| 1. |
- Bergquist, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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De okända
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ovisshetens tid. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673540 ; , s. 283-300
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I dagens media och populärkultur finns en uppsjö av TV-program, dokumentärer, tidningsspalter och poddar om det paranormala. I tidningar går det dagligen att läsa horoskop som förtäljer framtiden och i program som Det okända får vi följa personer som besöker hemsökta hus och samtalar med döda. Med resultat från 2022 års nationella SOM-undersökning visar detta kapitel att – för en betydande andel av den svenska befolkningen – ter sig paranormala föreställningar inte enbart vara underhållning. Var tredje av de tillfrågade svarade exempelvis att det finns personer som kan uppfatta saker med ett sjätte sinne medan cirka en av fem svarade att det finns de som kan samtala med döda, minnas tidigare liv eller förutspå framtiden med hjälp av exempelvis tarotkort. Omkring var sjätte person svarade att det finns människor som genom horoskop kan förutspå andras framtid eller som kan bota sjukdomar genom energier från sina händer
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| 2. |
- Cassel, Sophie, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Presentation Format on Conjoint Designs: A Replication and an Extension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Methods Data Analyses. - 1864-6956. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, conjoint experiments have been in vogue across the social sciences. A reason for the conjoint experiments' popularity is that they allow researchers to estimate the causal effects of many components of stimuli simultaneously. However, for conjoint experiments to produce valid results, respondents need to be able to process and understand the wide range of dimensions presented to them in the experiment. If the information processing is too demanding or too complicated, respondents are likely to turn to satisficing strategies, leading to poorer data quality and subsequently decreasing the researcher's ability to make accurate causal inferences. One factor that may lead to the adoption of satisficing strategies is the presentation format used for the conjoint experiment (i.e., presenting the information within a text paragraph or a table). In the present paper, a direct replication of the single conjoint presentation format experiment described in Shamon, Dulmer, and Giza's (2019) paper in Sociological Methods & Research is presented, and extending their work to paired conjoint experiment. The results of the direct replication showed that respondents evaluated the questionnaire more favorably when reading the table format but were, on the other hand, less likely to participate in subsequent panel waves. Albeit the number of break-offs, refusals, and non-responses did not differ between the two formats, respondents who saw the table format evaluated the scenarios with more consistency and less dimension reduction, thus favoring the table presentation format. For paired conjoint experiments, the presentation format did not affect survey evaluations or panel participation but the table format heavily outperformed the text format on every data quality measure except for dimension reduction. Conceptually, albeit not directly replicating the findings in Shamon, Dulmer, and Giza (2019), the present manuscript concludes that the table format appears preferable over the text format for conjoint experimental designs.
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| 3. |
- Dahlberg, Stefan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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How representative is a self-selected web-panel? The effect on representativeness of different sampling procedures and survey modes
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Annual Meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Orlando, May 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper makes a systematic comparison between different sampling procedures and survey modes by making use of three different types of surveys. In all three surveys, identical questions and wordings are used. However, they are all three separate studies whereas the first study is based on a representative sample of approximately 3 000 Swedish citizens (based on the national census register). This study is carried out as a traditional postal survey by the Swedish SOM-institute. The second study is also based on a representative sample of approximately 3 000 Swedish citizens (recruited by telephone from the national census register), but in this case the survey is entirely carried out as a web-survey, distributed by e-mail. The third and final study is carried out as a web-survey as well but is instead based on a selfrecruited citizen panel of 10 000 Swedish citizens. All three surveys were carried out during October to December, 2011. In order to evaluate potential differences between varying sampling procedures and survey modes, we will a) compare the composition of respondents in terms of general SES-related background characteristics between the three surveys, both in terms of potential differences in levels and correlations, and b) analyze the differences in three sets of questions tapping, values, attitudes and behavior. By doing this we will be able to uncover how representative a large-sample self-recruited panel actually can become as well as what the usage of new technological media in surveys does to an initially representative sample in a technologically advanced country. Important questions that we will be able to answer concerns to what extent different sampling procedures and survey modes affect the representativeness of a sample? If potential differences varies between different types of survey questions, i.e. questions relating to values, attitudes and behavior etc.
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| 4. |
- Kroon, Åsa, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Svenska folkets spelande och attityder till reklam för nätcasinon
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Regntunga skyar. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, SOM-institutet. - 9789189673472 ; , s. 383-399
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spelreklam uppfattas som ett kontroversiellt ämne. Det beror på att spelreklam antas kunna förvärra människors problemspelande. Forskningen kan dock bara i mycket begränsad omfattning påvisa en sådan relation. Resultaten som presenteras i det här kapitlet visar att det finns en stark opinion för att förbjuda reklam för nätcasinospel i Sverige. De demonstrerar även att det finns ett samband mellan en vilja att förbjuda sådan reklam och negativa attityder till spelreklam i allmänhet. Resultaten i kapitlet tydliggör även att bakgrundsfaktorer som klass eller eget spelande inte inverkar på om man stöder förbudet för nätcasinoreklam eller inte. Vi menar att det finns anled-ning att tro att våra attityder till spelreklam i allmänhet och nätcasinospel i synnerhet påverkas av den strida strömmen av spelreklam under senare år, liksom av den starkt negativa debatten om spelreklam och nätkasinoreklam som drivits på från politiskt håll.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986
(författare)
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Gaming Together - When an imaginary world affects generalized trust
- 2012
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Ingår i: Midwest Political Science Association 2012 Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an attempt at disentangling the causal relationship between generalized trust and social experiences in a digitalized world, this paper employ a 10 month self-selected panel-study of players from the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) World of Warcraft. The results indicate that starting to play World of Warcraft is negatively related to generalized trust. In addition this paper find that associations consisting of players, called Guilds, constitutes what can be seen as a voluntary association and that some the negative effect of entering into the World of Warcraft is off-set by playing in these associations. In other words, social experiences differ within the game and for generalized trust it seems better to be Gaming Together than Gaming Alone.
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| 7. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986
(författare)
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Gaming Together: When an Imaginary World Affects Generalized Trust
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology & Politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1933-1681 .- 1933-169X. ; 12:1, s. 54-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: To disentangle the causal relationship between generalized trust and social experiences in a digitalized world, this article employs a three-wave, self-selected panel study following 533 players from the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), World of Warcraft (WoW), over 10 months. Focusing on whether generalized trust can be shaped by the social experiences one makes throughout a lifetime, this study finds a strong relationship between joining or exiting a voluntary association-like environment within the game and changes in generalized trust. Starting to play together in voluntary association-like environments is positively related to increases in generalized trust, while exiting is associated with a decrease in generalized trust. Hence, contrary to other recent studies on associations’ ability to affect generalized trust, this study demonstrates effects on generalized trust when studying social encounters within an MMORPG. In other words, a social experience such as gaming together seems to affect generalized trust positively.
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| 8. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986
(författare)
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Generalized Trust in Surveys: From Scales to Dragons
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Generalized trust has been one of the frequently researched attitudes in political and social sciences. Although this type of trust saw its real breakthrough in the theories about social capital, offered by Robert D. Putnam in 1993, the survey measurement was created in the 1940s. Despite this, only a handful of studies evaluate generalized trust from a survey measurement perspective. This thesis presents four articles aiming to rectify this shortcoming by employing a measurement error perspective to the generalized trust survey question. The first article offers analyses of whether the survey question can be improved through the application of theories dominant in survey methodology. The second article investigates measurement error in generalized trust and other attitudes stemming from panel survey participation. The third article analyzes whether measurement error in responses to factual questions bias results between generalized trust and ethnic diversity. The fourth article utilizes the knowledge obtained in the thesis by studying social experiences in an online game and its impact on generalized trust. The thesis proposes that measurement error in the generalized trust survey measurement can be substantially decreased by employing survey methodology theories. In addition, generalized trust seems to be measured in panels without increasing measurement error. Furthermore, the effect of ethnic diversity does not seem to be driven by measurement error in factual survey questions about immigrants. Using the proposed adaption of how to measure the generalized trust survey question in the first articles, the last article finds that social experiences in voluntary associational-like environments in an online game seem to affect generalized trust. All in all, when measured as suggested in this thesis, generalized trust fares pretty well as a survey measurement. Hence, the thesis promotes a continued usage of the generalized trust survey question.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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HOW TO MEASURE GENERALIZED TRUST: WORDINGS, SCALES, AND DON’T KNOWS
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Association of Public Opinion Research 66:th Annual Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, survey institutes have changed their measurement of generalized trust from the standard dichotomy to an eleven-point scale. Additionally, these survey institutes use different wordings and some of them provide a “don’t know” option. Using two survey based experiments, one on 12,000 self-selected Swedes and the other on a probability-based sample of 3,000 Swedes, this article evaluates the generalized trust question in terms of wordings, scales, and inclusion of a don’t know option. The findings suggest that, in line with the advice from Krosnick and Fabrigar (1997), generalized trust is as good measured using a minimally balanced question wording as a fully balanced; is best measured with a seven- or eleven-point scale with a neutral midpoint; and is best measured without including a don’t know option.
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| 11. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Generalized Trust. An Examination of Question Wording and the Number of Scale Points
- 2016
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Ingår i: Public Opinion Quarterly. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0033-362X .- 1537-5331. ; 80:1, s. 26-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survey institutes recently have changed their measurement of generalized trust from the standard dichotomous scale to an 11-point scale. Additionally, numerous survey institutes use different question wordings: where most rely on the standard, fully balanced question (asking if "most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people"), some use minimally balanced questions, asking only if it is "possible to trust people." By using two survey-embedded experiments, one with 12,009 self-selected respondents and the other with a probability sample of 2,947 respondents, this study evaluates the generalized trust question in terms of question wording and number of scale points used. Results show that, contrary to the more commonly used standard question format (used, for example, by the American National Election Studies and the General Social Survey), generalized trust is best measured with a minimally balanced question wording accompanied with either a seven-or an 11-point scale.
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| 12. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Once a Satisficer, Not Always a Satisficer: Evidence from an Awareness Control Experiment
- 2014
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Ingår i: APSA 2014 Annual Meeting Paper.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Satisficing is a well-known data quality problem in all types of survey research. In this digital age however, the researcher, when using web surveys, is able to monitor and intervene in the respondent's response process to a greater extent. In this research note, we aim to detect satisficing behavior by respondents early in a survey to see whether this response behavior continues throughout the survey and whether this behavior can be remedied.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Participation Effects in Panel Surveys: Evidence from a Seven-Wave Randomized Experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Association for Public Opinion Research 68:th Annual Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comparing panel samples and refreshment samples, previous studies have found significant participation effects on people’s knowledge. Participation in previous panel waves tends to produce more knowledgeable respondents but only minor effects have been found when studying people’s beliefs, attitudes and voting intentions (Das, Toepel, and Soest 2011). However, most of these studies have used only two panel waves, and none of them have used a randomized experiment design. This study rectifies these shortcomings by using a seven-wave panel together with a randomized experiment design. With this more ambitious approach, we are able to study panel participation effects on political attitude questions, with a relatively large number of waves, and with randomized gaps. More specifically, the design consists of one group of respondents receiving a set of panel questions in seven waves, and one group receiving the same set of panel questions in five of the seven waves (i.e. two gaps). Results show that, in line with previous research, no panel participation effects exist − either in the form of panel conditioning or panel fatigue effects.
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| 15. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Skilda världsbilder i frågan om koldioxidutsläpp
- 2020
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Ingår i: Regntunga skyar. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673472
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljöfrågor är något som ständigt diskuteras och debatteras, ofta utifrån olika premisser. I följande kapitel undersöker vi i vilken utsträckning människors partipolitiska hemvist styr deras klimatuppfattningar i en specifik fråga, nämligen hur mycket koldioxid de tror att flyg släpper ut jämfört med tåg. Resultaten visar att även vid kontroll för demografiska faktorer är partipolitisk identifikation en signifikant faktor för uppfattningen om hur mycket koldioxid flyg släpper ut jämfört med tåg. Medan personer som står till vänster i politiken bedömer att flyg släpper ut mycket mer än tåg, bedömer personer som står till höger att tåg och flyg är mer lika i sina utsläpp. Resultatet indikerar att svenskarna i viss mån låter sin ideologiska identitet styra vilken fakta som bygger upp deras världsuppfattning. En sådan polarisering kan försvåra möjligheterna för det politiska systemet att fungera väl och den miljöpolitiska debatten riskerar att domineras av partitaktik istället för fakta.
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| 16. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The need for public opinion and survey methodology research to embrace preregistration and replication, exemplified by a team's failure to replicate their own findings on visual cues in grid-type questions
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of public opinion research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0954-2892 .- 1471-6909. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survey researchers take great care to measure respondents' answers in an unbiased way; but, how successful are we as a field at remedying unintended and intended biases in our research? The validity of inferences drawn from studies has been found to be improved by the implementation of preregistration practices. Despite this, only 3 of the 83 published articles in POQ and IJPOR in 2020 feature explicitly stated preregistered hypotheses or analyses. This manuscript aims to show survey methodologists how preregistration and replication (where possible) are in service to the broader mission of survey methodology. To that end, we present a practical example of how unknown biases in analysis strategies without preregistration or replication inflate type I errors. In an initial data collection, our analysis showed that the visual layout of battery-type questions significantly decreased data quality. But after committing to replicating and preregistering the hypotheses and analysis plans, none of the results replicated successfully, despite keeping the procedure, sample provider, and analyses identical. This manuscript illustrates how preregistration and replication practices might, in the long term, likely help unburden the academic literature from follow-up publications relying on type I errors.
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| 17. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Valmyndighet i blåsväder?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Omstritt omval. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. - 9789189673236 ; , s. 163-174
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Lundmark, Sebastian, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Vem tittar på e-sport?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Vägskäl - 43 kapitel om politik, medier och samhälle. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. - 9789189673274 ; , s. 507-515
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Martinsson, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Is Accuracy Only For Probability Samples? Comparing Probability and Non-probability Samples in a Country with Almost Full Internet Coverage
- 2013
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Ingår i: Midwest Political Science Association 2013 Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Commercial on-line panels based on non-probability samples have begun to be widely used not only in traditional market research but also in more academic research. But is the quality and accuracy of such data comparable to that of probability based samples? The overall aim of this study is to compare the quality of probability based and non-probability based on-line panels in Sweden, a country with almost full internet coverage. We proceed in two steps. Firstly, we compare the accuracy of three survey modes all using random samples: postal survey, telephone survey, and web survey. Secondly, we compare the accuracy of two commercial non-probability based panels with two commercial probability based panels, using the traditional mail and telephone surveys as benchmark surveys. Demographics are compared to government records, and attitudes are compared to benchmark studies of high quality and high response rate. In order to allow comparisons, seven surveys with comparable questions were run at approximately the same time. We compare the accuracy of the four commercial on-line panels both with and without weights. In contrast to previous studies, the results indicate a surprising similarity in terms of accuracy between probability panels and non-probability panels. The two non-probability based on-line panels do not seem to be less accurate than probability based on-line panels in terms of demographics, nor do their estimates of political attitudes seem to differ more from traditional methods such as a high response rate mail survey. We conclude that a larger comparison based on more demographic and attitudinal variables are needed.
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| 20. |
- Protzko, John, et al.
(författare)
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High replicability of newly discovered social-behavioural findings is achievable
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - 2397-3374. ; 8:2, s. 311-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Failures to replicate evidence of new discoveries have forced scientists to ask whether this unreliability is due to suboptimal implementation of methods or whether presumptively optimal methods are not, in fact, optimal. This paper reports an investigation by four coordinated laboratories of the prospective replicability of 16 novel experimental findings using rigour-enhancing practices: confirmatory tests, large sample sizes, preregistration and methodological transparency. In contrast to past systematic replication efforts that reported replication rates averaging 50%, replication attempts here produced the expected effects with significance testing (P < 0.05) in 86% of attempts, slightly exceeding the maximum expected replicability based on observed effect sizes and sample sizes. When one lab attempted to replicate an effect discovered by another lab, the effect size in the replications was 97% that in the original study. This high replication rate justifies confidence in rigour-enhancing methods to increase the replicability of new discoveries.
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| 21. |
- Protzko, J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear Effect Amplification: Differential Susceptibility of Verbal Overshadowing as a Function of Time to Interference
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2211-3681 .- 2211-369X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Verbalizing visual memories can interfere with later accurate recall. Whereas changes in the magnitude of this verbal overshadowing effect (VOE) as a function of delay have been reported, no study has systematically investigated multiple shorter nonimmediate delays. Does VOE happen when verbalization occurs 5-min postencoding? 10 min? 15 min? We show in a preregistered study involving 4,501 American adults randomly assigned to different timing paradigms, that the effect size of VOE at 5 or 10 min is nearly zero, with a stable and significant inhibitory effect from 15 to 20 min. We further investigate this nonlinearity in a second study of 3,174 individuals showing a distinct nonlinear "effect amplification " sometime between 12 and 14 min. This apparent critical period after stimulus onset where susceptibility to verbal interference dramatically increases may help explain potential difficulties replicating VOE. More importantly, it suggests the possibility that the 12-14 min period may represent a critical window for other interference paradigms as well. General Audience Summary Eyewitness memory after seeing a crime committed can become corrupted by numerous sources. One source of corruption is describing the memory using words, called verbal overshadowing. Here, we show in two large preregistered studies that the effect of verbalization after seeing a crime occur nonlinearly amplifies from a null effect at short time intervals to a stable effect around 14 min after seeing the crime. This nonlinear effect occurs somewhere in the 12-14 min window. Future studies should investigate whether this 12-14 min window where effect sizes nonlinearly amplify is seen around other memory paradigms.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Weissenbilder, Marcus, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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In i värmen? Vinnare- och förlorareffekter och förtroendet för Valmyndigheten
- 2023
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Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig Tidsskrift. - 0039-0747. ; 125:4, s. 1065-1089
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In from the cold? Winner-loser effects and confidence in the Election Authority Research on winner-loser effects has demonstrated the consequences voting for a winning or losing party have on evaluations of democracy: Voting for the winners makes voters more positive toward democracy and the electoral process while vot-ing for the losers makes them more negative. However, in the literature, less atten-tion has been devoted to a possible winner-loser effect on confidence in the insti-tutions responsible for the conduct of elections. In the following study, we bridge this gap by exploring how confidence in Sweden’s Election Authority changed among voters of winning and losing parties. The analyses indicated that, despite the high institutional trust and system support in Sweden, voters lost confidence in the Election Authority if their party lost and gained confidence if their party won. This effect was strongest among voters of the Sweden Democrats. Overall, Sweden Democratic voters gained the most confidence after the 2022 election, probably attributable to the Sweden Democrats shedding their pariah status and invited to real government influence in 2022.
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