| 1. |
- Antonsson, Malin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Disfluencies in spontaneous speech in persons with low-grade glioma before and after surgery
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - 0269-9206. ; 38:4, s. 359-380, s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired lexical retrieval is common in persons with low-grade glioma (LGG). Several studies have reported a discrepancy between subjective word-finding difficulties and results on formal tests. Analysis of spontaneous speech might be more sensitive to signs of word-finding difficulties, hence we aimed to explore disfluencies in a spontaneous-speech task performed by participants with presumed LGG before and after surgery. Further, we wanted to explore how the presence of disfluencies in spontaneous speech differed in the participants with and without objectively established lexical-retrieval impairment and with and without self-reported subjective experience of impaired language, speech and communication. Speech samples of 26 persons with presumed low-grade glioma were analysed with regard to disfluency features. The post-operative speech samples had a higher occurrence of fillers, implying more disfluent language production. The participants performed worse on two of the word fluency tests, and after surgery the number of participants who were assessed as having an impaired lexical retrieval had increased from 6 to 12. The number of participants who experienced a change in their language, speech or communication had increased from 9 to 12. Additional comparisons showed that those with impaired lexical retrieval had a higher proportion of false starts after surgery than those with normal lexical retrieval, and differences in articulation rate and speech rate, favouring those not having experienced any change in language, speech or communication. Taken together, the findings from this study strengthen the existing claim that temporal aspects of language and speech are important when assessing persons with gliomas.
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| 2. |
- Beckley, Amber L., et al.
(författare)
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Association of height and violent criminality : results from a Swedish total population study
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 43:3, s. 835-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Violent criminality is at least moderately heritable, but the mechanisms behind this remain largely unexplained. Height, a highly heritable trait, may be involved but no study has estimated the effect of height on crime while simultaneously accounting for important demographic, biological and other heritable confounders. Methods: We linked nationwide, longitudinal registers for 760 000 men who underwent mandatory military conscription from 1980 through 1992 in Sweden, to assess the association between height and being convicted of a violent crime. We used Cox proportional hazard modelling and controlled for three types of potential confounders: physical characteristics, childhood demographics and general cognitive ability (intelligence). Results: In unadjusted analyses, height had a moderate negative relationship to violent crime; the shortest of men were twice as likely to be convicted of a violent crime as the tallest. However, when simultaneously controlling for all measured confounders, height was weakly and positively related to violent crime. Intelligence had the individually strongest mitigating effect on the height-crime relationship. Conclusions: Although shorter stature was associated with increased risk of violent offending, our analyses strongly suggested that this relationship was explained by intelligence and other confounding factors. Hence, it is unlikely that height, a highly heritable physical characteristic, accounts for much of the unexplained heritability of violent criminality.
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| 3. |
- Dencker, Kerstin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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An approach to proactive assembly systems - Towards competitive assembly systems
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing. - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 9781424405626 ; , s. 294-299
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing competitiveness is highly dependant on companies' ability to rapidly reconfigure their manufacturing and assembly systems. Efforts to approach emerging and self-reconfigurable systems could be successfully complemented by efficient integration of highly flexible human operators into the system. The concept of system proactivity is introduced which is based on the interrelated levels of automation, information, and competence in the assembly system. An ongoing project to develop proactive assembly systems, ProAct, is described.
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| 4. |
- Dencker, Kerstin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristic of a proactive assembly system
- 2008
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Ingår i: MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE NEW FRONTIER. - NEW YORK : SPRINGER. - 9781848002661 - 9781848002678 ; , s. 123-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Competitive assembly systems must cope with frequent demand changes, requiring drastically shortened resetting and ramp-up times. Characteristics of assembly systems capable of rapid change are e.g. Flexibility; Robustness, Agility, and ability to handle frequent changes and disturbances. This paper proposes proactivity as a vital factor of semi-automated assembly systems to increase speed of change. Proactive systems utilize the full potential of human operators and technical systems. Such systems have ability to dynamically change system automation levels, resulting in decrease of time consumed for assembly tasks. Proactivity criteria for assembly systems are reviewed based on theory and industrial case studies
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| 5. |
- Dencker, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Proactive Assembly System : High productive assembly systems supported by skillful operators and appropriate automation
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Manufacturing competitiveness is highly dependant on the companies’ability to rapidly reconfigure their assembly systems. Ongoing efforts to approachself-reconfiguring and “emerging” assembly systems are promising but can besuccessfully complemented by integration of highly flexible human operators intosuch system models. This paper introduces the concept of assembly systemproactivity. The approach is based on interrelated levels of human involvement,automation, and information handling within the assembly system. Presently,assembly system developers react to the companies’ demands, thus developingsolutions, which are direct responses to existing problems, i.e. a highlyreactive approach. Assembly systems need to be more dynamic and evolvable tokeep up with the reduced product life cycles and still be cost efficient. Consequently,assembly systems with the ability to proactively meet emergent and long-termfluctuations concerning product design and volume capacity are required. Suchsystems consist of technical components efficiently integrated with human operatorsto constitute reliable resources in the production system. That way, disturbances canbe minimized and the availability of the entire production system increased.
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| 6. |
- Dencker, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Proactive Assembly Systems : Realizing the Potential of Human Collaboration with Automation
- 2007
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Ingår i: IFAC-CEA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing competitiveness highly depends on companies' ability to rapidly reconfigure their assembly systems. This paper introduces the concept of assembly system proactivity based on interrelated levels of human involvement in a planed way will contribute to increased system ability to proactively address predicted and unpredicted events. Correct involvement of human operators will utilize the full combined potential of human and technical capabilities, also providing cost-efficient assembly system solutions. The ProAct (project presented) will develop proactive assembly system models, evaluating proactive, feature-based solutions. Focus is on realizing the potential of semi-automated system with relevant human involvement, i.e. operators with high skills adding e.g. flexible capability and functionality.
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| 7. |
- Dencker, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Proactive assembly systems-realizing the potential of human collaboration with automation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cost Effective Automation. - : International Federation of Automatic Control. - 9783902661326 ; , s. 79-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing competitiveness relies on the companies' ability to rapidly reconfigure their assembly systems. This paper introduces assembly system proactivity, a concept based on interrelated levels of human involvement, automation, and information handling. Increased and structured human involvement contributes to increased system ability to proactively address predicted and unpredicted events. Correct involvement of human operators will utilize the fully combined potential of human and technical capabilities, providing cost-efficient assembly system solutions. The ProAct project is developing proactive assembly system models and evaluating proactive, feature-based solutions. Focus is on realizing the potential of cost-efficient and semi-automated systems with relevant human involvement, i.e. highly skilled operators that add flexibility and functionality.
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| 8. |
- Dencker, Kerstin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Proactive Assembly Systems – realizing the potential of human collaboration with automation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annual Reviews in Control. - : Elsevier. - 1367-5788 .- 1872-9088. ; 33:2, s. 230-237
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing competitiveness frequently relies on company ability to rapidly reconfigure their assembly systems. This paper introduces assembly system proactivity, a concept based on interrelated levels of automation, human competence, and information handling. Increased and structured human involvement contributes to increased system ability to proactively address predicted and unpredicted events. Correct involvement of human operators will utilize the combined potential of human and technical capabilities, providing cost-efficient assembly system solutions. The ProAct project is developing proactive assembly system models and evaluates proactive, feature-based solutions. Focus is on realising the potential of cost-efficient and semi-automated systems with relevant human involvement, i.e. highly skilled operators who add flexibility and functionality.
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| 9. |
- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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High Burden among Older Family Caregivers is Associated with High Prevalence of Symptoms: Data from the Swedish Study "Good Aging in Skane (GAS)"
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2204 .- 2090-2212. ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim. Certain groups of informal caregivers have been shown to have worse health compared to noncaregivers. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the health and gender aspects of caregiving in an older Swedish population. Methods. Our study included 5457 participants from the longitudinal, general population study "Good Aging in Skane." A total of 33 self-reported symptoms were obtained from questionnaires and were then divided into seven domains: depressive, musculoskeletal, gastrourinary, symptoms related to head, cardiopulmonary, symptoms related to tension, and metabolic symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of developing symptoms in each of the seven domains, regarding caregiving burden and caregiving in relation to gender. Results. We found that caregivers, compared to noncaregivers, had a higher prevalence for depressive and tension-related symptoms. High-burden caregivers exhibited significantly more individual symptoms and a higher prevalence of symptoms in the depressive, tension, and gastrourinary domains of symptoms compared to both low-burden caregivers and noncaregivers. More than 79% of high-burden caregivers reported general fatigue, and over half of the high-burden caregivers experience depressive mood. Female caregivers showed a significantly higher risk of reporting depressive symptoms (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.19-1.98) and tension-related symptoms compared to male caregivers. Conclusion. Depressive and tension-related symptoms were more common in caregivers, especially in high-burden caregivers. High-burden caregivers might be at a risk of adverse mental health, and this highlights the need to offer proper support to these groups.
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| 10. |
- Elmståhl, Sölve, et al.
(författare)
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Being an older family caregiver does not impact healthcare and mortality: Data from the study ‘Good Aging in Skåne’
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Will being a caregiver further impact the health of a group already at risk of adverse health due to old age? This study aimed to answer the questions whether short- and long-term healthcare consumption and mortality differ between informal caregivers and non-caregivers and between high-burden and low-burden informal caregivers. Method: The study population consisted of 423 caregivers and 3444 controls from the Swedish national general population study ‘Good Aging in Skåne’. Caregivers were divided into those reporting high and low caregiver burden and information on caregiver status was collected from questionnaires. Data for mortality and healthcare consumption (inpatient and outpatient visits) were obtained from The National Board of Health and Welfare. Mortality was tested with Cox regression models and healthcare consumption with logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, Activities of daily living (ADL) and number of chronic diseases. Results: Caregivers were younger than non-caregivers, had higher educational background, more independent in ADL and more often men. Of 423 caregivers, 73 (17.3%) reported experiencing high caregiver burden. High-burden caregivers were older, more dependent in personal ADL and gave more hours of care than those reporting low burden. In adjusted regression models, we found no differences in either consumption of healthcare nor mortality between caregivers and non-caregivers and high-burden v. low-burden caregivers looking at short-term (1 and 3 years) and long-term (10 and 15 years) follow-up periods. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the characteristic of being a family caregiver does not have an impact on mortality or physical health measured as inpatient admissions or instances of primary care. © Author(s) 2020.
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| 11. |
- Fasth, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Designing proactive assembly systems : Criteria and interaction between automation, information, and competence
- 2010
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Ingår i: Asian International Journal of Science and Technology in production and manufacturing engineering (AIJSTPME). - 1906-151X. ; vol 2 issue 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production companies of today face extreme challenge to meet the rapid changes and increased flexibility that mass customization require. More and more customers are requiring the product to suite specific needs such as design, function and sustainability. These requirements results in increasing demands for the developers of the product but also for the personnel who will assemble the products in the final assembling. This paper suggests the need for further development, primarily addressing time parameters in dynamically changing assembly systems. We propose proactivity as a vital characteristic of semi-automated assembly systems, to increase fulfilment of customer demands and decrease non value-adding tasks. In proactive assembly systems, the potential of human operators and technical systems is utilised. Criteria for proactivity are reviewed from automation, information, and competence perspectives. Empirical data have been collected from five production companies in Sweden.
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| 12. |
- Fasth, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Designing proactive assembly systems – Criteria and interaction between Automation, Information, and Competence
- 2009
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Ingår i: CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, University of Grenoble, France, 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing customisation of products results in decreasing production batch sizes, especially in the final assembly. Industry must therefore increase their capability to handle smaller batches as well as radically decrease set up time between different product groups and new products. This paper suggests the need for further development, primarily addressing time parameters in dynamically changing assembly systems. We propose proactivity as a vital characteristic of semi-automated assembly systems, to increase fulfilment of customer demands and decrease non value-adding tasks. In proactive assembly systems, the full and complementary potential of human operators and technical systems is utilised. Criteria for proactivity in assembly systems are reviewed from automation, information, and competence perspectives.
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| 13. |
- Fouladiun, Marita, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Daily physical-rest activities in relation to nutritional state, metabolism, and quality of life in cancer patients with progressive cachexia.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical cancer research. - 1078-0432. ; 13:21, s. 6379-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate daily physical-rest activities in cancer patients losing weight in relation to disease progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Physical activity-rest rhythms were measured (ActiGraph, armband sensor from BodyMedia) in relation to body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy metabolism, exercise capacity (walking test), and self-scored quality of life (SF-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) in weight-losing outpatients with systemic cancer (71 +/- 2 years, n = 53). Well-nourished, age-matched, and previously hospitalized non-cancer patients served as controls (74 +/- 4 years, n = 8). Middle-aged healthy individuals were used as reference subjects (49 +/- 5 years, n = 23). RESULTS: Quality of life was globally reduced in patients with cancer (P < 0.01), accompanied by significantly reduced spontaneous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends compared with reference subjects (P < 0.01). Spontaneous physical activity declined over time during follow-up in patients with cancer (P < 0.05). However, overall physical activity and the extent of sleep and bed-rest activities did not differ between patients with cancer and age-matched non-cancer patients. Spontaneous physical activity correlated weakly with maximum exercise capacity in univariate analysis (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that spontaneous physical activity was related to weight loss, blood hemoglobin concentration, C-reactive protein, and to subjectively scored items of physical functioning and bodily pain (SF-36; P < 0.05-0.004). Anxiety and depression were not related to spontaneous physical activity. Patient survival was predicted only by weight loss and serum albumin levels (P < 0.01), although there was no such prediction for spontaneous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Daily physical-rest activities represent variables which probably reflect complex mental physiologic and metabolic interactions. Thus, activity-rest monitoring provides a new dimension in the evaluation of medical and drug interventions during palliative treatment of patients with cancer.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Konstenius, Maija, et al.
(författare)
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An epidemiological study of ADHD, substance use, and comorbid problems in incarcerated women in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 19:1, s. 44-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity, including substance use in incarcerated women.METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study, consisting of two parts: (a) screening using the ADHD Self-Rating Scale (ASRS) and (b) diagnostic assessment using a structured interview.RESULTS: A sample of 96 incarcerated women was screened and 56 underwent the diagnostic assessment. Twenty-nine percent of the women met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD in the diagnostic assessment. Forty-four of the women had misuse of alcohol, and 83% had misuse of narcotics the year prior to the incarceration. The ASRS showed sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.66.CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of ADHD in incarcerated women was high and comparable to that in male offenders. Illicit stimulant use and antisocial personality disorder were significantly more common in women with ADHD. ASRS is useful as a screener in this population.
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| 16. |
- Lindqvist Bagge, A, et al.
(författare)
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Withdrawal from anabolic androgenic steroids does not affect personality characteristics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2329-6488. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and personality characteristics with the following research questions: 1) Do personality characteristics differ between AAS-abusers and an AAS-naïve comparison group? 2) Do personality characteristics differ between active AASabusers and former AAS-abusers? 3) Does time of withdrawal from AAS affect personality characteristics? Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Sixty men (active n=20, former n=40) seeking medical consultation for their AAS abuse were included in the study. Personality characteristics were assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) inventory. Comparisons were made with an age- and gender-matched group of AAS-naïve body-builders (n=30). Results: AAS-abusers differed significantly in their personality characteristics from the AAS-naïve control group. No major differences were found between active and former AAS-abusers. No correlations were found between personality characteristics and time of withdrawal or duration of AAS abuse. Conclusions: Individuals with AAS abuse differ in their personality characteristics from those who have never used AAS. Withdrawal from AAS does not, however, alter personality characteristic in AAS-abusers, although the causality of this relationship is unclear, indirectly stating that AAS do not seem to alter personality characteristics in a major fashion. On the other hand, it could be argued that AAS gives a more permanent change on personality that is not affected by time of withdrawal from AAS. Thus, the present results do not explain the causality of the relationship between AAS abuse and personality characteristics and further studies are needed in order to clarify this relationship.
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| 17. |
- Lundholm, Kent, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: a randomized double-blind study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 116:8, s. 2044-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The short-term provision of ghrelin to patients with cancer indicates that there may be benefits from long-term provision of ghrelin for the palliative treatment of weight-losing cancer patients. This hypothesis was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study. METHODS: Weight-losing cancer patients with solid gastrointestinal tumors were randomized to receive either high-dose ghrelin treatment (13 microg/kg daily; n = 17 patients) or low-dose ghrelin treatment (0.7 microg/kg daily; n = 14 patients) for 8 weeks as a once-daily, subcutaneous injections. Appetite was scored on a visual analog scale; and food intake, resting energy expenditure, and body composition (dual x-ray absorpitometry) were measured before the start of treatment and during follow-up. Serum levels of ghrelin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth hormone (GH), triglycerides, free fatty acids, and glucose were measured. Health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression were assessed by using standardized methods (the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Physical activity, rest, and sleep were measured by using a multisensor body monitor. RESULTS: Treatment groups were comparable at inclusion. Appetite scores were increased significantly by high-dose ghrelin analyzed both on an intent-to-treat basis and according to the protocol. High-dose ghrelin reduced the loss of whole body fat (P < .04) and serum GH (P < .05). There was a trend for high-dose ghrelin to improve energy balance (P < .07; per protocol). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences in outcome variables were observed between the high-dose and low-dose groups. Adverse effects were not observed by high-dose ghrelin, such as serum levels of tumor markers (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125], carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 19-9). CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggested that daily, long-term provision of ghrelin to weight-losing cancer patients with solid tumors supports host metabolism, improves appetite, and attenuates catabolism.
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| 18. |
- Lundholm, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Acute influence of alcohol, THC or central stimulants on violent suicide : a Swedish Population study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 59:2, s. 436-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and substance abuse in general is a risk factor for suicide, but very little is known about the acute effect in relation to suicide method. Based on information from 18,894 medico-legal death investigations, including toxicological findings and manner of death, did the present study investigate whether acute influence of alcohol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or central stimulants (amphetamine and cocaine) was related to the use of a violent suicide method, in comparison with the non-violent method self-poisoning and alcohol/illicit drugs negative suicide decedents. Multivariate analysis was conducted and the results revealed that acute influence of THC was related to using the violent suicide method; jumping from a height (RR 1.62; 95%CI 1.01-2.41). Alcohol intoxication was not related to any violent method, while the central stimulants positive suicide decedent had a higher, albeit not significant, risk for several violent methods. The study contributes with elucidating suicide methods in relation to acute intoxication.
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| 19. |
- Lundholm, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Anabolic androgenic steroids and violent offending : Confounding by polysubstance abuse among 10,365 general population men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 110:1, s. 100-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsAnabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with aggressive and violent behaviour, but it remains uncertain if this relationship is causal in humans. We examined the link between AAS use and violent crime while controlling for polysubstance abuse and additional suggested risk factors for violence. DesignCross-sectional study of a population-based sample. SettingIn 2005, all Swedish-born male twins aged 20-47 years were invited to participate in the Swedish Twin Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) survey of the Swedish Twin Register (response rate=60%). ParticipantsA total of 10365 male survey participants with information on AAS use. MeasurementData on self-reported use of AAS, alcohol and other substances, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and personality disorder symptoms were linked to nation-wide, longitudinal register information on criminal convictions, IQ, psychological functioning and childhood socio-economic status (SES) covariates. FindingsAny life-time use of AAS was associated strongly with conviction for a violent crime [2.7 versus 0.6% in convicted and non-convicted men, respectively; odds ratio (OR)=5.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.7-9.3]. However, this link was substantially reduced and no longer significant when controlling for other substance abuse (OR=1.6, 95% CI=0.8-3.3). Controlling for IQ, psychological functioning, ADHD, personality disorder symptoms and childhood SES did not reduce the risk further. ConclusionIn the general population, co-occurring polysubstance abuse, but not IQ, other neuropsychological risks or socio-economic status, explains most of the relatively strong association between any anabolic androgenic steroid use and conviction for a violent crime.
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| 20. |
- Lundholm, Lena
(författare)
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Substance Use and Violence : Influence of Alcohol, Illicit Drugs and Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Violent Crime and Self-directed Violence
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Interpersonal violence and suicide are major health concerns, leading to premature death, extensive human suffering and staggering monetary costs. Although violent behaviour has multiple causes, it is well known that acute substance intake and abuse increase the risks of both interpersonal and self-directed violence. This association is quite well established for alcohol, while a more ambiguous literature exists for other common drugs of abuse. For example, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic analogues to the “male” sex hormone testosterone are suggested to elicit violent and aggressive behaviour. Two studies (I and III) in the present thesis addressed the association between AAS use and being suspected or convicted of a violent crime among remand prisoners and in a general population sample, respectively. Further, using the case-crossover design to control for confounders stable within individuals, I also investigated the triggering (short-term risk) effect of alcohol and drugs such as benzodiazepines and AAS, on violent crime (Study II). Finally, a fourth study (IV) based on a large national forensic sample of suicide completers (n=18,894) examined the risk of using a violent, more lethal, suicide method, when under acute influence of alcohol, central stimulants or cannabis.The results of this thesis suggested that AAS use in itself is not a proximal risk factor for violent crime; the observed risk is probably due to the co-occurrence of abuse of other substances. Alcohol is a strong triggering risk factor for violent crime, constant across males and females as well as individuals with or without behavioral and psychiatric vulnerability. Intake of high doses of benzodiazepines is associated with an increased risk for violent crime. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of using the lethal suicide method of jumping from a height. I conclude that mapping substance abuse patterns may inform violence risk assessment and treatment planning.
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| 21. |
- Lundholm, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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The triggering effect of alcohol and illicit drugs on violent crime in a remand prison population : a case crossover study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 129:1-2, s. 110-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The association between substance abuse, particularly alcohol abuse, and violence has been well established. However, since substance abuse co-occurs with several other risk factors for violence, the causal link between substance abuse and violence and the extent to which the acute influence of alcohol, illicit drugs, benzodiazepines, and anabolic androgenic steroids have a triggering effect on violent behavior are more uncertain.METHODS:Case-crossover design was used based on data from structured face to face interviews with remand prisoners (n=194; 172 men, 22 women) suspected of violent crimes. Main outcome measure: odds ratio (OR 95% CI) for a violent crime, 24h after exposure to different substances, compared to periods of no exposure was calculated using conditional logistic regression and a Mantel-Haenszel estimator with confidence intervals for sparse data.RESULTS: Intake of alcohol (OR 6.41 CI 4.24-9.67) and large doses of benzodiazepines (OR 36.32 CI 7.14-183.65) triggered interpersonal violence. Stratified analyses of possible effect modifiers were sex, conduct/behavioral problems, trauma experiences; psychiatric vulnerability did not reveal any substantial differences.CONCLUSION:Influences of alcohol and unusually high doses of benzodiazepines are proximal risk factors for violent crime. Improved knowledge of short-term (and dose-related) risk factors may contribute to treatment planning and risk assessment of violence.
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| 22. |
- Lundholm, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Use of anabolic androgenic steroids in substance abusers arrested for crime
- 2010
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Ingår i: DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 111:3, s. 222-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) has been associated with both violent crime and the use of illicit drugs The scientific literature on polysubstance abuse as a confounder for AAS-related violence is sparse and ambiguous With the Intent of further investigating this issue we have gathered data concerning drug abuse and AAS experience among substance abusers who have been arrested for a variety of crimes Methods Data were collected from structured interviews with substance abusers (n = 3597) apprehended at two remand prisons in Sweden from 2002 through 2008 Analyses concerned type of criminal act primary drug used during the past year and experience of AAS use Results Those stating AAS experience (n = 924 20 women and 904 men) were more often apprehended for violent crimes (OR = 1 65) This association remained significant after controlling for age and sex (OR = 1 28) AAS users and non-users claimed similar primary substances of use during the past year with the exception of benzodiazepine use which was more common in the AAS group (OR = 2 30) although this did not affect the frequency of violent crime Among MS-experienced participants there was no difference in violent crime incidence between current users and former users Conclusions Study results suggest that AASs do not function as a proximal trigger for violence but still involve an Increased risk for violence in users of illicit drugs These findings also suggest that AAS use is highly overrepresented in women who commit crimes
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| 23. |
- Mårtensson, Lena, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing proactive assembly systems (ProAct) : Criteria and interaction between automation, information and competence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Asian international journal of science and technology in production and manufacturing engineering. ; 2:4, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Production companies of today face extreme challenge to meet the rapid changes and increased flexibility that mass customization require. More and more customers are requiring the product to suite specific needs such as design, function and sustainability. These requirements results in increasing demands for the developers of the product but also for the personnel who will assemble the products in the final assembling.This paper suggests the need for further development, primarily addressing time parameters in dynamically changing assembly systems. We propose proactivity as a vital characteristic of semi-automated assembly systems, to increase fulfilment of customer demands and decrease non value-adding tasks. In proactive assembly systems, the potential of human operators and technical systems is utilised. Criteria for proactivity are reviewed from automation, information, and competence perspectives. Empirical data have been collected from five production companies in Sweden.
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- Åsa, Fasth, et al.
(författare)
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Designing proactive assembly systems : Criteria and interaction between automation, information, and competence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 42nd CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, Grenoble.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing customisation of products results in decreasing production batch sizes, especially in the final assembly. Industry must therefore increase their capability to handle smaller batches as well as radically decrease set up time between different product groups and new products. This paper suggests the need for further development, primarily addressing time parameters in dynamically changing assembly systems. We propose customer demands and decrease non value-adding tasks. In proactive assembly systems, the full and complementary potential of human operators and technical systems is utilised. Criteria for proactivity in assembly systems are reviewed from automation, information, and competence perspectives.
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