| 1. |
- Holm, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Lexikala profiler i några nutida romaner
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning 34 : Förhandlingar vid trettiofjärde sammankomsten. Lund den 22–24 oktober 2014 - Förhandlingar vid trettiofjärde sammankomsten. Lund den 22–24 oktober 2014. - 0347-8971. - 9789187833779 ; 74, s. 201-213
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Agebjörn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Kvinna – motsatsen till man? : Ordet kvinna:s semantik
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning 34 : Förhandlingar vid Trettiofjärde sammankomsten Lund den 22–24 oktober 2014 - Förhandlingar vid Trettiofjärde sammankomsten Lund den 22–24 oktober 2014. - 0347-8971. - 9789187833779 - 9789187833786 ; 74, s. 61-77
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bateni, Fatemeh, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution, source and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of northern part of the Persian Gulf
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 295
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution, sources, and ecological risk of 43 compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments of the Persian Gulf were investigated. The sediments were sampled from 60 offshore stations during an oceanographic cruise in the winter of 2012. Gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the PAHs determinations in sediment samples. The concentrations of 21 parent PAHs, 7 methylated PAHs, 11 oxygenated PAHs and 4 nitrated PAHs were 9.0–201.5 ng g−1 dw, 3.3–60.3 ng g−1 dw, 15.2–172.7 ng g−1 dw and 0.1–8.3 ng g−1 dw, respectively. Among 21 parental PAHs, naphthalene (29.35 ng g−1 dw), phenanthrene (4.6 ng g−1 dw), and pyrene (3.18 ng g−1 dw) were the most abundant compound. 1-acenaphthenone (43.41 ng g−1 dw) and 2-methylnaphthalene (7.15 ng g−1 dw) showed the highest concentration in the oxy- and methyl-PAHs, respectively. The concentrations of nitro-PAHs were between not detected to 4 ng g−1 dw. According to the ecological risk assessment, the calculated total toxicity of PAHs was at below the lethal level on benthic organisms in all stations in the Persian Gulf, but there is risk of toxicity for the benthic organism in the Gulf of Oman (from the Strait of Hormuz to Jask). In general, nitrogenated and oxygenated derivatives did not show a significant risk in the study area. Based on the diagnostic ratios, the mixed sources (both petrogenic and pyrogenic) and pyrogenic sources have been identified for PAHs. Biomass combustion source has been identified for the stations near flares and gas fields. Principle component analysis-multivariate linear regression analysis for source identification shows that maritime traffic, abundant flares that burn the gas in oil, gas fields and dust storms have a major impact on the production of PAHs in this area.
|
|
| 7. |
- Behboudi, Afrouz, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
The functional significance of absence: the chromosomal segment harboring Tp53 is absent from the T55 rat radiation hybrid mapping panel.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543 .- 1089-8646. ; 79:6, s. 844-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The T55 rat radiation hybrid (RH) mapping panel has been reported to retain the entire rat genome at retention frequencies between 22% and 37%. However, we found that a small segment of rat chromosome 10 harboring at least four different genes, including Tp53, was completely absent from the panel (retention frequency = 0%). Two other markers located in the vicinity exhibited much reduced retention (2-6%). RH clones are generated by transferring highly fragmented DNA into a recipient cell. There might be a strong selection against the transfer and retention of chromosome segments harboring an intact Tp53, as the action of this gene might prevent proliferation and establishment of the RH clone. Our finding further suggests that unexpected low retention or absence of chromosome segments in an RH panel may represent indications that the segments harbor genes with important functions in cell proliferation control.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
-
Bromoanisoles and Methoxylated Bromodiphenyl Ethers in Macroalgae from Nordic Coastal Regions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science. - London : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; , s. 881-892
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine macroalgae are used worldwide for human consumption, animal feed, cosmetics and agriculture. In addition to beneficial nutrients, macroalgae contain halogenated natural products (HNPs), some of which have toxic properties similar to those of well-known anthropogenic contaminants. Sixteen species of red, green and brown macroalgae were collected in 2017–2018 from coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea, Sweden Atlantic and Norway Atlantic, and analyzed for bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). Target compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), with qualitative confirmation in selected species by GC-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Quantified compounds were 2,4-diBA, 2,4,6-triBA, 2′-MeO-BDE68, 6-MeO-BDE47, and two tribromo-MeO-BDEs and one tetrabromo-MeO-BDE with unknown bromine substituent positions. Semiquantitative results for pentabromo-MeO-BDEs were also obtained for a few species by GC-HRMS. Three extraction methods were compared; soaking in methanol, soaking in methanol–dichloromethane, and blending with mixed solvents. Extraction yields of BAs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) with the three methods and the two soaking methods gave equivalent yields of MeO-BDEs. Extraction efficiencies of MeO-BDEs were significantly lower using the blend method (p < 0.05). For reasons of simplicity and efficiency, the soaking methods are preferred. Concentrations varied by orders of magnitude among species: ∑2BAs 57 to 57 700 and ∑5MeO-BDEs < 10 to 476 pg g−1 wet weight (ww). Macroalgae standing out with ∑2BAs >1000 pg g−1 ww were Ascophyllum nodosum, Ceramium tenuicorne, Ceramium virgatum, Fucus radicans, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Acrosiphonia/Spongomorpha sp. Species A. nodosum, C. tenuicorne, Chara virgata, F. radicans and F. vesiculosus (Sweden Atlantic only) had ∑5MeO-BDEs >100 pg g−1ww. Profiles of individual compounds showed distinct differences among species and locations.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bornscheuer, Lisa, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional Variation in the FAAH Gene Is Directly Associated with Subjective Well-Being and Indirectly Associated with Problematic Alcohol Use
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Genes. - 2073-4425. ; 14:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that degrades anandamide, an endocannabinoid that modulates mesolimbic dopamine release and, consequently, influences states of well-being. Despite these known interactions, the specific role of FAAH in subjective well-being remains underexplored. Since well-being is a dynamic trait that can fluctuate over time, we hypothesized that we could provide deeper insights into the link between FAAH and well-being using longitudinal data. To this end, we analyzed well-being data collected three years apart using the WHO (Ten) Well-Being Index and genotyped a functional polymorphism in the FAAH gene (rs324420, Pro129Thr) in a sample of 2822 individuals. We found that the A-allele of rs324420, which results in reduced FAAH activity and elevated anandamide levels, was associated with lower well-being scores at both time points (Wave I, B: −0.52, p = 0.007; Wave II, B: −0.41, p = 0.03, adjusted for age and sex). A subsequent phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) affirmed our well-being findings in the UK Biobank (N = 126,132, alternative C-allele associated with elevated happiness, p = 0.008) and revealed an additional association with alcohol dependence. In our cohort, using lagged longitudinal mediation analyses, we uncovered evidence of an indirect association between rs324420 and problematic alcohol use (AUDIT-P) through the pathway of lower well-being (indirect effect Boot: 0.015, 95% CI [0.003, 0.030], adjusted for AUDIT in Wave I). We propose that chronically elevated anandamide levels might influence disruptions in the endocannabinoid system—a biological contributor to well-being—which could, in turn, contribute to increased alcohol intake, though multiple factors may be at play. Further genetic studies and mediation analyses are needed to validate and extend these findings.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bornscheuer, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
The cannabinoid receptor-1 gene interacts with stressful life events to increase the risk for problematic alcohol use
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problematic alcohol use is a major contributor to the global burden of death and disabilities, and it represents a public health concern that has grown substantially following the COVID-19 pandemic. The available treatment options remain limited and to develop better pharmacotherapies for alcohol misuse we need to identify suitable biological targets. Previous research has implicated the brain’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) in psychiatric and stress-related outcomes, including substance use and habituation to repeated stress. Moreover, genetic variants in the cannabinoid-1 receptor gene (CNR1; CB1R) have been associated with personality traits, which are in turn predictors of substance use disorders. To date, however, no human genome-wide association study has provided evidence for an involvement of the ECS in substance use outcomes. One reason for this ECS-related “missing heritability” may be unexamined gene-environment interactions. To explore this possibility, we conducted cross-sectional analyses using DNA samples and stress-exposure data from a longitudinal Swedish population-based study (N = 2,915). Specifically, we genotyped rs2023239, a functional C/T single nucleotide polymorphism in CNR1, previously reported to be associated with CNR1 binding in the brain, subjective reward following alcohol intake, and alcohol cue-elicited brain activation. Our two outcomes of interest were (i) problematic alcohol use based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and (ii) personality trait scores based on the Five Factor Model. We found no baseline association between rs2023239 and problematic alcohol use or personality traits. However, there was a clear trend for interaction between rs2023239’s risk allele (C) and stressful life events (SLEs) in both childhood and adulthood, which predicted problematic alcohol use. Although not significant, there was also some indication that the risk allele interacted with child SLEs to increase scores on neuroticism. Our study supports the notion that the ECS can affect alcohol intake behaviors by interacting with life adversities and is—to the best of our knowledge—the first to focus on the interaction between CNR1 and stressors in both childhood and adulthood in humans. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
|
|
| 11. |
- Brege, Harald, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multiactor touchpoints in the customer journey
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores how B2B firms can manage the value creation process at multi-actor touchpoints in the customer journey. We argue that B2B firms can benefit from opening up their touchpoints to multi-actor interactions between the customer, firm, partners and other customers, answering recent calls for broadening the scope of customer journeys to also include such multi-actor touchpoints. In our research we perceive the value creating process as the actors, activities and resources involved in the emergence of value through the customer journey. An ecosystem perspective is adopted to increase understanding of how firms can enhance the value creating process through the B2B customer journey. By empirically examining an industrial ecosystem, our tentative findings point towards the importance of balancing the number of touchpoints as well as designing touchpoints depending on the customer’s needs and requirements to manage the value creation process.
|
|
| 12. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Dioxins in atmospheric deposition: comparison of samplers
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs /PCDFs) have great potential for atmospheric long-range transport and deposition. The atmosphere is an important pathway for these contaminants to both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The Swedish national monitoring program for organic contaminants in air and precipitation includes, except PCDD/PCDFs, a large number of different substances/group of substances which differ in chemical and physical properties which not only affect their behaviour in the atmosphere and the deposition process but also the requirements on sampling methods used. This leads to great demands on the type of deposition sampler to be used in a monitoring program where the aim is to monitor several different organic substances and compromises are necessary when choosing sampler type.The overall aim of this study is to compare two different types of deposition samplers for sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. These two samplers, the IVL-sampler and the MONAS sampler, have quite different sampling characteristics. In addition, brominated dioxins/furans were included in the measurements in order to get an idea of their occurrence in deposition at the Swedish west coast.The sampling program lasted for one year with 4 sampling periods with a sampling duration of 3 months. This gives results showing seasonal variation and the opportunity to estimate the annual deposition.The overall results from this study show that:• Differences in measured deposition fluxes were found between the two samplers with a variation in magnitude between different sampling occasions. A greater amount of dioxins/furans in deposition was measured with the MONAS sampler at three out of the four periods.• The annual dioxin/furan deposition was about 25 % higher with the MONAS sampler compared to the IVL sampler, when LOD (limit of detection) was replaced with zero for all non-detected congeners in the sum of the congeners.•The results from the sampling comparison for the two samplers gave a difference of 25%on annual basis which should be assessed in relation to the given analytical uncertainty which was +/-29% for all samples.The results found here are in agreement with other comparison studies when deposition samplers with different sampling characteristics were used (Brorström-Lundén, 1995). From this and other studies we can conclude that sampling of dioxins/furans as well as for other POPs gives different deposition fluxes when using samplers with different sampling characteristics. The collection efficiency differs not only among e.g. different congeners but also between sampling occasions which differ in ambient conditions such as amounts of precipitation, ambient air temperature and atmospheric particle concentrations. The choice of the type of deposition sampler to be used must therefore depend on the purpose of the measurements and the results should be discussed in relation to the sampling methods.
|
|
| 13. |
- Calderon, Blanca, et al.
(författare)
-
Study of the presence of PCDDs/PCDFs on zero-valent iron nanoparticles
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 169, s. 361-368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies show that nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles enhance the formation of chlorinated compounds such as polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) during thermal processes. However, it is unclear whether nZVI acts as a catalyst for the formation of these compounds or contains impurities, such as PCDD/Fs, within its structure. We analyzed the presence of PCDD/Fs in nZVI particles synthesized through various production methods to elucidate this uncertainty. None of the 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners were found in the commercially-produced nZVI, but they were present in the laboratory synthesized nZVI produced through the borohydride method, particularly in particles synthesized from iron (III) chloride rather than from iron sulfate. Total PCDD/F WHO-TEQ concentrations of up to 35 pg/g were observed in nZVI particles, with hepta-and octa-chlorinated congeners being the most abundant. The reagents used in the borohydride method were also analyzed, and our findings suggest that FeCl3 effectively contains PCDD/Fs at concentrations that could explain the concentrations observed in the nZVI product. Both FeCl3 and nZVI showed a similar PCDD/F patterns with slight differences. These results suggest that PCDD/Fs might transfer from FeCl3 to nZVI during the production method, and thus, care should be taken when employing certain nZVI for environmental remediation.
|
|
| 14. |
- Conradsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
-
Berg Balance Scale : intrarater test-retest reliability among older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 87:9, s. 1155-1163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is frequently used to assess balance in older people, but knowledge is lacking about the absolute reliability of BBS scores. The aim of this study was to investigate the absolute and relative intrarater test-retest reliability of data obtained with the BBS when it is used among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities. The participants were 45 older people (36 women and 9 men) who were living in 3 residential care facilities. Their mean age was 82.3 years (SD=6.6, range=68-96), and their mean score on the Mini Mental State Examination was 17.5 (SD=6.3, range=4-30). The BBS was assessed twice by the same assessor. The intrarater test-retest reliability assessments were made at approximately the same time of day and with 1 to 3 days in between assessments. Absolute reliability was calculated using an analysis of variance with a 95% confidence level, as suggested by Bland and Altman. Relative reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The mean score was 30.1 points (SD=15.9, range=3-53) for the first BBS test and 30.6 points (SD=15.6, range=4-54) for the retest. The mean absolute difference between the 2 tests was 2.8 points (SD=2.7, range=0-11). The absolute reliability was calculated as being 7.7 points, and the ICC was calculated to .97. Despite a high ICC value, the absolute reliability showed that a change of 8 BBS points is required to reveal a genuine change in function among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities. This knowledge is important in the clinical setting when evaluating an individual's change in balance function over time in this group of older people.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Conradsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
-
The Berg Balance Scale : Intra-rater reliability in older people dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the absolute and the relative intra-rater reliability of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living (ADL) and living in residential care facilities.Methods: The participants were 45 older people, 36 females and 9 men, who were dependent in ADL and living in three residential care facilities. Their mean age ± SD was 82.3 ± 6.6 (range 68-96) and mean ± SD of Mini Mental State Examination score was 17.5 ± 6.3 (range 4-30). The BBS was assessed twice by the same assessor, at approximately the same time of day, and with 1-3 days in between. The absolute reliability for the difference in score between the two test occasions was calculated with the Bland and Altman analysis of variance with 95 % confidence level. The relative reliability was calculated with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).Results: For the first test of the BBS, mean ± SD was 30.1 ± 15.9 (range 3-53) points and for the retest 30.6 ± 15.6 (range 4-54). The absolute difference between the two test occasions was in mean ± SD 2.8 ± 2.7 (range 0-11) points. The absolute intra-rater reliability was calculated to 7.7 points and the ICC value was 0.97. Conclusions: Despite a high ICC value, the result of the absolute reliability show that a change of 8 BBS points is required to reveal a genuine change of function among older people who are dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities. This knowledge is important in the clinical setting when evaluating an individual's change in balance function over time.
|
|
| 18. |
- Dreij, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
-
Polycyclic aromatic compounds in urban soils of Stockholm City : Occurrence, sources and human health risk assessment
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are ubiquitous pollutants that are found everywhere in our environment, including air, soil and water. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations, distribution, sources and potential health risk of 43 PACs in soils collected from 25 urban parks in Stockholm City, Sweden. These PACs included 21 PAHs, 11 oxygenated PAHs, 7 methylated PAHs, and 4 azaarenes whose concentrations ranged between 190 and 54 500, 30.5-5 300, 14.9-680, and 4.17-590 ng/g soil, respectively. Fluoranthene was found at the highest levels ranging between 17.7 and 9800 ng/g, benzo[a]pyrene between 9.64 and 4600 ng/g, and the highly potent carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene up to 740 ng/g. The most abundant oxy-PAH was 6H-benzo[cd] pyren-6-one (2.09-2300 ng/g). Primary sources of PAHs were identified by use of diagnostic ratios and Positive Matrix Factorization modelling and found to be pyrogenic including vehicle emissions and combustion of biomass. Estimating the incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRS) associated with exposure to PAHs in these soils indicated that the PAH levels in some parks constitute a considerable increased risk level for adults and children (total ILCR > 1 x 10(-4)). Compared to worldwide urban parks contamination, we conclude that the PAC soil levels in parks of Stockholm City in general are low, but that some parks are more heavily contaminated and should be considered for clean-up actions to limit human health risks.
|
|
| 19. |
- Duong Phan, Ngoc Chau, et al.
(författare)
-
Accurate sampling of PCDD/F in high temperature flue-gas using cooled sampling probes
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 88:7, s. 832-836
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a laboratory-scale combustion reactor, flue-gas samples were collected at two temperatures in the post-combustion zone, 700 °C and 400 °C, using two different water-cooled sampling probes. The probes were the cooled probe described in the European Standard method EN-1948:1, referred to as the original probe, and a modified probe that contained a salt/ice mixture to assist the cooling, referred to as the sub-zero probe. To determine the efficiency of the cooling probes, internal temperature measurements were recorded at 5 cm intervals inside the probes. Flue-gas samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Samples collected at 700 °C using the original cooling probe showed higher concentrations of PCDD/Fs compared to samples collected using the sub-zero probe. No significant differences were observed between samples collected at 400 °C. The results indicated that artifact formation of PCDD/Fs readily occurs during flue-gas sampling at high temperatures if the cooling within the probe is insufficient, as found for the original probe at 700 °C. It was also shown that this problem could be alleviated by using probes with an enhanced cooling capacity, such as the sub-zero probe.Although this may not affect samples collected for regulatory purposes in exit gases, it is of great importance for research conducted in the high-temperature region of the post-combustion zone.
|
|
| 20. |
- Dupont, Chris L., et al.
(författare)
-
Functional Tradeoffs Underpin Salinity-Driven Divergence in Microbial Community Composition
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89549-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial community composition and functional potential change subtly across gradients in the surface ocean. In contrast, while there are significant phylogenetic divergences between communities from freshwater and marine habitats, the underlying mechanisms to this phylogenetic structuring yet remain unknown. We hypothesized that the functional potential of natural bacterial communities is linked to this striking divide between microbiomes. To test this hypothesis, metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities along a 1,800 km transect in the Baltic Sea area, encompassing a continuous natural salinity gradient from limnic to fully marine conditions, was explored. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that salinity is the main determinant of dramatic changes in microbial community composition, but also of large scale changes in core metabolic functions of bacteria. Strikingly, genetically and metabolically different pathways for key metabolic processes, such as respiration, biosynthesis of quinones and isoprenoids, glycolysis and osmolyte transport, were differentially abundant at high and low salinities. These shifts in functional capacities were observed at multiple taxonomic levels and within dominant bacterial phyla, while bacteria, such as SAR11, were able to adapt to the entire salinity gradient. We propose that the large differences in central metabolism required at high and low salinities dictate the striking divide between freshwater and marine microbiomes, and that the ability to inhabit different salinity regimes evolved early during bacterial phylogenetic differentiation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of microbial distributions and stress the need to incorporate salinity in future climate change models that predict increased levels of precipitation and a reduction in salinity.
|
|
| 21. |
- Enell, Anja, et al.
(författare)
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ash: Determination of total and leachable concentrations
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 152:2, s. 285-292
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before wood ash can be used as a soil fertilizer, concentrations of environmentally hazardous compounds must be investigated. In this study, total and leachable concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in four ash samples and one green liquor sludge. The ash sample with the highest carbon content also contained high levels of PAHs; three of the ash samples had total concentrations exceeding the limit permitted by the Swedish Forest Agency for recycling to forest soils. The leachable concentrations were higher for the nonstabilized samples; this was probably due to colloid-facilitated transport of the contaminants in these samples. However, the leachable concentrations were overall relatively low in all the samples studied. The amounts of PAHs introduced to forest soils by additions of stabilized, recyclable ash products will be determined primarily by the rate of weathering of the ash particles and the total concentration of contaminants.
|
|
| 22. |
- Espinosa, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced social learning of threat in adults with autism
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecular Autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators"through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine whether typically developing social cognition is necessary for successful observational learning. Methods: Adults with ASD (n = 23) and neurotypical controls (n = 25) completed a social fear learning (SFL) procedure in which participants watched a "demonstrator"receiving electrical shocks in conjunction with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), but never with a safe control stimulus (CS-). Skin conductance was used to measure autonomic responses of learned threat responses to the CS+ versus CS-. Visual attention was measured during learning using eye tracking. To establish a non-social learning baseline, each participant also underwent a test of Pavlovian conditioning. Results: During learning, individuals with ASD attended less to the demonstrator's face, and when later tested, displayed stronger observational, but not Pavlovian, autonomic indices of learning (skin conductance) compared to controls. In controls, both higher levels of attention to the demonstrator's face and trait empathy predicted diminished expressions of learning during test. Limitations: The relatively small sample size of this study and the typical IQ range of the ASD group limit the generalizability of our findings to individuals with ASD in the average intellectual ability range. Conclusions: The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion.
|
|
| 23. |
- Guath, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Pupil dilation during negative prediction errors is related to brain choline concentration and depressive symptoms in adolescents
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depressive symptoms are associated with altered pupillary responses during learning and reward prediction as well as with changes in neurometabolite levels, including brain concentrations of choline, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the full link between depressive symptoms, reward-learning-related pupillary responses and neurometabolites is yet to be established as these constructs have not been assessed in the same individuals. The present pilot study, investigated these relations in a sample of 24 adolescents aged 13 years. Participants completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and underwent a reward learning task while measuring pupil dilation and a single voxel dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) MEGA-PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan assessing choline, glutamate and GABA concentrations. Pupil dilation was related to prediction errors (PE) during learning, which was captured by a prediction error-weighted pupil dilation response index (PE-PDR) for each individual. Higher PE-PDR scores, indicating larger pupil dilations to negative prediction errors, were related to lower depressive symptoms and lower dACC choline concentrations. Dorsal ACC choline was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas glutamate and GABA were not related to PE-PDR or depressive symptoms. The findings support notions of cholinergic involvement in depressive symptoms and cholinergic influence on reward-related pupillary response, suggesting that pupillary responses to negative prediction errors may hold promise as a biomarker of depressive states.
|
|
| 24. |
- Haglund, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Hazardous compounds released from textiles and the associated load they place on Swedish sewage treatment plants
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hushållens bidrag av tvättvatten från textiltvätt till de kommunala avloppsreningsverken uppskattas till ca 2% av det totala volymflödet. Registerdata över kemikalier som används vid tillverkning av textilier/kläder samt analyser av tvättvatten visar att textilfibrer, mikroplastfibrer och många miljöstörande ämnen når våra reningsverk via textiltvätt. Dessa fibrer och kemiska ämnen kan bidra till förorening av avloppsreningsslam som används för gödsling av åkermark eller av vattenmiljö nedströms reningsverken.Ett av Sveriges miljömål är En Giftfri Miljö och dess delmål innefattar bl.a. information om farliga ämnen i varor (Ds 2012:23). Textilier är en av de varugrupper som Miljömålberedningen föreslagit (SOU 2012:38) bli föremål för ett regeringsuppdrag avseende innehåll av farliga ämnen och riskbegränsande åtgärder samt frivillig miljömärkning. I det svenska miljömålsystemet ingår också generationsmål om att materialkretsloppen skall vara så fria från farliga ämnen som möjligt och att våra konsumtionsmönster av varor ska ge så små hälso- och miljöproblem som möjligt även i varornas tillverkningsländer utanför Sverige. Generationsmålet innebär att svensk politik behöver ta hänsyn till den miljö- och hälsopåverkan som svensk konsumtion orsakar i andra länder. EU:s ramdirektiv för avfall (2008/96/EG) har vidare slagit fast en avfallshierarki som sätter återanvändning av uttjänta varor, t. ex. kläder, före materialåtervinning av avfall.SyfteSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka i vilken utsträckning som vattentvätt av fem klädtyper (t-tröjor av bomull med plasttryck, bomullsjeans, arbetsbyxor, fleecetröjor samt allvädersjackor) bidrar till förekomsten av miljögifter i slam samt i utgående vatten från representativt utvalda svenska reningsverk.UtförandeKläder av fem olika klädtyper, enligt specifikation från naturvårdsverket (baserat på en tidigare studie av Swerea) köptes in från affärer i Umeå under januari 2014. Det var 8 st t-tröjor av bomull med plasttryck, 3 st bomullsjeans, 2 st arbetsbyxor, 8 st fleecetröjor samt 3 st allvädersjackor.Kläderna tvättades i en vanlig tvättmaskin 2 gånger efter varandra utan att torka mellan och allt tvättvatten samlades upp. Delprov av tvättvattnet togs ut och analyserades för 126 utvalda ämnena på tre olika laboratorier (Miljökemiska Laboratoriet, Umeå Universitet, Svenska Miljöinstitutet (IVL) och Stockholms Universitet (ACES)). Ämnena var processkemikalier såsom pentaklorfenol, och triklosan, funktionskemikalier såsom ftalater och organofosfater samt oönskade kemikalier såsom dioxiner, klorfenoler och klorbensener.2ResultatStudien visar på att det mängdmässigt främst är funktionskemikalier som släpper från kläderna vid tvätt. Det här var väntat då dessa kemikalier är avsiktligt och oftast inte kemiskt bundet till tyget. Processkemikalier avges i mindre mängd och oönskade kemikalier såsom till exempel klorerade fenoler och bensener hittades i väldigt små mängder i tvättvattnet oavsett vilken typ av klädesplagg som tvättats. Vare sig processkemikalierna eller de oönskade kemikalierna borde finnas i plaggen och därför var det väntat att dessa kemikalier inte skulle hittas i samma utsträckning som funktionskemikalierna.Om man ser till detektionsfrekvensen, d.v.s. hur ofta de ämnen som ingår i en ämnesklass påträffas, blir bilden delvis en annan. Mer än 75% av de funktionskemikalier (38 av 50), ca 50% av funktionskemikalierna (26 av 49) och ca. 30% av processkemikalierna (8 av 27) detekterades i tvättvattenproverna.T-tröjor och skaljackorna var de klädtyper som avgav störst mängd kemikalier per kg 47 mg/kg (0.005% w/w) för t-tröjor följt av 23 mg/kg (0.002% w/w) för skaljackor. Jeans, arbetsbyxor och fleecetröjor släppte mycket mindre mängd kemikalier 0.001, 0.001 and 0.0005% vid tvätt till tvättvattnet.De fem klädtyperna släppte alla bisfenol AF, organofosfater, ftalater, formaldehyd, bromerade och klorerade fenoler samt klorerade bensener till tvättvattnet vid de två första tvättarna. Några föreningar som inte kunde detekteras i tvättvattnet var 4 stycken siloxaner, 9 stycken olika aniliner och majoriteten av de 17 dioxinerna och furanerna som ingick i studien.T-tröjor släppte mer textilfibrer (0,85 mg/kg) jämfört med de andra klädtyperna. De andra klädtyperna släppte betydlig mindre fibrer vid tvätt: jeans 0,46 mg/kg, skaljackor 0,02 mg/kg, arbetsbyxor 0,07 mg/kg och fleecetröjor 0,1 mg/kg.DiskussionOm man tar hänsyn till den årliga användningsvolymen av de olika klädestyperna avger t-tröjorna den största mängden kemikalier (469 kg funktionella kemikalier, 0,5 kg processkemikalier och 0,07 kg oönskade kemikalier) vid de två första tvättarna av plaggen. Arbetsbyxor var den klädestyp som släppte minst kemikalier (30 kg funktionella kemikalier, 7 kg processkemikalier och 0,9 g oönskade kemikalier).Ftalater och organofosfater frigjordes i stora mängder från kläderna (302 kg och 7,6 kg) och bidrar med 50% respektive 5% vardera till vad som återfinns i utgående vatten och slam från avloppsreningsverken. Klorfenoler och perfluorerade ämnen frigjordes i betydligt mindre mängder (430 g och 300 g) men bidrar i teorin med mer (167% respektive 223%) än vad som återfinns i utgåendevatten och slam från avloppsreningsverken för respektive grupp, vilket är orealistiskt. Brister i dataunderlaget eller degradering av föroreningar i reningsprocessen kan vara möjliga orsaker till överskattningen. Det är dock klart att tvätt av kläder ger ett betydande bidrag till vad som återfinns i reningsverksvatten och slam.3SlutsatserKemikalier som är förbjudna enligt t ex Reach ska naturligtvis inte förekomma i kläder. Trots det så hittas de ändå ibland vid inspektion. Det är ett stort problem eftersom kemikalierna fortfarande kan vara lagliga att använda i visa länder. Exempelvis är det förbjudet att använda arylaminer inom EU, ändå återfinner vi en av dessa 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane i tvättvatten från alla typer av kläder i denna studie. Idag sker produktion av kläder över hela världen och det är svårt att få information om vilka kemikalier som har använts för ett visst plagg. Denna spårbarhet skulle behöva förbättras.I den här studien har vi hittat 72 av 126 föreningar, alla icke-naturliga föreningar, i tvättvattnet. De föreningar som frigjordes i störst mängder till tvättvattnet i den här studien var BPS, ftalater (DBP, BBP, DEHP, DINP, DIDP), DINCH, organofosfater (TPP, TCEP, TCPP, TEHP, TBEP) och formaldehyd. Med hänsyn taget till nettotillförseln av nya kläder kommer den mängden kemikalier på årlig basis som avges från nya kläder som tvättas de två första gångerna att vara betydande.Även om en del av de föreningar som avges från kläderna kommer att brytas ner under behandlingen av avloppsvattnet i avloppsreningsverken så kommer många av dem att hamna i det utgående vattnet eller i slammet. Dessa kommer hamna i recipienten eller där slam används för att tillföra näringsämnen.Fortsatt arbeteFör att få en ännu bättre bild av hur mycket kemikalier som frigörs från kläder vid tvätt skulle det vara intressant att studera fler klädtyper. Det skulle också vara av intresse att analysera kläderna i sig för att kunna avgöra hur stor andel av det som finns i kläderna som avges vid tvätt, men också vad som finns kvar i kläderna när de så småningom blir textilavfall.Slutligen skulle det vara intressant att genom så kallad "non-target analysis" av både kläder och tvättvatten få veta vilka andra föreningar som förekommer i både kläder och tvättvatten. Rätt använt skulle "non-target anaysis" kunna fånga upp ett brett spektrum av kemikalier och ge en "totalbild" av substansflödet från textilier, via tvättvatten och reningsverk, till olika recipienter.
|
|
| 25. |
- Hellner, Britt Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Systematiskt arbete för äldres säkerhet : om fall, trafikolyckor och bränder
- 2007
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Äldre personer är överrepresenterade i nästan alla olyckor. Förutom stort personligt lidande för individen leder skadorna ofta till omfattande kostnader för samhället. Därför har Räddningsverket och IMS/Socialstyrelsen tilsammans med forskare vid Umeå Universitet, Karlstad Universitet, Krolinska Insitutet, FoU Välfärd Örebro samt Vägverket gemensamt sammaställt denna bok. Syftet är att inspirera och vägleda ett systematiskt arbete i samhället för att öka säkerheten och minska skadorna till följd av olyckor bland äldre. Boken riktar sig till verksamma inom vård och omsorg för äldre, tjänstemän och politiker på olika nivåer i samhället
|
|
| 26. |
- Hendry, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Nature. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 50:11, s. 4085-4105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years.
|
|
| 27. |
- Jalan, Ishita, et al.
(författare)
-
Using solubility parameters to model more environmentally friendly solvent blends for organic solar cell active layers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI. - 1996-1944. ; 12:23, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To facilitate industrial applications, as well as for environmental and health purposes, there is a need to find less hazardous solvents for processing the photoactive layer of organic solar cells. As there are vast amounts of possibilities to combine organic solvents and solutes, it is of high importance to find paths to discriminate among the solution chemistry possibilities on a theoretical basis. Using Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) offers such a path. We report on some examples of solvent blends that have been found by modelling HSP for an electron donor polymer (TQ1) and an electron acceptor polymer (N2200) to match solvent blends of less hazardous solvents than those commonly used. After the theoretical screening procedure, solubility tests were performed to determine the HSP parameters relevant for the TQ1:N2200 pair in the calculated solvent blends. Finally, thin solid films were prepared by spin-coating from the solvent blends that turned out to be good solvents to the donor-acceptor pair. Our results show that the blend film morphology prepared in this way is similar to those obtained from chloroform solutions.
|
|
| 28. |
- Jansson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterisation and fingerprinting of PCBs in flue gas and ash from waste incineration and in technical mixtures
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 85:3, s. 509-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congener patterns of mono- to deca-chlorinated biphenyls (PC(1-10)B) were evaluated in (a) waste incineration flue gases collected in the post-combustion zone of a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor, (b) ashes from two different MSW incineration plants, and (c) published data of eight Aroclor formulations. The congener patterns of the flue gases, ashes, and Aroclor mixtures clearly differed from each other, likely reflecting differences in formation pathways. The flue gas congener patterns were largely dominated by the least chlorinated congeners, whereas the ashes displayed more evenly distributed patterns. The most abundant congeners indicated a preference for 3,3',4,4'-oriented substitution, which may be related to de novo-type formation involving perylene. Principal component analysis confirmed that congener patterns differed among the three matrices and also distinguished flue gases collected at 200°C from those collected at 300°C and 450°C. This distinction could be partly explained by the degree of chlorination, although the substitution status of the ortho-position, and substitution in the 3,3',4,4'-positions also seemed to be influential. Injecting biphenyl into the post-combustion zone of the reactor did not alter the patterns, indicating that availability of the backbone structure is not a limiting factor for PCB formation.
|
|
| 29. |
- Josefsson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Streamwater : Influence of Hydrological Conditions and Landscape Type
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 50:14, s. 7416-7424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in streamwater were measured in a remote catchment in northern Sweden and downstream to the Baltic Sea. Sampling took place at seven sites during two years and under different hydrological conditions: during the snow-free, snow-covered, and spring-flood seasons. Concentrations varied substantially between seasons and were up to 20 times higher during the spring flood compared to the preceding snow-covered period. The increase in concentrations with runoff was due to higher levels of particle-associated contaminants, while the dissolved concentrations remained stable. Particulate-contaminant concentrations were positively correlated primarily to suspended particulate matter (SPM) at sites in areas with a high land-cover fraction of sorted sediment. When upstream sampling locations were compared, a mire-dominated stream had higher concentrations and a lower retention of atmospherically deposited contaminants than a forest stream of the same catchment size. Contaminant concentrations (normalized to volume) did not increase consistently downstream despite the presence of several point sources. However, when normalized to the amount of SPM, concentrations were on average >20 times higher at the outlet in the Baltic Sea compared to the outlet from the remote catchment without point sources.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Knöppel, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic adaptation to growth under laboratory conditions in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental evolution under controlled laboratory conditions is becoming increasingly important to address various evolutionary questions, including, for example, the dynamics and mechanisms of genetic adaptation to different growth and stress conditions. In such experiments, mutations typically appear that increase the fitness under the conditions tested (medium adaptation), but that are not necessarily of interest for the specific research question. Here, we have identified mutations that appeared during serial passage of E. coli and S. enterica in four different and commonly used laboratory media and measured the relative competitive fitness and maximum growth rate of 111 genetically re-constituted strains, carrying different single and multiple mutations. Little overlap was found between the mutations that were selected in the two species and the different media, implying that adaptation occurs via different genetic pathways. Furthermore, we show that commonly occurring adaptive mutations can generate undesired genetic variation in a population and reduce the accuracy of competition experiments. However, by introducing media adaptation mutations with large effects into the parental strain that was used for the evolution experiment, the variation (standard deviation) was decreased 10-fold, and it was possible to measure fitness differences between two competitors as small as |s| < 0.001.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Liljelind, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Method for Multiresidue Determination of Halogenated Aromatics and PAHs in Combustion-Related Samples
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 37:16, s. 3680-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flue gas and fly ash samples have a complex composition. Thus, thorough extraction and selective cleanup prior to analysis are essential. This paper presents an evaluated method for determining halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PXDD), halogenated dibenzofurans (PXDF), chlorinated biphenyls (PCB), chlorobenzenes (CBz), -phenols (CPh), dibenzo-p-dioxins (DD), dibenzofurans (DF), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a single sample. Since these combustion byproducts are ubiquitous, harmful environmental contaminants it is very important to obtain reliable assessments of them: especially specific PCDD/F and PCB congeners with Ah-receptor mediated toxicity. The reported method for this purpose includes techniques such as solid-phase extraction, Soxhlet-Dean-Stark extraction, cleanup using open liquid chromatographic columns, and finally GC/MS analysis/determination with quantification by the isotope dilution technique. The validation results presented here show good reproducibility for PXDD/F and PCB and are satisfactory for CPh, CBz, and PAH. An extraction efficiency test revealed that a nonpolar solvent did not completely extract a few analytes, i.e., diCPh and fluorene, which appear to require a more polar extraction agent. To pinpoint and minimize the loss of analytes, specific studies on reductions of their amounts during sample concentration were performed, showing that traditional rotary evaporation and nitrogen blow-down produce equally good results as a novel technique.
|
|
| 34. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
A desktop study on destruction of persistent organic compounds in combustion systems
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Dr. Lisa Lundin and Dr. Stina Jansson at the Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, has conducted this desktop study. The main aim of this desktop study was to provide a compilation of the current state of knowledge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), hexabromocyclodecane (HBCD), and perfluoroctanesulphonate (PFOS) with regard to their degradation efficiency in advanced solid waste incinerators (ASWI). The objective was also to assess if more support is needed to determinethe degradation efficiency of these compounds in ASWIs.
|
|
| 35. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Digitalizing customer journeys in B2B markets
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the digitalization of business-to-business (B2B) customer journeys, which is recognized as a top research priority, but one that has not yet received substantial academic attention. Due to their complexity, customer journeys are particularly relevant in B2B settings, and this is further emphasized through the increasing use of digital technologies. This paper identifies three key dimensions of B2B customer journeys that are influenced by digitalization. These are the digitalization of touchpoints (i.e., adding digital touchpoints and transforming or facilitating touchpoints), the change of roles in digitalized journeys (i.e., introducing new roles, activating customers, and emphasizing collectivity), and the digitalization of the overall process (i.e., extending, enhancing, and supporting the process). The research is based on an in-depth case study of a B2B firm and four customers. Insights from the research add to the customer journey literature through the exploration of digita-lized B2B customer journeys, providing guidance for academics and practitioners.
|
|
| 36. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of mono- to octa-chlorinated PCDD/F in fly ashes from a municipal solid waste incinerator
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 42:4, s. 1245-1250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have estimated the concentration and distribution of the mono to octa-chlorinated congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in fly ashes at various sampling points in a large-scale municipal solid waste incinerator at Umeå, Sweden, as they cooled from 700 to 170 °C. Differences between the ashes were observed, the PCDD homologue profile was found to vary with temperature. The total amount of PCDD and PCDF increased as the temperature decreased in the postcombustion zone. The increase was due to both adsorption to the fly ash and formation of PCDD and PCDF. Mono- to trichlorinated PCDD predominated at high temperatures, whereas hepta- and octachlorinated PCDD predominated at temperatures below 400 °C. PCDF predominated over PCDD in the whole temperature range. However, the changes in homologue profile for PCDF were minor. The isomer distribution within the homologue groups was not changed as the temperature decreased in the postcombustion zone.
|
|
| 37. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of mono to octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs in fly ash from a municipal solid-waste incinerator.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - 0013-936X. ; 42:4, s. 1245-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have estimated the concentration and distribution of the mono to octa-chlorinated congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in fly ashes at various sampling points in a large-scale municipal solid waste incinerator at Umeå, Sweden, as they cooled from 700 to 170 degrees C. Differences between the ashes were observed, the PCDD homologue profile was found to vary with temperature. The total amount of PCDD and PCDF increased as the temperature decreased in the postcombustion zone. The increase was due to both adsorption to the fly ash and formation of PCDD and PCDF. Mono-to trichlorinated PCDD predominated at high temperatures, whereas hepta- and octachlorinated PCDD predominated at temperatures below 400 degrees C. PCDF predominated over PCDD in the whole temperature range. However,the changes in homologue profile for PCDFwere minor. The isomer distribution within the homologue groups was not changed asthetemperature decreased in the postcombustion zone.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Lundin, Lisa, 1976-
(författare)
-
Formation and degradation of PCDD/F in waste incineration ashes
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The disposal of combustible wastes by incineration is a controversial issue that is strongly debated by both scientists and environmental activists due to the resulting emissions of noxious compounds, including (inter alia) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), heavy metals and acid gases like sulfur dioxide. Currently available air pollution control devices are capable of effectively cleaning flue gases, and PCDD/F emissions to air from modern municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators are low. However, the PCDD and PCDF end up in ash fractions that, in Sweden, are usually deposited in landfills. The European Union has recently set a maximum permitted total concentration of 15 µg TEQ/kg for PCDD/F species in waste. Fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration containing PCDD/Fs at concentrations above this limit will have to be remediated to avoid disposing of them in landfills; an expensive and environmentally unfriendly option. Therefore, effective, reliable and cost-effective methods for degrading PCDD/F in fly ash are required, and a better understanding of the behavior of PCDDs and PCDFs during thermal treatment will be needed to develop them. In the studies this thesis is based upon both the formation and degradation of PCDDs and PCDFs in ashes from MSW incineration were studied. The main findings of the investigations regarding PCCD/F formation were: - The concentrations of PCDD and PCDF in fly ash increased with reductions in the temperature in the post-combustion zone. - The homologue profile in the ash changed when the temperature in the post-combustion zone changed. - The final amounts of PCDD and PCDF present were affected by their rates of both formation and degradation, and the mechanisms involved differ between PCDDs and PCDFs. The main findings from the degradation studies were: - The chemical composition of ash has a major impact on the degradation potential of PCDD and PCDF. - The presence of oxygen during thermal treatment can enhance the degradation of PCDD and PCDF. - Thermal treatment is a viable option for degrading PCDD and PCDF in ashes from MSW. - Shifts in chlorination degree occur during thermal treatment. - Rapid heat transfer into the ash is a key factor for ensuring fast degradation of PCDD and PCDF. - Degradation of other chlorinated organic compounds, e.g. PCB and HCB, also occurs during thermal treatment of ash. - Reductions in levels of PCDD and PCDF were not solely due to their desorption to the gas phase. - Differences between the behavior of 2378-substituted congeners of PCDD and PCDF and the other congeners during thermal treatment were observed. - Differences in isomer patterns of both PCDD and PCDF were observed between the ash and gas phases after thermal treatment at both 300 and 500 oC. Overall, the results show that the formation and degradation mechanisms of PCDDs differ substantially from those of PCDFs. Thus these groups of compounds should be separately considered in attempts to identify ways to reduce their concentrations.
|
|
| 40. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Low temperature thermal degradation of PCDD/Fs in soil using nanosized particles of zerovalent iron and CaO
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 91:6, s. 740-744
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in contaminated soil using low temperature treatment (200-280°C) both alone and in combination with nanosized zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles or CaO. Control soil samples and soil fortified with nZVI particles or CaO were treated at 200 and 250°C in sealed glass ampoules. Treatment of the ampouled samples at 250°C was more effective than treatment at 200°C and the reduction in PCDD/F concentration was greatest when soil was treated at 250°C with nZVI addition (indeed, treatment at 200°C in the absence of nZVI resulted in increases in total PCDD and PCDD/F concentrations). In larger-scale experiments based on the obtained results, using a rotary furnace, the greatest reduction in total PCDD/F concentration was achieved by treating soil at 280°C, and adding nZVI to the soil resulted in almost no detectable PCDD/F in the gas phase.
|
|
| 41. |
- Lundin, Lisa, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduction of PCDD, PCDF and PCB during co-combustion of biomass with waste products from pulp and paper industry
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 91:6, s. 797-801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of waste wood as an energy carrier has increased during the last decade. However, elevated levels of alkali metals and chlorine in waste wood compared to virgin biomass can cause increased deposit formation and higher concentrations of organic pollutants. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ChlorOut technique on concentrations of organic pollutants. Ammonium sulfate was injected into the combustion system to inhibit formation of KCl (which causes deposits) and persistent organic pollutants, namely polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and biphenyls (PCBs). The results showed that concentrations of the toxic congeners of PCDD, PCDF and PCB decreased in the presence of ammonium sulfate.
|
|
| 42. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
The behavior of PCDD and PCDF during thermal treatment of waste incineration ash
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 84:3, s. 305-310
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) content of three fly ash samples with different elemental compositions from different municipal waste incinerators were analyzed before and after thermal treatment at 300°C or 500°C. Gas phase emissions during the treatments were also collected and analyzed. Substantial reductions in the total PCCD/F content of the ashes were observed after treatment at 500°C, seemingly due to degradation rather than dechlorination. Treatment at 300°C resulted in an increase in the PCDD/F content of the three ashes. Initial concentration of PCDD/F in the untreated ashes did not reflect the outcome of the treatment at the different temperatures. In addition, the composition of the ash was found to influence the rate of decomposition and formation of PCDD and PCDF during thermal treatment; the results showed that Cu, Fe, Ca and S play important roles in these processes.
|
|
| 43. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of developing nations' municipal waste composition on PCDD/PCDF emissions from open burning
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 79, s. 433-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open burning tests of municipal waste from two countries, Mexico and China, showed composition-related differences in emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs). Twenty-six burn tests were conducted, comparing results from two laboratory combustion facilities. Waste was shredded to isolate composition-specific effects from those due to random waste orientation. Emissions ranged from 5 to 780 ng toxic equivalent/kg carbon burned (ng TEQ (kg C-b)(-1)) with an average of 140 ng TEQ (kg C-b)(-1) (stdev = 170). The waste from Mexico (17 ng TEQ (kg C-b)(-1)) had a statistically lower average emission factor than waste from China (240 ng TEQ (kg C-b)(-1). This difference was attributed primarily to waste composition differences, although one time-integrated combustion quality measure, Delta CO/Delta CO2, showed statistical significance between laboratories. However, waste composition differences were far more determinant than which laboratory conducted the tests, illustrated using both statistical techniques and comparison of cross-over samples (wastes tested at both facilities). Comparison of emissions from previous waste combustion tests in Sweden and the U.S.A, showed emission factors within the range of those determined for Mexico and China waste. For laboratory-scale combustion, existing emission factors and test methodologies are generally applicable to both developed and developing countries.
|
|
| 44. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of fuel composition and ammonium sulfate addition on PCDD, PCDF, PCN and PCB concentrations during the combustion of biomass and paper production residuals
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 94, s. 20-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of waste wood as an energy carrier has increased during the last decade. However, the higher levels of alkali metals and chlorine in waste wood compared to virgin biomass can promote the formation of deposits and organic pollutants. Here, the effect of fuel composition and the inhibitory effects of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, on the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the flue gas of a lab-scale combustor was investigated. Ammonium sulfate is often used as a corrosion-preventing additive and may also inhibit formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). In addition to PCDDs and PCDFs, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCN) and biphenyls (PCB) were also analyzed. It was found that the flue gas composition changed dramatically when (NH4)2SO4 was added: CO, SO2, and NH3 levels increased, while those of HCl decreased to almost zero. However, the additive's effects on POP formation were less pronounced. When (NH4)2SO4 was added to give an S:Cl ratio of 3, only the PCDF concentration was reduced, indicating that this ratio was not sufficient to achieve a general reduction in POP emissions. Conversely, at an S:Cl ratio of 6, significant reductions in the WHO-TEQ value and the PCDD and PCDF contents of the flue gas were observed. The effect on the PCDF concentration was especially pronounced. PCN formation seemed to be promoted by the elevated CO concentrations caused by adding (NH4)2SO4.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermal degradation of PCDD/F in municipal solid waste ashes in sealed glass ampules
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington : American Chemical Society. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 39:10, s. 3872-3877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to their high concentrations of toxic organic compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), metals, and water-soluble salts, fly ashes are classified as hazardous waste in the European Union and are required to be deposited in controlled landfills. We have shown here that the tetra- to octachlorinated PCDD/F in fly ash can be degraded by thermal treatment. The temperature needed for total degradation of PCDD/F depends on the composition of the fly ash. Its concentrations of unburned carbon and alkaline compounds were found to be important in this respect. Experimental design was used to investigate the effects of varying the temperature, residence time, and atmosphere on the degradation of PCDD/F in three different types of fly ash. The results showed that the three ashes clearly showed different degradation potentials for PCDD/F during thermal treatment. The concentrations of unburned carbon, alkaline species such as CaO and Na2O, and metals such as copper and iron strongly influenced the degradation of PCDD/F. However, the different combinations of pH and amounts of native PCDD/F, unburned carbon, metals (Cu, Fe, Sn and Na), and sulfur in the ashes made it difficult or even impossible to conclude that any single parameter was responsible for the degradation of PCDD/F in these thermal treatment experiments. The decreases observed in all of the experiments are due to dechlorination and/or destruction of PCDD/F: depending on the temperature and ash composition, either of these processes may be the more important.
|
|
| 47. |
- Lundin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermal degradation of PCDD/F, PCB and HCB in municipal solid waste ash.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 67:3, s. 474-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thermal degradation procedure for reducing the concentrations of mono- to octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs, PCBs and hexa-chlorobenzenes (HCB) in filter ash from incinerated municipal solid waste (MSW) is described. Thermal treatment of filter ash samples at 500 °C for 60 min in a closed system providing low oxygen conditions resulted in 97% and 99% reductions in the total and I-TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs, to 6.8 μg kg−1 ash and <0.05 μg I-TEQ kg−1 ash, respectively. Increasing the thermal treatment time to 480 min, at the same temperature, yielded 99% reductions in both total and I-TEQ concentrations of the mono- to octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs. Similar effects were observed for HCB and PCBs. The data from this study indicate that PCDD/Fs and other toxic organic compounds in ash from incinerated MSW, can be effectively degraded by this procedure, which combines relatively low-temperatures, short treatment times, and low oxygen conditions.
|
|
| 48. |
- Mendham, Amy E., et al.
(författare)
-
Sarcopenia in older black South African women and relationships with physical activity and protein intake
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 13th European Nutrition Conference, FENS 2019, 15–18 October 2019, Malnutrition in an Obese World: European Perspectives. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. E150-E150
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: South Africa (SA) is a developing country with an ageing population. Adequate nutrition and physical activity (PA) protect against the loss of muscle mass and physical function, both of which are important components of sarcopenia. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of sarcopenia in older black SA women and investigate its associations with PA and protein intake.Materials and Methods: Older black SA women (age, 68 (range; 60–85 years) n = 122) completed sociodemographic questionnaires, 24 h urine collection (estimate protein intake), venous blood (hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and ferritin), functional tests (grip strength, 3 m timed-up-and-go (TUG), 10 m walk test) and PA monitoring (activPAL). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans assessed fat and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM).Results: According to the European Working group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP)2, 2.5% (n = 3) had confirmed sarcopenia of a low severity based on normal physical function. Of the total cohort, 9% (n = 11) had low grip strength, 22.1% (n = 27) had a low appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), and no women had low TUG (s) or gait speed (m/s). Higher ASMI was associated with lower hs-CRP (p = 0.05; Rho = -0.209) and higher ferritin (Rho = 0.252; p = 0.019), grip strength (kg, Rho = 0.223; p = 0.015), and gait speed (m/s, Rho = 0.180; p = 0.050). Protein intake suggested intake of 41.8g/day/ or 0.51 g/kg of body mass/day. Higher total protein intake (g/24h), was associated with higher FFSTM (kg) and ASMI (p < 0.001). PA outcomes were not correlated with FFSTM or ASMI (p > 0.05), however, there was a strong positive correlation of TUG (s) and gait speed (m/s) with time spent: 1) stepping per day (min) and; 2) at a high cadence (> 100 steps/min) (all p < 0.01). Daily step count was 7137 ± 3233 (mean ± Standard deviation), with 97.9 ± 38.7 min of total time spent stepping and 12.6 ± 16.8 min spent stepping at a high cadence (> 100 steps/min). Of note, 13.9% (n = 17) of women were completing > 10,000 steps/day.Discussion: Based on the EWGSOP2 criteria, there is a low prevalence of sarcopenia in older black SA women, explained by the maintenance of strength and physical function that directly related to PA, especially that performed at higher intensities. In contrast, low muscle mass was relatively prevalent (22.1%) and was associated with low dietary protein and not PA. Notably, it may be important to review the cut-points of EWGSOP2 criteria to be specific to the older SA women from disadvantaged communities.
|
|
| 49. |
- Mendham, Amy E., et al.
(författare)
-
Sarcopenic Obesity in Africa: A Call for Diagnostic Methods and Appropriate Interventions
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-861X. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This perspective aims to highlight the lack of current knowledge on sarcopenic obesity in Africa and to call for diagnostic methods and appropriate interventions. Sarcopenic obesity has been defined as obesity that occurs in combination with low muscle mass and function, which is typically evident in older adults. However, there has been no clear consensus on population-specific diagnostic criterion, which includes both gold-standard measures that can be used in a more advanced health care system, and surrogate measures that can be used in low-income settings with limited resources and funding. Importantly, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Africa are in an ongoing state of economic and social transition, which has contributed to an increase in the aging population, alongside the added burden of poverty, obesity, and associated co-morbidities. It is anticipated that alongside the increased prevalence of obesity, these countries will further experience an increase in age-related musculoskeletal diseases such as sarcopenia. The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) approach will allow clinicians and researchers to consider developmental trajectories, and the influence of the environment, for targeting high-risk individuals and communities for treatment and/or prevention-based interventions that are implemented throughout all stages of the life course. Once a valid and reliable diagnostic criterion is developed, we can firstly assess the prevalence and burden of sarcopenic obesity in LMICs in Africa, and secondly, develop appropriate and sustainable interventions that target improved dietary and physical activity behaviors throughout the life course.
|
|
| 50. |
- Mendham, Amy E., et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting : a cross-sectional analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High rates of food insecurity, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in ageing South African (SA) women may amplify the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of sarcopenic obesity and its diagnostic components [grip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and body mass index (BMI)] in older SA women from a low-income setting.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited black SA women between the ages of 60–85 years (n = 122) from a low-income community. Testing included a fasting blood sample (markers of cardiometabolic risk, HIV), whole body and regional muscle and fat mass (dual-energy absorptiometry x-ray), anthropometry, blood pressure, functional movement tests, current medication use, demographic and health questionnaires, physical activity (PA; accelerometery), household food insecurity access scale, and a one-week quantified food frequency questionnaire. Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria (grip strength and ASM, adjusted for BMI) were used to classify sarcopenia. Participants with sarcopenia alongside a BMI of > 30.0 kg/m2 were classified as having sarcopenic obesity. Prevalence using other criteria (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the International Working Group for Sarcopenia) were also explored.Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.9%, which comprised of sarcopenia without obesity (3.3%) and sarcopenic obesity (24.6%). Other classification criteria showed that sarcopenia ranged from 0.8–14.7%, including 0.8–9.8% without obesity and 0–4.9% with sarcopenic obesity. Using multivariate-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) those with sarcopenic obesity presented with a descriptive profile of higher C-reactive protein, waist circumference, food security and sedentary time than women without sarcopenic obesity (p = 0.046). A similar profile described women with low BMI-adjusted grip strength (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The majority of women with sarcopenia were also obese (88%). We show a large discrepancy in the diagnostic criteria and the potential for significantly underestimating the prevalence of sarcopenia if BMI is not adjusted for. The main variables common to women with sarcopenic obesity were higher food security, lower PA and chronic inflammation. Our data highlights the importance of addressing obesity within these low-income communities to ensure the prevention of sarcopenic obesity and that quality of life is maintained with ageing.
|
|
