| 1. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the surface integrity after machining by means of non-destructive testing methods
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Engineering and Technologies Vol. 2. - Stockholm. - 9789175018935 ; , s. 283-292
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During metal machining, depending on the cutting conditions, surface and subsurface microstructure alteration are occasionally observed. These alternations are normally referred as “white” and “dark” layers. Due to their different mechanical properties in comparison to the unaffected material, they will have an impact on the finished part. Controlling the quality of the machined parts regarding the surface microstructure alteration by means of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods would be beneficial from production point of view. In this study, the surface integrity of AISI 52100 steel machined at different cutting conditions resulting in white and dark layers with different characteristics were studied. Surface topography, microstructure and residual stresses were examined by using light scattering, optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Whilst surface characterization was emphasized, one NDT method – magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) technique – is not well defined for this purpose. The correlation between all the applied techniques was therefore investigated and a preliminary model was developed for the influence of surface roughness, stress conditions and white and dark layer thicknesses on BN signal.
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| 2. |
- Alvez, Maria Bueno, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously (DIZ101), Subcutaneously (DIZ102), and Intestinally (LCIG) Infused Levodopa in Advanced Parkinson Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:10, s. E965-E976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives Intestinal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion (LCIG) is superior to oral treatment in advanced Parkinson disease. The primary objective of this trial was to investigate whether continuous subcutaneous or intravenous infusion with a continuously buffered acidic levodopa/carbidopa solution yields steady-state plasma concentrations of levodopa that are equivalent in magnitude, and noninferior in variability, to those obtained with LCIG in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Methods A concentrated acidic levodopa/carbidopa (8:1) solution buffered continuously and administered intravenously (DIZ101) or subcutaneously (DIZ102) was compared with an approved LCIG in a randomized, 3-period crossover, open-label, multicenter trial. Formulations were infused for 16 hours to patients with Parkinson disease who were using LCIG as their regular treatment. Patients were recruited from several university neurology clinics but came to the same phase I unit for treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables and safety including dermal tolerance are reported. The primary outcomes were bioequivalence and noninferior variability of DIZ101 and DIZ102 vs LCIG with respect to levodopa plasma concentrations. Results With dosing adjusted to estimated bioavailability, DIZ101 and DIZ102 produced levodopa plasma levels within standard bioequivalence limits compared with LCIG in the 18 participants who received all treatments. Although the levodopa bioavailability for DIZ102 was complete, it was 80% for LCIG. Therapeutic concentrations of levodopa were reached as quickly with subcutaneous administration of DIZ102 as with LCIG and remained stable throughout the infusions. Owing to poor uptake of LCIG, carbidopa levels in plasma were higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with the former. All individuals receiving any of the treatments (n = 20) were included in the evaluation of safety and tolerability. Reactions at the infusion sites were mild and transient. Discussion It is feasible to rapidly achieve high and stable levodopa concentrations by means of continuous buffering of a subcutaneously administered acidic levodopa/carbidopa-containing solution.
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| 4. |
- Isaksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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High-fiber rye diet increases ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients compared with low-fiber wheat diet independent of meal frequency in ileostomy subjects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - Järfälla : Co-Action Publishing. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 57, s. 18519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Whole-grain foods and cereal dietary fiber intake is associated with lower body weight. This may partly result from lower energy utilization of high-fiber diets. Objective: In the present study, the impact on ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients in response to a rye bread high-fiber diet compared to a refined wheat low-fiber diet was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of meal frequency on apparent absorption of nutrients was studied for the first time. Design: Ten participants that had undergone ileostomy consumed standardized iso-caloric diets, including low-fiber wheat bread (20 g dietary fiber per day) for 2 weeks followed by high-fiber rye bread (52 g dietary fiber per day) for 2 weeks. The diets were consumed in an ordinary (three meals per day) and a nibbling (seven meals per day) meal frequency in a cross-over design. Ileal effluents were collected during 24 h at the third day of each of the four dietary periods and analyzed for gross energy and nutrient contents. Results: The results showed that intake of rye bread high-fiber diet compared to the refined wheat low-fiber diet caused an increase in ileal excretion of energy and macronutrients. The effect was independent of meal frequency. This suggests that a high intake of rye may result in lower availability of macronutrients for small intestinal digestion and absorption. A regular intake of rye may therefore have implications for weight management.
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| 5. |
- Junaid, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Epitaxial Growth of GaN (0001)/Al2O3 (0001) by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputter Deposition
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Epitaxial GaN (0001) thin films were grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering of liquid Ga targets in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. A combination of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, μ-Raman mapping and spectroscopy, μ-photoluminescence, time of flight elastic recoil detection, and cathodoluminescence showed the formation of relaxed and strained domains in the same films. While the strained domains form due to ion bombardment during growth, the relaxed domains exhibit
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| 6. |
- Muhammad, Junaid, et al.
(författare)
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Two-domain formation during the epitaxial growth of GaN (0001) on c-plane Al2O3 (0001) by high power impulse magnetron sputtering
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:12, s. 123519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effect of high power pulses in reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy on the structural properties of GaN (0001) thin films grown directly on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. The epilayers are grown by sputtering from a liquid Ga target, using a high power impulse magnetron sputtering power supply in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman, micro-photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy investigations show the formation of two distinct types of domains. One almost fully relaxed domain exhibits superior structural and optical properties as evidenced by rocking curves with a full width at half maximum of 885 arc sec and a low temperature band edge luminescence at 3.47 eV with the full width at half maximum of 10 meV. The other domain exhibits a 14 times higher isotropic strain component, which is due to the higher densities of the point and extended defects, resulting from the ion bombardment during growth. Voids form at the domain boundaries. Mechanisms for the formation of differently strained domains, along with voids during the epitaxial growth of GaN are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Nyqvist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in health related quality of life in the randomised ARTSCAN study; accelerated vs. conventional radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. A five year follow up
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 118:2, s. 335-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed in the randomised, prospective ARTSCAN study comparing conventional radiotherapy (CF) with accelerated radiotherapy (AF) for head and neck cancer. Material and methods: 750 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (of any grade and stage) in the oral cavity, oro-, or hypopharynx or larynx (except T1-2, NO glottic carcinoma) without distant metastases were randomised to either conventional fractionation (2 Gy/day, 5 days/week in 49 days, total dose 68 Gy) or accelerated fractionation (1.1 + 2.0 Gy/day, 5 days/week in 35 days, total dose 68 Gy). HRQoL was assessed with EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-H&N35 and HADS at baseline, at end of radiotherapy (eRT) and at 3 and 6 months and 1, 2 and 5 years after start of treatment. Results: The AF group reported HRQoL was significantly lower at eRT and at 3 months for most symptoms, scales and functions. Few significant differences were noted between the groups at 6 months and 5 years. Scores related to functional oral intake never reached baseline. Conclusion: In comparison to CF, AF has a stronger adverse effect on HRQoL in the acute phase.
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| 8. |
- Adler, Jan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 715, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A description is given of the upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory. Two magnetic spectrometers are used to momentum analyze post-bremsstrahlung electrons. The tagged photon range extends from 10 to 180 MeV with an energy resolution of about 300 keV. The system has been operated at rates up to 4 x 10(6) photons s(-1) MeV (-1). Different diagnostic tools are described as well as the experimental program.
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| 9. |
- Adolfsson, Annsofie, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A web-based support for pregnant women and new mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sweden (MODIAB-Web) : study protocol for arandomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 15, s. 513-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Women with type 1 diabetes face particular demands in their lives in relation to childbearing. During pregnancy, in order to optimize the probability of giving birth to a healthy child, their blood glucose levels need to be as normal as possible. After childbirth, they experience a 'double stress': in addition to the ordinary challenges they face as new mothers, they also need to focus on getting their blood glucose levels normal. To improve self-management of diabetes and overall well-being in women with type 1 diabetes, a person-centered web-based support was designed to be tested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to be used during pregnancy and early motherhood. This protocol outlines the design of this RCT, which will evaluate the effectiveness of the specially designed web-based support for mothers with type 1 diabetes in Sweden.Methods: The study is designed as an RCT. The web support consists of three parts: 1) evidence-based information, 2) a self-care diary, and 3) communication with peers. The primary outcome is general well-being evaluated with the Well-Being Questionnaire short version (W-BQ12) and diabetes management evaluated with the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, short version (SWE-DES). Women attending six hospital-based antenatal care centers in Sweden are invited to participate. The inclusion period is November 2011 to late 2014. The allocation of participants to web support (intervention group) and to usual care (control group) is equal (1:1). In total, 68 participants in each group will be needed to reach a statistical power of 80% with significance level 0.05.Discussion: The web support is expected to strengthen the women's personal capacity and autonomy during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and early motherhood, leading to optimal well-being and diabetes management.
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| 10. |
- Adolfsson, Lars, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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The Adolfsson-Björnsson Activity Scale (ABAS) Improves Description of Patient Characteristics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research. - : Fortune Journals. - 2572-5017. ; 06:02, s. 408-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Age and gender have been regarded important for surgical decision making and used as inclusion criteria for clinical trials. Individual demands and level of activity have been less considered. A self-administered scale, defining subjectively assessed level of activity involving the upper extremities was therefore developed. The primary purpose of this study was to present the scale. Secondarily to investigate its reliability and correlation with age and gender.Patients and Methods: A scale with 8 categories ranging from extremely demanding to non-demanding activities, separated according to hand dominance, was constructed. Reliability testing was performed on 103 healthy individuals of both genders with a wide age range (20-86). 241 patients, median age 58 years (range 18-97), with different upper extremity injuries completed the scale. Participants were instructed to mark activities representative for their normal activity level. Correlation with age and gender was then investigated using Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC).Results: The level of activity ranged from 1, corresponding tominimal use of the arm, to 8 defined as elite sports. For test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.89 for the dominant and 0.90 for the non-dominant arm. Correlations between gender, age and level of activity were weak.Interpretation: The scale was found reliable and feasible to use. Age and gender were weakly correlated with level of activity and patients with low and high activities found in all ages and both genders. The activity scale allows improved description of patients included in clinical trials and can aid in treatment decision making but is primarily not intended for measurement of treatment outcome.
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| 11. |
- Agrell, Per J., et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal Carrier Coordination through Cooperative Governance Structures
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273. ; 194, s. 59-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how governance structures found in the trucking industry impact the coordination between a forwarder and its carriers, including three cases: no forwarder coordination (direct contracting with shippers), investor-owned coordination (price-only contract), and carrier-cooperative coordination (revenue-sharing contract). The carriers are engaged in a Cournot competition, where they decide upon service provision and truck investment. Economic theory predicts that integration of firms under oligopolistic competition always leads to a more efficient supply chain in the sense that prices decrease and quantities increase, which reduces total profits. This suggests that the benefit of avoiding double marginalization does not outweigh the benefit of upstream competition in the successive oligopoly case, whereas both integrated and independent firms coexist, the integrated chains do perform better. In this paper we examine the interaction between governance structures, a key decision when managing supply chains, including that found in the trucking industry, and shippers willingness to procure trucking services instead of producing them using a private fleet. We find that cooperative governance can contribute to improved service provision, reduced service price, improved consumer surplus, and improved profit for the carriers in equilibrium. We use parameter values based on the Swedish trucking industry and a larger grocery retailer acting as shipper to numerically illustrate the impact of different governance structures.
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| 12. |
- Akkurt, I, et al.
(författare)
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Photoneutron yields from tungsten in the energy range of the giant dipole resonance
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 48:20, s. 3345-3352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoneutron production on the nuclei of high-Z components of medical accelerator heads can lead to a significant secondary dose during a course of bremsstrahlung radiotherapy, However, a quantitative evaluation of secondary neutron dose requires improved data on the photoreaction yields. These have been measured as a function of photon energy, neutron energy and neutron angle for W-nat, using tagged photons at the MAX-Lab photonuclear facility in Sweden. This work presents neutron yields for W-nat(gamma, n) and compares these with the predictions of the Monte Carlo code MCNP-GN, developed specifically to simulate photoneutron production at medical accelerators.
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| 13. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the risk of N leaching from forest soils across a steep N deposition gradient in Sweden.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 158:12, s. 3588-3595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen leaching from boreal and temporal forests, where normally most of the nitrogen is retained, has the potential to increase acidification of soil and water and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. In parts of Sweden, where the nitrogen deposition has been intermediate to high during recent decades, there are indications that the soils are close to nitrogen saturation. In this study, four different approaches were used to assess the risk of nitrogen leaching from forest soils in different parts of Sweden. Nitrate concentrations in soil water and C:N ratios in the humus layer where interpreted, together with model results from mass balance calculations and detailed dynamic modelling. All four approaches pointed at a risk of nitrogen leaching from forest soils in southern Sweden. However, there was a substantial variation on a local scale. Basing the assessment on four different approaches makes the assessment robust.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Bygg de nya stambanorna! (Debatt)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jönköpings-Posten. - 1103-9469. ; , s. 3-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Angelstam, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Research questions to facilitate the future development of European long-term ecosystem research infrastructures: A horizon scanning exercise
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 250
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributed environmental research infrastructures are important to support assessments of the effects of global change on landscapes, ecosystems and society. These infrastructures need to provide continuity to address long-term change, yet be flexible enough to respond to rapid societal and technological developments that modify research priorities. We used a horizon scanning exercise to identify and prioritize emerging research questions for the future development of ecosystem and socio-ecological research infrastructures in Europe. Twenty research questions covered topics related to (i) ecosystem structures and processes, (ii) the impacts of anthropogenic drivers on ecosystems, (iii) ecosystem services and socio-ecological systems and (iv), methods and research infrastructures. Several key priorities for the development of research infrastructures emerged. Addressing complex environmental issues requires the adoption of a whole-system approach, achieved through integration of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic measurements. Interoperability among different research infrastructures needs to be improved by developing standard measurements, harmonizing methods, and establishing capacities and tools for data integration, processing, storage and analysis. Future research infrastructures should support a range of methodological approaches including observation, experiments and modelling. They should also have flexibility to respond to new requirements, for example by adjusting the spatio-temporal design of measurements. When new methods are introduced, compatibility with important long-term data series must be ensured. Finally, indicators, tools, and transdisciplinary approaches to identify, quantify and value ecosystem services across spatial scales and domains need to be advanced.
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| 21. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal follow-up of posttraumatic stress : from 9 months to 20 years after a major road traffic accident
- 2011
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1753-2000. ; 5:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although road traffic accidents (RTA) are a major cause of injury and a cause of posttraumatic stress (PTS) in the aftermath, little is known about the long-term psychological effects of RTA.Methods: This prospective longitudinal study assessed long-term PTS, grief, and general mental health after a bus carrying 23 sixth-grade schoolchildren crashed on a school outing and 12 children died. Directly affected (i.e., children in the crash) and indirectly affected children (i.e., all pupils in the sixth grade who were not in the crash) were surveyed at 9 months (N = 102), 4 years (N = 51), and 20 years (N = 40) after the event. Psychological distresswas assessed by single items, including sadness, avoidance, intrusions, and guilt. After 20 years, PTS was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.Results: Stress reactions were prevalent 9 months after the event, with sadness (69%) and avoidance (59%) being highly represented in both directly and indirectly affected groups, whereas, nightmares (60%) and feelings of guilt (50%) were only frequent in those directly affected. The frequency of sadness and avoidance decreased after 4 years in the indirectly exposed (ps < .05). After 20 years, the directly affected had a higher prevalence of PTS (p = .003), but not decreased general mental health (p = .14), than those indirectly affected.Conclusions: The limitations preclude assertive conclusions. Nonetheless, the findings corroborate previous studies reporting traumatic events are associated with long-term PTS, but not with decreased general mental health.
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| 22. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Fifteen years after a ferry disaster : Clinical interviews and survivors’ self-assessment of their experience
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8198 .- 2000-8066. ; 4, s. 20650-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Disasters yield increased rates of psychological disorders decades later. Other consequences, however, have received little attention in the past.Objective:We aimed to examine diagnostic status and survivors’ views on disaster-related consequences and social support.Methods:A mixed-methods approach was used with 22 survivors (of 49 eligible) 15 years after a ferry disaster. Data collection included audiotaped interviews with open-ended questions and diagnostic assessment of Axis-I disorders.Results:The post-disaster incidence was 54% (12/22) for Axis-I disorders, and 45% (10/22) for full or subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder. Thematic analysis revealed that survivor perception of the longterm consequences included positive (character change) and negative aspects (being ascribed a survivor identity). Participants’ sought social support for several years, yet many felt hindered by experiential dissimilarity and distress of significant others.Conclusions:Axis-I disorders were prevalent, but not salient to survivors’ perceptions in the long-term. Postdisaster interventions need to attend to common barriers to support.
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| 23. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Posttraumatic stress in survivors 1 month to 19 years after an airliner emergency landing
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Posttraumatic stress (PTS) is common in survivors from life-threatening events. Little is known, however, about the course of PTS after life threat in the absence of collateral stressors (e.g., bereavement, social stigma, property loss) and there is a scarcity of studies about PTS in the long term. This study assessed the short- and long-term course of PTS, and the influence of gender, education and age on the level and course of PTS, in survivors from a non-fatal airliner emergency landing caused by engine failure at an altitude of 1 km. There were 129 persons on board. A survey including the Impact of Event Scale was distributed to 106 subjects after 1 month, 4 months, 14 months, and 25 months, and to 95 subjects after 19 years (response rates 64–83%). There were initially high levels of PTS. The majority of changes in PTS occurred from 1 to 4 months after the event. There were small changes from 4 to 25 months but further decrease in PTS thereafter. Female gender was associated with higher levels of PTS whereas gender was unrelated to the slope of the short- and long-term trajectories. Higher education was related to a quicker recovery although not to initial or long-term PTS. Age was not associated with PTS. The present findings suggest that a life-threatening experience without collateral stressors may produce high levels of acute posttraumatic stress, yet with a benign prognosis. The findings further implicate that gender is unrelated to trajectories of recovery in the context of highly similar exposure and few collateral stressors.
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| 24. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective longitudinal long-term studies 14-20 years after three disasters
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ; , s. 72-72
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although clinical experience and past research have shown that posttraumatic stress (PTS) can last for decades after a disaster, long-term follow-ups are scarce and little is known about predictors of chronic PTS. In this presentation, long-term consequences of disasters will be described by a summary of the findings from three surveys of man-made/technological disasters with 2-4 assessments during the first 34-4 years and with a long-term assessment of PTSD and general mental health after 14-20 years (Ns = 33-57). Similarities and dissimilarities in the course of PTS between the disasters will be presented. The influence of traumatic bereavement, psychological or pharmacological treatment, and additional negative life events on long-term PTS will be discussed, and experiences form conducting long-term studies will be communicated.
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| 25. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Social support moderates posttraumatic stress and general distress after disaster
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - : Wiley. - 0894-9867 .- 1573-6598. ; 25:6, s. 721-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social support buffers the negative impact of stressful events. Less, however, is known about the characteristics of this association in the context of disaster and findings have been discrepant regarding direct and buffering effects. This study tested whether the protective effects of social support differed across levels of exposure severity (i.e., buffered distress) and assessed whether the buffering effect differed between event-specific and general distress. Participants were 4,600 adult Swedish tourists (44% of invited; 55% women) repatriated within 3 weeks after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. A survey 14 months after the disaster included the Crisis Support Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social support buffered the negative impact of exposure on both outcomes. The support and distress association ranged from very small in participants with low exposure to moderate in those with high exposure (ηp2 = .004 to .053). The buffering effect was not found to differ between the IES-R and GHQ-12, F(2, 4589) = 0.87, p = .42. The findings suggest that social support moderates the stressor-distress relationship after disasters. This study might help explain discrepant findings and point to refinements of postdisaster interventions.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Arnberg, Filip, 1981-
(författare)
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Long-Term Posttraumatic Stress in Survivors from Disasters and Major Accidents
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Disasters and major accidents are a significant cause of distress worldwide. High levels of posttraumatic stress can become chronic after severe and prolonged psychological trauma, raising concerns about the extent of adverse long-term consequences after single events. The present thesis aimed to describe the course and burden of posttraumatic stress in survivors from a ferry disaster in the Baltic Sea, an airliner crash-landing in Gottröra, Sweden, and a bus accident involving Swedish 6th grade schoolchildren in Måbødalen, Norway. The participants were surveyed 1 month to 4 years after the events and again after 14 to 20 years. The follow-up surveys included 33 ferry disaster survivors, 70 airline survivors, and 7 surviving schoolchildren with a comparison group from the same school (n = 33). Short- and long-term changes in posttraumatic stress were estimated separately in generalised regression models refined by linear splines. In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 ferry survivors 15 years after the disaster, including structured clinical interviews and thematic analysis of survivors’ descriptions of consequences of the event and social support. Approximately half of all survivors experienced significant posttraumatic stress at the initial assessments. Significant long-term distress was noted in one fourth of the ferry survivors and one sixth of the airline survivors. The bus crash was not associated with significant long-term posttraumatic stress. A poorer long-term outcome was noted in women and in bereaved survivors. The thematic analysis revealed that long-term consequences not only included negative aspects but also positive ones, including personal growth and existential awareness. There was ample availability of social support, although the need for support extended over a period of several years. Barriers to support from significant others were described in detail by the survivors. The results extend previous research by providing a comprehensive account of long-term consequences of disasters and major accidents in light of early reactions. The interviews provide some new insights into features of social support that warrant further study. Important future challenges include evaluating whether timely attention to survivors at risk for chronic distress and significant others can facilitate recovery.
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| 28. |
- Arslan, Alan A., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Estrogen Metabolites and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 23:7, s. 1290-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It has been hypothesized that predominance of the 2-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism pathway over the 16 alpha-hydroxylation pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Methods: We examined the associations of invasive breast cancer risk with circulating 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha-OHE1), and the 2-OHE1: 16 alpha-OHE1 ratio in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within two prospective cohorts: the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) and the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort (NSMSC), with adjustment for circulating levels of estrone, and additional analyses by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. Levels of 2-OHE1 and 16 alpha-OHE1 were measured using ESTRAMET 2/16 assay in stored serum or plasma samples from 499 incident breast cancer cases and 499 controls, who were matched on cohort, age, and date of blood donation. Results: Overall, no significant associations were observed between breast cancer risk and circulating levels of 2-OHE1, 16 alpha-OHE1, or their ratio in either cohort and in combined analyses. For 2-OHE1, there was evidence of heterogeneity by ER status in models adjusting for estrone (P <= 0.03). We observed a protective association of 2-OHE1 with ER + breast cancer [multivariate-adjusted OR for a doubling of 2-OHE1, 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.94; P = 0.02)]. Conclusions: In this study, higher levels of 2-OHE1 were associated with reduced risk of ER + breast cancer in postmenopausal women after adjustment for circulating estrone. Impact: These results suggest that taking into account the levels of parent estrogens and ER status is important in studies of estrogen metabolites and breast cancer.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Aspenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Mellanljusnans Djurliv.
- 1973
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som ett i de zoologiska undersökningarna för den s k Sehlstedtska utredningen 1) insamlades uppgifter om djurlivet vid Mellanljusnan. Det fanns ett särskilt intresse för denna del av Ljusnas mellan Laforsen och Karsjö (söder om Järvsö), eftersom man här planerar att uppföra fyra nya kraftverk.Inom den här presenterade Mellanjusnan -utredningens ram har i första hand samlats uppgifter från lokala naturintresserade, men också från biologisk expertis. Tillgänglig faunistisk litteratur har läts medan studier i fält bedrivits bara i liten omfattning. Arbete begränsades till ryggradsdjur utom fiskar, dvs däggdjur, fåglar, groddjur och kräldjur. För dem skapades en så detaljerad förekomstbild som möjligt genom att för fåglarna uppskatta antal häckande par 1973 och för övriga djurgrupper ange kvalitativa förekomsttal.Vid sidan av en beskrivning av befintligt djurliv ingick som under sökningens mål att göra skyddsvärdesbedömningar samt diskutera tänkbara faunaförändringar efter en exploatering.Den särskilt skyddsvärda faunan befanns huvudsakligen utgöras av fåglar. Här häckar den i inlandet för övrigt så sällsynta silltruten. Andra företrädesvis kusthäckande fåglar återfinns här, av vilka åtminstone småskraken bör nämnas. Bläsand, jorduggla och strömstare är ytterligare några anmärkningsvärda fågelarter, som förhöjer områdets skyddsvärde. Också för att numera så sällsynta uttern finns kvar vid Mellanljusnan är älvsträckan värdefull.Forsarna, och över huvud taget det strömmande vattnet, erbjuder den unika biotop som utgör en av grundvalarna för det säregna djurlivet.I övre delen av Mellanljusnan är niporna och en del fuktiga strandområden betydelsefulla avbrott i det torra hedlandskapet.En tredje egenart är att Ljusnans till stor del uppodlade dalgång ur ett större perspektiv bryter av mot omkringliggande land.Sådana fåglar som hornuggla tycks ha ett säkert fäste i kulturbygden. En bedömning av faunaförändringar efter en utbyggnad är vansklig att göra, men klart är att den unika älvbiotopen försvinner till förmån för en zoologiskt vida mer trivial miljö. Tillsammans med den genuina älvbiotopen försvinner säkert utter och strömstare, troligen även silltrut och småskrak.Sådana faktorer som att grunda vatten blir sällsynta, holmarna i älven minskar i antal och att flera värdefulla strandområden spolieras bidrar sannolikt till att Mellanljusnans i dag mycket intressanta djurliv fördärvas. Det vore stor skada för såväl forskningen.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Bakker, F. T., et al.
(författare)
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The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same time, like a synthesis radio telescope, when joined together through emerging digital resources, the global community of museums (the 'Global Museum') is more than the sum of its parts, allowing insights and answers to diverse biological, environmental, and societal questions at the global scale, across eons of time, and spanning vast diversity across the Tree of Life. We argue that, whereas natural history collections and museums began with a focus on describing the diversity and peculiarities of species on Earth, they are now increasingly leveraged in new ways that significantly expand their impact and relevance. These new directions include the possibility to ask new, often interdisciplinary questions in basic and applied science, such as in biomimetic design, and by contributing to solutions to climate change, global health and food security challenges. As institutions, they have long been incubators for cutting-edge research in biology while simultaneously providing core infrastructure for research on present and future societal needs. Here we explore how the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections. We do this by providing examples as food for thought for both the broader academic community and museum scientists on the evolving role of museums. We also identify challenges to the realization of the full potential of natural history collections and the Global Museum to science and society and discuss the critical need to grow these collections. We then focus on mapping and modelling of museum data (including place-based approaches and discovery), and explore the main projects, platforms and databases enabling this growth. Finally, we aim to improve relevant protocols for the long-term storage of specimens and tissues, ensuring proper connection with tomorrow's technologies and hence further increasing the relevance of natural history museums.
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| 33. |
- Bastardo Zambrano, Luis Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble complexes in aqueous mixtures of low charge density comb polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant probed by scattering and NMR
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 312, s. 21-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low charge density polyelectrolyte with a high graft density of 45 units long poly(ethylene oxide) side-chains has been synthesized. In this comb polymer, denoted PEO45 MEMA:METAC-2, 2 mol% of the repeating methacrylate units in the polymer backbone carry a permanent positive charge and the remaining 98 mol% a 45 unit long PEO side-chain. Here we describe the solution conformation of this polymer and its association with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS. It will be shown that the polymer can be viewed as a stiff rod with a cross-section radius of gyration of 29 Å. The cross section of the rod contracts with increasing temperature due to decreased solvency of the PEO side-chains. The anionic surfactant associates to a significant degree with PEO45 MEMA:METAC-2 to form soluble complexes at all stoichiometries. A cooperative association is observed as the free SDS concentration approaches 7 mM. At saturation the number of SDS molecules associated with the polymer amounts to 10 for each PEO side-chain. Two distinct populations of associated surfactants are observed, one is suggested to be molecularly distributed over the comb polymer and the other constitutes small micellar-like structures at the periphery of the aggregate. These conclusions are reached based on results from small-angle neutron scattering, static light scattering, NMR, and surface tension measurements.
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| 34. |
- Berggren, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Fish skin microbiomes are highly variable among individuals and populations but not within individuals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish skin-associated microbial communities are highly variable among populations and species and can impact host fitness. Still, the sources of variation in microbiome composition, and particularly how they vary among and within host individuals, have rarely been investigated. To tackle this issue, we explored patterns of variation in fish skin microbiomes across different spatial scales. We conducted replicate sampling of dorsal and ventral body sites of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from two populations and characterized the variation of fish skin-associated microbial communities with 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Results showed a high similarity of microbiome samples taken from the left and right side of the same fish individuals, suggesting that fish skin microbiomes can be reliably assessed and characterized even using a single sample from a specific body site. The microbiome composition of fish skin differed markedly from the bacterioplankton communities in the surrounding water and was highly variable among individuals. No ASV was present in all samples, and the most prevalent phyla, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, varied in relative abundance among fish hosts. Microbiome composition was both individual- and population specific, with most of the variation explained by individual host. At the individual level, we found no diversification in microbiome composition between dorsal and ventral body sites, but the degree of intra-individual heterogeneity varied among individuals. To identify how genetic and phenotypic characteristics of fish hosts impact the rate and nature of intra-individual temporal dynamics of the skin microbiome, and thereby contribute to the host-specific patterns documented here, remains an important task for future research.
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| 35. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Exposure to Trauma on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology in Swedish Tourist Tsunami Survivors
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 197:5, s. 316-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to examine long-term mental health and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in a Swedish tourist population after exposure to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Data from 4822 returned questionnaires 14 months after the disaster were analyzed. Respondents were categorized into 3 subgroups: (1) danger-to-life exposure group (having been caught or chased by the waves), (2) nondanger-to-life exposure group (exposed to other disaster-related stressors), and (3) low exposure group. Main outcome measures were General Health Questionnaire-12 and Impact of Event Scale-22-Revised. Danger-to-life exposure was an important factor in causing more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms and in affecting mental health. Female gender, single status, and former trauma experiences were associated with greater distress. Other factors related to more severe symptoms were loss of relatives, physical injuries, viewing many dead bodies, experiencing life threat, and showing signs of cognitive confusion. Disaster exposure has a substantial impact on survivors, which stresses the need for long-lasting support.
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| 36. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Grief Among Traumatically Bereaved Relatives Exposed and Not Exposed to a Tsunami
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - : Wiley. - 0894-9867 .- 1573-6598. ; 24:4, s. 456-464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies on the mental health consequences of traumatic exposure to a disaster compare those exposed to those not exposed. Relatively few focus on the effect of the death of a close relative caused by the disaster-suffering a traumatic bereavement. This study compared the impact on 345 participants who lost a close relative in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, but who were themselves not present, to 141 who not only lost a relative, but also were themselves exposed to the tsunami. The focus was on psychological distress assessed during the second year after the sudden bereavement. Findings were that exposure to the tsunami was associated with prolonged grief (B = 3.81) and posttraumatic stress reactions (B 665), and doubled the risk for impaired mental health. Loss of children increased the risk for psychological distress (prolonged grief B = 692; The Impact of Event Scale-Revised: B = 610; General Health Questionnaire-12: OR = 2.34). Women had a higher frequency of prolonged grief For men, loss of children presented a higher risk for prolonged grief in relation to other types of bereavement (B = 636 vs. loss of partner). Further long-term follow-up could deepen the understanding of how recovery after traumatic loss is facilitated.
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| 37. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological Crisis Support in Major Incidents
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Medical Responses to Major Incidents and Disasters. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer London. - 9783642218941 ; , s. 363-377
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Traumatic Bereavement on Tsunami-Exposed Survivors
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Traumatic Stress. - : Wiley. - 0894-9867 .- 1573-6598. ; 22:6, s. 497-504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fourteen months after the 2004 tsunami, mental health outcome was assessed in 187 bereaved relatives, 308 bereaved friends, and in 3,020 nonbereaved Swedish survivors. Of the bereaved relatives, 41% reported posttraumatic stress reactions and 62% reported impaired general mental health. Having been caught or chased by the tsunami in combination with bereavement was associated with increased posttraumatic stress reactions. Complicated grief reactions among relatives were almost as frequent as posttraumatic stress reactions. The highest levels of psychological distress were found among those who had lost children. Traumatic bereavement, in combination with exposure to life danger, is probably a risk factor for mental health sequelae after a natural disaster.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-
(författare)
-
Traumatic Exposure, Bereavement and Recovery among Survivors and Close Relatives after Disasters
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International studies of disasters indicate the risk for developing posttraumatic stress reactions among survivors is high. Modern life implicates increased traveling. During the last decades a large number of Swedish citizens were confronted with disasters taking place outside of their country. The prevalence of trauma reactions in a population that does not normally experience natural disasters, but are able to return to a community unaffected by the catastrophe, is not well studied. In addition, the effects of bereavement after traumatic circumstances have not been satisfactorily explored. Longitudinal studies on the effects of natural disasters are underrepresented and there are few studies investigating the course of recovery after traumatic exposure. The aim for this thesis was to examine long-term post-traumatic stress reactions, mental health, and complicated grief after disaster exposure and traumatic bereavement. Data from returned questionnaires were analysed from bereaved Italian and Swedish relatives 18 months after the Linate airplane disaster 2001, and at 14 months and three years from Swedish travelers returning from Southeast Asia after the 2004 tsunami disaster, and from home staying bereaved relatives within the second year after the tsunami disaster. The main outcome measures were GHQ-12, IES-R and Inventory of Complicated Grief. The findings indicated many survivors were resilient and had ability to recover, but severe exposure to a disaster had considerable impact on psychological distress. Life threat was associated with higher levels of post-traumatic stress reactions, and increased the risk for affected mental health and suicidal ideation. Loss in combination with severe life threat exposure indicated a further increased risk of posttraumatic stress reactions and for complicated grief; this should be considered a substantial risk factor for general mental health. Loss of close relatives, especially loss of children, was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress and created a greater risk for complicated grief. Many survivors recovered over time; however, severe exposure and traumatic loss appeared to slow the recovery process. The findings have implications for government and health agencies, regarding the importance of knowledge and awareness of these risks for health, and for organizational structure, training, and accessibility of support and adequate treatment.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Tsunami-exposed tourist survivors : Signs of recovery in an 3-year perspective
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 199:3, s. 162-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term follow-up after disaster exposure indicates increased rates of psychological distress. However, trajectories and rates of recovery in large samples of disaster-exposed survivors are largely lacking. A group of 3457 Swedish survivors temporarily on vacation in Southeast Asia during the 2004 tsunami were assessed by postal questionnaire at 14 months and 3 years after the tsunami regarding post-traumatic stress reactions (IES-R) and general mental health (GHQ-12). There was a general pattern of resilience and recovery 3 years postdisaster. Severe exposure and traumatic bereavement were associated with increased post-traumatic stress reactions and heightened risk for impaired mental health. The rate of recovery was lower among respondents exposed to life threat and among bereaved. Severe trauma exposure and bereavement seem to have considerable long-term impact on psychological distress and appear to slow down the recovery process. Readiness among health agencies for identification of symptoms and provision of interventions might facilitate optimal recovery.
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| 45. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
-
Bromoanisoles and Methoxylated Bromodiphenyl Ethers in Macroalgae from Nordic Coastal Regions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science. - London : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; , s. 881-892
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine macroalgae are used worldwide for human consumption, animal feed, cosmetics and agriculture. In addition to beneficial nutrients, macroalgae contain halogenated natural products (HNPs), some of which have toxic properties similar to those of well-known anthropogenic contaminants. Sixteen species of red, green and brown macroalgae were collected in 2017–2018 from coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea, Sweden Atlantic and Norway Atlantic, and analyzed for bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). Target compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), with qualitative confirmation in selected species by GC-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Quantified compounds were 2,4-diBA, 2,4,6-triBA, 2′-MeO-BDE68, 6-MeO-BDE47, and two tribromo-MeO-BDEs and one tetrabromo-MeO-BDE with unknown bromine substituent positions. Semiquantitative results for pentabromo-MeO-BDEs were also obtained for a few species by GC-HRMS. Three extraction methods were compared; soaking in methanol, soaking in methanol–dichloromethane, and blending with mixed solvents. Extraction yields of BAs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) with the three methods and the two soaking methods gave equivalent yields of MeO-BDEs. Extraction efficiencies of MeO-BDEs were significantly lower using the blend method (p < 0.05). For reasons of simplicity and efficiency, the soaking methods are preferred. Concentrations varied by orders of magnitude among species: ∑2BAs 57 to 57 700 and ∑5MeO-BDEs < 10 to 476 pg g−1 wet weight (ww). Macroalgae standing out with ∑2BAs >1000 pg g−1 ww were Ascophyllum nodosum, Ceramium tenuicorne, Ceramium virgatum, Fucus radicans, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Acrosiphonia/Spongomorpha sp. Species A. nodosum, C. tenuicorne, Chara virgata, F. radicans and F. vesiculosus (Sweden Atlantic only) had ∑5MeO-BDEs >100 pg g−1ww. Profiles of individual compounds showed distinct differences among species and locations.
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| 46. |
- Bladh, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Torsional stability of hydropower units under influence of subsynchronous oscillations
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. - 0885-8950 .- 1558-0679. ; 28:4, s. 3826-3833
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydropower units are known to be comparatively insensitive to subsynchronous power oscillations. During a startup test of an electrical island in the Nordic power system, a series capacitor tripped due to a subsynchronous oscillation within the normal frequency range of hydropower unit torsional modes. Since no thermal units were connected, it is motivated to question the traditional view. In this paper, the small-signal and transient torsional mode stability of hydropower units is assessed through time-domain simulations. The model is based on the first IEEE benchmark model for subsynchronous resonance which has been tuned to fit one of the blackstart test system units for which detailed measurements are available. The stability conditions are investigated for several load conditions and machine configurations. It is found that the damping in the startup test system is sufficient to prevent growing oscillations. A fault however could expose the machines to high transient torques.
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| 47. |
- Blomberg, Lars G., et al.
(författare)
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Solar windmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling : an event study based on Freja data
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 66:5, s. 375-380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freja data are used to study the relative contributions from the high-latitude (reconnection/direct entry) and low-latitude (viscous interaction) dynamos to the cross-polar potential drop. Convection streamlines which are connected to the high-latitude dynamo may be identified from dispersed magnetosheath ions not only in the cusp/cleft region itself but also several degrees poleward of it. This fact, together with Freja's orbital geometry allows us to infer the potential drop from the high-latitude dynamo as well as to obtain a lower limit to the potential drop from the low-latitude dynamo for dayside Freja passes. All cases studied here are for active magnetospheric conditions. The Freja data suggest that under these conditions at least one third of the potential is generated in the low-latitude dynamo. These observations are consistent with earlier observations of the potential across the low-latitude boundary layer if we assume that the low-latitude dynamo region extends over several tens of Earth radii in the antisunward direction along the tail flanks, and that the majority of the potential drop derives from the sun-aligned component of the electric field rather than from its cross-boundary component, or equivalently, that the centre of the dynamo region is located quite far down tail. A possible dynamo geometry is illustrated.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Boman, Fiffi, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing parent and teacher assessments of mental health in elementary school children
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:2, s. 168-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Screening instruments are often used for detecting mental health problems in children and adolescents. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one instrument for screening children's mental health. The SDQ can be used for assessment by different informants, i.e. parents, teachers and by 11-16 year olds for self-reporting. Aims: The aim was to compare the precision and validity of parental and teacher SDQ assessments in elementary school children, and to analyze whether assessments were affected by the child's sex and by socio-demographic factors. Methods: A total of 512 primary school students were included in a cross-sectional study. Exploratory factor analysis, sensitivity/specificity analysis, Cronbach's alphas, and logistic regression were applied. Results: Parents rated 10.9% and teachers 8.8% of the children as high-risk individuals, but the overlap was low (32.1%). Cronbach's alphas were 0.73 and 0.71 for parents and teachers, respectively. However, factor analysis showed that the five-factor solution could be confirmed only for teacher ratings. Moreover, only the parents' ratings were affected by maternal educational level and parental country of birth when rating the same children as the teachers. Conclusions: Construct validity was only confirmed for teacher assessments. However, parental assessments might capture a dimension of a child's mental health that seems to be sensitive to socioeconomic factors, which could be important when addressing equity issues, and for the dialogue between parents and school.
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| 50. |
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