates for educational enrolment, educational level, family status, and place of residence to determine how much changes in individuals' life domains explain changes in mobility. Young adults' migration rates increased significantly in the 1990s; although all order-specific migration rates increased, first migration rates increased the most. Changes in population composition, particularly increased enrolment in higher education, accounted for much of the elevated spatial mobility in the 1990s. The analysis supports neither ever increasing mobility nor a long-term rise in rootedness among young adults in Sweden.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Lundholm, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Asthma and subsequent school performance at age 15-16 years : A Swedish population-based sibling control study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma may negatively affect children's school performance, such as grades and exam results. Results from previous studies have shown varying results and may have suffered from confounding and other biases. We used a Swedish population-based cohort of 570,595 children with data on asthma (including severity and control) in Grades 7-8 and 9, school performance from Grade 9 (grade point sum, non-eligibility for upper secondary school and national test results) and measured confounders from national registers. We used sibling comparisons to account for unmeasured familial factors. Children with asthma and severe asthma performed slightly better in school than children without asthma when adjusting for measured confounders, but the associations were attenuated in sibling comparisons. In contrast, children with uncontrolled asthma performed slightly worse (e.g. Grade 9: βadj = -9.9; 95% CI -12.8 to -7.0; Cohen's d = 0.16). This association remained for uncontrolled asthma in Grade 9 in sibling comparisons (Grade 9: β = -7.7 points; 95% CI -12.6 to -2.6; Cohen's d = 0.12), but not for Grades 7-8. The attenuation of estimates when controlling for familial factors using sibling comparisons suggests that the differences were due to familial factors, rather than being causal. The remaining associations in sibling comparisons between uncontrolled asthma in Grade 9 and school performance are consistent with a causal association.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Are movers still the same? : Characteristics of interregional migrants in Sweden 1970 - 2001
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. - : John Wiley & Sons Inc.. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. ; 98:3, s. 336-348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate interregional migration in Sweden during the last three decades and to discuss the effects that changes on the labour market and in household structures have had on migration patterns. The empirical data consists of all interregional migrants in Sweden from 1970 to 2001. The results indicate that the pattern of labour market-related migration has changed as more migrants today migrate at an age prior to having become established on the labour market. The increase in interregional migration is to a large extent an effect of increased student migration. The study further shows that changed household structures have also had an impact on migration patterns during the studied period. Interregional migration among families has become rarer as dual income households have become the norm.
|
|
| 24. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Between elderly parents and grandchildren : Geographic proximity and trends in four-generation families
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Population Ageing. - Oxford : Springer Netherlands. - 1874-7884 .- 1874-7876. ; 2:3-4, s. 121-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an ageing society, families may have an important role in the caretaking and well-being of the elderly. Demographic changes have an impact on the size and structure of families; one aspect is how intergenerational support is distributed when there is a need for support to both older and younger generations at the same time. Another vital aspect of the provision of care for the elderly is geographic proximity. This study is oriented towards the potential “both-end carers” i.e. persons who have grandchildren in potential need of care while still having living ageing parents. The incidence of having grandchildren and having living parents at age 55 and the proximity between generations is described using Swedish register data. The results show that the share of 55-year-olds who are grandparents decreased dramatically from 70% to 35% between 1990 and 2005. As expected, more 55-year-olds have living parents—a proportion that increased from 37% to 47% during this period. As a result of delayed childbearing among the children of these cohorts, the likelihood of belonging to a four-generation family among 55-year-olds has not increased, despite increased longevity. Furthermore, most individuals live within daily reach of their kin and no evidence was found of a trend of increasing geographic distances between generations.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Den sociala ekonomin i glesa miljöer : en teoretisk diskussion
- 2002
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social economy is a concept that nowadays is often used in discussions about local development. This essay is a theoretical discussion dealing with the definition of the concept of social economy linked to the processes of local mobilisation in sparsely populated areas. The initiative of this essay came from Nätverket för kooperativt och socialt företagande and it is a part of a project to scientifically document the signification of social economy in a region in northern Sweden which is considered as Objective 5b region according to the EU regional policy. Social economy is a part of what is sometimes called the “third sector”, activities that are neither strictly classified as public sector nor private sector. Activities in this sector are always a result of individuals seeking by united effort to supply a common need. This process takes place in a certain location and is dependent on the conditions and people in that place. Therefore it is interesting to evaluate the characteristics of the people and places where the process of local mobilisation has been successful. From the basis of a number of case studies found in literature, my own case study (1999), the experience of people working at Nätverket and scientific theories of various kinds a model has been constructed to describe the variety of processes vital to the process of local mobilisation. A comparison with the product life cycle model describes the development of a local mobilisation process over time. The positive effects of a successful mobilisation is obvious while even small improvements in supply of service or activities in a sparsely populated area can make a big difference for the people who live there. The road to a successful local mobilisation is not without obstacles as it is dependent first and last on the commitment of people. Another important conclusion is that the process of local mobilisation is highly dependent on the local structural conditions and can not be forced by external volition.
|
|
| 26. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Family ties and retirement in Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Social Science History Association 33rd Annual Meeting Miami USA, October 2008.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Gains and losses : - outcomes of interregional migration in the five Nordic countries
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - Stockholm : Svenska sällskapet för antropologi och geografi. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 88:B1, s. 35-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the outcome of interregional migration in various aspects from the migrants' perspective. It is based on a survey, including 6 000 interregional migrants in the five Nordic countries. The results indicate that interregional migration leads to a positive outcome for most migrants and few people seem to be forced to make decisions including painful tradeoffs. Motives have an effect on what aspects of outcome migrants are satisfied with. The influence of individual migrants' characteristics on migration outcome revealed few significant effects. Migrants claimed to be most satisfied with living conditions and less satisfied with the livelihood after moving. To be satisfied with social conditions turned out to be crucially important for the general outcome of migration.
|
|
| 29. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Income distribution in family networks by gender and proximity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 26:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas the significance of family networks for support and well‐being has been shown in previous research, few studies have analysed the income distribution within family networks. The aim of this study is to examine income distribution within family networks and how they have changed over time for women and men in different parts of the income distribution and if the incomes are more similar in the geographically proximate family network. The analysis is based on register data and by use of ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions. The results indicate that men in the lowest income group tend to have become more similar to their family network over time. Gender differences have decreased, possibly as an effect of women's higher labour market participation rate leading to decreased income disparity. This paper contributes by highlighting how the uneven distribution of economic resources in family networks adds to individual's own resources.
|
|
| 30. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Interregional migration propensity and labour market size in Sweden, 1970-2001
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 44, s. 455-464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tendency in several European countries toward an increase in commuting has sometimes been presented as one possible explanation for why interregional migration propensity has decreased. This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of job availability on migration propensity over time. Other studies have shown that the size of the labour market has an effect on migration propensity. The same effect was found in this study. However, no evidence was found that job availability has become more influential on migration over time. The process of extended commuting has thus not made commuting opportunities more important as explanatory factor for interregional migration.
|
|
| 31. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Migration and regional differences in access to local family networks among 60-year olds in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Population Ageing. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1874-7884 .- 1874-7876. ; 8:3, s. 173-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional variations in access to local family networks has implications for future care burdens in different regions as well as the living conditions for both older and younger generations. The geographical distance between family members is a long-term consequence of accumulated migration and non-migration undertaken by the individual as well as other family members. This study contributes to this subject through offering a description of regional disparities in the access to local family networks among 60-year olds in Sweden. Additionally, this paper aims to analyse this pattern as an outcome of long-distance migration processes. The empirical study is based on Swedish register data, with a focus on 60-year olds in Sweden, linking them to their adult children, siblings and parents as well as in-laws. The dataset includes total population, where it is possible to identify family networks in their geographical context on various geographic scales, down to a neighbourhood level. As expected, results indicate that families in metropolitan areas are the most concentrated geographically while the left behind parent, embedded in a local network in their own and older generation, is a small category in urban areas but quite common in some rural municipalities. It is also shown that access to local family networks not only varies on a broad rural–urban scale but also locally, between neighbourhoods within metropolitan areas.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
New motives for migration? : On interregional mobility in the nordic context
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subject of this thesis is migrants’ motives and the outcomes of interregional migration, as well as how the propensity for interregional migration has changed for different groups over the past three decades. The background consists of a discussion on the role of the labour market in long-distance migration decisions and a discussion on how social and economic change affect the context in which migration decisions are made. The thesis consists of four empirical studies presented in four separate papers. The studies derive from two sources of data. Papers I and II are based on a Nordic survey, while Papers III and IV draw from Swedish population register data. Paper I focuses on migrants’ perceptions of the migration decision, motives, voluntariness, attitudes and values, based on a survey. The conclusion of this paper is that employment is by no means a dominating motive from the migrant’s perspective. Additionally, very few migrants explicitly express a sense of being forced to migrate against their will. Paper II is also based on the survey and examines the migrants’ perceptions of the outcome of migration in economic and non-economic terms. This paper further supports the view that employment and income gain are in most cases subordinate in the migration decision from the individual migrants’ point of view. Paper III is a register study comparing the composition of interregional migrants in Sweden during the period 1970-2001. In this study, it becomes evident that the increase in migration rates in the 1990’s was an effect of increased migration among young people. Compared to 1970, increasingly more people migrated during a time in life when they were not yet established on the labour market and had no family. Paper IV is also a register study comparing the effect of commuting potential on migration propensity in Sweden during the period 1970-2001. This paper concludes that increased commuting should be interpreted as a result of, rather than an explanation for, long-distance migration reluctance. Migration literature suggests that long-distance migration is primarily labour-market induced. This is evident in the sense that long-distance migration requires a new job in a new locality for those who are in the labour force, but this study show that this does not necessarily mean that employment is the main motive in the migrant’s mind; the trigger is usually something else, often related to social relationships. The pattern of interregional migration has changed over time. Compared to the 1970’s, more people now migrate at a time when they are not established on the labour market, and other considerations besides employment are thus more relevant. An important explanation for the current immobility among families and employed persons is attributed to the increase in dual-career households during the period studied. This has changed the aggregated migration behaviour everywhere, regardless of commuting potential, but enhanced constraints for interregional migration in this group could be seen as an explanation for the observed increase in commuting.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Return to where? : The geography of elderly return migration in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Urban and Regional Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7764 .- 1461-7145. ; 22:1, s. 92-103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are considerable regional differences when it comes to age composition, as rural areas are ageing more rapidly as a result of age-selective migration. Eras of urbanization and counter-urbanization are also making their mark on migration patterns from a long-term perspective. The current generation approaching retirement age in Sweden is a generation of urbanization, thereby constituting a potential for return migration, especially to some rural regions many people of this generation left decades ago. The aim of this paper is to compare rates of return migration in municipalities in Sweden in order to identify regions where return migration is particularly important, and also to identify which regions are the most attractive for return migration. The empirical study is based on Swedish register data, and the results indicate that the rate of return migration varies considerably between regions; some are more attractive for return migration, yet return migrants might be most significant in the regions that attract few other migrants. Another conclusion is that the regions that lost a greater share of this generation on account of previous migration often fail to attract return migrants.
|
|
| 36. |
- Lundholm, Emma, 1975-
(författare)
-
Returning home? : Migration to birthplace among migrants after age 55
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 18:1, s. 74-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the large post-war cohorts reach retirement age, there is a growing potential for later-life migrants. Not only are these cohorts large in number; they are also healthier and can make plans for a substantially long period to enjoy retirement. Additionally, in Sweden this generation is largely one of urbanization, which means that many have a linkage to the rural areas where they grew up. Attracting this potential of returning retirees is one strategy to counteract population decline: in some rural areas, politicians target returning retirees as potential in-migrants. Returning to one's origin is one potential motivation for migration later in life, once employment is no longer a restraining factor to a particular place, and it becomes possible to choose a place of residence more freely. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which returning to one's roots is a factor in interregional migration in Sweden in the age group of 55–70 years. Data consist of all persons in Sweden aged 55–70 during the period 2003–2005, including their permanent residence and parish of birth. The results indicate that approximately one out of five migrants in this group who move further than 30 km are return migrants while about ten per cent return to parish. The results further confirm that migration in this age group, particularly return migration, is oriented towards rural areas. People born in the rural areas are also more prone to return at older age compared to those born in urban settings.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Mackay, Heather
(författare)
-
Food, farming and health in Ugandan secondary cities
- 2019
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research contributes to countering a large city research bias by focusing on the food, farming and health experiences of two secondary cities of Uganda: Mbale and Mbarara. It is not an apocalyptic story. Like anywhere in the world, for some residents things were going well; for others, less well. My research explores the varied geometries of advantage and disadvantage in diets, food security, and livelihood circumstances to shed light on why things were more secure for some than for others. I used multiple methods including a household survey, focus groups with local healthcare professionals, and in-depth interviews with varied city residents. A geographic perspective explored intersections of food, farming and health with aspects of identity (such as gender, class, tribe), and with place (the city itself, but also with rural areas, or other urban areas). The starting point was the theorised food system, nutritional and epidemiologic transitions predicted to occur with urban development, often called nutrition transition theory. My research suggests caution with dominant models of how urban life shifts food and farming systems towards a food system and diet pattern focused around large retailer supermarkets, processed foods, fast foods, more meat, less agriculture, less movement. Nutrition transition theory postulates these changes causing a shift in epidemiology from infectious to non-infectious diseases in urban areas. Instead of the suggestion from nutrition transition theory, my work presents evidence of non-communicable disease (obesity, diabetes, hypertension) experience in Mbale and Mbarara’s residents, but without evidence of advanced change in food and farming systems. Findings revealed relatively low dietary diversities and common food insecurity. Diets remained predominantly traditional, as did the main food sources (traditional markets and neighbourhood shops), across diverse residents. The more food secure had regular salaried employment and strong relational links with rural farms and family, supporting work on multi-spatial livelihoods. This contrasts with earlier ideas of who farms the African city, or retains farming livelihoods. Most vulnerable to food insecurity and low diet diversity were those who were most dependent on purchasing all their food. In conclusion, this research suggests that food system, nutritional and epidemiologic transitions in Mbale and Mbarara may be less linked than previously thought, or linked in more complex ways. Other drivers of epidemiologic change are likely. Findings highlight the importance of local data and specific city investigations.
|
|
| 39. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Does second-home ownership trigger migration in later life?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - : Wiley. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 22:3, s. 228-240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a result of the ongoing urbanization trend in many countries, most rural and peripheral areas are suffering from depopulation and out-migration. Nevertheless, some rural areas are experiencing a net in-flow of older migrants. One explanation mentioned is that people own second homes that are converted into permanent homes in later life. However, this description has rarely been tested empirically. Rather, it has been described as residual for migration into rural areas. Three hypotheses have been put forward in relation to second homes as a trigger for migration in later life. The first is that second-home owners are less inclined to move but utilize their second home more as a substitute for permanent amenity migration. The second is that owners are more likely to move as they have the opportunity to move permanently to their second home, while the third is that second-home owners would be more likely to downsize from their permanent home and make housing adjustments. This study attempts to answer the question if second-home ownership triggers migration in later life and if it is a matter of housing adjustment or converting a second home into a permanent home. This is performed by analysing microdata covering all individuals in Sweden in the 55–70-years age range in the 1999–2008 period. Results support the hypothesis that second-home ownership triggers migration in later life and, by so doing, imply that a life course perspective is valuable for our understanding of migration in later life and that not only permanent migration but also experiences of temporary mobility are relevant for migration biographies.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Mulder, Clara H., et al.
(författare)
-
Young Adults’ Migration to Cities in Sweden : Do Siblings Pave the Way?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Demography. - : Springer. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 57, s. 2221-2244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young adult internal migration forms a large share of the influx of people into largecities in the developed world. We investigate the role of the residential locations ofsiblings for young adults’ migration to large cities, using the case of Sweden and itsfour largest cities: Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö/Lund, and Uppsala. We use registerdata for the full Swedish-born population of young adults aged 18–28 living in Swedenin the years 2007–2013 and multinomial logistic regression analyses of migrating toeach of the four cities or migrating elsewhere versus not migrating. Our point ofdeparture is the paving-the-way hypothesis, which posits that young adults who havea sibling living at a migration destination are particularly likely to move to thatdestination, more so than to other destinations. Additional hypotheses are related tohaving more than one sibling in the city and to the gender of siblings living at thedestination. We find support for the paving-the-way hypothesis and an additional effectfor having more than one sibling in the city. Having a sibling of the same gender in acity matters more for moving there than having a sibling of the opposite gender.
|
|
| 42. |
- Mulder, Clara H., et al.
(författare)
-
Young adults' return migration from large cities in Sweden : The role of siblings and parents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 26:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Living in cities affects young adults' access to education and work. With the use of register data for 2000-2013, we examined the role of having siblings and parents living close by and having siblings and parents living in the area of origin, in young adults' return migration from the four largest cities in Sweden. We found that young adults were less likely to return, and also less likely to migrate elsewhere, if they had siblings or parents living in the city of residence than if this was not the case. If the parents no longer lived in the region of origin, the young adults were very unlikely to return. Young adults were more likely to return if they had siblings living in that region than if they had no siblings or the siblings lived elsewhere. Adverse circumstances such as dropping out of tertiary education, low income, and unemployment were associated with a greater likelihood of return migration.
|
|
| 43. |
- Möller, Peter, 1974-
(författare)
-
Young adults in rural tourism areas
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines how tourism affects conditions for young adults in rural areas. Such a study lies at the intersection of research about tourism impacts, adult transition, and rural areas. The aim is to examine how largescale tourism affects the opportunities for young adults living in rural areas; their perception of place and the perceived opportunities and obstacles that tourism provides.The thesis utilizes a mixed method approach. A quantitative study based on micro-data on individuals identifies the patterns and magnitudes of the mechanisms by which tourism affects population change among young adults. Interview methods are used in the case study area, Sälen, to investigate these mechanisms in depth. Finally, the rural–urban dichotomy is explored in a conceptual study that asks how tourism affects the perception of a local village as either rural or urban. Young inhabitants in rural areas are rarely considered in tourism research; therefore, the main contribution of this thesis is that it illuminates how tourism affects conditions for young adults in rural areas.The thesis reveals a substantial impact on the adult transition, mainly due to easier access to the labor market and a good supply of jobs during the high season. Further, the large number of people passing through creates flows of opportunities to make friends, get a job, or just meet people. All of these factors contribute to high mobility in these places, and to the perception of them as places where things happen. The high mobility in Sälen implies that fixed migrant categories (such as stayers and leavers) are largely insufficient. The tourism environment creates a space that is always under construction and continually producing new social relations mainly perceived as opportunities. Conceptualizing this as a modern rurality is a way to move beyond the often implicit notions of urban as modern and rural as traditional.
|
|
| 44. |
- Neyse, Sarper, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual gains and trade-offs from counterurban migration in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Regional Studies, Regional Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1376. ; 11:1, s. 419-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Counterurban migration is known to be driven by lifestyle motivations, in which employment considerations are more of an enabling factor than a driver. In this paper, the self-reported motives, along with labour-market and lifestyle outcomes, of counterurban migration are investigated. The focus is on trade-offs between work-related and lifestyle-related amenities for different subgroups based on recent survey data in Sweden collected from families with children in 2018–2019 who left metropolitan regions. The key results indicate that, overall, counterurban movers are satisfied with their decision and the majority cite the importance of lifestyle amenities over work-related amenities. Our conclusion is that, besides voluntary trade-offs, counterurban migration does not necessarily pose a trade-off between labour-market and lifestyle-related amenities since, to a large extent, individuals reported better outcomes in both areas. This study makes two contributions. Firstly, the data considers self-reported outcomes, including labour-market outcomes beyond income and lifestyle outcomes. Secondly, we explore individual characteristics of counterurban migrants in relation to post-migration outcomes in different destinations.
|
|
| 45. |
- Osvald, Emma Caffrey, et al.
(författare)
-
Asthma and all-cause mortality in children and young adults - a Swedish population based study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 54:Suppl. 63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Little is known about the relationship between asthma in children and young adults and all-cause mortality. Studies suggest an increased rate of death among adults with asthma. Additionally among children, there is a rising prevalence of life-limiting conditions, defined as conditions with no hope of cure.Aim: To investigate the association between asthma and all-cause mortality in children and young adults aged 1-25 years and to explore if this effect is modified by life-limiting conditions.Method: This register based study includes 2,775,430 individuals born in Sweden between January 1986 and December 2012. Asthma cases, those with life-limiting conditions and other covariates were identified using Swedish national registers. The association between asthma and all-cause mortality was estimated using Cox proportional hazards model. A Cox model with an interaction term between asthma and life-limiting condition was also fitted to assess effect modification.Results: 261,322 asthma cases were identified during the follow-up. The unadjusted all-cause mortality rate for asthma cases was greater than for non-asthma cases with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.67 (95% CI 1.54-1.83). Adjusting for covariates altered the HR to 1.46 (95% CI 1.33-1.62). Having a life-limiting condition was a significant effect modifier (p=0.002); for patients with a life-limiting condition the HR was 1.86 (95% CI 1.57-2.22) and in patients without a life-limiting condition the HR was 1.33 (95% CI 1.18-1.49).Conclusion: All-cause mortality in children and young adults is higher in those with asthma compared to those without asthma. Life-limiting conditions modify the effect of asthma on all-cause mortality.
|
|
| 46. |
- Rhedin, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children – A population-based cohort study of over 2 million children
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7762. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although severe acute COVID-19 is rare in children, SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger the novel post-infectious condition multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Increased knowledge on risk factors for MIS-C could improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition and better guide targeted public health interventions. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for MIS-C with the aim to identify vulnerable children. Methods: A register-based cohort study including all children and adolescents <19 years born in Sweden between March 1, 2001- December 31, 2020 was performed. Data on sociodemographic risk factors and comorbidities (sex, age, parental region of birth, parental education, asthma, autoimmune disease, chromosomal anomalies, chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, obesity, life-limiting condition) were retrieved from national health and population registers. The outcome was MIS-C diagnosis according to the Swedish Pediatric Rheumatology Quality Register during March 1, 2020 – December 8, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression analysis. Incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution. Findings: Among 2 117 443 children included in the study, 253 children developed MIS-C, corresponding to an incidence rate of 6·8 (95% CI: 6·0-7·6) per 100 000 person-years. Male sex (HR 1·65, 95% CI: 1·28-2·14), age 5-11 years (adjusted HR 1·44, 95% CI: 1·06-1·95 using children 0-4 years as reference), foreign-born parents (HR 2·53, 95% CI: 1·93-3·34), asthma (aHR 1·49, 95% CI: 1·00-2·20), obesity (aHR 2·15, 95% CI: 1·09-4·25) and life-limiting conditions (aHR 3·10, 95% CI: 1·80-5·33) were associated with MIS-C. Children 16-18 years had a reduced risk for MIS-C (aHR 0·45, 95% CI: 0·24-0·85). Interpretation: We report increased risks for MIS-C in children with male sex, age 5-11 years, foreign-born parents, asthma, obesity, and life-limiting condition. Knowing these risk populations might facilitate identification of children with MIS-C and potentially guide targeted public health interventions. Nevertheless, the absolute risks for MIS-C were very low. Funding: Financial support was provided from the Swedish Research Council (grant no 2018-02640), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (grant no 20210416), the Asthma and Allergy Association, Ake Wiberg foundation, the Samariten Foundation, the Society of Child Care, and Region Stockholm.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Rolf, Julia, et al.
(författare)
-
The enlarged population of marginal zone/CD1d(high) B lymphocytes in nonobese diabetic mice maps to diabetes susceptibility region Idd11.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 174:8, s. 4821-4827
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NOD mouse is an important experimental model for human type 1 diabetes. T cells are central to NOD pathogenesis, and their function in the autoimmune process of diabetes has been well studied. In contrast, although recognized as important players in disease induction, the role of B cells is not clearly understood. In this study we characterize different subpopulations of B cells and demonstrate that marginal zone (MZ) B cells are expanded 2- to 3-fold in NOD mice compared with nondiabetic C57BL/6 (B6) mice. The NOD MZ B cells displayed a normal surface marker profile and localized to the MZ region in the NOD spleen. Moreover, the MZ B cell population developed early during the ontogeny of NOD mice. By 3 wk of age, around the time when autoreactive T cells are first activated, a significant MZ B cell population of adult phenotype was found in NOD, but not B6, mice. Using an F2(B6 x NOD) cross in a genome-wide scan, we map the control of this trait to a region on chromosome 4 (logarithm of odds score, 4.4) which includes the Idd11 and Idd9 diabetes susceptibility loci, supporting the hypothesis that this B cell trait is related to the development of diabetes in the NOD mouse.
|
|
| 49. |
- Sandow, Erika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Leaving the city : counterurbanisation and internal return migration in Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Population. - : Springer. - 0168-6577 .- 1572-9885. ; 39:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines counterurban migration among young families with children in Sweden and the extent to which these moves reflect return migration, recognising the role of family members and family roots at the destination from a life course perspective. Drawing on register data for all young families with children leaving the Swedish metropolitan areas during the years 2003–2013, we analyse the pattern of counterurban moves and explore how the families’ socioeconomic characteristics, childhood origins, and links to family networks are associated with becoming a counterurban mover and choice of destination. The results show that four out of ten counterurban movers are former urban movers who choose to return to their home region. Among them, almost all have family at the destination, indicating that family ties are important for counterurban migration. In general, urban residents with a background outside metropolitan areas are much more likely to become counterurban movers. Families’ previous residential experiences during childhood, particularly in rural areas, are found to be associated with the residential environment they choose to resettle in when leaving the big city. Counterurban movers making a return move are similar to other counterurban movers in relation to employment status, but tend to be better off economically and move longer distances than other counterurban movers.
|
|
| 50. |
- Sandow, Erika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Which families move out from metropolitan areas? : Counterurban migration and professions in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Urban and Regional Studies. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7764 .- 1461-7145. ; 27:3, s. 276-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing revitalisation of the counterurbanisation research within population geography by nuancing counterurban migration beyond the rural–urban dichotomy, including all moves downwards in the urban hierarchy. The focus is to explore counterurban migration patterns among families with children leaving Swedish metropolitan areas, and whether some groups of skilled professions are more likely to make a counterurban move than others. Using register data on all families moving out from metropolitan areas in Sweden during the period 2003–2013, we found a small but steady outflow of families, mainly to medium-sized or small towns. The highly educated are overrepresented among these families, thus providing potential for an inflow of competence to the receiving areas. Contrary to expected, the assumed flexibility in time and space among knowledge sector professionals does not seem to enable them more than others to pursue counterurban moves. Instead, public sector professionals characterise families making a counterurban move to all destination regions, while men with a profession within arts and crafts to a higher extent move with their family to more rural areas.
|
|
