| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).
- 2011
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 14:6, s. 495-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had been completed, with an overall response rate of 80%. At age 15 (CATSS-15) and 18 (CATSS-18), twins and parents complete questionnaires that, in addition to assessments of somatic and mental health, include measures of personality development and psychosocial adaptation. Twin pairs in CATSS-9/12 with one or both twins screening positive for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or eating problems have been followed with in-depth questionnaires on family, social environment and personality, and subsequently by clinical assessments at age 15 together with randomly selected population controls, including 195 clinically assessed twin pairs from the first 2 year cohorts (CATSS-15/DOGSS). This article describes the cohorts and study groups, data collection, and measures used. Prevalences, distributions, heritability estimates, ages at onset, and sex differences of mental health problems in the CATSS-9/12, that were analyzed and found to be overall comparable to those of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The CATSS study has the potential of answering important questions on the etiology of childhood mental health problems and their role in the development of later adjustment problems.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andrésen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Transient structure and dynamics in the disordered c-Myc transactivation domain affect Bin1 binding
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy C / Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 40:13, s. 6353-6366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crucial role of Myc as an oncoprotein and as a key regulator of cell growth makes it essential to understand the molecular basis of Myc function. The N-terminal region of c-Myc coordinates a wealth of protein interactions involved in transformation, differentiation and apoptosis. We have characterized in detail the intrinsically disordered properties of Myc-1-88, where hierarchical phosphorylation of S62 and T58 regulates activation and destruction of the Myc protein. By nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift analysis, relaxation measurements and NOE analysis, we show that although Myc occupies a very heterogeneous conformational space, we find transiently structured regions in residues 22-33 and in the Myc homology box I (MBI; residues 45-65); both these regions are conserved in other members of the Myc family. Binding of Bin1 to Myc-1-88 as assayed by NMR and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed primary binding to the S62 region in a dynamically disordered and multivalent complex, accompanied by population shifts leading to altered intramolecular conformational dynamics. These findings expand the increasingly recognized concept of intrinsically disordered regions mediating transient interactions to Myc, a key transcriptional regulator of major medical importance, and have important implications for further understanding its multifaceted role in gene regulation.
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| 5. |
- Andrésen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Transient structure and intrinsic disorder in the c-Myc transactivation domain and its effects on ligand binding
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The crucial role of c-Myc as an oncoprotein and as a key regulator of cell growth makes it essential to understand the molecular basis of c-Myc function. The transactivation domain of c-Myc coordinates a wealth of protein interactions involved in transformation, differentiation and apoptosis. We have characterized in detail the intrinsically disordered properties of c-Myc-1-88, where hierarchical phosphorylation of T58 and S62 regulates activation and destruction of the c-Myc protein. By NMR chemical shift analysis, relaxation measurements and NOE analysis, we show that both the MBI region (residues 45-65) and residues 22-33 are transiently structured regions, conserved also in other members of the Myc family. Binding of Bin1-SH3 to c-Myc-1-88 as assayed by NMR and SPR revealed primary binding to the S62 region, but also a dynamically disordered and multivalent complex in which intrinsic disorder of c-Myc-1-88 was retained while releasing transient intramolecular interactions. Our findings describe a novel mode of regulatory recognition of c-Myc that is in agreement with the increasingly recognized capability of intrinsically disordered regions to efficiently mediate transient interactions with a wide range of targets, with important implications towards understanding the unique multifaceted biological functions of c-Myc.
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| 6. |
- Blackshear, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin or galanin receptor subtype 1 agonist M617 induces c-Fos activation in central amygdala and dorsomedial hypothalamus
- 2007
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Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 28:5, s. 1120-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide galanin and galanin receptors are widespread throughout cortical, limbic and midbrain areas implicated in reward, learning/memory, pain, drinking and feeding. While many studies have shown that galanin produces a variety of presynaptic and postsynaptic responses, work studying the effects of galanin on neural activation is limited. The present study examined patterns of c-Fos immunoreactivity resulting from intracerebro-ventricular administration of galanin versus saline injection in awake rats. An initial comprehensive qualitative survey was conducted to identify regions of high c-Fos expression followed up with quantitative analysis. Galanin induced a significant increase in c-Fos levels relative to saline-treated controls in dorsomedial hypothalamus and in the central nucleus of the amygdala. This pattern of activation was also produced by galanin receptor type 1 agonist M617. The present findings confirm that galanin upregulates c-Fos activation in hypothalamic nuclei, and supports roles for galanin in central amygdala-mediated food intake, and Pavlovian conditioning.
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| 7. |
- Börjeson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a compact open-field wavefront sensor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 62:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Börjeson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a non-4f relay system for Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America A. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 0740-3232 .- 1084-7529 .- 1520-8532. ; 40:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensors (HSWSs) are used in many disciplines to measure optical aberrations. Conventionally, the wavefront of interest is transferred onto the lenslet array of the HSWS with a telescopic 4f relay system. However, the 4f relay design restricts the choice of focal lengths and distances used for the relay system. In this paper, we describe a non-4f variant and demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that its wavefront relaying properties equal that of a 4f system. We also present an alignment method for conjugating the wavefront with the lenslet array of the HSWS for both 4f and non-4f systems.
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| 9. |
- Christaras, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Central and peripheral refraction measured by a novel double-pass instrument
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedical Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 2156-7085. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel double-pass instrument and its data analysis method for the measurement of central and peripheral refraction is presented and validated in a group of healthy subjects. The instrument acquires in-vivo, non-cycloplegic, double-pass, through-focus images of the eye’s central and peripheral point-spread function (PSF) using an infrared laser source, a tunable lens and a CMOS camera. The through-focus images were analyzed to determine defocus and astigmatism at 0° and 30° visual field. These values were compared to those obtained with a lab-based Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. The two instruments provided data showing good correlation at both eccentricities, particularly in the estimation of defocus.
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| 10. |
- Doering, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset anxiety and depression: Epidemiological and neurodevelopmental aspects.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety and depression are common in youth and are frequently accompanied by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear how common ADHD, ASD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs, i.e., ADHD, ASD, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorder, and tic disorders) are in children versus adolescents with anxiety and depression. We aimed to delineate whether different anxiety/depression age-of-onset groups show distinguishable NDD patterns. The study was based on 4492 twins born in Sweden between 1998 and 2003 from the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated using screening measures of anxiety and depression at ages 9 and 15, and NDDs at age 9. Individuals with childhood-onset anxiety/depression had a substantially higher NDD prevalence compared to individuals with adolescent-onset anxiety/depression. Highest prevalence was found for individuals with anxiety/depression both in childhood and adolescence. In this group, individuals also had substantially higher odds of having at least one NDD (14.7, 95% CI 6.3 - 34.0) compared to individuals without anxiety/depression. This emphasizes the need to further investigate the etiology of childhood and adolescent anxiety/depression, as they most likely represent different constructs depending on age-of-onset, lending support for possibly different treatment approaches.
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| 11. |
- Doering, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Internalizing symptoms in adolescence are modestly affected by symptoms of anxiety, depression, and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depressive disorders, are common mental disorders in young people, but a detailed understanding of the symptom continuity from childhood to adolescence that additionally includes a variety of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) symptoms is lacking. We therefore aimed to assess the extent to which parent-reported anxiety, depression, and NDD symptoms in childhood predict parent-reported internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Methods We used the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, comprising 4492 twins born in Sweden between 1998 and 2003 that were assessed at age 9, and then again at age 15. Linear regression in a structural equation modelling framework was used to analyze the data. Results Overall, our results indicate that 15.9% of the variance in internalizing symptoms at age 15 can be predicted by anxiety, depression, and NDD symptoms at age 9. Anxiety and NDD symptoms in childhood predicted the largest amount of internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Conclusions Adolescent internalizing symptoms are modestly affected by childhood symptoms of anxiety, depression, and NDDs, suggesting that they may represent different constructs across age. Future studies should further empirically investigate differences in etiology and trajectories of childhood versus adolescent internalizing symptoms.
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| 12. |
- Durbeej, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms : results from Swedish population based twin cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central. - 2050-7283. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous research has noted trends of increasing internalizing problems (e.g., symptoms of depression and anxiety), particularly amongst adolescent girls. Cross-cohort comparisons using identical assessments of both anxiety and depression in youth are lacking, however.METHODS: In this large twin study, we examined trends in internalizing symptoms in samples of 9 year old children and 15 year old adolescents, gathered from successive birth cohorts from 1998 to 2008 (age 9) and 1994-2001 (age 15). Assessments at age 9 were parent-rated, and at age 15 self- and parent-rated. We examined (i) the relation between birth cohorts and internalizing symptoms using linear regressions, and (ii) whether percentages of participants exceeding scale cut-off scores changed over time, using Cochrane Armitage Trend Tests.RESULTS: Among 9 year old children, a significantly increasing percentage of participants (both boys and girls) had scores above cut-off on anxiety symptoms, but not on depressive symptoms. At age 15, a significantly increasing percentage of participants (both boys and girls) had scores above cut-off particularly on self-reported internalizing symptoms. On parent-reported internalizing symptoms, only girls demonstrated a corresponding trend.CONCLUSION: In line with previous studies, we found small changes over sequential birth cohorts in frequencies of depression and anxiety symptoms in children. Further, these changes were not exclusive to girls.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Haq, S Raza, et al.
(författare)
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Side-Chain Interactions Form Late and Cooperatively in the Binding Reaction between Disordered Peptides and PDZ Domains
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 134:1, s. 599-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrinsically disordered proteins are very common and mediate numerous protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. While it is clear that these interactions are instrumental for the life of the mammalian cell, there is a paucity of data regarding their molecular binding mechanisms. Here we have used short peptides as a model system for intrinsically disordered proteins. Linear free energy relationships based on rate and equilibrium constants for the binding of these peptides to ordered target proteins, PDZ domains, demonstrate that native side-chain interactions form mainly after the rate-limiting barrier for binding and in a cooperative fashion. This finding suggests that these disordered peptides first form a weak encounter complex with non-native interactions. The data do not support the recent notion that the affinities of intrinsically disordered proteins toward their targets are generally governed by their association rate constants. Instead, we observed the opposite for peptide-PDZ interactions, namely, that changes in K-d correlate with changes in k(off).
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| 17. |
- Jaeken, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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Fast scanning peripheral wave-front sensor for the human eye
- 2011
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 19:8, s. 7903-7913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We designed and built a fast scanning peripheral Hartmann-Shack (HS) wave-front sensor to measure the off-axis wave-front aberrations in the human eye. The new instrument is capable of measuring the optical quality over the central 80 degrees horizontal visual field in 1.8 seconds with an angular resolution of 1 degrees. The subject has an open field of view without any moving elements in the line-of-sight and the head is kept in place by a head-chin rest. The same efficiency, reliability and measurement quality as the current static HS sensor were found but with much higher acquisition speed and comfort for the patients. This instrument has the potential to facilitate and improve future research on the peripheral optical quality of the eye in large groups of subjects.
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| 18. |
- Jaeken, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral aberrations in the human eye for different wavelengths : off-axis chromatic aberration
- 2011
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Ingår i: Optical Society of America. Journal A. - 1084-7529 .- 1520-8532. ; 28:9, s. 1871-1879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in the eye's off-axis aberrations has increased strongly. On-axis the conversion of the aberration magnitude between different wavelengths is well known. We verified if this compensation is correct also for off-axis measurements by building a wavelength tunable peripheral Hartmann-Shack sensor and measuring 11 subjects out to +/- 30 degrees in the horizontal visual field. At the fovea, an average longitudinal chromatic aberration of 1D between red (671 nm) and blue (473 nm) light was found, and it increased slightly with eccentricity (up to 1.2D). A similar trend was measured for astigmatism as a function of wavelength (increase similar to 0.15D). Computational ray tracing in model eyes showed that the origin of the small increase of chromatic aberrations with eccentricity is the change of the oblique power of the refractive surfaces in the eye. Factors related to increase of axial length and refractive index of the eye were found to have a very small influence.
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| 19. |
- Jimenez-Andrade, Juan Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of peripheral galanin receptors : differential effects on nociception
- 2006
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Ingår i: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. - 0091-3057 .- 1873-5177. ; 85:1, s. 273-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous reports suggest a significant role of peripheral galanin (GAL) in pain transmission; however, due to the lack of selective galanin receptor agonists and antagonists, the role of GAL receptors (GalR1-3) in pain transmission remains unclear. In this study, a new agonist, M617, that preferentially binds to GalR1, a GalR2 agonist (AR-M1896), and a GalR2 antagonist (M871) were tested in the periphery to elucidate the role of peripheral GalR1 and GalR2 in nociception. Ipsilateral, but not contralateral, hindpaw injection of M617 reduced capsaicin (CAP)-induced flinching by approximately 50%, suggesting that GalR1 activation produces anti-nociception. This anti-nociceptive effect was blocked by intraplantar injection of the non-selective GalR antagonist M35. In contrast ipsilateral, but not contralateral, intraplantar injection of GalR2 agonist AR-M1896 enhanced the CAP-induced nociception (1.7-fold). The GalR2 antagonist M871 blocked the pro-nociceptive effect of AR-M1896 in a dose-dependent manner. This antagonist had no effect on nociceptive behaviors induced by CAP alone. The data demonstrate that activation of peripheral GalR1 results in anti-nociception but activation of peripheral GalR2 produces pro-nociception. Thus, the use of these pharmacological tools may help to elucidate the contribution of GalR subtypes in nociceptive processing, identifying potential drug targets for the treatment of peripheral pain.
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| 20. |
- Kuteeva, Eugenia, et al.
(författare)
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Differential Role of Galanin Receptors in the Regulation of Depression-Like Behavior and Monoamine/Stress-Related Genes at the Cell Body Level
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-133X .- 1740-634X. ; 33:11, s. 2573-2585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study on rat examined the role of galanin receptor subtypes in regulation of depression-like behavior as well as potential molecular mechanisms involved in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe (DR). The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of galanin or galanin receptor GalR1- and GalR2-selective ligands was studied in the forced swim test, followed by quantitative in situ hybridization studies. Naive control, non-treated (swim control), saline-and fluoxetine-treated rats were used as controls in the behavioral and in situ hybridization studies. Subchronic treatment with fluoxetine reduced immobility and climbing time. Intracerebroventricular infusion of galanin, the GalR1 agonist M617 or the GalR2 antagonist M871 increased, while the GalR2(R3) agonist AR-M1896 decreased, immobility time compared to the aCSF-treated animals. Galanin also decreased the time of climbing. Galanin mRNA levels were upregulated by the combination of injection + swim stress in the saline-and the fluoxetine-treated groups in the LC, but not in the DR. Also tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the LC were increased following injection + swim stress in the saline-and fluoxetine-treated rats. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and serotonin transporter mRNAs were not significantly affected by any treatment. 5-HT(1A) mRNA levels were downregulated following i.c.v. galanin, M617 or AR-M1896 infusion. These results indicate a differential role of galanin receptor subtypes in depression-like behavior in rodents: GalR1 subtype may mediate 'prodepressive' and GalR2 'antidepressant' effects of galanin. Galanin has a role in behavioral adaptation to stressful events involving changes of molecules important for noradrenaline and/or serotonin transmission.
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| 21. |
- Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan, et al.
(författare)
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Vision Science and Ophthalmic Optics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern Optics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0340 .- 1362-3044. ; 58:19-20, s. 1679-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Lewis, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast sensitivity in eyes with central scotoma : effect of stimulus drift
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optometry and Vision Science. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1040-5488 .- 1538-9235. ; 95:4, s. 354-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SignificanceIn the field of visual rehabilitation of patients with central visual field loss, knowledge on how peripheral visual function can be improved is essential. This study presents measurements of peripheral dynamic contrast sensitivity (with optical correction) for off-axis viewing angles in subjects with central visual field loss.PurposeSubjects with central visual field loss (CFL) rely on a peripheral preferred retinal locus (PRL) for many visual tasks. It is therefore important to ascertain that contrast sensitivity (CS) is maximized in the PRL. This study evaluates the effect of stimulus motion, in combination with optical correction, on CS in subjects with CFL.MethodsThe off-axis refractive errors in the PRL of five young CFL subjects were measured with a COAS open-view Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. Low-contrast (25% and 10%) and high-contrast resolution acuity for stationary gratings was assessed with and without optical correction. High-contrast resolution was also measured for gratings drifting at 7.5 Hz (within a fixed Gaussian window). Furthermore, resolution CS was evaluated for both stationary and moving gratings with optical correction for a total of 2-3 spatial frequencies per subject.ResultsHigh-contrast resolution acuity was relatively insensitive to stimulus drift motion of 7.5 Hz, whereas CS for gratings of 0.5 cycles per degree improved with drift for all subjects. Furthermore, both high- and low-contrast static resolution improved with optical correction.Conclusions Just as for heathy eyes, stimulus motion of 7.5 Hz enhances CS for gratings of low spatial frequency also in the PRL of eyes with CFL. Concurrently, high contrast resolution is unaffected by the 7.5 Hz drift, but improves with off-axis optical correction. This highlights the importance of providing optimal refractive correction for subjects with CFL, and that stimulus motion can be used to further enhance CS at low spatial frequencies.
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| 23. |
- Lewis, Peter, 1971-
(författare)
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Improving Peripheral Vision Through Optical Correction and Stimulus Motion
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The loss of central vision subsequent to macular disease is often extremely debilitating. People with central field loss (CFL) must use other peripheral areas of the retina in order to see; areas with inferior resolution capacity, which are also affected by off-axis optical errors. The overall aim of the work encompassed by this thesis was to identify and evaluate methods of improving vision for people with CFL; with focus on the effects of off-axis optical correction and stimulus motion on resolution acuity and contrast sensitivity.Off-axis optical errors were measured using a commercially-available COAS-HD VR open-view aberrometer. We used adaptive psychophysical methods to evaluate grating resolution acuity and contrast sensitivity in the peripheral visual field; drifting gratings were employed to measure the effect of motion on these two measures of visual performance. The effect of sphero-cylindrical correction and stimulus motion on visual performance in healthy eyes and in subjects with CFL was also studied; in addition, the effect of adaptive optics aberration correction was examined in one subject with CFL.The COAS-HD aberrometer provided rapid and reliable measurements of off-axis refractive errors. Correction of these errors gave improvements in low-contrast resolution acuity in subjects with higher amounts of oblique astigmatism. Optical correction also improved high-contrast resolution acuity in most subjects with CFL, but not for healthy subjects. Adaptive optics correction improved both high and low contrast resolution acuity in the preferred retinal locus of a subject with CFL. The effect of stimulus motion depended on spatial frequency; motion of 7.5 Hz improved contrast sensitivity for stimuli of low spatial frequency in healthy and CFL subjects. Motion of 15 Hz had little effect on contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequency but resulted in reduced contrast sensitivity for higher spatial frequencies in healthy subjects. Finally, high-contrast resolution acuity was relatively insensitive to stimulus motion in the periphery.This thesis has served to broaden the knowledge regarding peripheral optical errors, stimulus motion and their effects on visual function, both in healthy subjects and in people with CFL. Overall it has shown that correction of off-axis refractive errors is important for optimizing peripheral vision in subjects with CFL; the use of an open-view aberrometer simplifies the determination of these errors. In addition, moderate stimulus motion can have a beneficial effect on contrast sensitivity for objects of predominantly low spatial frequency.
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| 24. |
- Lewis, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively Determined Refraction Improves Peripheral Vision
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optometry and Vision Science. - 1040-5488 .- 1538-9235. ; 91:7, s. 740-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The purpose of this study was twofold: to verify a fast, clinically applicable method for determining off-axis refraction and to assess the impact of objectively obtained off-axis refractive correction on peripheral low-contrast visual acuity. Methods. We measured peripheral low-contrast resolution acuity with Gabor patches both with and without off-axis correction at 20 degrees in the nasal visual field of 10 emmetropic subjects; the correction was obtained using a commercial open-field Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, the COAS-HD VR aberrometer. Off-axis refractive errors were calculated for a 5-mm circular pupil inscribed within the elliptical wavefront by COAS using the instruments' inbuilt "Seidel sphere" method. Results. Most of the subjects had simple myopic astigmatism, at 20 degrees in the nasal visual field ranging from -1.00 to -2.00 DC, with axis orientations generally near 90 degrees. The mean uncorrected and corrected low-contrast resolution acuities for all subjects were 0.92 and 0.86 logMAR, respectively (an improvement of 0.06 logMAR). For subjects with a scalar power refractive error of 1.00 diopters or more, the average improvement was 0.1 logMAR. The observed changes in low-contrast resolution acuity were strongly correlated with off-axis astigmatism (Pearson r = 0.95; p < 0.0001), the J(180) cross-cylinder component (Pearson r = 0.82; p = 0.0034), and power scalar (Pearson r = -0.75; p = 0.0126). Conclusions. The results suggest that there are definite benefits in correcting even moderate amounts of off-axis refractive errors; in this study, as little as -1.50 DC of off-axis astigmatism gave improvements of up to a line in visual acuity. It may be even more pertinent for people who rely on optimal peripheral visual function, specifically those with central visual field loss; the use of open-field aberrometers could be clinically useful in rapidly determining off-axis refractive errors specifically for this patient group who are generally more challenging to refract.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Lundahl, Lisbeth, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Setting things right? : Swedish upper secondary school reform in a 40-year perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Education. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - 0141-8211 .- 1465-3435. ; 45:1, s. 49-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses reforms addressing and affecting the curriculum and organisation of Swedish upper secondary education over 40 years, up to an initiative by the present non-socialist government. The aim is to analyse the current reform of upper secondary education and relate it to previous reforms during a 40-year period in terms of continuity and breaks, mainly with regard to major functions of the reforms and the structuring and control of educational contents. Aiming to create a sharper division of students into three separate streams (academic and vocational education, and apprenticeship training), the reform constitutes a major break with the previously dominant trend towards greater integration. It is argued that it will result in a restriction and reformulation of the knowledge which is regarded as desirable. Similar moves are evident in relation to teacher education, which, if enacted, would involve moving from a model of high flexibility and a common core of knowledge to substantially stronger divisions between contents and programmes.
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| 28. |
- Lundström, Anna, 1982-
(författare)
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Betydelsen av kön och ålder i äldreomsorgen : om standardiserade biståndsutredningar och dess diskurser
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study is to explore how social categories, with focus on genderand age, is constructed in the social documentation which is a central part ofthe officially arranged elderly care in Sweden. The analysis consists of a discourseanalysis and has a standpoint in feminist theories about performativityand respectability. The analysis consists of a text analysis of case files and howdiscourses about social categories emerge in the texts. The case files are writtenin a standardized form which is central to the structure of the documentation.The study examines the following questions 1) how is the users of elderlycare and their relatives positioned through the discourse that emerges in thecase files? 2) how is the discourse in the case files a part of doing gender andage as social categories?The study shows that the case files are reproducing stereotyped gender rolesand positions “the elderly” by differencing them from other adults throughconceptions about characteristics and (the lack of) abilities. Women’s andmen’s needs are described differently whereas abilities and strategies areprominent in the women’s case files. The respectable narrative emerges in thedescription of women wanting to perform some of the workload which is absentin case files about men. The moral responsibility of relatives is reinforcedby the description about their care work or the absence of it. Male relatives arementioned in the case files prominently in the lack of female relatives. In thisway both masculinity and femininity are constructed through the implied valuesthat is attributed men versus women in the texts. A clear medical discourseemerges in the needs assessments. The assessment texts reformulate the descriptionsof needs and they are instead formulated as facts which reinforcethe medical discourse. In final, this study shows that users of elderly care andABSTRACT10their relatives are positioned from both gender and age and that these categoriesare integrated with each other. I draw the conclusion that age is a usefulcomplement to the theory of respectability and its importance in the narrativeof expression and assessment of a person’s needs.
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| 29. |
- Lundström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Resultat från projektet PRoF : den vattenburna trafikens potentiella roll och funktion
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av postrar från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett transporteffektivt samhälle kännetecknas av kortare fysiska och mentala avstånd med effektiva resursflöden där vi människor inte behöver transportera oss eller de varor och tjänster vi konsumerar i lika stor utsträckning som idag. Ett transporteffektivt samhälle kännetecknas även av att det är tillgängligt och jämlikt för alla människor. Syftet med projektet: att ta fram nya kunskapsunderlag för värdering av den vattenburna kollektivtrafikens potentiella roll och funktion i det transporteffektiva samhället. Det handlar om att reda ut vad som saknas för att färjorna ska betraktas som ett lika relevant verktyg i transportsektorns verktygslåda som landbaserade lösningar.
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| 30. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of dehydration rates on anhydrobiotic survival and trehalose levels in tardigrades
- 2006
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Ingår i: Tsunami. - 1651-5803. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The disaccharide trehalose is an important factor in many anhydrobiotic organisms, as it has a strong stabilizing effect on proteins and enzymes under desiccation. Trehalose has the ability to maintain biological structures at low water levels that would otherwise lead to irreversible denaturation. The rate at which anhydrobiotic tardigrades desiccate influence the probability to survive during a dry period, and this has earlier been documented in studies on nematodes. In this study we experimentally evaluated the effect of desiccation rate on trehalose production and anhydrobiotic survival in two tardigrade species, by using different relative humidities in desiccators. In R. coronifer the analysed trehalose level increased significantly with higher relative humidity during desiccation. In M. cf. hufelandi no such increase was observed. The survival increased at higher humidities and the revival rate showed the same pattern. We suggest that total desiccation is necessary before revival at humidities lower than about 70%. The desiccation rate in nature is not well known. Our results show high survival in lower humidities which suggest that the animals are able to cope with a wide range of desiccation rates.
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| 31. |
- Lundström, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nationwide Population Based Study of Infections after Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 192:4, s. 1116-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer but international reports suggest that increasing risks are associated with the procedure. We estimated incidence and risk factors for infection after prostate biopsy as well as 90-day mortality using a nationwide Swedish sample.Material and Methods: We performed a population based study of 51,321 men from PCBaSe between 2006 and 2011. Primary outcome measures were dispensed prescriptions of antibiotics for urinary tract infection and hospitalization with a discharge diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for infection in men who underwent prostate biopsy.Results: During the 6 months before biopsy the background incidence of urinary tract infection was approximately 2%. Within 30 days after biopsy 6% of the men had a dispensed prescription for urinary tract antibiotics and 1% were hospitalized with infection. The strongest risk factors for an antibiotic prescription were prior infection (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.45-1.73), high Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.41) and diabetes (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17-1.49). Risk of an antibiotic prescription after biopsy decreased from 2006 to 2011 (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.90) but the risk of hospital admission increased (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.58-2.94). No significant increase was observed in 90-day mortality.Conclusions: Severe infections with hospitalization after prostate biopsy are increasing in Sweden. The risk of post-biopsy infection is highest in men with a history of urinary tract infection and those with significant comorbidities.
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| 32. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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A galanin receptor subtype 1 specific agonist
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3904 .- 1573-3149. ; 11:1, s. 17-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chimeric peptide M617, galanin(1–13)-Gln14-bradykinin(2–9)amide, is a novel galanin receptor ligand with increased subtype specificity for GalR1 and agonistic activity in cultured cells as well as in vivo. Displacement studies on cell membranes expressing hGalR1 or hGalR2 show the presence of a high affinity binding site for M617 on GalR1 (K i=0.23±.12 nM) while lower affinity was seen towards GalR2 (K i=5.71±1.28 nM) resulting in 25-fold specificity for GalR1. Activation of GalR1 upon stimulation with M617 is further confirmed by internalization of a GalR1-EGFP conjugate. Intracellular signaling studies show the ability of M617 to inhibit forskolin stimulated cAMP formation with 57% and to produce a 5-fold increase in inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation. Agonistic effects on signal transduction are shown on both receptors studied after treatment with M617 in the presence of galanin. In noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons, M617 induces an outward current even in the presence of TTX plus Ca2+, high Mg2+, suggesting a postsynaptic effect. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of M617 dose-dependently stimulates food uptake in rats while, in contrast, M35 completely fails to affect the feeding behavior. Spinal cord flexor reflex is facilitated by intrathecal (i.t.) administration of M617 as well as galanin with no significant change upon pre-treatment with M617. M617 dose dependently antagonizes the spinal cord hyperexcitablility induced by C-fiber conditioning stimulus and does neither enhance nor antagonize the effect of galanin. These data demonstrate a novel galanin receptor ligand with subtype specificity for GalR1 and agonistic activity, both in vitro and in vivo.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of objective and subjective eccentric refraction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Optometry and Vision Science. - 1538-9235 .- 1040-5488. ; 82:4, s. 298-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. When performing perimetry, refracting subjects with central visual field loss, and in emmetropization studies, it is important to accurately measure peripheral refractive errors. Traditional methods for foveal refraction often give uncertain results in eccentric angles as a result of the large aberrations and the reduced retinal function. The aim of this study is therefore to compare and evaluate four methods for eccentric refraction. Methods. Four eccentric methods were tested on 50 healthy subjects: one novel subjective procedure, optimizing the detection contrast sensitivity with different trial lenses, and three objective ones: photorefraction with a PowerRefractor, wavefront measurements with a Hartmann-Shack sensor, and retinoscopy. The peripheral refractive error in the horizontal nasal visual field of the right eye was measured in 20 degrees and 30 degrees. Results. In general, the eccentric refraction methods compared reasonably well. However, the following differences were noted. Retinoscopy showed a significant difference from the other methods in the axis of astigmatism. In 300 eccentric angle, it was not possible to measure 15 of the subjects with the PowerRefractor and the instrument also tended to underestimate high myopia (<-6 D). The Hartmann-Shack sensor showed a myopic shift of approximately 0.5 D in both eccentricities. The subjective method had a relatively larger spread. Conclusions. This study indicates that it is possible to assess the eccentric refraction with all methods. However, the Hartmann-Shack technique was found to be the most useful method. The agreement between the objective methods and the subjective eccentric refraction shows that detection contrast sensitivity in the periphery is affected by relatively small amounts of defocus.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of optical correction and remaining aberrations on peripheral resolution acuity in the human eye
- 2007
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 15:20, s. 12654-12661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinal sampling poses a fundamental limit to resolution acuity in the periphery. However, reduced image quality from optical aberrations may also influence peripheral resolution. In this study, we investigate the impact of different degrees of optical correction on acuity in the periphery. We used an adaptive optics system to measure and modify the off-axis aberrations of the right eye of six normal subjects at 20 degrees eccentricity. The system consists of a Hartmann-Shack sensor, a deformable mirror, and a channel for visual testing. Four different optical corrections were tested, ranging from foveal sphero-cylindrical correction to full correction of eccentric low- and high-order monochromatic aberrations. High-contrast visual acuity was measured in green light using a forced choice procedure with Landolt C's, viewed via the deformable mirror through a 4.8-mm artificial pupil. The Zernike terms mainly induced by eccentricity were defocus and with- and against-the-rule astigmatism and each correction condition was successfully implemented. On average, resolution decimal visual acuity improved from 0.057 to 0.061 as the total root-mean-square wavefront error changed from 1.01 mu m to 0.05 mu m. However, this small tendency of improvement in visual acuity with correction was not significant. The results suggest that for our experimental conditions and subjects, the resolution acuity in the periphery cannot be improved with optical correction.
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| 37. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Important pharmacophores for binding to galanin receptor 2
- 2005
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 39:3, s. 169-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galanin(2–11) has been introduced as a receptor subtype selective ligand for the GalR2 subtype of the galanin receptors, and has gained use in pharmacological studies of galaninergic signaling in the past two years. By introducing l-Ala substitutions in the galanin(2–11) sequence, we have examined the amino acid residues which are of importance for binding to the GalR2 receptor. Our study shows that Trp2, Asn5, Gly8 and Tyr9 are of great importance for high affinity binding. When placed in an α-helical conformation, the side chains of these residues are, with the exception of Tyr9, displayed on the same “side” of the peptide. This information is useful in the rational design of non-peptide type GalR2 receptor ligands.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring peripheral wavefront aberrations in subjects with large central visual field loss
- 2004
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Ingår i: OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES XIV. - BELLINGHAM : SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. - 081945222X ; , s. 209-219
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study we have shown that correction of peripheral refractive errors can improve the remaining vision in the preferred retinal location (PRL) of subjects with large central visual field loss (CFL). Measuring peripheral refractive errors with traditional methods is often difficult due to the low visual acuity and large aberrations. Therefore a Hartmann-Shack (HS) sensor has been designed to measure peripheral wavefront aberrations in CFL subjects. Method: The HS sensor incorporates an eyetracker and analyzing software designed to handle large wavefront aberrations. To ensure that the measurement axis is aligned with the subject's PRL, a special fixation target has been developed. It consists of concentric rings surrounding the aperture of the HS together with a central fixation mark along the measurement axis. Results: Some initial measurements on subjects with CFL have been performed successfully. As a first step in improving the peripheral optics of the eye, the wavefront data have been used to calculate the subject's optimal eccentric refraction. Conclusion: Measuring the wavefront aberrations is a fast and easy way to assess the details of the optics in subjects with CFL. The wavefront data can then be used to better understand the problems of eccentric correction.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular characterization of the ligand binding site of the human galanin receptor type 2, identifying subtype selective interactions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 103:5, s. 1774-1784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To define the specific role of the galanin receptors when mediating the effect of galanin, effective tools for distinct activation and inhibition of the different receptor subtypes are required. Several of the physiological effects modulated by galanin are implicated to be mediated via the GalR2 subtype and have been distinguished from GalR1 effects by utilizing the Gal(2–11) peptide, recognizing only GalR2 and GalR3. In this study, we have performed a mutagenesis approach on the GalR2 subtype and present, for the first time, a molecular characterization of the interactions responsible for ligand binding and receptor activation at this receptor subtype. Our results identify four residues, His252 and His253 located in transmembrane domain 6 and Phe264 and Tyr271 in the extracellular loop 3, to be of great significance. We show evidence for the N-terminal tail of GalR2 to participate in ligand binding and that selective binding of Gal(2–11) includes interaction with the Ile256 residue, located at the very top of TM 6. In conclusion, we present a mutagenesis study on GalR2 and confer interactions responsible for ligand binding and receptor activation as well as selective recognition of the Gal(2–11) peptide at this receptor subtype. The presented observations could be of major importance for the design and development of new and improved peptide and non-peptide ligands, selectively activating the GalR2 subtype.
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| 43. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Off-axis wave front measurements for optical correction in eccentric viewing
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous study we have shown that correction of peripheral refractive errors can improve the remaining vision of subjects with large central visual field loss. Measuring peripheral refractive errors with traditional methods is often difficult due to low visual acuity and large aberrations. Therefore a Hartmann-Shack sensor has been designed to measure peripheral wave front aberrations in subjects using eccentric viewing. The sensor incorporates an eye tracker and analyzing software designed to handle large wave front aberrations and elliptic pupils. To ensure that the measurement axis is aligned with the direction of the subject's preferred retinal location, a special fixation target has been developed. It consists of concentric rings surrounding the aperture of the sensor together with a central fixation mark along the measurement axis. Some initial measurements on subjects using eccentric viewing have been performed successfully. As a first step in improving the peripheral optics of the eye, the wave front has been used to calculate the eccentric refraction. This refraction has been compared to the refraction found with the Power-Refractor instrument. Measuring the off-axis wave front is a fast way to assess the optical errors in the subject's eccentric viewing angle and to better understand the problems of eccentric correction.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral aberrations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Handbook of Visual Optics, Volume One: Fundamentals and Eye Optics. - Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2017] : CRC Press. - 9781482237863 - 9781482237856 ; , s. 313-335
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The schematic of Figure 21.1 is highly simplified, assuming spherical and aligned surfaces. Nevertheless, it demonstrates two important facts regarding the optical errors of the human eye: that the blur increases with the off-axis angle to the object and that it depends on the size of the pupil. For instance, spherical aberration has a cubic dependence on pupil size and coma has a quadratic dependence, whereas TCA is independent. To exemplify, Figure 21.2 shows the variation in monochromatic image quality over the visual field measured for one subject. The following paragraphs will briefly explain the origin of the four largest peripheral aberrations, namely, astigmatism, field curvature, coma, and TCA.
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| 46. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral optical errors and hazard perception
- 2021
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 62:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral optical errors and their change with accommodation differ between emmetropic and myopic eyes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Vision. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1534-7362. ; 9:6, s. 17-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The progression of myopia is thought to be controlled by the retinal image quality, but its triggering factors are not yet well known. The differences between the peripheral optics in emmetropic and myopic eyes might explain why some eyes become myopic. The present study further investigates peripheral optical quality and how it is affected by accommodation. The refraction and aberrations of the right eyes of five emmetropes and five myopes were measured using a laboratory Hartmann-Shack wave front sensor, specially designed for peripheral measurements with an open field of view. The off-axis optical quality was assessed in steps of 10 degrees out to +/- 40 degrees horizontally and +/- 20 degrees vertically for two different states of accommodation (targets at 0.5 D and 4.0 D). As expected, the emmetropes had a higher relative peripheral myopia, that is, more positive c(2)(0) coefficient, than the myopes. The new results of this study are that this well-known difference was found to be asymmetric over the visual field and that it increased with accommodation. This increase was because the relative peripheral defocus profile of the myopes did not show a consistent change between far and near vision, whereas the emmetropes became relatively more myopic in the periphery with accommodation. These findings may indicate a difference between emmetropic and myopic eyes that could be an important clue to understand myopia progression.
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| 48. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Population distribution of wavefront aberrations in the peripheral human eye
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optical Society of America. Journal A. - 1084-7529 .- 1520-8532. ; 26:10, s. 2192-2198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a population study of peripheral wavefront aberrations in large off-axis angles in terms of Zernike coefficients. A laboratory Hartmann-Shack sensor was used to assess the aberrations in 0 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees in the nasal visual field of 43 normal eyes. The elliptical pupil meant that the quantification could be done in different ways. The three approaches used were (1) over a circular aperture encircling the pupil, (2) over a stretched version of the elliptical pupil, and (3) over a circular aperture within the pupil (MATLAB conversion code given). Astigmatism (c(2)(2)) increased quadratically and coma (c(3)(1)) linearly with the horizontal viewing angle, whereas spherical aberration (c(4)(0)) decreased slightly toward the periphery. There was no correlation between defocus and angle, although some trends were found when the subjects were divided into groups depending on refractive error. When comparing results of different studies it has to be kept in mind that the coefficients differ depending on how the elliptical pupil is taken into consideration.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lundström, Linda, 1977-
(författare)
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Subtype selective activation and molecular characterization of galanin receptors
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Showing an extensive distribution in the nervous system, and often in co-localization with the classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides are functioning as important modulators of neuronal signaling. Subsequently, compelling evidence has implicated a modulatory role for the neuropeptide galanin in several physiological functions. The effect of galanin is trancduced intracellularly by three different receptors, and defining the explicit effect from these receptor subtypes is of outmost interest, and likely to result in future therapeutic utilization of the galanin system. The main aim of this thesis was to improve the development of subtype selective ligands utilized to differentiate between the galanin receptor subtypes. To achieve this, we have designed and developed novel galanin receptor ligands and characterized the molecular interactions necessary for ligand bindig at the GalR2 subtype. The major findings include the introduction and characterization of two galanin receptor ligands, selectively activating GalR1 or inhibiting GalR2. Although having moderate selectivity, the two ligands have been utilized in a number of studies, pursuing their initial presentation, in order to differentiate between the galanin receptors and to establish their specific function. Further optimization is likely to improve the selectivity and utilization of these ligands. By identifying the major pharmacophores in the Gal(2-11) ligand and the residues in the GalR2 subtype participating in ligand binding, we have been able to characterize the binding site in this receptor subtype and interactions that are of significance for recognition of subtype specific ligands. Together, these findings on GalR2 and Gal(2-11) are of importance for future design of ligands acting on this receptor.
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