| 1. |
- Hilborn, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Mot ljuset : En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Mot ljuset : En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse - En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse. - Landskrona : Centrum för arbetarhistoria. - 9789197966153 ; , s. 5-7
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Återvinning av växtnäringsämnen ur avloppsvatten – hur gör vi hållbarhetsbedömningar på bästa sätt?
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att kunna producera tillräckligt med mat på ett hållbart sätt behöver vi hushålla med växtnäring, och se till att den näring som redan finns i omlopp används på ett klokt sätt. Nya direktiv kring slamanvändning, krav på återförsel av växtnäring och hårdare utsläppskrav på reningsverk innebär att nya system och tekniker behöver utvecklas. Det kan dock vara svårt att veta vilket system eller vilken teknik som ger den största nyttan. Systemanalytiska metoder kan hjälpa till att tydliggöra dessa komplexa frågor.Målet med denna studie är att på ett övergripande sätt ge en insikt i hur arbetet kring hållbarhetsbedömningar kopplat till kommunal avloppsvattenrening och återföring av näringsämnen, med fokus på fosfor och kväve kan genomföras. Vidare har fokus legat på metodfrågor inom livscykelanalys (LCA), men en utblick kring andra hållbarhetsbedömningsmetoder ges även i en mindre omfattning. Mycket av det som behandlas inom LCA har dock bäring även för andra metoder för hållbarhetsbedömning.Idag finns det olika typer av standarder och riktlinjer för hur LCA-studier bör utföras, dock saknas det specifika riktlinjer för LCA-studier kopplade till näringsåtervinning ur avlopp. Det finns flera skäl till att LCA-metodfrågor kopplade till näringsåterföring behöver utredas; LCA är en metod som framförallt inriktar sig på att bedöma miljöpåverkan av en produkt, medan avloppsvattenrening ofta sker i kommunal regi och i nuläget är inriktat på att rena avloppsvatten och inte fokuserar på att producera produkter. Avloppssystem är ofta integrerade med både vattenförsörjning, energisystemet och jordbruket på ett intrikat sätt. Avlopp är också en sektor som har utsläpp både till luft och vatten, och metoder för att korrekt kunna bedöma dessa utsläpps påverkan på miljö är viktiga att utreda. Användningsområdet för LCA är väldigt brett. LCA kan dock inte svara på om det system som utvärderas är hållbart, bara om systemet har mer eller mindre påverkan än ett annat. LCA kan alltså inte svara på frågeställningar som: Vad är en hållbar återvinningsgrad för växtnäringsämnen?Arbetet har resulterat i en diskussion kring när LCA eller systemanalys lämpar sig och vad man bör tänka på när man genomför en LCA och vilka delar som bör ingå. Inom ramen för detta arbete anordnades även en workshop där berörda intressenter deltog från forskning, myndigheter och branschen. Syftet med workshopen var att få in synpunkter kring hur en systemanalys eller LCA bör läggas upp för att ge användbara resultat i beslutsfattande.I första hand vänder sig rapporten till dem som arbetar med kommunal avloppsvattenrening, teknikutveckling och myndigheter inom detta område, som har en grundförståelse för systemanalys och vill veta mer.
|
|
| 3. |
- Akan, Pelin, et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive analysis of the genome transcriptome and proteome landscapes of three tumor cell lines
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 4, s. 86-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here present a comparative genome, transcriptome and functional network analysis of three human cancer cell lines (A431, U251MG and U2OS), and investigate their relation to protein expression. Gene copy numbers significantly influenced corresponding transcript levels; their effect on protein levels was less pronounced. We focused on genes with altered mRNA and/or protein levels to identify those active in tumor maintenance. We provide comprehensive information for the three genomes and demonstrate the advantage of integrative analysis for identifying tumor-related genes amidst numerous background mutations by relating genomic variation to expression/protein abundance data and use gene networks to reveal implicated pathways.
|
|
| 4. |
- Al Jebali, Ramsey, et al.
(författare)
-
A helium gas scintillator active target for photoreaction measurements
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 51:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-cell He gas scintillator active target, designed for the measurement of photoreaction cross sections, is described. The target has four main chambers, giving an overall thickness of 0.103 g/cm(3) at an operating pressure of 2MPa. Scintillations are read out by photomultiplier tubes and the addition of small amounts of N-2 to the He, to shift the scintillation emission from UV to visible, is discussed. First results of measurements at the MAX IV Laboratory tagged-photon facility show that the target has a timing resolution of around 1 ns and can cope well with a high-flux photon beam. The determination of reaction cross sections from target yields relies on a Monte Carlo simulation, which considers scintillation light transport, photodisintegration processes in He-4, background photon interactions in target windows and interactions of the reaction-product particles in the gas and target container. The predictions of this simulation are compared to the measured target response.
|
|
| 5. |
- Alvez, Maria Bueno, et al.
(författare)
-
Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Adolescents' self-defining internet experiences
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Technology and youth. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781784413057 - 9781785602641 ; , s. 105-131
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate how young women and men perceive the Internet as a phenomenon and what role and meaning they ascribe to the Internet as an arena for defining themselves and for shaping their identity.Methodology/approachThe empirical data consist of narratives written by Swedish adolescents. Using content analysis the analysis was carried out in three steps: (1) finding categories and themes, (2) calculation of statistical differences in category frequencies, (3) a theoretically informed interpretation of central themes, using Bourdieu's concept of different forms of capital, and Giddens' concept of "pure relations."FindingsThe narratives exemplify how computer literacy and technological competence can be converted into social, cultural, and symbolic capital. Gender differences occur both in statistical differences between category frequencies in girls' and boys' narratives and in the interpretation of central themes. But there are also several examples that show more complex and contradictory tendencies, exceeding or transformative of gender differences and hierarchy.Originality/valueThis study considers adolescents' own perspectives on an arena of great importance. The analyses have been performed both qualitatively and quantitatively, which gives a nuanced picture of young people's self-defining experiences on the Internet.
|
|
| 7. |
- Arnell, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability Analysis forWastewater Heat Recovery - Literature Review
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This technical report describes the literature review conducted on wastewater heat recovery (WWHR). As part of the urban water cycle, domestic hot water consumes the lion share – up to 90 % – of the total energy requirement for water management. Individual energy consumption of 780 to 1 150 kWh/cay/yr has been estimated in Sweden. Energy can be recovered from wastewater, in buildings close to the source or further downstream in the wastewater system. Depending on wastewater flow and temperature heat exchangers or heat pumps (or a combination of both) can be used for extracting heat the energy. Obstacles for utilizing this potential are for example: clogging and fouling of equipment, potentially negative system impacts and economic feasibility. Examples of various WWHR implementations have been found in Sweden, Switzerland and North America. Some installations have been running for a long time and technical function and financial viability has been evaluated and are reviewed in the report. Generally, heat pumps reach a coefficient of performance of 3 to 7, better the higher the wastewater temperature is, i.e. further up-stream.WWHR application in a wastewater system can be modelled. The domestic hot water requirement and associated energy use has been modelled previously and concepts can be adapted for modelling the larger system. Equations for calculating performance and output variables from heat recovery equipment have been reviewed and is presented. For the purpose of assessing single WWHR installations in sewers, detailed models have been developed and presented. There are reviewed in the text. Concepts for estimating temperature variations in sewers are essential to assess the impact on wastewater treatment plants. Performance of wastewater treatment plants and their temperature dependence can be modelled with existing process models. Temperature variations along the course of the treatment plant might be important to consider.In Sweden, there are currently some regulations related to WWHR. The temperature of hot water systems in buildings are regulated to prevent Legionella outbreaks. Furthermore, the practice of WWHR is limited in extent and requires a permit from the utility as by the contract between the consumer and the utility. Currently, this limits the implementation of WWHR in Sweden.
|
|
| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Fotograf, socialdemokrat och "riksdagsmanska"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Mot ljuset : En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse - En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse. - 9789197966153 ; , s. 26-38
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
-
Berättelser om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Mot ljuset : En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse - En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse. - : Centrum för Arbetarhistoria. - 9789197966146 ; :9
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 10. |
- Björk, Emma, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Endometriotic tissue-derived exosomes downregulate NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity and promote apoptosis : mechanisms for survival of endometriotic tissue at ectopic sites
- 2024
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Endometriosis, affecting 10% of women, is defined as implantation, survival, and growth of endometriumlike/endometriotic tissue outside the uterine cavity, causing inflammation, infertility, pain andsusceptibility to ovarian cancer. Despite extensive studies, its etiology and pathogenesis are poorlyunderstood and largely unknown. The prevailing view is that the immune system of endometriosispatients fails to clear ectopically disseminated endometrium from retrograde menstruation. Exosomes aresmall extracellular vesicles that exhibit immunomodulatory properties. We studied the role ofendometriotic tissue-secreted exosomes in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Two exosome-mediatedmechanisms known to impair the immune response were investigated: 1) downregulation of NKG2Dmediatedcytotoxicity and 2) FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis of activated immune cells. We showedthat secreted endometriotic exosomes isolated from supernatants of short-term explant cultures carry theNKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3; and the proapoptotic molecules FasL and TRAIL on theirsurface, i.e. signature molecules of exosome-mediated immune suppression. Acting as decoys, theseexosomes downregulate the NKG2D receptor, impair NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity and induce apoptosisof activated PBMC and Jurkat cells through the FasL- and TRAIL pathway. The secreted endometrioticexosomes create an immunosuppressive gradient at the ectopic site, forming a “protective shield” aroundthe endometriotic lesions. This gradient guards the endometriotic lesions against clearance by a cytotoxicattack and creates immunologic privilege by induction of apoptosis in activated immune cells. Takentogether, our results provide a plausible, exosome-based mechanistic explanation for the immunedysfunction and the compromised immune surveillance in endometriosis and contribute with novelinsights into the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease.
|
|
| 11. |
- Björk, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced local and systemic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in women with endometriosis evokes compensatory adaptive regulatory mRNA response that mediates immune suppression and impairs cytotoxicity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1046-7408 .- 1600-0897. ; 84:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: Endometriosis is a disease characterized by ectopic implantation of endometrium and impaired immune responses. To explore its pathogenic mechanisms, we studied the local and systemic cytokine mRNA profiles and their role in the immunity of patients with endometriosis and healthy controls.Method of Study: mRNA for eleven cytokines defining cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Tr1/Th3, and inflammatory cytokine profiles was characterized locally in endometriotic tissue and endometrium, and systemically in PBMCs from women with endometriosis and healthy controls, using real‐time qRT‐PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical stainings with monoclonal antibodies were performed looking for T regulatory cells in endometriotic lesions.Results: We found a downregulation of mRNA for cytokines mediating cytotoxicity and antibody response and an upregulation of inflammatory and T‐regulatory cytokines in the endometriotic tissues and endometrium from the patients with endometriosis, suggesting enhanced local inflammation and priming of an adaptive regulatory response. Consistent with those findings, there was an abundancy of T regulatory cells in the endometriotic lesions.Conclusions: The ectopic implantation seen in endometriosis could be possible as a consequence of increased inflammation and priming of adaptive T regulatory cells, resulting in impaired cytotoxicity and enhanced immune suppression.
|
|
| 12. |
- Björk, Emma, 1977-
(författare)
-
Immunosuppressive mechanisms in endometriosis : a focus on the role of exosomes
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It has been suggested that the aberrant immunological mechanisms that cause dysfunction of immune cells and mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. There is substantial evidence of downregulated NK cell cytotoxicity and changes in inflammatory mediators such as cytokines in endometriosis. This research aimed to elucidate the immunosuppressive mechanisms in endometriosis, focusing on NK cells, the role of cytokines, and exosomes derived from endometriotic tissue.Cytokines are small peptides/proteins used for intercellular communication, and regulate immune-effector functions in health and disease. In Paper I, real-time RT-qPCR and a set of primers and probes for 11 cytokines were used defining cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Tr1/Th3, and inflammatory cytokine profiles. Cytokine mRNA expression in endometriotic tissue was compared with endometrium, and systemically with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from women with endometriosis and healthy controls. In addition, immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies was performed to investigate T-regulatory cells in endometriotic lesions. A downregulation of mRNA for cytokines that mediate cytotoxicity and antibody response was found in the endometriotic lesions. At the same time, there was an upregulation of inflammatory and T-regulatory cytokines in the endometriotic lesions, suggesting enhanced local inflammation and priming of an adaptive regulatory response. Consistent with these findings, T-regulatory cells were abundant in the endometriotic lesions. These findings suggest that the ectopic implantation seen in endometriosis may be a consequence of increased inflammation and priming of adaptive T regulatory cells, resulting in impaired cytotoxicity and enhanced immune suppression. Exosomes are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin; they are produced by most cells in the body, convey intercellular communication and participate in both normal and pathological processes. Paper II show that endometriotic lesions produce high amounts of exosomes. The exosomes expressed on their surfaces the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3 and the proapoptotic molecules FasL and TRAIL. These molecules are known as immunosuppressive signatures. Functional experiments were performed to show that these exosomes can downregulate the main activating NK receptor NKG2D on CTL and NK cells, reduce the killing ability of PBMC from healthy donors, and induce apoptosis of activated lymphocytes through the FasL/Fas pathway. The production and secretion of exosomes from the endometriotic tissue may be further enhanced by the vigorous local inflammation at ectopic sites. The results show that endometriotic lesions secrete immunosuppressive exosomes that inhibit cytotoxicity and promote apoptosis of activated immune cells. The exosomes form a “protective shield” around the endometriotic tissue thus promoting their survival.NK cells are cytotoxic cells of the innate immune system. Human NK cells can be divided into two subsets: CD56+bright and CD56+dim. The CD56+dim subset is more naturally cytotoxic, whereas the CD56+bright subset produces more cytokines, but has low natural cytotoxicity. The majority (>90%) of circulating NK cells are CD56+dim, whereas very few (0-10 %) are CD56+bright. In Paper III a higher amount of CD56+bright cells in serum was observed in one third of endometriosis patients compared to healthy controls. The amount of these cells was normalized after treatment with surgery, with or without medical treatment. Untreated patients had a lower expression of NKG2D receptors on their NK cells and CTLs compared to treated patients and healthy controls, which could be due to endometriotic exosomes carrying the NKG2D ligands that downregulate the receptor. Thus, surgery might have a beneficial effect on cytotoxic NK-cell function in endometriosis.Endometriosis is considered a benign disease; however it has many features in common with tumors, and shares multiple microenvironmental hallmarks with cancer, including angiogenesis, immune dysregulation, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. Paper II shows that endometriotic tissue secretes immunosuppressive exosomes. In Paper IV, exosomes in the peripheral blood of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients, and the impairment of the NKG2D receptor-ligand system in vivo before and after surgery, were studied. The serum exosomes isolated from the EOC patients carried the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3. In functional experiments, the EOC exosomes downregulated the expression of the NKG2D receptor, and subdued NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity in NK cells from healthy donors in a similar manner to the endometriotic exosomes studied in Paper II. In Paper IV, surgery of the primary EOC tumor had a beneficial effect, alleviating the exosome-mediated suppression of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, exosome-mediated immunosuppression is revealed as a common mechanism of action for immune escape in endometriosis and cancer. The results presented in this thesis provide novel and important insights into the function of the immune system in endometriosis, and give new explanations for why ectopic endometrial tissue persists and proliferates outside the uterine cavity. Furthermore, the immunosuppression in the microenvironment of endometriosis, which has many similarities with the local tumor microenvironment (TME), was investigated with a focus on the role of endometriotic exosomes. Taken together, this thesis contributes to understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and might be useful in identifying biomarkers for endometriosis and developing new immunomodulatory therapies.
|
|
| 13. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial neoformation of volatiles : implications for the estimation of post-mortem interval in decomposed human remains in an indoor setting
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 135:1, s. 223-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship between microbial neoformation of volatiles and the post-mortem interval (PMI) exists, and if the volatiles could be used as a tool to improve the precision of PMI estimation in decomposed human remains found in an indoor setting. Chromatograms from alcohol analysis (femoral vein blood) of 412 cases were retrospectively assessed for the presence of ethanol, N-propanol, 1-butanol, and acetaldehyde. The most common finding was acetaldehyde (83% of the cases), followed by ethanol (37%), N-propanol (21%), and 1-butanol (4%). A direct link between the volatiles and the PMI or the degree of decomposition was not observed. However, the decomposition had progressed faster in cases with microbial neoformation than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may therefore act as an indicator of the decomposition rate within the early decomposition to bloating stages. This may be used in PMI estimation based on the total body score (TBS) and accumulated degree days (ADD) model, to potentially improve the model's precision.
|
|
| 14. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial neoformation of volatiles: implications for the estimation of post-mortem interval in decomposed human remains in an indoor setting
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship between microbial neoformation of volatiles and the post-mortem interval (PMI) exists, and if the volatiles could be used as a tool to improve the precision of PMI estimation in decomposed human remains found in an indoor setting. Chromatograms from alcohol analysis (femoral vein blood) of 412 cases were retrospectively assessed for presence of ethanol, N-propanol, 1-butanol, and acetaldehyde. The most common finding was acetaldehyde (83% of the cases), followed by ethanol (37%), N-propanol (21%) and 1-butanol (4%). A direct link between the volatiles and the PMI or the degree of decomposition was not observed. However, the decomposition had progressed faster in cases with microbial neoformation than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may therefore act as an indicator of the decomposition rate within the early decomposition to bloating stages. This may be used in PMI estimation based on the total body score (TBS) and accumulated-degree days (ADD) model, to potentially improve the model’s precision.
|
|
| 15. |
-
Cross-sections : Historical Perspectives from Malmö University
- 2022
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The anthology Cross-Sections: Historical Perspective from Malmö University contains contributions from researchers sharing historical perspectives, but representing different disciplines, such as arts, ethnography, history, literature studies, religion and sports science. The seventeen contributions clearly demonstrate the breadth and diversity of historical research carried out in different departments at Malmö University.
|
|
| 16. |
- Edgren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
"En värld förlossad!" : Republikanism och revolution i tidningen Fäderneslandet
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Mot ljuset : En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse - En antologi om arbete, arbetare och arbetarrörelse. - 9789197966153 ; 9, s. 39-51
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genom några exempel påvisar artikeln förekomsten av republikanska och revolutionära tankegångar i den radikala tidningen Fäderneslandet på 1850- och 1860-talen.
|
|
| 17. |
- Glaser, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cross-Sections : Historical Perspectives from Malmö University. - Malmö : Malmö universitet. - 9789178772513 - 9789178772520 ; , s. 9-15
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Harder, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
Egestabase – An online evidence platform to discover and explore options to recover plant nutrients from human excreta and domestic wastewater for reuse in agriculture
- 2024
-
Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restoring nutrient circularity across scales is important for ecosystem integrity as well as nutrient and food security. As such, research and development of technologies to recover plant nutrients from various organic residues has intensified. Yet, this emerging field is diverse and difficult to navigate, especially for newcomers. As an increasing number of actors search for circular solutions to nutrient management, there is a need to simplify access to the latest knowledge. Since the majority of nutrients entering urban areas end up in human excreta, we have chosen to focus on human excreta and domestic wastewater. Through systematic mapping with stakeholder engagement, we compiled and consolidated available evidence from research and practice. In this paper, we present ‘Egestabase’ – a carefully curated open-access online evidence platform that presents this evidence base in a systematic and accessible manner. We hope that this online evidence platform helps a variety of actors to navigate evidence on circular nutrient solutions for human excreta and domestic wastewater with ease and keep track of new findings.
|
|
| 20. |
- Hendry, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Nature. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 50:11, s. 4085-4105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
-
IMPROVER D2.2 Report of criteria for evaluating resilience
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the recent years, the focus has moved from critical infrastructure protection to that of resilience. But how do we know whether a critical infrastructure is resilient or not, how can it be evaluated, measured and enhanced? Drawing on, combining and developing the ideas of the existing literature and practices, the current report develops a holistic, easy-to-use and computable methodology to evaluate critical infrastructure resilience, called Critical Infrastructure Resilience Index (CIRI). The methodology is applicable to all types of critical infrastructure, including a possibility to tailor it to the specific needs of different sectors, facilities and hazard scenarios. The proposed methodology is especially suitable for organizational and technological resilience evaluation, but permits including also elements of societal resilience indicators to the evaluations. The methodology is based on four levels of hierarchically organized indicators. Level 1 consists of the phases well known from the so-called crisis management cycle. Under these phases, we find sets of Level 2 rather generic indicators. Thus under level 1 ‘Prevention’, for instance, we may find a Level 2 indicator such as ‘Resilient design’, further divided into Level 3 more detailed indicators such as ‘Physical robustness’, ‘Cyber robustness’, ‘Redundancy’, ‘Modularity’, and ‘Independency’. The task is to study these indicators on Level 4 in the context of concrete critical infrastructure facilities and hazard scenarios, that is, applying Level 3 indicators into concrete circumstances. The methodology then permits to transfer quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative evaluations of individual sector-specific resilience indicators into uniform metrics, based on process maturity levels. This in turn makes it possible to give a specific critical infrastructure, or its part, a resilience value on the scale 0-5. While the real resilience value becomes clear only when one engages in the analysis of several indicators, the methodology can be used also as a step-by-step measurement and development tool for resilience, without necessary immediately engaging in time-consuming total resilience analysis. The user of this methodology is supposed to be the operator of critical infrastructure, or part of it, in the spirit of self-auditing. In case it would be implemented in a wider scale, in cooperation between the operators and authorities, it would give the authorities a holistic picture about the respective society’s critical infrastructure resilience. In this report, we draw a concise picture of the methodology and illustrate how this methodology could be applied to a specific infrastructure and hazard scenario.
|
|
| 23. |
- Israelsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity improves after primary surgery for high-grade serous ovarian cancer
- 2023
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1046-7408 .- 1600-0897. ; 89:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem: Tumors compromise the patients’ immune system to promote their own survival. We have previously reported that HGSC exosomes play a central role, downregulating NKG2D cytotoxicity. Primary surgery's effect on tumor exosomes and NKG2D cytotoxicity in HGSC patients has not been studied before. The overall objective of this study was to explore the effect of surgery on the exosome-induced impairment of NKG2D cytotoxicity in HGSC.Method of study: Paired pre- and post-operative blood samples were subjected to cell and exosome analyses regarding the NKG2D receptor and ligands, and NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity. Lymphocytes were phenotyped by immunoflow cytometry. Exosomes, isolated by ultracentrifugation, and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission and immune electron microscopy and western blot were used in functional cytotoxic experiments. HGSC explant culture-derived exosomes, previously studied by us, were used for comparison.Results: HGSC exosomes from patients’ sera downregulated NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity in NK cells of healthy donors. In a subgroup of subjects, NKG2D expression on CTLs and NK cells was upregulated after surgery, correlating to a decrease in the concentration of exosomes in postoperative sera. An overall significantly improved NKG2D-mediated cytotoxic response of the HGSC patients’ own NK cells in postoperative compared to preoperative samples was noted.Conclusions: Surgical removal of the primary tumor has a beneficial effect, relieving the exosome-mediated suppression of NKG2D cytotoxicity in HGSC patients, thus boostering their ability to combat cancer.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Jonsson, Emma, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
How leadership course trainers cope with difficult course situations
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore how facilitators of group dynamic and structured leadership courses cope with difficult situations during the course, and to relate their coping strategies to general individual characteristics and situation-specific appraisals. The study group consisted of facilitators of two of the most widespread leadership courses in Sweden: 110 facilitators of the course Understanding Group and Leader (UGL) and 111 facilitators of Developmental leadership (DL). A web-based questionnaire included descriptions of two difficult interpersonal course situations and questions on personality, general leadership style as well as situation-specific appraisal and coping. Three coping strategies were identified (factor analyses): Focus on course structure, Focus on psychological safety and Focus on own reflection. These factors were positively correlated. Weak associations were observed between the coping strategies and personality and general leadership style. Situation-specific appraisals covaried more strongly with the coping strategies. The findings suggest that reflection based on these coping strategies can lead to increased self-awareness and self-confidence on part of the facilitator. The findings may also help leadership course facilitators to cope more effectively, which in turn creates trust in the group that they are leading. The study contributes to the understanding of a limited research area; how leadership course facilitators cope with difficult course situations. The results provide guidance on how to cope more effectively. Practical implications include aspects to focus on in the training of leadership course facilitators.
|
|
| 26. |
- Jungebluth, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
-
Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite : a proof-of-concept study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 378:9808, s. 1997-2004
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Tracheal tumours can be surgically resected but most are an inoperable size at the time of diagnosis; therefore, new therapeutic options are needed. We report the clinical transplantation of the tracheobronchial airway with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite. Methods A 36-year-old male patient, previously treated with debulking surgery and radiation therapy, presented with recurrent primary cancer of the distal trachea and main bronchi. After complete tumour resection, the airway was replaced with a tailored bioartificial nanocomposite previously seeded with autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells via a bioreactor for 36 h. Postoperative granulocyte colony-stimulating factor filgrastim (10 mu g/kg) and epoetin beta (40 000 UI) were given over 14 days. We undertook flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy epigenetics, multiplex, miRNA, and gene expression analyses. Findings We noted an extracellular matrix-like coating and proliferating cells including a CD105+ subpopulation in the scaffold after the reseeding and bioreactor process. There were no major complications, and the patient was asymptomatic and tumour free 5 months after trans plantation. The bioartificial nanocomposite has patent anastomoses, lined with a vascularised neomucosa, and was partly covered by nearly healthy epithelium. Post-operatively, we detected a mobilisation of peripheral cells displaying increased mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype, and upregulation of epoetin receptors, antiapoptotic genes, and miR-34 and miR-449 biomarkers. These findings, together with increased levels of regenerative-associated plasma factors, strongly suggest stem-cell homing and cell-mediated wound repair, extracellular matrix remodelling, and neovascularisation of the graft. Interpretation Tailor-made bioartificial scaffolds can be used to replace complex airway defects. The bioreactor reseeding process and pharmacological-induced site-specific and graft-specific regeneration and tissue protection are key factors for successful clinical outcome.
|
|
| 27. |
- Kärrman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Forskning- och innovationsagenda för återvinning av näringsämnen ur avlopp
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research and Innovation Agenda for Recovery of Nutrients from WastewaterProjects funded on the topic of nutrient recovery and reuse in Sweden over the past years have been scattered, lacking a coherence in direction and coordination between the numerous research funding organizations. This agenda has been developed with the purpose of creating a framework and common understanding of what research and innovation is necessary to move forward in a transition to a circular nutrient economy. The goal was to identify and prioritize the R&I needs in order to enable a productive dialogue between investors, researchers and other crucial societal actors including organizations, the public sector and the industry.The results and conclusions presented in this report are mainly drawn from a workshop in September 2019, with around 40 participants representing the water and wastewater sector, municipalities, academia, the agricultural sector, the industry and Swedish national agencies.In the transition to a more circular management of nutrients including waste streams, several challenges were identified. The identified challenges in a nutshell:- Current system solutions are not optimized, there is a lack of holistic approach- Business models and incentives to choose products based on recovered nutrients on the market are missing- Technology needed for circular management of nutrients are in general on a low technology readiness level- Recovered nutrient products must maintain a uniform and high quality in order to compete on the market and the requirements should be the same for all fertilizers.The agenda concludes that the research and innovation actions to meet the challenges should follow a holistic approach that includes the entire value chain of nutrient management in the food system. All essential nutrients in the food system and other resources in its waste streams should be considered, to maximize efficient and circular nutrient management. Based on this understanding, that a holistic approach is of such importance to target the identified challenges, the research and innovation needs were identified as:- Develop a national plant nutrient management strategy that describes holistically how to manage nutrients overall in a circular economy- Develop goals and targets for nutrient recovery from wastewater based on this nutrient management strategy (the Swedish inquiry on sludge management suggested a requirement of 60 % phosphorus recovery from wastewater treatment plants, this should just be the beginning and goals should also be set for other nutrients)- A larger interdisciplinary R&I effort regarding the recovery goals should be coordinated to analyze how the transition to a circular management of nutrients best can be accomplished on a systems level- Provide support to develop business models for optimal collaboration between different actors in different parts of the value chain and maximized resource efficiency- Technology development and demonstrations aligned with the holistic approach for circular management of nutrients in the suggested national nutrient management strategy
|
|
| 28. |
- Lindhe, Nike, et al.
(författare)
-
Tailored internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals experiencing psychological distress associated with climate change: A pilot randomized controlled trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even among people who are not directly impacted by the consequences of climate change, perceptions about the ongoing crisis can have a negative effect on mental health and well-being. However, empirical evidence on interventions aiming to provide support is currently scarce. In order to address this issue, a pilot-RCT was carried out to investigate the effects of a novel ICBT treatment program. Sixty participants (23-73 years) were recruited and randomly allocated to eight weeks of therapist-supported ICBT (n = 30) or a wait-list control condition (n = 30). Measures of depressive symptoms, stress, and quality of life were used as primary outcomes, while measures of anxiety, insomnia, climate change-related distress, pro-environmental behaviour, and alcohol use were used as secondary outcomes. The treatment group had moderate to large between-group effects compared to the waitlist group on measures of depression (d = 0.87), stress (d = 0.76), quality of life (d = 0.79) and climate change-related distress (d = 0.79). There were no significant between-group differences on the other outcome measures. The results from this pilot-RCT indicate that individually tailored ICBT can be an effective way to reduce psychological distress associated with climate change without reducing pro-environmental behaviour.
|
|
| 29. |
- Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
From cytogenetics to cytogenomics : whole-genome sequencing as a first-line test comprehensively captures the diverse spectrum of disease-causing genetic variation underlying intellectual disability
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BMC. - 1756-994X. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSince different types of genetic variants, from single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to large chromosomal rearrangements, underlie intellectual disability, we evaluated the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) rather than chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) as a first-line genetic diagnostic test.MethodsWe analyzed three cohorts with short-read WGS: (i) a retrospective cohort with validated copy number variants (CNVs) (cohort 1, n=68), (ii) individuals referred for monogenic multi-gene panels (cohort 2, n=156), and (iii) 100 prospective, consecutive cases referred to our center for CMA (cohort 3). Bioinformatic tools developed include FindSV, SVDB, Rhocall, Rhoviz, and vcf2cytosure.ResultsFirst, we validated our structural variant (SV)-calling pipeline on cohort 1, consisting of three trisomies and 79 deletions and duplications with a median size of 850kb (min 500bp, max 155Mb). All variants were detected. Second, we utilized the same pipeline in cohort 2 and analyzed with monogenic WGS panels, increasing the diagnostic yield to 8%. Next, cohort 3 was analyzed by both CMA and WGS. The WGS data was processed for large (>10kb) SVs genome-wide and for exonic SVs and SNVs in a panel of 887 genes linked to intellectual disability as well as genes matched to patient-specific Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) phenotypes. This yielded a total of 25 pathogenic variants (SNVs or SVs), of which 12 were detected by CMA as well. We also applied short tandem repeat (STR) expansion detection and discovered one pathologic expansion in ATXN7. Finally, a case of Prader-Willi syndrome with uniparental disomy (UPD) was validated in the WGS data.Important positional information was obtained in all cohorts. Remarkably, 7% of the analyzed cases harbored complex structural variants, as exemplified by a ring chromosome and two duplications found to be an insertional translocation and part of a cryptic unbalanced translocation, respectively.ConclusionThe overall diagnostic rate of 27% was more than doubled compared to clinical microarray (12%). Using WGS, we detected a wide range of SVs with high accuracy. Since the WGS data also allowed for analysis of SNVs, UPD, and STRs, it represents a powerful comprehensive genetic test in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Lundin, Emma Elinor
(författare)
-
“I Owed My Son a Difficult Decision”: Mothers in and of the Labour Party
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the ways in which Labour Party MPs who happened to be mothers talked about their experiences of combining the political and private lives. Based in part on interviews conducted with Rachel Reeves MP in 2017-2018, politicians’ memoirs and other first-hand sources, it will use Harriet Harman, Yvette Cooper, Diane Abbott and Oona King as its main case studies, outlining in which way and why some women provoked greater interest in their private lives at certain points in their careers.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Lundin, Emma Elinor
(författare)
-
Mind the gender gap : Why it’s time for an equality revolution in parenting
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Prospect. - London : Prospect publishing. ; :2020-06-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Women still do the lion's share of raising children and cleaning the house. It's time for that to change. Review of Sally Howard's The Home Stretch (2020) and Helen McCarthy's Double Lives: A History of Working Motherhood (2020)
|
|
| 35. |
- Lundin, Emma Elinor
(författare)
-
Muntlig historia : Levande källor
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Teori i historisk praktik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144151496 ; , s. 255-279
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 36. |
- Lundin, Emma Elinor
(författare)
-
Trekking with the Revolution : Birgitta Dahl in Guinea-Bissau
- 2023
-
Ingår i: History Workshop. - : History Workshop Journal. - 0309-2984. ; :2023-11-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In December 1970, Birgitta Dahl – a 33-year-old Swedish Social Democrat and recently-elected Member of the Swedish Parliament – was trekking through the dense forests of Guinea-Bissau, wearing the uniform of the liberation movement led by Amílcar Cabral, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). By her side was the photographer Knut Andreassen, a political scientist called Lars Rudebeck, a Social Democratic Youth Party activist called Gunnar Hofring, and soldiers of the PAIGC. The recently liberated terrain was hotly contested by the Portuguese army, and the Swedish visitors felt the presence of war. In the book they published on their return to Sweden, Dahl and Andreassen vividly depict the Portuguese reconnaissance planes that were regularly spotted above the canopy during daytime, the Alouette helicopters that fluttered across rice paddy fields, and the Fiat bombers that roared past on their trek. The idea of Dahl, a Swedish social democrat, trekking with and donning the uniform of an armed revolutionary movement in Africa might seem almost fantastical today. Such stories and images can have a tendency to prompt imaginations of an era of solidarity and anticolonial struggle that no longer exists. But what does Dahl’s trip reveal about the politics of solidarity that connected her to the anticolonial national liberation struggle in Guinea-Bissau? How might dissecting the conditions and motivations of the various agents involved allow us to see beyond romanticised or nostalgic visions of such past encounters?
|
|
| 37. |
- Lundin, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
End-of-life care for people with advanced dementia and pain : a qualitative study in Swedish nursing homes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6955. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Of the Swedish people with advanced dementia, the majority die in nursing homes. Unresolved pain can occur in people with a terminal illness such as dementia. However, pain management in people with advanced dementia is often suboptimal and inadequate, with fewer palliative care interventions than offered to cancer patients. Although they are largely responsible for the care of these people, few studies have addressed the experiences of registered nurses in this respect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the experiences of nurses in caring for people with advanced dementia and pain at the end of life. Methods: The study had a descriptive explorative design. Individual qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 nurses from 12 nursing homes in Sweden. The results were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: The nurses described communicative, relational and organisational challenges. One major issue involved difficulties communicating with the person with advanced dementia, resulting in uncertain pain assessment. Other difficulties involved the differentiation of pain from anxiety, the balance of benefits and risks with morphine administration, and the creation of good relationships with healthcare personnel and the persons’ relatives. Relatives can greatly affect the assessment and management of pain, both because of their ability to interpret pain behaviour and by questioning the care given. Good pain management was facilitated by good communication and relationships with healthcare staff and relatives, extensive professional nursing experience, and already knowing the person with advanced dementia. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for nursing homes to employ specialist nurses who have been trained in the appropriate knowledge and skills to deal with the challenges of end-of-life care for people with advanced dementia and pain. Additionally, there should be resources and strategies available for providing information to family members and for involving them in the decision-making process, as they are often unfamiliar with the multitude of considerations involved in decisions such as whether to administer morphine or not.
|
|
| 38. |
- Lundin, Emma
(creator_code:cre_t)
-
Maktquiz
- 2023
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Lundin, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Recirkulering av näringsämnen mellan stad och land - vad vill gödselanvändaren ha?
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recirkulering av näringsämnen från avloppsströmmar tillbaka till odlingsbar mark kräver en systemomställning både vad gäller marknad, infrastruktur, policys och regelverk. Olika aktörer inom värdekedjan, från kunder i matbutiken och lantbrukare, till avloppsreningsverk, teknikleverantörer och beslutsfattande myndigheter, behöver ha någorlunda gemensamma prioriteringar och det krävs konkreta åtgärder för att möjliggöra de omställningar som krävs.Den pågående globala omställningen mot ett mer cirkulärt och hållbart samhälle kommer också att kräva stora systemomställningar i avlopps- och sanitetsbranschen. Näringsämnen som återfinns i avloppsvattnet måste återvinnas för att minska utsläpp av övergödande ämnen till vattendrag och för att säkerställa tillgång till livsmedel med behov av näringsämnen för sin tillväxt.Trots att det är tydligt att en ökad recirkulering av näring från avloppsströmmar behövs, att regelverk väntas inom en snar framtid och att teknikutvecklingen går snabbt framåt så saknas hållbara strategier för ett genomförande. Detta gäller både i Sverige och i många andra länder. Den svenska näringsplattformen, genomförde under 2020, tillsammans med forskningsprojektet End-of-Wastewater, litteraturstudier, intervjuer och enkäter med sakägare samt en workshop med olika sakägare i frågan (40 deltagare) för att komma ett steg närmare prioriterade åtgärder mot en gemensam vision för Sverige år 2030.Det finns i Sverige idag ett glapp mellan aktörer som arbetar inom avlopp- och avfallsindustrin och aktörer som arbetar inom jordbruk, lantbruk och livsmedelsindustrin. Samtidigt finns en vilja att minska detta glapp. En anledning till viljan att minska detta glapp är att de aktörer som arbetar inom avloppsindustrin vill kunna producera gödselprodukter som motsvarar de behov som finns hos jordbrukarna. I Tabell 1 sammanfattas de främsta faktorer och egenskaper som anses viktiga för dessa produkter. Tabellen har tagits fram efter en litteraturöversikt och den har sedan använts som bas i en workshop, för prioritering av dessa faktorer och egenskaper mot varandra och för att specificera nödvändiga konkreta aktiviteter för att möjliggöra en marknad för återvunna näringsprodukter till år 2030.Produkternas säkerhet har högsta prioritet när de olika deltagande aktörsgruppernas svar på workshopen slås ihop. Deltagande lantbrukare som egen urvalsgrupp ansåg dock att ett känt näringsinnehåll (kväve, fosfor, kalium) i produkten har högsta prioritet och rankade produktsäkerhet på andra plats. Deltagarna bekräftade att alla listade faktorer och egenskaper i Tabell 1 är relevanta, vilket stödjer resultatet från litteraturstudien. Även om många svar från de olika deltagande aktörsgrupperna var samstämmiga krävs ytterligare underlag från främst aktörer inom jordbruk, lantbruk och livsmedelsindustrin, för att ytterligare bekräfta behovs- och kravbilden.Deltagarna specificerade också nödvändiga aktiviteter inom fyra fokusområden:Regelverk och policyForskning och framtagande av beslutsunderlagInfrastrukturella anpassningarKunskapsutbyte och samverkanÄven om specifika aktiviteter identifierades av deltagarna under workshopen, var det svårare att tillsätta vilken aktör som bör vara ansvarig för genomförande av respektive aktivitet. Tydliga delmål med tydlig ansvarsfördelning är viktigt för uppfyllelse av slutmålen. Några av dessa delmål var:Tydliga och stödjande regelverk på regional, nationell och europeisk nivå.Certifieringssystem för gödselprodukter innehållande återvunnen näring från avloppsströmmar.Kunskapsspridning kring risker och fördelar med återvunnen näring.Arbeta för ökad social acceptans och kunskap inom området hos livsmedelskonsumenterna, men specifikt även mot aktörer som arbetar inom beslutsfattande myndigheter, livsmedelsindustrin, infrastrukturella aktörer.
|
|
| 41. |
- Löf, Liza, et al.
(författare)
-
Detecting individual extracellular vesicles using a multicolor in situ proximity ligation assay with flow cytometric readout
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow cytometry is a powerful method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of individual cells. However, flow cytometric analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the proteins present on their surfaces has been hampered by the small size of the EVs - in particular for the smallest EVs, which can be as little as 40 nm in diameter, the limited number of antigens present, and their low refractive index. We addressed these limitations for detection and characterization of EV by flow cytometry through the use of multiplex and multicolor in situ proximity ligation assays (in situ PLA), allowing each detected EV to be easily recorded over background noise using a conventional flow cytometer. By targeting sets of proteins on the surface that are specific for distinct classes of EVs, the method allows for selective recognition of populations of EVs in samples containing more than one type of EVs. The method presented herein opens up for analyses of EVs using flow cytometry for their characterization and quantification.
|
|
| 42. |
- Malm, Annika, et al.
(författare)
-
Privata servisledningar för dricksvatten, spillvatten och dagvatten : så långa är de
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Längden av Sveriges privata servisledningar för dricksvatten, spillvatten och dagvatten har nu beräknats. Den del av VA-näten som ägs privat är betydande. Ansvaret för drift, underhåll och förnyelse av de privata serviserna ligger på respektive fastighetsägare. Även längden av de allmänna servisledningarna har beräknats.En servisledning binder samman en fastighet med huvudledningen i gatan. De privata servisledningarna omfattar alla VA-ledningar på privata fastigheter fram till den så kallade förbindelsepunkten ”i närheten” av tomtgränsen. Huvudledningarnas längd är väl kartlagd hos kommunerna, medan det för servisledningar i första hand är antalet serviser som har sammanställts och inte längden. För de privata serviserna fanns tidigare ingen sammanställning av vare sig antal eller längd. Nu är alltså samtliga servisledningars längd beräknad, utifrån dataunderlag fram till och med 2015. Projektet har genomförts av RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.Sveriges bebyggelse kan delas upp i olika hustyper: småhus, radhus (inklusive kedjehus), flerbostadshus och övrig bebyggelse för verksamheter och samhällstjänster. För varje bebyggelsetyp finns det nyckeltal för servisledningslängden. Projektet sammanställde nyckeltalslängder utifrån lämpliga ”typområden”. Typområdena extrapolerades till hela Sverige genom att ledningslängden per fastighet multiplicerades med antalet sådana fastigheter i Sverige. Längderna angavs dels för dricksvatten-, spillvatten- och dagvattenserviser, dels för allmänna respektive privata serviser.Totalt uppskattas de privata servisledningarna bestå av 25 500 km dricksvatten-, 24 000 km spillvatten- och 152 000 km dagvattenledningar. De allmänna serviserna uppskattas bestå av 6 200 km dricksvatten-, 6 600 km spillvatten- och 4 400 km dagvattenledningar.I tabellen anges också den andel (i procent) av vardera ledningstypen som huvudledningar, allmänna serviser och privata serviser utgör. De privata dricksvatten- och spillvattenserviserna utgör knappt en fjärdedel av det totala dricksvatten- respektive spillvattenförande ledningsnätet. De privata dagvattenserviserna utgör nästan 80 procent av det totala dagvattennätet. Den totala längden av de privata serviserna (dricksvatten, spillvatten och dagvatten) är sammantaget ungefär hälften av den totala VA-ledningslängden i Sverige.Nyckeltalen för olika bebyggelsetyper kan användas för att varje VA-verksamhet ska kunna göra egna beräkningar. När man känner till servisledningslängden för dricksvattennätet kan en bedömning göras av hur stor andel av vattenförlusterna som uppstår i de privata servisledningarna och därför är svår att påverka för VA-verksamheterna, det som brukar anges som de oundvikliga vattenförlusterna.Återanskaffningsvärdet för de privata serviserna i Sverige bedöms till drygt 200 miljarder kronor.
|
|
| 43. |
- Myrbeck, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Användning av recirkulerade fosforprodukter från avlopp – gödslingseffekt och upplägg av odlingstester
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is part of the strategic work at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden to generate andspread knowledge on recovery and reuse of nutrients in Sweden. The aim of the report is to help ensure that high-quality products which are attractive for agricultural use emerge from Swedish wastewater treatment plants. The findings can be useful in further work on quality assurance of attractive recovered phosphorus products as fertilisers. Over 200 000 tons of dry matter sludge are produced annually at Swedish wastewater treatment plants, containing in total around 5400 tons of phosphorus that could potentially be reused inagriculture. Apart from direct spreading of bio-sludge on farmland, many different extraction technologies have been developed to recover and thus recycle phosphorus and other nutrients from wastewater and sludge. These different technologies extract phosphorus in different compounds with varying properties as a fertiliser in agriculture. The report reflects on and describes the properties of compounds produced by existing extraction technologies and estimates their value as fertilisers based on fertiliser experiments described in the literature.Two phosphorus compounds that appear particularly interesting are 1) phosphoric acid, a rawmaterial in the production of N-P-K and N-P products and certain forms of superphosphate, and 2) struvite, which has a fertiliser effect comparable to that of super-phosphate. However, it is difficult to assess and compare the fertiliser effect, or plant availability, of recovered phosphorus compounds in a fair manner. As soon as the compound touches the soil,all kinds of processes commence releasing phosphorus in plant-available forms or perhaps binding it in even stronger ways to soil minerals. The pH of the soil, but also its texture,composition of minerals, redox potential and current phosphorus concentration, are factors influencing the actual processes that take place. Other contextual factors such as climate also affect the complicated turnover of phosphorus in soil. However, once applied to farmland, all phosphorus compounds contribute to the pool of plant-available phosphorus in either the shortor long term. Phosphorus compounds that become available in the long term are valuable froma nutrient storage point of view. However, for a highly phosphorus-demanding crop on a phosphorus-deficient soil, rapid delivery of plant-available phosphorus is required. The variation between different types of soil is often great, but an attempt is made in this report to present amore general ranking of different recovered compounds from wastewater or sludge extraction(based on their function as a phosphorus fertiliser according to the literature). The table below summarises the compounds and provides a rough estimate of their general function as phosphorus fertiliser, where 1 indicates good fertilising effect and 4 indicates weak fertilising effect.[table, see fulltext]It is not only the fertiliser effect that determines the attractiveness of a product to farmers. Other decisive factors are competitive price, physical properties of the product that are compatible with modern cultivation techniques and machinery, and a well-defined nutrient content that is homogeneous and stable over time.Tests to assess and evaluate the fertiliser properties of recovered phosphorus products are currently based on varying and often simplified methodologies, meaning that data from different producers are difficult to compare. This report highlights the need for developing comparable and applicable tests for recovered phosphorus products. It also considers relevant parameters to analyse and suggests an appropriate test set-up. The plant availability and effect of nutrients in (recovered) fertiliser products can be assessed in three steps:Chemical determination and content quantification of phosphorus forms and environmental toxins.Greenhouse cultivation experiments.Field cultivation tests.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Olsson, Emma, 1980-
(författare)
-
Promoting health in premature infants : with special focus on skin-to-skin contact and development of valid pain assesment
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Premature infants are at greater risk for both short- and long-term negative outcomes than infants born at full term. Premature infants have an immature nervous system and are not developmentally prepared to process the often excessive stimuli and frequent painful procedures of intensive care. Skin-to-skin contact between the infant and the parent is beneficial for both infant and parents and can also humanize the intense environment of the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of the thesis, to promote health in premature infants had two parts: (1) to investigate aspects of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) within neonatal care, and (2) to contribute to the development of a valid method for pain assessment in premature infants. In Study I, questionnaires about the implementation of SSC and staff’s attitudes toward the method were sent to all neonatal units in the Nordic countries. SSC was offered in all 87% of the units that responded, but to different extents in different countries. Medical risks and the physical environment were considered barriers to SSC, and the infant’s general development was considered the primary benefit. In Study II, 20 fathers of premature infants were interviewed about their experiences with SSC. The fathers’ overall experiences were positive and SSC made them feel involvedin their infant’s care. They also described the environment as an obstacle, but the experience as both gratifying and challenging. In Study III, SSC with their mothers was shown to have a pain-relieving effect on premature infants undergoing a blood test. This effect was examined through nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) over the somatosensory cortex. In Study IV the Premature Infant Pain Profile - Revised was translated and culturally adapted into Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish. In summary, SSC was used to various degrees in the Nordic countries, fathers seemed to appreciate the method, which made them feel more involved, and SSC provided pain relief during a blood test.
|
|
| 47. |
- Petersen, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Creating comparable public tolerance and technical performance measures for critical infrastructure resilience evaluation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World - Proceedings of the 28th International European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2018. - 9780815386827 ; , s. 1231-1240
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- No consensus currently exists on how to measure and evaluate Critical Infrastructure (CI) resilience. Attempting to use the public’s declared coping capacity as a target for CI resilience, this paper explores how to develop relevant resilience performance measurements that enable comparison to the tolerance levels of the general public. To do so, one must first establish the normal performance of the system and the applicable performance measures. Then, a survey is used to convert public perception into these measures as to enable comparison with the technical resilience performance. The CI resilience will be presented through a family of so-called resilience triangles which will illustrate the evolution of the performance, before, during and after a crisis event. A case study of the Municipal Water Network of Barreiro, Portugal, is used. The overall performance is preferably described with the categories quality, quantity and delivery. In quantifying the performance the importance of what is being assessed, to what hazard and for which end-user became evident.
|
|
| 48. |
- Petersen, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Resilience for whom? : The general public's tolerance levels as CI resilience criteria
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1874-5482 .- 2212-2087. ; 28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While maintaining a minimum level of service and rapidly restoring services to normal are key components of critical infrastructure (CI) resilience, who should and how to define these parameters remains under debate. Rarely solicited in the debate, yet integral actors in CI resilience, is the general public. In response to this, this paper presents a questionnaire-based methodology for determining public tolerance levels for service reduction and recovery rapidity. This paper explores this under-researched area using a case-study of the Barreiro Municipal Water Network. It draws on key themes that emerged from the literature as well as interviews with the CI operators in order to develop a tolerance questionnaire, implements said questionnaire (N = 1005), and analysizes the results. Results demonstrate that the methodology works for collecting tolerance levels, that when taking into account vulnerable groups, public tolerance levels appear higher than CI operator capability and that communication expectations are high.
|
|
| 49. |
- Peterson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Knee dGEMRIC at 7 T : Comparison against 1.5 T and evaluation of T1-mapping methods
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: dGEMRIC (delayed Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Image of Cartilage) is a well-established technique for cartilage quality assessment in osteoarthritis at clinical field strengths. The method is robust, but requires injection of contrast agent and a cumbersome examination procedure. New non-contrast-agent-based techniques for cartilage quality assessment are currently being developed at 7 T. However, dGEMRIC remains an important reference technique during this development. The aim of this work was to compare T1 mapping for dGEMRIC at 7 T and 1.5 T, and to evaluate three T1-mapping methods at 7 T. Methods: The knee of 10 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with early signs of cartilage degradation were examined at 1.5 T and 7 T after a single (one) contrast agent injection (Gd-(DTPA)2-). Inversion recovery (IR) sequences were acquired at both field strengths, and at 7 T variable flip angle (VFA) and Look-Locker (LL) sequences were additionally acquired. T1 maps were calculated and average T1 values were estimated within superficial and deep regions-of-interest (ROIs) in the lateral and medial condyles, respectively. Results: T1 values were 1.8 (1.4-2.3) times longer at 7 T. A strong correlation was detected between 1.5 T and 7 T T1 values (r = 0.80). For IR, an additional inversion time was required to avoid underestimation (bias±limits of agreement - 127 ± 234 ms) due to the longer T1 values at 7 T. Out of the two 3D sequences tested, LL resulted in more accurate and precise T1 estimation compared to VFA (average bias±limits of agreement LL: 12 ± 202 ms compared to VFA: 25 ± 622 ms). For both, B1 correction improved agreement to IR. Conclusion: With an adapted sampling scheme, dGEMRIC T1 mapping is feasible at 7 T and correlates well to 1.5 T. If 3D is to be used for T1 mapping of the knee at 7 T, LL is preferred and VFA is not recommended. For VFA and LL, B1 correction is necessary for accurate T1 estimation.
|
|
| 50. |
- Pisanu, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
-
Major depression subtypes are differentially associated with migraine subtype, prevalence and severity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cephalalgia. - : SAGE Publications. - 0333-1024 .- 1468-2982. ; 40:4, s. 347-356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Migraine and major depressive disorder show a high rate of comorbidity, but little is known about the associations between the subtypes of major depressive disorder and migraine. In this cross-sectional study we aimed at investigating a) the lifetime associations between the atypical, melancholic, combined and unspecified subtype of major depressive disorder and migraine with and without aura and b) the associations between major depressive disorder and its subtypes and the severity of migraine.METHODS: A total of 446 subjects with migraine (migraine without aura: n = 294; migraine with aura: n = 152) and 2511 controls from the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study, Switzerland, were included. Associations between major depressive disorder subtypes and migraine characteristics were tested using binary logistic or linear regression.RESULTS: Melancholic, combined and unspecified major depressive disorder were associated with increased frequency of migraine with aura, whereas only melancholic major depressive disorder was associated with increased frequency of migraine without aura. Lifetime and unspecified major depressive disorder were associated with severe migraine intensity among subjects with migraine with aura but not migraine without aura, while combined major depressive disorder was associated with higher migraine frequency independently from migraine subtype.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that melancholic but not atypical major depressive disorder is associated with migraine and migraine subtypes. Future studies exploring pathophysiological mechanisms shared between melancholic depression and migraine are warranted.
|
|
