| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, B Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Incomplete degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil inoculated with wood-rotting fungi and their effect on the indigenous soil bacteria
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ; 22:6, s. 1238-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil artificially contaminated with fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene was inoculated with the wood-rotting fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Antrodia vaillantii. During 12 weeks of incubation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and the formation of persistent degradation products were monitored by chemical analysis. In addition, the effect on the indigenous soil bacteria was studied by plate count techniques and by measuring the concentration of bacteria-specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). In both soils inoculated with fungi, the PAH degradation was enhanced compared to the control soil without fungi. The white-rot fungus P. ostreatus accelerated the degradation rate radically the first weeks, while the effect of the brown-rot fungus was more pronounced at later stages during the 12-week study. In a soil with no amendments, the final degradation result was similar to that in the soil with added fungi, although the degradation pattern for the individual PAHs was different. Furthermore, the degradation by P. ostreatus was accompanied by an accumulation of PAH metabolites, that is, 9-fluorenone, benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione, and two compounds identified as 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone and 4-oxapyrene-5-one, that was not seen in the other soils. The inoculation with the white-rot fungus also had a large negative effect on the indigenous soil bacteria. This could be an important drawback of using the white-rot fungus P. ostreatus in soil bioremediation since a sequential fungal–bacterial degradation probably is needed for a complete degradation of PAHs in soil. In the soil inoculated with A. vaillantii, on the other hand, no metabolites accumulated, and no negative effects were observed on the indigenous microorganisms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Incomplete degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil inoculated with wood rotting fungi and their effect on the indigenous soil bacteria.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Rangeland Ecology & Management. - : Wiley. - 1550-7424. ; 22:6, s. 1238-1243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil artificially contaminated with fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene was inoculated with the wood-rotting fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Antrodia vaillantii. During 12 weeks of incubation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and the formation of persistent degradation products were monitored by chemical analysis. In addition, the effect on the indigenous soil bacteria was studied by plate count techniques and by measuring the concentration of bacteria-specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). In both soils inoculated with fungi, the PAH degradation was enhanced compared to the control soil without fungi. The white-rot fungus P. ostreatus accelerated the degradation rate radically the first weeks, while the effect of the brown-rot fungus was more pronounced at later stages during the 12-week study. In a soil with no amendments, the final degradation result was similar to that in the soil with added fungi, although the degradation pattern for the individual PAHs was different. Furthermore, the degradation by P. ostreatus was accompanied by an accumulation of PAH metabolites, that is, 9-fluorenone, benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione, and two compounds identified as 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone and 4-oxapyrene-5-one, that was not seen in the other soils. The inoculation with the white-rot fungus also had a large negative effect on the indigenous soil bacteria. This could be an important drawback of using the white-rot fungus P. ostreatus in soil bioremediation since a sequential fungal–bacterial degradation probably is needed for a complete degradation of PAHs in soil. In the soil inoculated with A. vaillantii, on the other hand, no metabolites accumulated, and no negative effects were observed on the indigenous microorganisms.
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| 5. |
- Appelgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Patient-reported outcomes one year after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in the randomized SENOMAC trial
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Breast. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9776 .- 1532-3080. ; 63, s. 16-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This report evaluates whether health related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient-reported arm morbidity one year after axillary surgery are affected by the omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Methods: The ongoing international non-inferiority SENOMAC trial randomizes clinically node-negative breast cancer patients (T1-T3) with 1-2 sentinel lymph node (SLN) macrometastases to completion ALND or no further axillary surgery. For this analysis, the first 1181 patients enrolled in Sweden and Denmark between March 2015, and June 2019, were eligible. Data extraction from the trial database was on November 2020. This report covers the secondary outcomes of the SENOMAC trial: HRQoL and patient-reported arm morbidity. The EORTC QLQC30, EORTC QLQ-BR23 and Lymph-ICF questionnaires were completed in the early postoperative phase and at one-year follow-up. Adjusted one-year mean scores and mean differences between the groups are presented corrected for multiple testing.
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| 6. |
- Blyberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Glass, timber and adhesive joints - Innovative load bearing building components
- 2014
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 55, s. 470-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural glass-timber composite beams and shear wall elements were investigated in terms of their mechanical behaviour, energy performance and their LCA performance. The load bearing components were manufactured using annealed float glass which was adhesively bonded to the timber with different adhesives. The results show, among other things, that is is possible to join the two materials glass and timber and obtaining a non-brittle failure of the beams. The shear wall elements have the potential of being used as stabilising elements and load bearing walls in buildings of up to 4 storeys height. It is possible to combine glass and timber in a load bearing shear wall without loss of energy performance of a building or without loosing LCA performance. In addition to these benefits, the timber glass composite wall has, of course the benefit of being transparent.
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| 7. |
- Flygt, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Glas och trä i samverkan - innovativa byggprodukter med mervärde : energi och miljö
- 2012
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glas är en viktig del av våra byggnader. Utan kontakt med omgivningen trivs vi inte inomhus! Tidigare har glaset varit en stor källa till värmeförluster och i de första passivhusen användes små fönster. En intressant frågeställning var därmed om man kunde ha projektets bärande glaskonstruktion i ett passivhus. l projektet har tre olika prototyper för byggprodukter i glas och trä konstruerats och testats på olika sätt, främst ur hållfasthetssynpunkt Protoyperna har limmats ihop och av de testade limmerna visade det sig att ett akrylatlim hade den bäst prestandan i sammanhanget. Den väggprototyp som togs fram har använts som underlag för energiberäkn ingarna. För att få så bra energiprestanda som möjligt infogades en isolerruta och energibeläggningar i det konstruerade väggelementet Energiberäkningar både med Isover Energi3 och DEROB-LTH gjordes på ett friliggande enplanshus konstruerat för att kunna uppnå passivhusprestanda. Resultat från beräkningar med bara bra treglas isolerrutor i huset jämfördes med att använda två olika väggelementet med motsvarande glasyta. Yärmegenomgångskoefficienten, U-värdet, för väggelementet beräknades med hjälp av programmet U-norm. När andelen glas som procent av golvarean ökades från 12 till 16% ökade inte energiförbrukningen för något fall. Därefter började energiförbrukningen att öka för treglasfönstret och för det sämre väggelementet. För det bättre väggelementet kom inte ökningen förrän glasarean motsvarade 21% av golvytan. För att uppfylla passivhusrekommendationen för den specifika energiförbrukningen krävdes det att det bättre väggelementet användes och att hälften av varmvattnet värmdes via solen samt att rumstemperaturen inte fick överstiga 20°C. Det bör därmed kunna gå att nå passivhusnivån men det ställs stora krav på konstruktion, design och inte minst brukaren. Det blir för varmt inne under sommarhalvåret med alla tre konstruktionerna trots att det bättre väggelementet har en solskyddsbeläggning. Ett takutsprång på 1,5 meter minskar tiden då temperaturen överstiger 26 °C men inte tillräckligt mycket för att nå ner till rekommendationen på maximalt 10% av sommarhalvåret. En solskyddsbeläggning räcker därmed inte utan det krävs ytterligare solskydd. Beräkningar visar att t. ex. användning av en exteriör solskyddsväv eller ett elektrokromt belagt glas från Sage löser problemet. Med DEROB-LTH gjordes även beräkningar på ett förslag till en stationsbyggnad över järnvägsspåret i Växjö. Även här blir det varmt på sommaren. Används kylning för att inte temperaturen ska överskrida 30°C ökar energi förbrukningen med mellan 0,3-3%o. Med ett extra solskydd som en elektrokrom applikation eller extern väv behövs ingen kylning alls och temperaturer över 26°C uppträder mindre än 1% av tiden. Två hela väggelement byggdes där det ena elementet innehöll en energisparbeläggning i isolerrutan men inte den andra. Inga fler beläggningar användes och det var luft i isolerrutorna. Dessa två provades i en hotbox. Den bästa av de två provade väggelementen har ett något sämre U-värde än den sämre av de två beräknade väggelementen och visar att detta är en fullt real iserbar konstruktion. Med hjälp av spänningsmäta ren, SCA LP, följdes spänningarna i glaset i den bärande del en av ett väggelement under en belastningsprovning med stigande vertikal linjelast upp till 80 kN. Resultaten i glasskivans mittpunkt följer ökningen av pålagd last väl och är ett smidigt sätt att kontrollera spänningar i en konstruktion på. Vid mätning av isolerrutan på ett väggelementen monterat i hotboxen och på ett element som stod fritt erhölls likartade spänningar. Resultaten från energiberäkningarna användes vid en LCA för det beräknade friliggande enplanshuset. Största påverkan på miljön har brukarfasen som utgör 94-95% av förbrukad primärenergi. Den lägre procentsatsen erhölls för väggelementet och den högre för treglasfönster med trä och aluminiumram. Även CO2 utsläppen blir något lägre...
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| 8. |
- Grund Bäck, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved mechanical properties and chemical durability by modifying the float glass composition and thermo-chemical strengthening for photovoltaic cover glass
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar energy is promising renewable energy where glass is an important material and have a significant impact on the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The cover glass of PV-modules constitutes a large part of the total weight of the unit. In a recent Solar-ERA.NET project, LIMES (www.limes.nu), have we been aiming towards developing 1 mm thin glass for PV modules by improving the indentation mechanical properties and by investigating a novel thermo-chemical strengthening method.Starting from traditional soda-lime-silicate float composition different components was studied in a DoE fashion. The mechanical properties were studied using nano- and microindentation, the chemical durability by P98 analysis and weathering experiments. The findings resulted in a suggested composition for improving the properties of float glass by adding small amounts of zinc and titanium oxide as well as increasing the amount of aluminum and magnesium oxide. The components found to improve the chemical resistance were alumina, zirconia, zinc, lanthanum and titanium oxide. The surface hardness, crack- and scratch resistance were improved when magnesia was replaced with zinc oxide. When magnesia was replaced with titania, the hardness was increased.Some results from the thermo-chemical strengthening experiments will be presented. Heating and quenching in a reactive gas atmosphere using aluminum precursors have resulted in chemically modified surface in addition to the thermal strengthening.
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| 9. |
- Grund Bäck, Lina, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of basicity on oxygen activity and antimony oxide fining efficiency in alkali alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology. Part A: Glass Technology. - Sheffield : Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3546 .- 1753-3554. ; 50:5, s. 241-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of bubbles was monitored in antimony oxide fined R2O-MxOy-SiO2 and R2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses (R = Na, K; M = Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Zn, B, Al, Ti, x = 1 or 2, y = 1, 2 or 3) in order to evaluate the fining efficiency. Electrochemical measurements of oxygen activity were used to, in situ, monitor the fining characteristics and conditions in some of the investigated glass melts. The results showed that an increase of the calculated optical basicity was related to an increased number of bubbles in the glass samples. The oxygen activity in the melt during fining decreased with increased optical basicity.
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| 10. |
- Grund, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Fining efficiency and oxygen activity in soda-alkaline earth-silica glasses
- 2008
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Ingår i: Glass - The Challenge for the 21st Century.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fining and refining, when bubbles are removed from the glass melt, is an important step in glass manufacturing to reach the quality demands. It is well known that the refining does not always work properly if the composition in the glass is altered. There are still questions concerning the mechanisms of refining with Sb2O3, which typically is used in glass industries where the furnaces have limited process temperature.This study is done to monitor how changes in glass composition affect the fining efficiency and the oxygen activity of the melt. The specific number of bubbles was determined in the glasses in order to evaluate the fining efficiency. The oxygen activity measurement is a way to in situ monitor the fining characteristics and it has been measured electrochemically at 1400 C in some of the glass melts.In this work 20NaO2-10RxOy-70SiO2 glasses were used. RxOy is CaO, BaO, MgO, ZnO, SrO or a mix of CaO with BaO, MgO, ZnO, SrO, B2O3, Al2O3 or TiO2. Nitrate and 0,2 mol% Sb2O3 were used as refining agent. In the glasses with a combination of CaO and B2O3 the number of bubbles was lower compared to the glass with only CaO. In all other glasses the amount of bubbles was higher. A maximum number of bubbles were found in the glass containing a combination of CaO and SrO. The oxygen activity was measured at 1400C in glass melts with SrO, CaO+SrO, CaO+BaO and with CaO+B2O3.
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| 11. |
- Jonson, Bo, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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A CIELAB approach facilitating glass decolourising and recycling of coloured cullet
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology. Part A: Glass Technology. - Sheffield : Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3546. ; 50:2, s. 89-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CIELAB coordinate has demonstrated as useful for description of the colour characteristics of decolourised flint glass. The amounts of cobalt and erbium oxides necessary for sufficient decolourising of additions of coloured cullet can be calculated from the appearant linear dependence of CIE a* and b* coordinates to the added amounts of cobalt and erbium oxides to the batch. For the sucess of such a calculation, the colour point of the added cullet must be determined.
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| 12. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of TiO2 on optical properties of glasses in the soda-lime-silicate system
- 2016
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Ingår i: Optical Materials Express. - 2159-3930 .- 2159-3930. ; 6:4, s. 1198-1216
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titania is widely considered as an alternative constituent for replacing heavy metal oxides in optical glasses. Its effect on optical properties, however, is complex. This is due to the dielectric properties of the prevalent ionic species, Ti4+, the potential co-existence of trivalent titanium, Ti3+, giving rise to intrinsic and extrinsic charge transfer reactions, and the existence of different coordination polyhedra, depending on matrix composition. Here, we present a systematic study of the optical properties of the soda-lime-silicate glass system as a function of TiO2 addition. We consider the silica-rich region of the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-TiO2 quaternary, which may be taken as model for a variety of technical glasses. Trends are described in the refractive index, the Abbe number, the optical bandgap and the Urbach energy. The addition of TiO2 increases the refractive index and the optical dispersion while it lowers the optical bandgap and the Urbach Energy. Results are discussed in relation to relevant literature data towards using titania silicate glasses as high-index replacements for heavy metal – containing oxide glasses.
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Lätta Innovativa Material för Effektiva Solcellsmoduler (LIMES)
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvinning av solenergi genom solceller är en lovande teknik för att öka andelen förnyelsebara energikällor både nu och i framtiden. Glas till solceller är en betydande del av kostnaden och en nödvändighet att utveckla för att öka livslängden och minska priset per utvunnen watt. I LIMES har man studerat dels att tillsätta optiskt aktiva komponenter som absorberar skadligt UV ljus och samtidigt konverterar det till synligt ljus som i sin tur kan konverteras till energi i solcellerna. Därmed är vinsten tvåfaldig, ökar både livslängden och effektiviteten med upp till 4%. Vidare har det studerats hur man kan optimera de mekaniska och kemiska egenskaperna av glas för att kunna öka den mekaniska och kemiska livslängden, detta genom att optimera glassammansättningen. Man har inom projektet visat att motstånd mot sprickbildning av en ny sammansättning ökar med en faktor 3 och att den kemiska resistensen ökar med en faktor 4. Termo-kemisk härdning av glas har demonstrerats i labskala som ger upphov till minst lika stor härdningsgrad samt ökar motstånd mot sprickbildning med en faktor 2. Det möjliggör användning av tunnare glas och därmed betydligt lättare solceller. Glasytans sammansättning modifieras signifikant genom att öka halten aluminiumoxid och det ger upphov till de förbättrade egenskaperna. Den termo-kemiska behandlingen ökar vattens kontaktvinkel mot glasytan vilket bidrar till ett självrengörande glas. Multifunktionella ytor på glas som är både antireflektiva och självrengörande har studerats genom två olika angreppssätt, nanostrukturerad ytmodifiering och porösa antireflektiva beläggningar med fotokatalytisk nedbrytningsförmåga. Nanostrukturerade glasytor ger upphov till en ökad ljusspridning och kan på så vis effektivt guida ner diffust ljus till solceller och samtidigt ändra vattens kontaktvinkel mot glaset. LIMES-koncepten har demonstrerats genom kvantitativa mätningar och tillverkande av små kiselsolcellsmoduler. Projektet har stått för att öka potentialen för kommersialisering ifrån TRL (Technology Readiness Level) nivå 2-4 till 4-6. Man undersöker i det närmaste hur man kan skala upp planglastillverkning för att kunna ta nästa steg mot kommersialisering.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Lundgren, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a regional-economic process integration model for Billerud Karlsborg AB
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pulp and paper industry is an energy-intensive industrial sector that faces several challenges such as increased competition and rising feedstock and energy prices. To adress this, it is crucial for the industry to improve the material and energy efficiencies to the greatest possible extent. Process integration methods like pinch analysis and mathematical programming are useful tools for evaluating possible process alternatives, i.e. applications of new technologies, changes to new equipment and/or different operating conditions. Development of industrial energy combines is an interesting approach towards an overall optimization of energy and material flows. One problem is often that there are a large number of essentially different actors and financers that are interested in studying other parameters than those that are normally investigated in process integration studies, for example national or regional economics and various social values.In this project, engineering, economic and statistical tools and methods have been applied separately as well as in combination for different types of investigations conducted at the paper and pulp mill Billerud Karlsborg AB in Kalix, Sweden. One main objective has been to develop a process integration model of the mill based on the reMIND method to be used for introductory process simulations of the existing mill configuration. Additionally, pinch analysis has been used to identify alternatives for energy savings in the mill. Another objective has been to develop a regional economic market model (ReCOM) that should be suitable for analysis and predictions of price changes on relevant feedstock markets. A more simplified model based on the reMIND method has been used for intitial studies on how the mill can be turned into a biorefinery. The main purpose of that work has been to investigate if biomass gasification can be economically interesting for the mill and if so, under what boundary conditions. A statistical technique, conjoint analysis, has been used to study and analyze the attitude of employed people at the mill to changes in the production process that may affect for example the local and global environment etc. Finally, possible interactions between the different models and tools have been investigated.The reMIND modelling of the existing mill configuration has showed several alternatives to save steam and fuel. For example, if the wood-chips supplied to the digester is pre-heated from a temperature of 0°C to say 60°C by the use of low grade residual heat, approximately 1.5 ton per hour of 10 bar steam or 5 ton per hour of biomass fuels can theoretically be saved. Furthermore, if the inlet liquor temperature to effect 4 of the evaporation plant increases from 85 to 105°C, the steam used for evaporation decreases from 77 to 66 ton per hour and as a consequence, the biomass fuel supply to the bark boiler decreases from 51 to 39 ton per hour. This, however, also leads to a slightly reduced electricity production, from 35 to 34 MW due to a reduced production of the high pressure steam.The results from the developed ReCOM model, suggest that only none to small changes in the fibrous input prices from an increase in the fuel price (affecting the forestry sector) and a small price increase as a result from a reduced supply of purchasable wood-chips and pulp wood. The small effect that increasing fuel prices has on the fibrous input prices can largely be explained by the relatively small cost share that fuels have in the forestry sector. An increase of the labour costs would most likely have a larger impact. As for the price effect from a reduction in the supply of purchasable wood-chips, there is a substitution possibility between purchased and internally produced wood-chips for the pulp mill. However, when the limit for how much internally produced wood-chips is reached its will probably results in larger price effectsThe Pinch study of the mill indicated that there is a theoretical steam-saving potential of 18.5 MW, corresponding to 12% of the current steam demand. Two different retrofit proposals were suggested for how to achieve specific steam saving levels in practice. According to a basic retrofit proposal, a steam saving of 5.8 MW could be achieved at an investment cost of 7 MSEK while a more rigorous retrofit would enable steam savings of 11 MW at an investment cost of 14.5 MSEK. An approach for using these results in a reMIND model of the mill has also been proposed.The results from the more simplified reMIND modelling have showed that if the mill starts to produce DME via biomass gasification, the necessary policy support to make it economically feasible ranges from 92-561 SEK per MWh biofuel (DME) over four different future scenarios. This could be compared to the Swedish exemption from energy tax on biofuels, which currently amounts to approximately 275 SEK per MWh. It is also concluded that biomass gasification results in a larger net CO2 reduction when integrated with the pulp and paper mill, than when the mill and the gasification plant operate separately.The conjoint analysis showed that it is possible to find groups of respondents that were unknown prior to the study. If an organisation wants to implement a change in the process, conjoint analysis can be used to identify groups of participants with similar preferences and then tailor information to suit these specific groups.Many possibilities for the different models to interact have been identified and illustrated. The interaction between the reMIND method and ReCOM is based on exchanging information on fibrous input prices and quantities and conducted through an iterative process. The results indicate that the models can interact to produce more robust and reliable conclusions regarding optimal resource utilization suggesting that the described approach is feasible and that further research efforts can be made to extend the models. Pinch analysis and reMIND modelling has in other studies shown to be able to interact iteratively. In this study, the retrofit proposals obtained from the pinch analysis could serve as inputs to future reMIND modelling. Another interaction between reMIND and pinch analysis that has been identified during the project is to use pinch analysis to evaluate the opportunity to pre-heat certain process streams. The results from a conjoint analysis are quantitative in form of regression coefficients. However, to use these numbers for example in a Pareto front analysis will be difficult as the numbers has no monetary, energy or emission unit. Nonetheless, conjoint analysis can interact in many different ways with ReCOM as well as the reMIND models. For example, to choose scenarios to be modelled in ReCOM where the factors in the conjoint analysis can be tailored to indicate how the market would respond in a hypothetical situation. Conjoint analysis can be used to weight different factors in the reMIND model. The weighting can possibly also be used in the ReCOM model.This work has illustrated how the various engineering, economic and statistical methods and tools can be used both separately and in combination to help an industry towards more energy-efficient production processes.
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| 16. |
- Lundstedt-Enkel, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate Data Analyses of Chlorinated and Brominated Contaminants and Biological Characteristics in Adult Guillemot (Uria aalge) from the Baltic Sea
- 2005
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Ingår i: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 39:22, s. 8630-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult guillemot (Uria aalge) birds, 10 females and 10 males, drowned in trawl nets near Stora Karlso in the Baltic Sea, were collected in 2000. Several of the animals' biological characteristics were recorded. The birds' pectoral muscles were individually analyzed for their concentrations of organochlorines (M) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes, trans-nonachlor, hexachlorobenzene, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The dominating contaminant was p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with a geometric mean concentration of 12 900 ng/g lipid weight (Iw). The concentration of Sigma PBDE (80 ng/g Iw) was similar to that of HBCD (65 ng/g Iw). The total concentration of all OCs was approximately 150 times higher than that of all BFRs. For the statistical evaluation of the data, we used multivariate analysis techniques such as principal components analysis, partial least-squares (PLS) regression, and PLS discriminant analyses. No differences between the two sexes were found, either in contaminant concentrations or in biological characteristics. We found that some biological characteristics covaried with the concentrations of several Us and BFRs, e.g., a negative correlation between liver weight and concentration of contaminants. The concentrations of most Us but not of BFRs showed a decrease with increasing lipid content. Further, a PLS model with M as X and BFRs as Y showed that the contaminants formed two groups, each with distinctive correlation patterns. The PLS model could be used to predict with varying accuracy the concentration of BFRs in the individual muscles from their concentration of OCs.
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| 17. |
- Lundstedt, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Additiv tillverkning av formar för glasgjutning
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet hade man som avsikt att utreda tre principiella frågeställningar: 1. Går det att gjuta glas direkt i sandform tillverkade med additiv tillverkning? Här har vi visat att det går alldeles utmärkt att gjuta glas i 3D-skrivna sandformar. Viss sprickbildning har uppkommit i formarna vilket är intressant att arbeta vidare med. 2. Går det att med ytbeläggningar eller aktiva ytor åstadkomma jämnare ytor på glasobjekten, gjutna i sand- respektive gjutjärnsformar, för att minska behovet av manuell efterbehandling? I projektet har man visat att användandet av så kallade blacker minskar behovet av efterarbete. Att arbeta vidare med att optimera blackernas formulering och applikationsmetod ses som mycket intressanta områden för ett fortsättningsprojekt. 3. Går det att med aktivator i formen stärka glasytan? Ett första försök att stärka glasytan genom applicering av en aktivator gjordes med en egenblandat slurry innehållande litiumkarbonat. Denna integrerades dock i glasytan som ett vitt skikt. Djupare studier är nödvändiga för att utreda möjligheterna att få fram en aktivator som stärker glasytan utan att påverka transparensen. I helhet ses resultaten från projektet som mycket intressanta för vidare studier och projektgruppen har för avsikt att hitta finansieringsmöjligheter för ett större utvecklingsprojekt under våren 2018.
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| 18. |
- Lundstedt, Karin, 1963-
(författare)
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Thermal stresses in load-bearing glass-timber components
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thermal stresses can arise in glass used in architectonic realisations in buildings as a result of solar irradiation: that is, sunlight. The magnitude of these thermal stresses depends on the temperature conditions in the glass in terms of the temperature differences between warm and cold areas. The work described here has verified the existence and distribution of thermal stresses in glass, both theoretically and experimentally, in a load-bearing element made of glass and wood, when exposed to incident solar radiation and various degrees of shading. The finite element method was used in order to simulate the temperature distribution in the glass, together with the resulting associated thermal stresses. Parts of these model results were then compared with results and data from experimental investigations in a solar simulator. The experimental trials were carried out on a plain glass sheet and on a wood-framed glass sheet. This frame assembly saw the glass fitted in a wooden frame such that its edge was flush with the edges of the frame and therefore freely exposed to the surroundings. Two different grades of glass were analysed in the theoretical modelling and used in the experimental solar exposure: a clear glass, with a low absorption coefficient, and a tinted glass having a relatively high absorption coefficient. The experimental part of the work included two different finishes to the glass edge: as-cut, with no further attention, and cut and smoothed. The results from the finite element method calculations agree relatively well with the experimental results. When simulating the temperature values and distributions, the value of the coefficient of heat transfer is an important factor in determining the results. The coefficient can be given either a constant value, taken from a standard, or a calculated value that varies depending on the surface temperature and ambient temperature at every instant. For the clear glass with a low coefficient of absorption, the calculated temperatures did not differ significantly depending on which method had been used to provide a value for the coefficient of heat transfer. However, for the glass with a high coefficient of absorption, and when exposed to high solar intensity, a calculated value of coefficient of heat transfer should be used in order to arrive at relevant values of surface temperatures and stresses. Thermal tensile stresses have more effect on the total stress level than have stresses arising from typical in-service vertical loads.
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| 19. |
- Stålhandske, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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A CIELAB approach facilitating glass decolourising and recycling of coloured cullet
- 2009
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Ingår i: Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A. - 1753-3554. ; 50:2, s. 89-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CIEL*a*b* coordinate system has been demonstrated as useful for describing the colour characteristics of decolourised flint glass. The amounts of cobalt and erbium oxides necessary for sufficient decolourising of additions of recycled coloured cullet can be calculated from the apparent linear dependence of the CIE a * and b* coordinates on the amounts of cobalt and erbium oxides added to the batch. For the success of such a calculation the colour point of the added cullet must be determined.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sundin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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What Couples Choose to Focus on During Nurse-led Family Health Conversations When Suffering Stroke
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal for human caring. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1091-5710 .- 2578-2304.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to illuminate which topics 2 couples, ages younger than 65 years old, where 1 partner has suffered a stroke, choose to focus on when participating in nurse-led family health conversations. Six conversations were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Three categories emerged illustrating that the couples choose to talk about how they were affected on a personal and family level and, moreover, the importance of support within and outside the family. The altered way of living involved distressed feelings, gratitude, and hopes. This study highlights the importance of nurses viewing the family as a unit.
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| 22. |
- Svensson, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Chondroitin sulfate expression predicts poor outcome in breast cancer.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 39, s. 1421-1428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies have established that the sulfated glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate act as co-receptors of cytokines and growth factors that drive the malignant cell phenotype and the remodelling of the surrounding tumor stroma. However, the clinical relevance of these studies remains ill-defined. The present study investigates the significance of chondroitin sulfate expression in malignant cells and the stroma, respectively, of tumors from two independent cohorts of breast cancer patients (cohort I: 144 patients, 130 evaluable samples; cohort II: 498 patients, 469 evaluable samples; ER-positive patients ~86% in both cohorts). Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to assess the relationship between chondroitin sulfate and recurrence-free and overall survival. High chondroitin sulfate expression in malignant cells was shown to predict shorter recurrence-free survival (P=0.007, cohort I; P=0.024, cohort II) and overall survival (cohort I: P=0.044; cohort II: P<0.001) in both cohorts. In multivariate analysis, high chondroitin sulfate in malignant cells was shown to be an independent, predictive factor of poor overall survival (cohort I: hazard ratio 2.28: 95% confidence interval 1.08-4.81, P=0.031; cohort II: hazard ratio 1.71: 95% confidence interval 1.23-2.38, P=0.001). However, chondroitin sulfate in the stroma showed no correlation with known markers of tumor aggressiveness or with clinical outcome in either cohort. Our data suggest that high chondroitin sulfate expression in malignant cells is associated with an adverse outcome in patients with primary breast cancer, supporting the idea of a functional and potentially targetable role of chondroitin sulfate in tumor disease.
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| 23. |
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