| 1. |
- Edström, Emil, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved Offset Handling in Hand-centered Object Manipulation Extending Ray-casting
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL REALITY AND 3D USER INTERFACES ABSTRACTS AND WORKSHOPS (VRW 2022). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665484022 - 9781665484039 ; , s. 655-656
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As Virtual Reality (VR) is becoming a readily available tool in an increasing number of fields, we see also an increasing number of non-technical users entering virtual environments (VEs). One pose manipulation technique that has the potential to be both fast and intuitive to use, is the Hand-centered Object Manipulation Extending Ray-casting (HOMER), presented first by Bowman and Hodges [1]. In this paper we take a look at how a naive implementation of HO-MER can lead to unintuitive interaction and present mathematics for avoiding this problem, by using a rotational offset of the grab vector instead of a static offset vector. Subsequently we compare the naive and rotation-based versions with respect to task completion time and number of re-grabs, and measure their respective System Usability Scale (SUS) score and Raw NASA Task Load Index (RTLX)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Flint, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating an Immersive Virtual Nanoscience Simulation for Learning: Students' Interaction, Understanding, Attitudes and System Usability
- 2014
-
Ingår i: AERA Online Paper Repository, 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid nanoscientific development in a myriad of applied fields compels educational structures to develop curricular nanoknowledge for a future citizenry capable of contributing skills to a nano-workforce and in acquiring a nano-literacy. This study investigated ten Swedish upper-secondary students' interactions with a virtual reality nanoworld and sought to illuminate: 1) how students link to and support their understanding of prior science knowledge, 2) students' attitudes towards the benefits and risks of nanotechnology, and 3) the usability of the system. Analyzed videotaped and written data elicited cognitive mechanisms underlying interaction with the virtual reality environment for promoting understanding, the influence of the interactive experience on students' attitudes to nanophenomena, and system features that could be applied in real science classrooms.
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| 4. |
- Flint, Jennifer, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Virtual nanoworlds for learning
- 2020
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Ingår i: 21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9780429351631 ; , s. 7-1-7-14
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Forsslund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A User Centered Designed FOSS Implementation of Bone Surgery Simulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 3rd Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, World Haptics 2009. - Piscataway, NJ, USA : IEEE. - 9781424438587 ; , s. 391-392
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different aspects of bone surgery simulation has been a popular topic in haptics research field. This demonstration paper has two major results: a free and open source software (FOSS) implementation of a well known algorithm for tool-bone interaction force estimation, and an evaluation conducted as part of a suggested User-centered design approach for creation of a surgery simulator targeting Oral Surgery in particular.
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| 6. |
- Forsslund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of Perceptualization Applications in Medicine
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are in this position paper presenting the experiences we have from three medical application projects. A user centered design methodology have been applied in order to ground the design in requirements gathered from field studies of professional medical environments. Methods used have been interviews, user observations in the work context and cooperative evaluations of prototypes. With a particular focus on haptic (touch) feedback, we are exploring how novel medical applications can benefit from feedback to more senses than vision and how needs can berevealed and transformed into effective design.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Höst, Gunnar E., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Case-Based Study of Students' Visuohaptic Experiences of Electric Fields around Molecules : Shaping the Development of Virtual Nanoscience Learning Environments
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Education Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-4002 .- 2090-4010. ; 2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent educational research has suggested that immersive multisensory virtual environments offer learners unique and exciting knowledge-building opportunities for the construction of scientific knowledge. This paper delivers a case-based study of students’ immersive interaction with electric fields around molecules in a multisensory visuohaptic virtual environment. The virtual architecture presented here also has conceptual connections to the flourishing quest in contemporary literature for the pressing need to communicate nanoscientific ideas to learners. Five upper secondary school students’ prior conceptual understanding of electric fields and their application of this knowledge to molecular contexts, were probed prior to exposure to the virtual model. Subsequently, four students interacted with the visuohaptic model while performing think-aloud tasks. An inductive and heuristic treatment of videotaped verbal and behavioural data revealed distinct interrelationships between students’ interactive strategies implemented when executing tasks in the virtual system and the nature of their conceptual knowledge deployed. The obtained qualitative case study evidence could serve as an empirical basis for informing the rendering and communication of overarching nanoscale ideas. At the time of composing this paper for publication in the current journal, the research findings of this study have been put into motion in informing a broader project goal of developing educational virtual environments for depicting nanophenomena.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Höst, Gunnar E., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Students' Use of Three Different Visual Representations To Interpret Whether Molecules Are Polar or Nonpolar
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Education. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9584 .- 1938-1328. ; 89:12, s. 1499-1505
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualizing molecular properties is often crucial for constructing conceptual understanding in chemistry. However, research has revealed numerous challenges surrounding students' meaningful interpretation of the relationship between the geometry and electrostatic properties of molecules. This study explored students' (n = 18) use of three visual representations of electrostatic potential to interpret whether molecules are polar or nonpolar. The representations consisted of red and blue 'lobes' (termed RB) indicating regions of negative and positive potential, a color gradient mapping electrostatic potential on a molecular surface (MAP), and a rendering of the interface between regions of positive and negative potential (ISO). Data on students' accuracy, time-on-task, and evaluation related to the three visual modes were collected via a Web-based questionnaire. ANOVA indicated that students were significantly more accurate in interpreting ISO representations, although almost half evaluated this mode as the most difficult to use. Furthermore, students took significantly longer to interpret complex molecules than simple molecules using ISO and RB. The results indicate that there may be possible pedagogical benefits in using unconventional visual representations that reduce visual complexity by making molecular relationships explicit. Hence, this has implications for future work on the role of cognitively mapping between different instructional visualizations in the development of fundamental chemical concepts.
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| 11. |
- Höst, Gunnar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Nano for the Public: An Exploranation Perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. - 0272-1716 .- 1558-1756. ; 40:2, s. 32-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public understanding of contemporary scientific issues is critical for the future of society. Public spaces, such as science centers, can impact the communication of science by providing active knowledge-building experiences of scientific phenomena. In contributing to this vision, we have previously developed an interactive visualization as part of a public exhibition about nano. We reflect on how the immersive design and features of the exhibit contribute as a tool for science communication in light of the emerging paradigm of exploranation, and offer some forward-looking perspectives about what this notion has to offer the domain.
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| 12. |
- Johansson Westberg, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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UTM City-Visualization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 0272-1716 .- 1558-1756. ; 42:5, s. 84-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present a digital platform for unmanned traffic management, UTM City, for research on visualization, simulation, and management of autonomous urban vehicle traffic. Such vehicles orient themselves automatically and provide services ranging from transport to remote presence and surveillance, and new regulations and standards for authorization and monitoring are currently being developed to accommodate for such services. Our system has been developed in close collaboration with domain experts that have contributed with scenarios and participated in numerous workshops to explore the use of visualization in airborne drone traffic monitoring, management, and development of the air space. We share here our experiences with this system and explore the need for visualization in future scenarios to ensure safe, free, and efficient air spaces.
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| 13. |
- Kocak, Umut, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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An Error Analysis Model for Adaptive Deformation Simulation
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the widespread use of deformation simulations in medical applications, the realism of the force feedback has become an important issue. In order to reach real-time performance with sufficient realism the approach of adaptivity, solution of different parts of the system with different resolutions and refresh rates, has been commonly deployed. The change in accuracy resulting from the use of adaptivity, however, has been been paid scant attention in the deformation simulation field. Presentation of error metrics is rare, while more focus is given to the real-time stability. We propose an abstract pipeline to perform error analysis for different types of deformation techniques which can consider different simulation parameters. A case study is also performed using the pipeline, and the various uses of the error estimation are discussed.
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| 14. |
- Kocak, Umut, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the JND of Stiness in Three Modesof Comparison
- 2011
-
Ingår i: HAID'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptic and audio interaction design. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642229497 - 9783642229503 ; , s. 22-31
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding and explaining perception of touch is a non-trivial task. Even seemingly trivial differences in exploration may potentially have a significant impact on perception and levels of discrimination. In this study, we explore different aspects of contact related to stiffness perception and their effects on the just noticeable difference (JND) of stiffness are surveyed. An experiment has been performed on non-deformable, compliant objects in a virtual environment with three different types of contact: Discontinuous pressure, continuous pressure and continuous lateral motion. The result shows a significantly better discrimination performance in the case of continuous pressure (a special case of nonlinearity), which can be explained by the concept of haptic memory. Moreover, it is found that the perception is worse for the changes that occur along the lateral axis than the normal axis.
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| 15. |
- Kocak, Umut, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Anisotropic Virtual Coupling with Energy-Based Deflection for Palpating Inhomogeneous Compliant Objects
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE World Haptics Conference. - : IEEE. - 9781479900879 ; , s. 115-120
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual coupling, a spring-damper system between the haptic probe and its virtual representation, the proxy, is one of the most common approaches for haptic rendering. We have extended the virtual coupling by updating the spring stiffness, sometimes used to simulate compliance of a material, depending on the direction between the proxy and the probe. This anisotropic variation of the stiffness is used in exploring inhomogeneities beneath the surface allowing detection of rigid structures even when they are obscured by another structure beneath the surface. In addition, we also compensate for the energy variation of the spring to maintain passivity and increase realism. User studies were performed to survey the success rate in the detection of obscured rigid bodies beneath the surface with the modified virtual coupling algorithm and the improvement of shape perception for sub-surface objects with the additional energy compensation term providing gradient information. We also discuss potential benefits of the proposed methods as basic extensions to well-known haptic rendering algorithms which are both simpler and yield improved performance over traditional deformation simulationtechniques.
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| 16. |
- Kocak, Umut
(författare)
-
Haptic Interaction with Deformable Objects
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The integration of haptics into virtual environments has triggered a new era by allowing interaction with virtual objects through force feedback in a number of fields. Medicine has been the field with highest potential benefit through improved realism and immersion. Not only have virtual environments become superior to traditional medical training methods due to cost-efficiency, repeatability, and objective assessment but the idea of surgery rehearsal by using patient specific data has been raised as well.Achieving sufficient realism in haptics has been a significant challenge due to performance requirements. In order to provide a stable and smooth feedback to the user, the update rates of force feedback need to be in the range of 1~kHz, which restricts the solution time for real-time interactive applications. Realism, on the other hand, demands advanced algorithms capable of simulating physical properties. These advanced algorithms have a high computational burden, taking significant amounts of time and their real-time use, therefore, mostly requires simplification of the virtual scene affecting realism.During palpation, information is transferred to the hand from the local neighbourhood of contact. In deformation simulations, it is therefore common to use a multiresolution scheme, where the local region is modelled with a higher resolution than more distant regions, and at higher update rates. This approach saves computational power, however the less elaborate modelling in the more remote regions affects accuracy. This thesis presents a pipeline to analyse the error introduced by multiresolution techniques. The idea is to estimate how simulation parameters lead to different error magnitudes, as a preprocessing step. This information can subsequently be used for monitoring the error in real-time, or for adjusting simulation parameters to keep the error under a desired limit.There is a trade-off between accuracy/error and computation time required. In an ideal situation, this error should be kept under perceivable levels. Levels of perception is a topic that has been surveyed in psychophysics among other aspects of touch. It has been shown that differences smaller than a ratio of a reference signal, such as force or stiffness, cannot be perceived. Evaluating the exact value of this ratio, however, is nontrivial since there are many secondary factors having a significant impact, such as the multimodal input. This thesis presents the analysis of some factors affecting the sense of touch that were shown to have such impact. Effects of exploratory procedures on stiffness perception were examined through user studies, followed by another study indicating the significant effects of stiffness gradient.Medical data, such as MR and CT, has much higher resolution than is practically used for deformable meshes. It has been common practice to model deformation behaviour by a mesh with lower resolution than is used for visual representation. Lastly, this thesis presents an approach to introduce high-resolution information. The proposed algorithm allows for the detection of inhomogeneous structures beneath a surface. This can be applied in situations similar to the diagnosis of tumours by palpation. The approach is independent of mesh structure and resolution, and can be integrated into any proxybased haptic rendering algorithm. This makes the algorithm a complementary choice for deformation simulation.
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| 17. |
- Kocak, Umut, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
High Resolution Enhancement in Deformation via Anisotropic Virtual Coupling
- 2013
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Achieving sufficient realism in deformation simulations requires consideration of complex physical properties. The computational burden of modelling these properties requires the use of low resolution meshes to attain real time interactive performance. Medical data such as MR and CT, on the other hand, have much higher resolutions than can be practically used in deformation simulations. This results in significant amount of information loss, degenerating the ability to perceive variations in the data, especially inhomogeneities. In this paper, we address this issue by employing surfacerendering algorithms which can provide high resolution information from beneath the surface. An experiment was performed in a scenario simulating inhomogeneities of bone structure under the skin. Results have shown significant improvement for detecting inhomogeneities within deformable data while palpating the surface.
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| 18. |
- Lundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital assistans för multiple remote tower : "proof-of-concept" (DITA RTS)
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 438-438
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalisering och ”Remote Tower Services” öppnar upp för ett operativt koncept där en individ hanterar mer än en flygplats samtidigt. Samtidiga rörelser på flera flygplatser blir en utmaning för flygledaren i termer av uppmärksamhet (säkerhet) och att ge direktiv (effektivitet) till flygplan och markfordon. Liknande utmaningar finns i andra närliggande trafikledningssituationer och domäner.I ett system med digital assistans arbetar människan tillsammans med AI och automation (Human-in-the-loop AI). Kärnan i konceptet Digital Assistent är att operatören kan delegera arbete till DITA, med en hög grad av transparens och förutsägbarhet, inklusive standardprocedurer för vanliga avvikelser. Två användningsfall för DITA som efterfrågas operativt i tornmiljö är 1) stöd för övervakning och ledning av flygplan till/från flygplatser 2) stöd för övervakning av och evakuering av landningsbanan avseende markfordon. Vi har även sett behov av 3) stöd vid omvärldsförändring, för stärkt beredskap, där snabb justering av DITA till nya förutsättningar och behov blir nödvändigt. En teknisk ansats 4) där beslut och agerande är transparent (spårbart) är också central. DITA RTS inkluderar även 5) studier av applicerbarhet av koncepten för digital assistans i andra domäner (särskilt sjöfart), och mellan flygtrafikdomäner (särskilt drönartrafik). Punkterna 2-5 ovan är nya i DITA RTS projektet, och punkt 1 förfinas med koncept för att utforma DITA procedurer, inklusive fler avvikelseprocedurer. I projektet DITA RTS avser vi att ta fram ett (potentiellt) generellt koncept, men som endast testas på djupet genom simulatortester med flygtrafikledare i en operativ miljö, torntrafikledning. Potentialen för generalisering undersöks också: Operativt genom workshops där företrädare för andra typer av trafikledning bjuds in; tekniskt genom tester med realtidsdata, av vår ansats där spårbarhet av agerande och beslut är inbyggt. Undersökningen sker på relativt låg TRL (4), med fokus på generaliserbara tekniska koncept för spårbarhet i mänskligt arbete och DITAs arbete, och generaliserbara operativa koncept för effektiv och säker hantering av trafik med delegering av trafik till DITA.
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| 19. |
- Lundberg, Jonas, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Human Autonomy in Future Drone Traffic : Joint Human-AI Control in Temporal Cognitive Work
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-8212. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The roles of human operators are changing due to increased intelligence and autonomy of computer systems. Humans will interact with systems at a more overarching level or only in specific situations. This involves learning new practices and changing habitual ways of thinking and acting, including reconsidering human autonomy in relation to autonomous systems. This paper describes a design case of a future autonomous management system for drone traffic in cities in a key scenario we call The Computer in Brussels. Our approach to designing for human collaboration with autonomous systems builds on scenario-based design and cognitive work analysis facilitated by computer simulations. We use a temporal method, called the Joint Control Framework to describe human and automated work in an abstraction hierarchy labeled Levels of Autonomy in Cognitive Control. We use the Score notation to analyze patterns of temporal developments that span levels of the abstraction hierarchy and discuss implications for human-automation communication in traffic management. We discuss how autonomy at a lower level can prevent autonomy on higher levels, and vice versa. We also discuss the temporal nature of autonomy in minute-to-minute operative work. Our conclusion is that human autonomy in relation to autonomous systems is based on fundamental trade-offs between technological opportunities to automate and values of what human actors find meaningful.
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| 20. |
- Lundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Air Traffic Management (UTM) Implementation In Cities - Sampled Side-Effects
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE/AIAA 37TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC). - : IEEE. - 9781538641125 ; , s. 400-406
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drone-based services in cities will most likely result in high traffic densities (especially during peak hours). Basic unmanned/urban (air) traffic management (UTM) tools and interventions to cope with traffic issues are now well-known (e.g. geofences, layers). There can however be interdependencies between issues and solutions when combined. This paper presents sampled side-effects of using basic unmanned traffic management interventions in an airspace with autonomous point-to-point drone traffic. The samples are based on an interactive simulation and consists of statistics and synthetic images of the simulated situations. We have for instance sampled traffic proximate to a geofenced airport, and traffic from/to proximate logistics hubs. Consequences for UTM development in cities, for the European development of U-space U3 and U4, are discussed.
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| 21. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-
(författare)
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Adding Tangential Forces in Lateral Exploration of Stiffness Maps
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Haptic and Audio Interaction Design. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642229497 - 9783642229503 ; , s. 1-10
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We believe that the lateral exploration of surfaces with varying stiffness, stiffness maps, using computer generated haptics is an underestimated and important procedure with impact in many application areas. Feeling the change of stiffness while sweeping the haptic probe over a surface can potentially give an understanding of the spatial distribution of this stiffness, however current algorithms lack tangential cues of stiffness changes. This introduces energy sources and sinks that potentially affects the stability of the system, apart from being physically incorrect and thus unrealistic. We discuss the forces and effects involved in the exploration of stiffness maps and propose an energy-based algorithm for tangential forces that augments the feedback from the map, in particular during lateral exploration. The algorithm is based on basic physical principles and has the potential to increase both realism and stability. A user study was conducted to analyze the effect of this algorithm on stiffness perception.
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| 22. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
An Analysis of the Influence of a Pseudo-haptic Cue on the Haptic Perception of Weight
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Haptics: Neuroscience, Devices, Modeling, and Applications. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 117-125
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haptics provides powerful cues about forces but cannot easily be integrated in all relevant applications, such as education. Pseudo-haptic cues, visual information that simulate haptic sensations, have been raised as an alternative. It is, however, largely unknown how (or even if) pseudo-haptic cues are perceived by the haptic sensory modality. In this paper we present an approach that applies theories on multimodal integration to testing if a pseudo-haptic cue is triggering haptic perception. This approach is subsequently applied in designing an experiment that tests a pseudo-haptic cue based on a visual force-causes-displacement metaphor, similar to a rubber band.
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| 23. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
-
An Interactive and Multi-sensory Learning Environment for Nano Education
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Haptic and Audio Interaction Design. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642327957 - 9783642327964 ; , s. 81-90
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, HAID 2012, held in Lund, Sweden, in August 2012. The 15 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on haptics and audio in navigation, supporting experiences and activities, object and interface, test and evaluation.
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| 24. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-
(författare)
-
Combining Vibrotactile and Kinaesthetic Cues in Haptic Volume Visualization
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE World Haptics Conference. - : IEEE. - 9781457702976 - 9781457702990 ; , s. 511-515
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haptics has in earlier work shown the potential to assist in the understanding of an otherwise overwhelming amount of information in scientific and medical visualization. In the typical scientific data, with many different properties such as pressure, temperature, strain, etc, the user is required to switch between what data to represent through the haptic feedback. In this paper we explore the possibility to simultaneously represent, in a comprehensive way, more than one property through the haptic feedback by dividing the feedback into the two components of the haptic sense. Two vibrotactile metaphors for scalar data are described, roughness and transition cue, that can be used in combination with a kinaesthetic representation of either scalar or vector data. The paper also presents an evaluation that shows that the individual cues from the two haptic metaphors can be discriminated, and that the combined feedback can be used to find combinations of features in data.
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| 25. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Tower Assistant Functionality and Design : Planning, Analysis and Operative Interfaces based on Workshops with ATCOs
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi Remote Tower Operations (MRTO), where one ATCO has the responsibility of two airports simultaneously, have become an important means to reduce the cost for air traffic control at small regional airports in Sweden without sacrificing safety or service levels. A challenge in MRTO is to keep normal movements operational on an airport while there is busy traffic on the second airport handled by the same ATCO. Earlier work has described the potential of using a digital tower assistant (DiTA), an automation that handles the communication and monitoring of e.g. a single, simple approach and landing on an airport with an otherwise empty sky, while the ATCO needs to focus their attention on the other airport. In this paper we let two interaction designers analyse the interview material from a recent study with five experienced ATCOs, each performing two scenarios using DiTA, and present the conclusions made from an interaction design perspective.
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| 26. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-
(författare)
-
Direct Volume Haptics for Visualization
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Visualization is the process of making something perceptible to the mind or imagination. The techniques for producing visual imagery of volumetric data have advanced immensely during the last decades to a point where each produced image can include an overwhelming amount of information. An increasingly viable solution to the limitations of the human sense of visual perception is to make use of not only vision, but also additional senses.This thesis presents recent work on the development of principles and algorithms for generating representations of volumetric data through the sense of touch for the purpose of visualization. The primary idea introduced in this work is the concept of yielding constraints, that can be used to provide a continuous set of shapes as a representation of features of interest in various types of volumetric data. Some of the earlier identified standard human exploratory procedures can then be used which enables natural, intuitive and effective interaction with the data. The yielding constraints concept is introduced, and an algorithm based on haptic primitives is described, which forms a powerful yet versatile implementation of the yielding constraints. These methods are also extended to handle time-varying, moving and low quality data. A framework for multimodal visualization has been built on the presented methods, and this is used to demonstrate the applicability and versatility of the work through several example applications taken from different areas.
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| 27. |
- Lundin (Palmerius), Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Enabling design and interactive selection of haptic modes
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Virtual Reality. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4338 .- 1434-9957.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ever increasing size and complexity of volumetric data in a wide range of disciplines makes it useful to augment volume visualization tools with alternative modalities. Studies have shown that introducing haptics can significantly increase both exploration speed and precision. It is also capable of conveying material properties of data and thus has great potential to improve user performance in volume data exploration. In this paper we describe how recent advances in volume haptics can be used to build haptic modes-building blocks for haptic schemes. These modes have been used as base components of a toolkit allowing for more efficient development of haptic prototypes and applications. This toolkit allows interactive construction, configuration and fine-tuning of both visual and haptic representations of the data. The technology is also used in a pilot study to determine the most important issues and aspects in haptic volume data interaction and exploration, and how the use of haptic modes can facilitate the implementation of effective haptic schemes.
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| 28. |
- Lundin (Palmerius), Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
-
Enabling Haptic Interaction with Volumetric MRI Data Through Knowledge-based Tissue Separation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Volume Graphics. ; , s. 75-78
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct volume haptics can provide both guidance and extra information during exploration of volumetric data. In this paper we present a novel approach to volume haptics enabling haptic exploration of tissue shape, borders and material properties in data despite low contrast and low signal to noise ratio, as is common in medical MRI data or low dose CT data. The method uses filtering based on implicit knowledge and addresses the problem of overlapping scalar ranges through the introduction of fuzzy classification and corresponding transfer functions for material properties as well as classification-based distance masking for haptic force direction.
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| 29. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan
(författare)
-
Fast and High Precision Volume Haptics
- 2007
-
Ingår i: EuroHaptics Conference, 2007 and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. World Haptics 2007. Second Joint. - Los Alamitos, CA, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769527388 ; , s. 501-506
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volume haptics has shown itself an effective way of enhancing precision and speed in interaction with medical or scientific visualization. This paper presents a mixed solver approach for the primitive-based volume haptics problem, to provide the best performance for every volume haptics application. For situations where the constraints are orthogonal we present a fast and high precision analytical solver. For complex configurations requiring support for non-orthogonal constraints we allow for fall-back on a numerical solver. The results show significantly improved performance with the analytical solver, allowing for higher stiffness and thus feedback of higher quality, while still allowing for transparent support for non-orthogonal constraints.
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| 30. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Field Visualization Using Vector Field Perpendicular Surfaces
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Spring Conference on Computer Graphics. - Bratislava : Comenius University. - 9781450307697 ; , s. 27-34
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces Vector Field Perpendicular Surfaces as a means to represent vector data with special focus on variations across the vectors in the field. These surfaces are a perpendicular analogue to streamlines, with the vector data always being parallel to the normals of the surface. In this way the orientation of the data is conveyed to the viewer, while providing a continuous representation across the vectors of the field. This paper describes the properties of such surfaces including an issue with helicity density in the vector data, an approach to generating them, several stop conditions and special means to handle also fields with non-zero helicity density.
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| 31. |
- Lundin (Palmerius), Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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General Proxy-based Haptics for Volume Visualization
- 2005
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Ingår i: Eurohaptics Conference, 2005 and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2005.. ; , s. 557-560
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a general, proxy-based approach to volume haptics founded upon the notion of 'haptic primitives'. Haptic modes each representing a different aspect of volumetric data, are created by defining sets of haptic primitives which reflect the local properties of the data. The proxy position for every time-frame in the haptic loop is found by balancing the force feedback in the haptic instrument with the force from the haptic primitives involved. The presented general framework allows for rapid development of haptic feedback modes for volumetric data. The approach also allows, in contrast to previous work on proxy-based volume haptics, combination of non-orthogonal constraints and thus allows free combination of various modes in haptic exploration of multivariate data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through the implementation of five different haptic modes.
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| 32. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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Haptic Rendering of Dynamic Volumetric Data
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. - 1077-2626 .- 1941-0506. ; 14:2, s. 263-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With current methods for volume haptics in scientific visualization, features in time-varying data can freely move straight through the haptic probe without generating any haptic feedback-the algorithms are simply not designed to handle variation with time but consider only the instantaneous configuration when the haptic feedback is calculated. This article introduces haptic rendering of dynamic volumetric data to provide a means for haptic exploration of dynamic behavior in volumetric data. We show how haptic feedback can be produced that is consistent with volumetric data moving within the virtual environment and with data that, in itself, evolves over time. Haptic interaction with time-varying data is demonstrated by allowing palpation of a computerized tomography sequence of a beating human heart.
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| 33. |
- Lundin (Palmerius), Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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Haptic Visualization of Computational Fluid Dynamics Data Using Reactive Forces
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis, San Jose, USA. - : SPIE. ; , s. 95-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Datasets from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be post-processed and visualized to aid understanding of the flow phenomena present. Visualization of CFD data, however, often suffers from problems such as occlusion and cluttering when methods such as glyphing and volume rendering are applied. In this paper we present a case study where new modes for haptic interaction are used to enhance the exploration of CFD data. A VR environment with interactive graphics and an integrated graphical user interface has been implemented. In contrast to previous work on haptic interaction with CFD data we employ a 'reactive' haptic scheme as opposed to direct force maping. The reactive approach not only generates more stable feedback but also provides clearer and more intuitive cues about the underlying data. Two haptic modes are used to enhance the understanding of different features in the flow data: One presents the orientation of the data and also guides the user to follow the stream as it flows around the aircraft fuselage. The other provides a haptic representation of vortex data. This mode enables the user to perceive and so follow tendencies of vorticity and vortices.
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| 34. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Higher precision in volume haptics through subdivision of proxy movements
- 2008. - 1
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Ingår i: Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 3540690565 - 9783540690566 - 9783540690573 ; , s. 694-699
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volume haptics has become an increasingly popular way of adding guidance and improving information bandwidth in scientific visualization. State-of-the-art methods, however, use linear equations, which allows for a precision that can be insufficient in some circumstances. This paper describes how step-length subdivision can be used to improve precision even though these methods do not use integration steps in its usual meaning.
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| 35. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction Design for Selection and Manipulation on Immersive Touch Table Display Systems for 3D Geographic Visualization
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 26TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL REALITY AND 3D USER INTERFACES (VR). - : IEEE. - 9781728113777 ; , s. 1064-1065
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geographic visualizations are, due to the limited need for vertical navigation, suitable for touch tables. In this poster we consider the design of interaction design for selection and manipulation through touch on the screen used for the display of 3D geographic visualization---in our case the visualization of and interaction with drone traffic over rural and urban areas---focusing on moving from a monoscopic to a more immersive, stereoscopic touch table, and how this move affects the interaction design. With a monoscopic display our stereoscopic vision uses the graphics to perceive the location of the surface, and touch interaction can naturally and intuitively be performed on top of 3D objects. Moving to stereocopic display, for increased sense of immersion, the graphics no longer provide visual cues about the location of the screen. We argue that this motivates modification of the design principles, with an alternative interaction design as a result.
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| 36. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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Proxy-based Haptic Feedback from Volumetric Density Data
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Eurohaptics Conference. ; , s. 104-109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a new approach to volume haptics is presented. The developed method makes use of a proxy that is constrained by ‘virtual surfaces’, defined by the local gradient at the proxy position, and not by iso-values as in other approaches to volume haptics. By using a proxy, material properties like friction, stiffness and surface penetrability can be implemented. These material properties are controlled by user defined transfer functions. At the same time, using the gradient to define surfaces, rendering of infinitesimally close virtual surfaces that can be penetrated, is made possible. The algorithm exhibits very high stability, is fast and represents fine details accurately. Compared to earlier techniques, less artifacts occur and higher configurability is provided.
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| 37. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of feedback design in haptic volume visualization
- 2009
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Ingår i: Third Joint EuroHaptics conference, 2009 and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems. World Haptics 2009.. - Piscataway, New Jersey, USA : IEEE. - 9781424438587 ; , s. 154-159
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancing volume visualization with additional cues from our sense of touch has shown the potential to increase both speed and accuracy in the data exploration. Research in the area display a wide array of modes of interaction and many of these have been evaluated to demonstrate their capabilities. There are, however, few studies performed that compare different approaches for their strengths and weaknesses and there is a lack of guidelines on how the haptic feedback should be designed to allow for best performance. This paper describes a study on the influence of the basic principle chosen for data representation on the ability to identify faint structures in the data. Three metaphors are compaired, two types of shape metaphors and one force metaphor. Based on statistical analysis on evaluation data, interviews and observations a set of guidelines on the design of haptic visualization is described.
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| 38. |
- Lundin (Palmerius), Karljohan, et al.
(författare)
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The Orthogonal Constraints Problem with the Constraint Approach to Proxy-based Volume Haptics and a Solution
- 2005
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Ingår i: SIGRAD 2005, Lund, Sweden. ; , s. 45-49
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently the constraint approach to proxy-based volume haptics was introduced which provided a stable and effective means of conveying information about volumetric data through a haptic instrument. In this paper we present a proof that the approach is incapable of handling nonorthogonal constraints and discuss the implications of this restriction in detail. We also describe how full utilization of haptics applications in which multiple properties are used to enhance the understanding of complex data requires the use of non-orthogonal constraints. We then show how proxybased volume haptics can be modified to allow for general constraints through the introduction of haptic primitives used to model the constraints. By balancing the forces exerted by the primitives on the proxy continuously, nonorthogonal constraints can be handled.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of Heat Transfer Using Projector-Based Spatial Augmented Reality
- 2016
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Ingår i: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319406206 - 9783319406213 ; , s. 407-417
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal imaging cameras, commonly used in application areas such as building inspection and night vision, have recently also been introduced as pedagogical tools for helping students visualize, interrogate and interpret notoriously challenging thermal concepts. In this paper we present a system for Spatial Augmented Reality that automatically projects thermal data onto objects. Instead of having a learner physically direct a hand-held camera toward an object of interest, and then view the display screen, a group of participants can gather around the display system and directly see and manipulate the thermal profile projected onto physical objects. The system combines a thermal camera that captures the thermal data, a depth camera that realigns the data with the objects, and a projector that projects the data back. We also apply a colour scale tailored for room temperature experiments.
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| 41. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing and Exploring Heat in a Science Center
- 2022
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Ingår i: Thermal Cameras in Science Education. - Cham, Schweiz : Springer. - 9783030852870 - 9783030852900 - 9783030852887 ; , s. 187-203
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research shows that infrared cameras can help students visualize and interpret notoriously challenging thermal concepts. This chapter describes the application of thermal visualization in a public setting. Specifically, we present the design and implementation of an augmented reality system for the real-time projection of thermal imagery onto objects. Examples of hands-on activities for visualizing thermal processes with the system include conduction and insulation, rubber band thermodynamics, friction, impact heating, enthalpy of chemical reactions, radiation wavelength, mixing liquids, and heat of evaporation. We discuss how the interactive activities might provide pedagogical opportunities for accessing and engaging with thermal phenomena in a science center context. Practical considerations of the system for public exhibition spaces are also given attention.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Samini, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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A perspective geometry approach to user-perspective rendering in hand-held video see-through augmented reality
- 2014
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Ingår i: VRST '14 Proceedings of the 20th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. - New York, NY, USA : SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. - 9781450332538 ; , s. 207-208
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Video see-through Augmented Reality (V-AR) displays a video feed overlaid with information, co-registered with the displayed objects. In this paper we consider the type of V-AR that is based on a hand-held device with a fixed camera. In most of the VA-R applications the view displayed on the screen is completely determined by the orientation of the camera, i.e., the device-perspective rendering; the screen displays what the camera sees. The alternative method is to use the relative pose of the user's view and the camera, i.e., the user-perspective rendering. In this paper we present an approach to the user perspective V-AR using 3D projective geometry. The view is adjusted to the user's perspective and rendered on the screen, making it an augmented window. We created and tested a running prototype based on our method.
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| 45. |
- Samini, Ali, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A Review of Current, Complete Augmented Reality Solutions
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 International Conference On Cyberworlds (Cw 2021). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 49-56
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extended reality market has rapidly grown with a wide range of products for not only Virtual Reality applications, but also for advanced and multiple forms of Augmented Reality. In this paper we review the currently available complete solutions for Augmented Reality, divided into the primary display techniques used: Video See-through, using cameras to capture the real world subsequently presented with virtual overlays on a handheld or headworn display, Optical See-through, using semi-transparent display to allow real world view together with the virtual augmentations, and Projection-based AR or Spatial AR, the use of projectors to display augmentations directly on top of surfaces in the room. First potential products were found using popular Internet search engines, after which products that are not complete solutions or not commercially available were filtered out. We present the different products together with a description of their presented or studied characteristics, and of their accompanying software solutions.
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| 46. |
- Samini, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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A study on improving close and distant device movement pose manipulation for hand-held augmented reality
- 2016
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Ingår i: VRST '16 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781450344913 ; , s. 121-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hand-held smart devices are equipped with powerful processing units, high resolution screens and cameras, that in combination makes them suitable for video see-through Augmented Reality. Many Augmented Reality applications require interaction, such as selection and 3D pose manipulation. One way to perform intuitive, high precision 3D pose manipulation is by direct or indirect mapping of device movement.There are two approaches to device movement interaction; one fixes the virtual object to the device, which therefore becomes the pivot point for the object, thus makes it difficult to rotate without translate. The second approach avoids latter issue by considering rotation and translation separately, relative to the object's center point. The result of this is that the object instead moves out of view for yaw and pitch rotations.In this paper we study these two techniques and compare them with a modification where user perspective rendering is used to solve the rotation issues. The study showed that the modification improves speed as well as both perceived control and intuitiveness among the subjects.
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| 47. |
- Samini, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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A User Study on Touch Interaction for User-Perspective Rendering in Hand-Held Video See-Through Augmented Reality
- 2016
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Ingår i: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319406510 - 9783319406503 ; , s. 304-317
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a user study on touch interaction with hand-held Video See-through Augmented Reality (V-AR). In particular, the commonly used Device Perspective Rendering (DPR) is compared with User Perspective Rendering (UPR) with respect to both performance and user experience and preferences. We present two user study tests designed to mimic the tasks that are used in various AR applications.Looking for an object and selecting when it’s found, is one of the most used tasks in AR software. Our first test focuses on comparing UPR and DPR in a simple find and selection task. Manipulating the pose of a virtual object is another commonly used task in AR. The second test focuses on multi-touch interaction for 6 DoF object pose manipulation through UPR and DPR.
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| 48. |
- Samini, Ali, 1979-
(författare)
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Perspective Correct Hand-held Augmented Reality for Improved Graphics and Interaction
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With Augmented Reality, also termed AR, a view of the real world is augmented by superimposing computer-generated graphics, thereby enriching or enhancing the perception of the reality. Today, lots of applications benefit from AR in different areas, such as education, medicine, navigation, construction, gaming, and multiple other areas, using primarily head-mounted AR displays and AR on hand-held smart devices. Tablets and phones are highly suitable for AR, as they are equipped with high resolution screens, good cameras and powerful processing units, while being readily available to both industry and home use. They are used with video see-through AR, were the live view of the world is captured by a camera in real time and subsequently presented together with the computer graphics on the display.In this thesis I put forth our recent work on improving video see-through Augmented Reality graphics and interaction for hand-held devices by applying and utilizing user perspective. On the rendering side, we introduce a geometry-based user perspective rending method aiming to align the on screen content with the real view of the world visible around the screen. Furthermore, we introduce a device calibration system to compensate for misalignment between system parts. On the interaction side we introduce two wand-like direct 3D pose manipulation techniques based on this user perspective. We also modified a selection technique and introduced a new one suitable to be used with our introduced manipulation techniques. Finally, I present several formal user studies, evaluating the introduced techniques and comparing them with concurrent state-of-the-art alternatives.
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| 49. |
- Samini, Ali, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Popular Performance Metrics for Evaluation of Interaction in Virtual and Augmented Reality
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW) (2017). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781538620892 - 9781538620908 ; , s. 206-209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Augmented and Virtual Reality applications provide environments in which users can immerse themselves in a fully or partially virtual world and interact with virtual objects or user interfaces. User-based, formal evaluation is needed to objectively compare interaction techniques, and find their value in different use cases, and user performance metrics are the key to being able to compare those techniques in a fair and effective manner. In this paper we explore evaluation principles used for or developed explicitly for virtual environments, and survey quality metrics, based on 15 current, important publications on interaction techniques for virtual environments. We check, categorize and analyze the formal user studies, and establish and present baseline performance metrics used for evaluation on interaction techniques in VR and AR.
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| 50. |
- Samini, Ali, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Wand-Like Interaction with a Hand-Held Tablet Device : A study on Selection and Pose Manipulation Techniques
- 2019
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current hand-held smart devices are supplied with powerful processors, high resolution screens, and sharp cameras that make them suitable for Augmented Reality (AR) applications. Such applications commonly use interaction techniques adapted for touch, such as touch selection and multi-touch pose manipulation, mapping 2D gestures to 3D action. To enable direct 3D interaction for hand-held AR, an alternative is to use the changes of the device pose for 6 degrees-of-freedom interaction. In this article we explore selection and pose manipulation techniques that aim to minimize the amount of touch. For this, we explore and study the characteristics of both non-touch selection and non-touch pose manipulation techniques. We present two studies that, on the one hand, compare selection techniques with the common touch selection and, on the other, investigate the effect of user gaze control on the non-touch pose manipulation techniques.
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