| 1. |
- Ahmed, Niaz, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus statements and recommendations from the ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference, Stockholm 11-13 November 2018.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Stroke Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881. ; 4:4, s. 307-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the European Stroke Organisation-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference is to provide updates on recent stroke therapy research and to give an opportunity for the participants to discuss how these results may be implemented into clinical routine. The meeting started 22 years ago as Karolinska Stroke Update, but since 2014 it is a joint conference with European Stroke Organisation. Importantly, it provides a platform for discussion on the European Stroke Organisation guidelines process and on recommendations to the European Stroke Organisation guidelines committee on specific topics. By this, it adds a direct influence from stroke professionals otherwise not involved in committees and work groups on the guideline procedure. The discussions at the conference may also inspire new guidelines when motivated. The topics raised at the meeting are selected by the scientific programme committee mainly based on recent important scientific publications. This year's European Stroke Organisation-Karolinska Stroke Update Meeting was held in Stockholm on 11-13 November 2018. There were 11 scientific sessions discussed in the meeting including two short sessions. Each session except the short sessions produced a consensus statement (Full version with background, issues, conclusions and references are published as web-material and at www.eso-karolinska.org and http://eso-stroke.org) and recommendations which were prepared by a writing committee consisting of session chair(s), scientific secretary and speakers. These statements were presented to the 250 participants of the meeting. In the open meeting, general participants commented on the consensus statement and recommendations and the final document were adjusted based on the discussion from the general participants Recommendations (grade of evidence) were graded according to the 1998 Karolinska Stroke Update meeting with regard to the strength of evidence. Grade A Evidence: Strong support from randomised controlled trials and statistical reviews (at least one randomised controlled trial plus one statistical review). Grade B Evidence: Support from randomised controlled trials and statistical reviews (one randomised controlled trial or one statistical review). Grade C Evidence: No reasonable support from randomised controlled trials, recommendations based on small randomised and/or non-randomised controlled trials evidence.
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| 2. |
- Alfredsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Funktionskriterier för vägkonstruktioner : Förstudie
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det projekt som här rapporteras har som syfte att identifiera och beskriva de svårigheter och möjligheter som totalentreprenader medför, respektive erbjuder, för alla parter. Målet är att utveckla totalentreprenader på ett sådant sätt att branschens effektivitet ökas. Denna rapport är en förstudie där det studerats vilka krav som byggherren ska ställa på utföraren av en vägkonstruktion i en totalentreprenad med funktionsansvar och hur utföraren ska verifiera kraven. Arbetet har genomförts med medlemmar från olika aktörer i branschen och omfattat främst litteraturstudier och intervjuer. Kunskaper och erfarenheter har sammanställts och analyserats för att slutligen kondenseras ned till ett antal förslag till fortsatt arbete.Förstudien har pekat ut ett antal områden som viktiga för att påskynda framtida utveckling av totalentreprenader:Terminologi – idag råder viss begreppsförvirringAnalys av funktionella krav i tidigare projektTrafikantkravMiljökravUtveckling av funktionella krav i samverkanVäghållarekonomiRegelbetingade begränsningar av funktionella kravUppföljning och underlättande av erfarenhetsackumuleringImplementering av nya mått och mätmetoder
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| 3. |
- Ekblad, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Impact on rutting from introduction of increased axle loads in Finland
- 2020
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Ingår i: The international journal of pavement engineering. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1029-8436 .- 1477-268X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2013, Finland introduced legislation increasing gross vehicle weights (GVW) on a number of trucks. Since the actual impact on road damage is nearly impossible to quantify in advance, the present analysis of road surface measurements is intended to provide knowledge regarding the impact on road damage. Rutting is influenced by many conflated phenomena. To indicate and capture the effect on road damage due to the new maximum GVW for certain truck- and trailer combinations, the analysis follows two different but mutually supporting lines of reasoning, empirical and theoretical, respectively. Analysis of measured rut depth is supported by theoretical calculations. Theoretical findings clearly indicate that the relative increase in road damage induced by higher GVW is larger than the increase in relative payload capacity. There was a rapid fleet shift towards heavier trucks after 2013, and statistical (empirical) analysis of road surface measurements shows an increase in rutting after this introduction.
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| 4. |
- Lundström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue modeling as related to flexible pavement design - State of the art
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 8:2, s. 165-205
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A literature study of rheological and fatigue modeling of asphalt mixtures is presented. Theoretical aspects on structural modeling, rheological behavior and the fatigue integration in design procedures are reviewed In principle, pavement design methods can be categorized in three broad groups: empirical, semi-mechanistic and fully mechanistic methods. Pavement design is generally performed using semi-mechanistic methods comprising analytical or numerical structural response models and deterioration modeling based on transfer functions and shift factors. In the case of fatigue deterioration, several approaches have been elaborated e.g. classical models, fracture mechanics and damage mechanics. The approaches differ regarding theoretical foundation and evaluation methods used. Recognizing significant limitations concerning theoretical basis as well as lack of empirical support for current design methods, a shift in paradigm from semi-empirical methods towards more advanced fully mechanistic methods have been initiated. According to this approach, improved pavements are achieved by appropriate design methods which are capable of predicting fatigue resistance in the actual pavement environment, and thus taking into account complex stress conditions, influence of temperature and material characteristics, such as aging and healing.
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| 5. |
- Lundström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of pavement materials on field performance : Evaluation of rutting on flexible semi-rigid and rigid test sections after 7 years of service
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 10:4, s. 689-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results obtained so far from a Swedish full-scale test, comprising in total 19 different rigid, semi-rigid and flexible test stretches. The purpose is to compare rutting performance of the different pavement categories and types using extensive laboratory tests and field measurements after seven years of trafficking. The rigid pavements withstand rutting better than the two other pavement categories due to comparably small abrasion and negligible permanent deformation. The semi-rigid pavements show less rutting than the flexible pavements, which primarily is the result of the negligible permanent deformation in the cement bound layers. Even though the rigid pavements show very small rutting, it is probably not the main distress type and the primary trigger for maintenance activities for this pavement type. In the case of semi-flexible and flexible pavements, both laboratory tests and field measurements indicate that significantly improved rutting performance can be obtained using appropriate asphalt mixtures manufactured using wear-resistant aggregates and stiff binder.
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| 6. |
- Tran, Thuy, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Nanoplasmonic Sensor for IgG Monitoring in Bioproduction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time monitoring of product titers during process development and production of biotherapeutics facilitate implementation of quality-by-design principles and enable rapid bioprocess decision and optimization of the production process. Conventional analytical methods are generally performed offline/at-line and, therefore, are not capable of generating real-time data. In this study, a novel fiber optical nanoplasmonic sensor technology was explored for rapid IgG titer measurements. The sensor combines localized surface plasmon resonance transduction and robust single use Protein A-modified sensor chips, housed in a flexible flow cell, for specific IgG detection. The sensor requires small sample volumes (1-150 mu L) and shows a reproducibility and sensitivity comparable to Protein G high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). The dynamic range of the sensor system can be tuned by varying the sample volume, which enables quantification of IgG samples ranging from 0.0015 to 10 mg/mL, without need for sample dilution. The sensor shows limited interference from the sample matrix and negligible unspecific protein binding. IgG titers can be rapidly determined in samples from filtered unpurified Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures and show good correlation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Auer, Renate, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the Signs of H-1(alpha) Chemical Shift Differences Between Ground and Excited Protein States by Off-Resonance Spin-Lock R-1 rho NMR Spectroscopy
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 131:31, s. 10832-10833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion NMR profiles provides the kinetics and thermodynamics of millisecond-time-scale exchange processes involving the interconversion of populated ground and invisible excited states. In addition, the absolute values of chemical, shift differences between NMR probes in the exchanging states, vertical bar Delta(pi)vertical bar, are also extracted. Herein, we present a simple experiment for obtaining the sign of H-1(alpha) Delta(pi) values by measuring off-resonance H-1(alpha) decay rates, R-1 rho, using weak proton spin-lock fields. A pair of R-1 rho values is measured with a spin-lock field applied vertical bar Delta omega vertical bar downfield and upfield of the major-state peak. In many cases, these two relaxation rates differ substantially, with the larger one corresponding to the case where the spin-lock field coincides with the resonance frequency of the probe in the minor state. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated first on a system involving protein ligand exchange and subsequently on an SH3 domain exchanging between a folded state and its on-pathway folding intermediate. With this experiment, it thus becomes possible to determine H-1(alpha) chemical shifts of the invisible excited state, which can be used as powerful restraints in defining the structural properties of these elusive conformers.
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| 11. |
- Baldwin, Jessie R., et al.
(författare)
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health : A Genetically Informed Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 51:6, s. 691-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have an elevated risk of mental health problems, but it is unclear whether these associations reflect genetic confounding. We tested (1) whether children with genetic liability to psychopathology are more likely to experience ACEs, and (2) the extent to which the associations between ACEs and mental health are genetically confounded. Par-ticipants were 6411 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). ACEs (including maltreatment, domestic violence, and parental psychopathology, substance abuse, criminality, and separation) were prospectively measured through parent reports at multiple assessments between birth and age 9. Internalizing and externalizing problems at age 9 were assessed through parent reports on the Development and Wellbeing Assessment. We derived polygenic scores for a range of psychiatric disorders. Children with greater genetic liability to psychopathology had a small elevation in risk of ACEs (pooled odds ratio = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09). Measured polygenic scores accounted for a very small proportion of the associations between ACEs with internalizing problems (pooled average across ACEs = 3.6%) and externalizing problems (pooled average = 4.8%). However, latent polygenic scores capturing SNP heritability in mental health outcomes explained a larger proportion of the associations between ACEs with internalizing problems (pooled average = 63%) and externalizing problems (pooled average = 17%). Risk of mental health problems in children exposed to ACEs is partly, but not completely driven by pre-existing genetic liability to psychopathology. Assuming the absence of nongenetic confounding, these findings are consistent with a partly causal effect of ACEs on mental health.
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| 12. |
- Bjorklund, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic optimization of experimental conditions for fast evaluation of diagnostic tests using ubiquitous instrumentation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 134:1, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid quantitative determinations of creatinine, potassium and glucose, all important parameters in routine medical diagnostics, are demonstrated using a computer screen photo-assisted technique (CSPT). CSPT uses regular computer screens as light sources and web cameras as imaging detectors for supporting optical evaluations of diverse character. The ubiquity and versatility of the setup, makes CSPT an attractive candidate for point of care determinations. A robust procedure for the automatic selection of experimental conditions in CSPT evaluation, including camera channels and illuminating colors that minimize the measuring time up to 5 times is described. The method utilizes the correlation between experimental conditions and classification scores, obtained under a generic 50 color training session, to extract measuring sequences as short as 9 s. The extracted measuring conditions automatically adapted to the different tests provided a general, practical and fast approach for CSPT optimization in real scenarios. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bjorklund, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Photodesorption of fulvic acid from iron oxide surfaces into aqueous solutions
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 174:2, s. 166-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodesorption of thin films of fulvic acid adsorbed on planar iron oxide surfaces was monitored by ellipsometry. Description was first observed at 546 nm, and additional fractions of the adsorbed acid left the surfaces at 405 and 365 nm Similar kinetics for photodesorption was observed from metallic iron films and from porous iron oxide prepared electrochemically by deposition on porous silicon substrates. Soluble photoproducts leaving the surface H ere monitored by UV absorbance spectroscopy at 200 nm Gaseous products were not detected by mass spectrometry but the results seemed to indicate that net all of the photoproducts entered the liquid phase. Of the metal films tested which adsorbed fulvic acid from aqueous solution (Fe. Cr, Ni, Al, and Pt), it was only iron which exhibited a photodesorption effect. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Det inkluderande, hållbara och uppkopplade samhället : Nulägesanalys
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Södertälje kommun har höga ambitioner att drastiskt sänka sin klimatpåverkan och har målet att inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser år 2030. För att nå dessa mål spelar avfallssektorn i Södertälje kommun en avgörande roll, vilket också innebär ett behov av större involvering och ett större engagemang från medborgare och företag. Som en del i det arbetet skapades projektet Det inkluderande, hållbara och uppkopplade samhället. Projektet är ett samarbete mellan Södertälje kommun, Telge Återvinning, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden och Umeå Universitet och avser att undersöka hur IoT-genererad data kan ha dubbel nytta i att både skapa externt medborgarvärde och internt organisatoriskt värde i Södertälje kommuns omställning till en hållbar stad. Denna rapport inkluderar en nulägesanalys över tre tematiserade områden; digitalisering, livscykelanalys (LCA), och medborgardialog. Södertälje kommun har tillsammans med Telge Nät byggt upp ett så kallat LoRaWAN (ett trådlöst nätverk med dubbelriktad kommunikation) i Södertälje för att underlätta kommunikation mellan sensorer i uppkopplade enheter. 169 papperskorgar har också försetts med sensorer som mäter fyllnadsgrad, vilket genererat ett proof-of-concept för hur uppkopplad utrustning kan möjliggöra ruttoptimering och placeringsplanering. Att koppla upp en papperskorg innebär i praktiken att man fäster en sensor i locket på befintliga kärl. Denna sensor känner sedan av fyllnadsgraden i papperskorgens plastpåse med jämna mellanrum. Initiativet kring uppkopplade papperskorgar har medfört inlärning på flera nivåer – såväl utvecklarna som utformar sensorerna, som medarbetarna som förlitar sig på dem, har behövt tänka i nya banor och ompröva invanda arbetssätt. Värt att notera är att personalen behöver besöka samtliga områden där papperskorgar finns trots sensortekniken i och med att deras arbetsuppgifter även inkluderar renhållning av gator och vård av grönytor. Det vill säga, det föreligger i nuläget inte en kvantitativ ekonomisk vinst utan snarare en kvalitativ nytta i form av en potentiellt renare stad. Bland de system som Södertälje kommun använder ses två som särskilt intressanta i relation till Sakernas Internet enligt denna nulägesanalys. På en operativ nivå har Infracontrol potential att anta rollen som ”spindeln i nätet” där status på uppkopplad utrustning kan hanteras. På en strategisk nivå erbjuder verktyget Maptionnaire möjligheter att aggregera, analysera, och presentera data från uppkopplad utrustning. För att realisera potentialen hos dessa (och andra) verktyg krävs dock att Södertälje kommun ställer nya krav och utarbetar nya rutiner vid upphandling då kostnaderna för att integrera uppkopplad utrustning annars skulle bli ohållbar. En LCA har genomförts för att utvärdera miljöpåverkan från Internet of Things (IoT) systemet i Södertälje centrum för smart sophämtning ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Med koppling till kommunens klimatstrategi har miljöpåverkan med fokus på klimatpåverkan prioriterats. Den visar att IoT-systemet enbart utgör en liten del av klimatpåverkan (122 kg CO2 eq per år), vilket främst härrör från gateways (50%) och sensorer (27%) och användning av Internet (23%). Sophämtningen bidrar med cirka 12 ton CO2 eq per år, vilket främst bidrog till användningen av fossilbaserade avfallspåsar i plast (96%) och HVO-baserade transporter (4%). Vidare visar LCAn att potential för framtida klimatsmart sophämtningssystemet ligger inom minskad användning av fossila plastpåsar och smart planering av sophämtning för att reducera transporter. Södertälje har redan minskat sin klimatpåverkan från transporter (under 2016) genom byte från diesel till HVO. För ett system med 160 papperskorgar (studiens utgångspunkt) innebar detta 83% minskning, från 2,3 ton till 380 kg. Enbart två ton av denna minskning härrör från fossilfria transporter (resp. 8,75 ton för ett möjligt framtida system med 700 papperskorgar). Dock visar resultaten att ännu mer klimatpåverkan kan minskas genom att inte använda fossila plastpåsar, nästan 12 ton (resp. 50 ton för 700 papperskorgar). Detta motsvara fem resor till Thailand (2,5 ton per resa) eller utsläpp för fyra invånare (2,8 ton per invånare) för året 2030. För ett system med 700 papperskorgar betyder det minst 20 resor till Thailand eller utsläpp för upp till 20 invånare. Vidare har projektet ett fokus på inkludering av medborgare i frågor kring hållbarhet, med syftet att informera, engagera och inkludera medborgare i målet med att uppnå hållbar resurshantering. Medborgardialog kan ske på många olika vis och innebära olika saker. Nulägesanalysen visar att flera olika aktiviteter genomförts på området, och att dessa framförallt kan kopplas till kategorierna ”information” och ”konsultation”, men där också det finns kommande inslag av ”dialog” med till exempel det hackathon som planeras. Från nulägesanalysen noterades dock en möjlighet till utökat fokus på medborgardialog i Södertälje, samt att det finns en medvetenhet om behovet av att inkludera många olika grupper i denna dialog, men det noterades även en utmaning vad gäller inkludering och olika språk. Denna rapport har fokus på nulägesanalys. I och med denna analys går projektet sedan in i en ny fas, med fokus på test och utvärdering av koncept, med ett fortsatt fokus på digitalisering, miljöbedömning och medborgardialog. Ett hackathon, Hack for Södertälje, planeras också på projektets tema: Det inkluderande, hållbara och uppkopplade samhället.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Di Benedetto, H, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue of bituminous mixtures
- 2004
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 37:267, s. 202-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an interlaboratory test campaign organized by the RILEM 182-PEB Technical Committee. In the campaign, 11 different test methods, comprising uniaxial tension/compression, 2-, 3- and 4-point bending and indirect-tension tests, were utilized in order to investigate fatigue characteristics of a dense graded asphalt concrete mixture. The testing conditions specified were sinusoidal excitation at 10Hz and 10degreesC using controlled strain and stress modes. In total, more than 150 fatigue tests were carried out during the investigation. The fatigue test results were analyzed using both classical as well as continuum damage mechanics approaches. The fatigue test results obtained using the classical fatigue approach are considerably influenced by test type and mode of loading (controlled stress or strain) used. Consequently, this approach has limited use in realistic fatigue characterization of bituminous materials and pavement structures. In contrast to the classical approach, models founded on continuum damage theory may serve to isolate intrinsic fatigue characteristics from the influence of so-called biased effects, which are largely caused by the accelerated laboratory testing. The continuum damage models investigated may constitute steps, towards a rational mechanistic fatigue characterization model, which are important for effective future pavement design.
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| 18. |
- Ekblad, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Causes of rutting in flexible and semi-rigid test sections after 14 years of service
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 19:4, s. 878-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rutting is a major distress and is commonly targeted in design-build contracts as a key requirement, but at the same time, contemporary design methods usually provide scarce information on evolution in absolute terms. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyse rutting results from a large full-scale road test. The analyses concerned magnitudes and the causes of rutting with a main focus on flexible and semi-rigid structures: one Reference, one high-performance asphalt (HPA) and one asphalt on a lean concrete (LC) base. Field measurements and sampling for the current study comprised acquiring transversal profiles and coring pavement samples. The results suggest that for the HPA and the LC base pavements, rutting is mainly caused by studded tyre wear and densification of the asphalt layers. For the conventional reference pavement additional rutting, most likely in the lower layers, was noted.
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| 19. |
- Ekblad, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Soft bitumen asphalt produced using RAP
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 50:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft bitumen asphalt concrete is a common paving material in Scandinavia. The purpose of this investigation was to indicate the possibility to compensate for the stiff binder of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) by using softer binders compared to the mix design. Characterization of binder mixing and diffusion were carried out using viscosity measurements and tests on asphalt concrete comprised stiffness modulus and cyclic compression testing. Acquired results suggest that virgin and reclaimed binders mix and the viscosity can be predicted using simple mixing models. In the case of asphalt made from mixing virgin and recycled material, the mechanical properties indicates fully mixed binders and mixing occurs during sample manufacturing. In general, this study suggests that soft asphalt mixtures can be produced using RAP and that nominal binder viscosity of the final product can be obtained by compensating the stiff binder of the RAP by virgin bitumen of a softer grade.
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| 20. |
- Ekblad, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Texturmätning med vägytemätbil, som indikator för beläggningens friktion
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tillräcklig friktion är en viktig egenskap hos en vägyta. Normal friktionsmätning är omständlig och resurskrävande. Vägytans makrotextur mäts varje år för den större delen av vägnätet. Det skulle därför vara effektivt att använda makrotextur som indikator för nedsatt friktion. I denna rapport studeras sambandet mellan makrotextur och friktion.Mätningar utfördes på ett riktat urval av sträckor i Östergötland. Urvalet riktades mot låga makrotextur-värden. På identifierade sträckor mättes friktion (SAAB Friction Tester) och makrotextur (MPD, Mean Profile Depth med vägytemätbil). Makrotextur mättes av 2 olika mätare.Resultaten tyder på att det inte finns något tillräckligt starkt samband mellan friktion och MPD för att användas som indikator. Några generella mönster kan dock skönjas. Låg friktion uppträder främst vid låg makrotextur dock är det samtidigt endast en mycket liten del av sträckor med låga MPD som uppvisar nedsatt friktion.
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Mats, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Drinking water monitoring with voltammetric sensors
- 2011
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 1877-7058. ; 25, s. 1165-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsed voltammetry has been applied to drinking water monitoring. This non-selective technique facilitates detection of several different threats to the drinking water. A multivariate algorithm shows that anomaly detection is possible with a minimum of false alarms. Multivariate analysis can also be used to classify different types of substances added to the drinking water. Low concentrations of sewage water contaminating the drinking water can be detected. A network of such sensors is envisaged to facilitate real-time and on-line monitoring of drinking water distribution networks.
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Event Detection in Crisis Management Systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Procedia Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6196. ; 1:1, s. 1055-1058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EVENT project concerns drinking water surveillance and includes sensors and algorithms that detect anomalies in the drinking water properties, communication of the evaluated sensor data to a crises management system and presentation of information that is relevant for the end users of the crises management system. We have chosen to focus on a sensor technique based on an "electronic tongue", since this robust type of non-selective sensor, can detect a plurality of anomalies without the need of a specific sensor for each type of event. Measurements of natural variations and contamination events are presented and discussed.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Therese, 1979-
(författare)
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Organelle movement in melanophores: Effects of Panax ginseng, ginsenosides and quercetin
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Panax ginseng is a traditional herb that has been used for over 2000 years to promote health and longevity. Active components of ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, peptides, vitamins, phenols and enzymes, of which the ginsenosides are considered to be the major bioactive constituents. Although widely used, the exact mechanisms of ginseng and its compounds remain unclear. In this thesis we use melanophores from Xenopus laevis to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng extract G115 and its constituents on organelle transport and signalling. Due to coordinated bidirectional movement of their pigmented granules (melanosomes), in response to defined chemical signals, melanophores are capable of fast colour changes and provide a great model for the study of intracellular transport. The movement is regulated by alterations in cyclic adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, where a high or low level induce anterograde (dispersion) or retrograde (aggregation) transport respectively, resulting in a dark or light cell. Here we demonstrate that Panax ginseng and its constituents ginsenoside Rc and Rd and flavonoid quercetin induce a concentration-dependent anterograde transport of melanosomes. The effect of ginseng is shown to be independent of cAMP changes and protein kinase A activation. Upon incubation of melanophores with a combination of Rc or Rd and quercetin, a synergistic increase in anterograde movement was seen, indicating cooperation between the ginsenoside and flavonoid parts of ginseng. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Myristoylated EGF-R Fragment 651-658 decreased the anterograde movement stimulated by ginseng and ginsenoside Rc and Rd. Moreover, ginseng, but not ginsenosides or quercetin, stimulated an activation of 44/42-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), previously shown to be involved in both aggregation and dispersion of melanosomes. PKC-inhibition did not affect the MAPK-activation, suggesting a role for PKC in the ginseng- and ginsenoside-induced dispersion but not as an upstream activator of MAPK.
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| 24. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Responsibility and Cooperativeness Are Constrained, Not Determined
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurobiological determinism has characterized later decades’ scientific approaches to the notion of free will. Scientists suggest that legal responsibility should be adjusted accordingly. We measured the genetic and environmental effects behind self-reported Self-directedness and Cooperativeness in a nation-wide population-based adolescent twin study. In spite of substantial overall genetic and shared environmental effects on these character scores, individual outcomes in both monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins of probands reporting severe personality problems varied widely into the normal range. Hence, even when constrained by genetic and environmental adversity, self-experienced responsibility and cooperation are not simply genetically determined but, to some extent, malleable.
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| 25. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and Character in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS): Comparison to the General Population, and Genetic Structure Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an on-going, large population-based longitudinal twin study. We aimed (1) to investigate the reliability of two different versions (125-items and 238-items) of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) used in the CATSS and the validity of extracting the short version from the long version, (2) to compare these personality dimensions between twins and adolescents from the general population, and (3) to investigate the genetic structure of Cloninger's model. Method Reliability and correlation analyses were conducted for both TCI versions, 2,714 CATSS-twins were compared to 631 adolescents from the general population, and the genetic structure was investigated through univariate genetic analyses, using a model-fitting approach with structural equation-modeling techniques based on same-sex twin pairs from the CATSS (423 monozygotic and 408 dizygotic pairs). Results The TCI scores from the short and long versions showed comparable reliability coefficients and were strongly correlated. Twins scored about half a standard deviation higher in the character scales. Three of the four temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Persistence) had strong genetic and non-shared environmental effects, while Reward Dependence and the three character dimensions had moderate genetic effects, and both shared and non-shared environmental effects. Conclusions Twins showed higher scores in character dimensions compared to adolescents from the general population. At least among adolescents there is a shared environmental influence for all of the character dimensions, but only for one of the temperament dimensions (i.e., Reward Dependence). This specific finding regarding the existence of shared environmental factors behind the character dimensions in adolescence, together with earlier findings showing a small shared environmental effects on character among young adults and no shared environmental effects on character among adults, suggest that there is a shift in type of environmental influence from adolescence to adulthood regarding character.
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| 26. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Genetic Structure of Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Personality in Adolescence
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cloninger’s psychobiological model is based on differences between procedural versus propositional learning, leading to the distinction between four temperament and three character dimensions. In contrast to Cloninger’s original theory, association studies and quantitative genetic studies have suggested at least equally (if not more) importance of genes and genetic effects behind characterdimensions as compared to temperament dimensions. We aimed to investigate the genetic structure of Cloninger’s model in a large population-based study group of adolescent twins to capture the developing personality. Methods: To understand which factors contributed to the seven TCI dimensions, we conducted univariate genetic analysis, using a model-fitting approach with structural equation-modeling techniques. Subjects: 831 monozygotic (MZ) or same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 15 completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: Three of the four temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance; Persistence) showed genetic contributions and unique environmental effects, supporting the original theoretical assumption and previous studies. As predicted by theory, all three character dimensions could be referred to genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental factors, with a considerably lower degree of genetic determinance (see Table 1). Conclusions: In contrast to previously published findings, the results presented here support the robustness of the original TCI structure.
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| 27. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Twins’ and Their Mothers’ Personality: Temperament and Character Clusters
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, May 25-28, Boston.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a sample of twins and their mothers we found, independent of zygosity, two clusters based on differences in the children’s (in)ability to be cooperative and self-directed and her/his level of reward dependence, together with differences in the mother’s levels of cooperativeness, self-directedness, reward dependence, and harm avoidance.
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| 28. |
- Gullberg, David, 1980-
(författare)
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Implementation and evaluation of an HMA fracture mechanics based design module
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A thickness design module for flexible pavements, based on the HMA fracture mechanics framework, has been developed in order to design against premature failure caused by cracking. The HMA fracture mechanics based design module has been evaluated by designing typical Swedish pavements under typical Swedish climate and loading conditions and comparing the results with a reference design framework. The integrated set of material models predicting the necessary material strength- and creep compliance parameters for crack resistance evaluation within this framework has been evaluated against a number of field cores tested.Results show that the design module developed is able to accurately predict cracking in Swedish flexible pavements, indicating that the principles behind the design procedure are fundamental and that the material models used are able to make qualitative predictions of the individual material properties used to estimates a mixtures’ resistance to cracking.
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| 29. |
- Helander, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-Anchoring of Pin1 to Unphosphorylated c-Myc in a Fuzzy Complex Regulates c-Myc Activity
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Structure. - : Cell Press. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 23:12, s. 2267-2279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hierarchic phosphorylation and concomitant Pin1-mediated proline isomerization of the oncoprotein c-Myc controls its cellular stability and activity. However, the molecular basis for Pin1 recognition and catalysis of c-Myc and other multisite, disordered substrates in cell regulation and disease is unclear. By nuclear magnetic resonance, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular modeling, we show that Pin1 subdomains jointly pre-anchor unphosphorylated c-Myc1–88 in the Pin1 interdomain cleft in a disordered, or “fuzzy”, complex at the herein named Myc Box 0 (MB0) conserved region N-terminal to the highly conserved Myc Box I (MBI). Ser62 phosphorylation in MBI intensifies previously transient MBI-Pin1 interactions in c-Myc1–88 binding, and increasingly engages Pin1PPIase and its catalytic region with maintained MB0 interactions. In cellular assays, MB0 mutated c-Myc shows decreased Pin1 interaction, increased protein half-life, but lowered rates of Myc-driven transcription and cell proliferation. We propose that dynamic Pin1 recognition of MB0 contributes to the regulation of c-Myc activity in cells
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| 30. |
- Hultin Rosenberg, Jonas, 1983-
(författare)
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The All-Affected Principle and its Critics : A Study on Democratic Inclusion
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem of democratic inclusion, which concerns inclusion in and exclusion from the demos, has attracted significant scholarly attention in the last decade. The all-affected principle seeks to resolve this problem by maintaining that all those and only those who are affected should be included in the demos. But although this principle has often been regarded as a prima facie attractive solution, the literature also claims that it has been “proven” to be unreasonable. The present discussion examines this claim by undertaking a critical evaluation of the arguments upon which it is based – that the all-affected principle is incoherent, that it provides no solution because it presupposes that the problem has already been solved, that it is incompatible with political equality, that it renders a functioning democracy impossible because it either frequently changes the composition of the demos, or generates an overly inclusive demos, and that it challenges established practices of incompetence-based exclusion. Adherents of the all-affected principle must take these arguments seriously since they criticize the principle on its own terms. But insofar as the present study demonstrates that such arguments fail to reveal any generic flaw in the principle, they do not challenge the principle as such, but only certain versions of it. These include the most common version, which requires the inclusion of all those and only those who are both competent and better or worse off as an actual consequence of actual decisions taken by the democratic state. Also affected is the main alternative version, which requires the inclusion of all those and only those who are better or worse off as a possible consequence of a possible decision taken by the democratic state. In response, this thesis proposes a third version of the principle that requires the inclusion of all those and only those who are able to participate, and also better or worse off as a foreseeable consequence of a decision or non-decision that the democratic state has capacity and ability to take. This version avoids the arguments that have been brought against the all-affected principle without compromising that which makes it initially attractive.
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| 31. |
- Iqbal, Zafar
(författare)
-
Optical Sensing With an Ordinary Mobile Phone
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A major portion of the world’s population (≈ 80% of the total) lives in developing countries where lab instruments such as spectrophotometers are not widely available as their purchasing as well as maintenance is normally unaffordable. On the other hand, there are now around five billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide and the current generation of standard mobile phones has several capabilities to perform user-defined analysis. This thesis contains work with respect to asses potentials and weaknesses of a standard mobile phone for use as a simplified spectrophotometric unit (as both the light source and detector) to perform analysis in the visible region (400-700 nm). A part of the work has been the development of the necessary software to be able to use an ordinary mobile phone to study diffuse and specular reflectance properties of the targeted samples using phone’s screen as controllable illumination source and the front view camera for simultaneous collection of spectral information.Papers I-III contain exploratory work performed to assess the potential of using the mobile phone as an optical sensor system. Papers IV and V present studies of more basic character of the interactions between the light from the phone screen and the sample, in particular for liquid samples.In paper I, tests with a virtual array of chemical indicators having areas with different colours were performed. Optimization of the alignment of the sample and the distance between the camera and the sample were carried out and the influence of ambient light was investigated. The lateral resolution of the images enables optical readout of sensor arrays as well as arrays for diagnostics.In paper II, the potential of using the technique for direct measurement of properties related to the quality of drinking water, food and beverages was investigated. Liquid samples were prepared in deionized water. Coloured compounds such as iron(III)chloride and humic acid were analyzed in the concentration range 0-10 mg/liter and were classified by their reflectance profiles with respect to the contamination type and its concentration. Colourless arsenic(III) was analyzed by its bleaching reaction with iodine/starch. An alternative arsenic detection method based on measurement of discolouration of iron containing sand was demonstrated.In paper III, it has been demonstrated that mobile phones can be used for qualitative analysis of foods and beverages, such as cold drinks, meat, vegetables and milk in terms of general food quality, safety and authenticity.In paper IV, the ability of the mobile phone system to measure absorption properties of liquid solutions is investigated. Different concentrations of colored solutions (reactive blue 2, Congo red and Metanil yellow) give rise to measurement data that are well described by the Beer-Lambert law. This is surprising since the measurement conditions were far from ideal, with a light source that was strongly polychromatic and an illumination that was not a collimated light beam with homogeneous light intensity. By analyzing red, green and blue light that was transmitted through the liquid a unique signature for classification and quantification was obtained. Also the repeatability and accuracy of the measurements were investigated and were surprisingly good for such a simple system. Analyses of reflectance properties of colored solid samples are also included and were more complex with results being dependent on the morphology and colorimetric properties of the different types of these samples.In paper V, it is found that different parts of the image data contain different information about liquid samples. While one part of the image gives information about the absorption properties as investigated in detail in paper IV, another part gives information about the refractive index of the sample. Measurements of samples with varying refractive index show trends expected from the Fresnel equations at zero incidence angle. Combined information from the two areas of the image offers new possibilities to classify samples.
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| 32. |
- Klenkar, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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Piezo Dispensed Microarray of Multivalent Chelating Thiols for Dissecting Complex Protein-Protein Interactions
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 78:11, s. 3643-3650
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fabrication of a novel biochip, designed for dissection of multiprotein complex formation, is reported. An array of metal chelators has been produced by piezo dispensing of a bis-nitrilotriacetic acid (bis-NTA) thiol on evaporated gold thin films, prestructured with a microcontact printed grid of eicosanethiols. The bis-NTA thiol is mixed in various proportions with an inert, tri(ethylene glycol) hexadecane thiol, and the thickness and morphological homogeneity of the dispensed layers are characterized by imaging ellipsometry before and after back-filling with the same inert thiol and subsequent rinsing. It is found that the dispensed areas display a monotonic increase in thickness with increasing molar fraction of bis-NTA in the dispensing solution, and they are consistently a few Ångströms thicker than those prepared at the same molar fraction by solution self-assembly under equilibrium-like conditions. The bulkiness of the bis-NTA tail group and the short period of time available for chemisorption and in-plane organization of the dispensed thiols are most likely responsible for the observed difference in thickness. Moreover, the functional properties of this biochip are demonstrated by studying multiple protein−protein interactions using imaging surface plasmon resonance. The subunits of the type I interferon receptor are immobilized as a composition array determined by the surface concentration of bis-NTA in the array elements. Ligand dissociation kinetics depends on the receptor surface concentration, which is ascribed to the formation of a ternary complex by simultaneous interaction of the ligand with the two receptor subunits. Thus, multiplexed monitoring of binding phenomena at various compositions (receptor densities) offers a powerful tool to dissect protein−protein interactions.
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| 33. |
- Lester, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic and environmental structure jof the character sub-skales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-859X. ; 15:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence. METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12). CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span.
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| 34. |
- Lester, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic and environmental structure of the character sub-scales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-859X. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence.METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12).CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span.
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| 35. |
- Lewis, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively Determined Refraction Improves Peripheral Vision
- 2014
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Ingår i: Optometry and Vision Science. - 1040-5488 .- 1538-9235. ; 91:7, s. 740-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The purpose of this study was twofold: to verify a fast, clinically applicable method for determining off-axis refraction and to assess the impact of objectively obtained off-axis refractive correction on peripheral low-contrast visual acuity. Methods. We measured peripheral low-contrast resolution acuity with Gabor patches both with and without off-axis correction at 20 degrees in the nasal visual field of 10 emmetropic subjects; the correction was obtained using a commercial open-field Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, the COAS-HD VR aberrometer. Off-axis refractive errors were calculated for a 5-mm circular pupil inscribed within the elliptical wavefront by COAS using the instruments' inbuilt "Seidel sphere" method. Results. Most of the subjects had simple myopic astigmatism, at 20 degrees in the nasal visual field ranging from -1.00 to -2.00 DC, with axis orientations generally near 90 degrees. The mean uncorrected and corrected low-contrast resolution acuities for all subjects were 0.92 and 0.86 logMAR, respectively (an improvement of 0.06 logMAR). For subjects with a scalar power refractive error of 1.00 diopters or more, the average improvement was 0.1 logMAR. The observed changes in low-contrast resolution acuity were strongly correlated with off-axis astigmatism (Pearson r = 0.95; p < 0.0001), the J(180) cross-cylinder component (Pearson r = 0.82; p = 0.0034), and power scalar (Pearson r = -0.75; p = 0.0126). Conclusions. The results suggest that there are definite benefits in correcting even moderate amounts of off-axis refractive errors; in this study, as little as -1.50 DC of off-axis astigmatism gave improvements of up to a line in visual acuity. It may be even more pertinent for people who rely on optimal peripheral visual function, specifically those with central visual field loss; the use of open-field aberrometers could be clinically useful in rapidly determining off-axis refractive errors specifically for this patient group who are generally more challenging to refract.
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| 36. |
- Ling Lundström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Faecal biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of disease course in treatment-naïve patients with IBD.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Faecal biomarkers can be used to assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AIM: To explore the performance of some promising biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting disease course in IBD.METHODS: We included 65 patients with treatment-naïve, new-onset Crohn's disease (CD), 90 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 67 symptomatic controls (SC) and 41 healthy controls (HC) in this prospective observational study. We analysed faecal samples for calprotectin (FC), myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), eosinophil cationic protein ECP and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and compared markers among groups. We assessed the diagnostic capability of biomarkers with receiver operating characteristic curves. Clinical disease course was determined for each patient with IBD and analysed the association with biomarkers by logistic regression.RESULTS: All markers were elevated at inclusion in patients with IBD compared with HC (p < 0.001) and SC (p < 0.001). FC (AUC 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79-0.89) and MPO (AUC 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.89) showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing IBD from SC. The diagnostic ability of biomarkers differed between IBD subtypes with the highest performance for FC and MPO in CD. The diagnostic accuracy was further improved by combining FC and MPO (p = 0.02). Levels of FC, MPO and HNL at inclusion were predictive of an aggressive disease course with MPO showing the strongest association (p = 0.006).CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insight into the diagnostic and prognostic capability of neutrophil and eosinophil biomarkers in IBD and suggests that MPO, alone or in combination with FC, may add to the diagnostic power of faecal biomarkers.
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| 37. |
- Ling Lundström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Faecal biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of disease course in treatment-naïve patients with IBD
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 60:6, s. 765-777
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Faecal biomarkers can be used to assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Aim: To explore the performance of some promising biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting disease course in IBD.Methods: We included 65 patients with treatment-na & iuml;ve, new-onset Crohn's disease (CD), 90 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 67 symptomatic controls (SC) and 41 healthy controls (HC) in this prospective observational study. We analysed faecal samples for calprotectin (FC), myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), eosinophil cationic protein ECP and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and compared markers among groups. We assessed the diagnostic capability of biomarkers with receiver operating characteristic curves. Clinical disease course was determined for each patient with IBD and analysed the association with biomarkers by logistic regression.Results: All markers were elevated at inclusion in patients with IBD compared with HC (p < 0.001) and SC (p < 0.001). FC (AUC 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79-0.89) and MPO (AUC 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.89) showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing IBD from SC. The diagnostic ability of biomarkers differed between IBD subtypes with the highest performance for FC and MPO in CD. The diagnostic accuracy was further improved by combining FC and MPO (p = 0.02). Levels of FC, MPO and HNL at inclusion were predictive of an aggressive disease course with MPO showing the strongest association (p = 0.006).Conclusions: This study provides new insight into the diagnostic and prognostic capability of neutrophil and eosinophil biomarkers in IBD and suggests that MPO, alone or in combination with FC, may add to the diagnostic power of faecal biomarkers.
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| 38. |
- Ling Lundström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal Biomarkers of Neutrophil and Eosinophil Origin Reflect the Response to Biological Therapy and Corticosteroids in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2155-384X. ; 14:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is anoninvasive tool for examining response to biologics in inflammatory boweldisease (IBD), but its performance in relation to other novel fecal markers of various cellular origins is unknown.Methods: We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study and included patients with active IBD who provided a fecal sample at initiation of biological therapy. Levels of FC, myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) were analyzed and related to clinical remission status at 3 months. Changes in levels of markers at 3 months were calculated, and the impact of concomitant use of corticosteroids at baseline was estimated.Results: In patients achieving clinical remission (n = 27), a decrease in levels of FC (P = 0.005), MPO (P < 0.001), HNL (P < 0.001), and EDN (P < 0.001) was observed, whereas no significant decrease was seen in patients not achieving remission (n = 39). There was a significant difference in the change in the level of MPO (P = 0.01) and HNL (P = 0.02) between patients achieving clinical remission and those who did not, but changes in FC and EDN could not differentiate between these groups. Patients with concomitant systemic corticosteroids at inclusion had lower levels of HNL (P = 0.01) and EDN (P < 0.001) at baseline, compared with patients without corticosteroids.Discussion: Fecal MPO, HNL, and EDN are all promising biomarkers for assessing the treatment outcome of biologics in patients with IBD. Fecal levels of EDN and HNL are significantly affected by corticosteroids indicating a greater sensitivity to the effects of corticosteroids compared with levels of FC and MPO.
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| 39. |
- Lira, Bernardita, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of asphalt rutting based on mixture aggregate gradation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Road Materials and Pavement Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; , s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregate gradation is fundamental concerning asphalt pavement response to loading, especially regarding resistance to permanent deformation. This study assess, in an empirical way, the capability of a gradation-based framework to evaluate the susceptibility to permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures with varying aggregate gradation. The laboratory study was planned to isolate the effect of aggregate gradation by keeping the source of both the aggregates and the binder constant. The work consisted of testing six different asphalt mixtures with varying aggregate gradations using two different methods: wheel tracking and cyclic compression test. Results show that the testing method influences the asphalt mixtures response to loading. The combined normalised result shows a non-significant relationship between the gradation-based framework parameters and resistance to permanent deformation. Additionally, it was observed that the total amount of coarse material have an influence on mixture resistance to permanent deformation.
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| 40. |
- Lira, Bernardita, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Aggregate Gradation on the Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures
- 2022
-
Ingår i: RILEM Bookseries. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 1063-1069
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following study aims to measure the resistance to permanent deformation of mixtures with varying aggregate gradation and correlate these results to the performance predicted by the Marshall stability test. The experimental study is performed on 6 mixtures designed with the Marshall mix design method and measured using the wheel tracking test. The total rut depth obtained with the wheel tracking test shows a high correlation to the Marshall flow values, as higher rutting corresponds to mixtures with higher flow. The study has shown the ability of Marshall flow value to predict the resistance to permanent deformation, independent of asphalt mixture type, as well as a close correlation between aggregate gradation and stability.
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| 41. |
|
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| 42. |
- Lira Miranda, Bernardita Francisca, 1982-
(författare)
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Influence of aggregates on permanent deformation of asphalt
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most common failure modes for asphalt pavements is the occurrence of permanent deformation on the wheel path. This leads to not only other distresses, such as potholes and stripping, but also decreases substantially road safety and increases maintenance costs. Resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures depends mostly on the aggregates, bitumen and air void content of the mixture. Mineral aggregates are the major component of asphalt mixtures, representing more than 90 % of the weight. The structure formed by the aggregates within the mixture depend highly on the size distribution, shape and texture of the aggregates. To manipulate the characteristics of the mineral aggregates is usually considered the most economical and convenient way to improve asphalt mixture performance.The study presented in this thesis has investigated the influence of aggregate particles on the resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures. In the theoretical part, some pre-existing models have been considered and then further developed to obtain a framework able to characterise asphalt mixtures based on their aggregate gradation and relate these properties to performance. In the gradation-based framework two structures are identified: the primary structure, which provides the load-bearing capacity, and the secondary structure, which contributes with stability and durability. The experimental part has focused mainly on testing the assumptions included in the developed framework with regards to aggregates size distribution, gradation, and shape. Two series have been tested, one with varying aggregate gradation and one with varying flakiness index. All bitumen parameters and aggregate source have been kept constant for each series.Results from the first series show that the aggregate gradation, especially the coarse fraction, has a significant influence on the resistance to permanent deformation as measured with the wheel tracking test. Mixtures where even tested with the cyclic compression test, where results were mostly able to identify good and bad, but no clear relationship to aggregate gradation. In the second series, the influence of particle shape was taken into account by varying the flakiness index of five, otherwise, identical mixtures. Results from the wheel tracking test showed no influence of flakiness index on the resistance to permanent deformation. Additionally, there was no higher breakage observed for the flaky particles than for the non-flaky particles.The gradation-based framework has been applied using spheres representing aggregate particles. Even though the primary structure showed a certain correlation with permanent deformation, this was not statistically significant. Instead, the empirical findings in this study show a significant linear relationship between resistance to permanent deformation and the total coarse fraction of the mixtures, independent of its flakiness index.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral optical errors and hazard perception
- 2021
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 62:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Symmetries in peripheral ocular aberrations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern Optics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0340 .- 1362-3044. ; 58:19-20, s. 1690-1695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mirror symmetry in the aberrations between the left and right eyes has previously been found foveally, but while a similar symmetry for the peripheral visual field is likely, it has not been investigated. Nevertheless, the peripheral optical quality is often evaluated in only one eye, because it is more time efficient than analyzing the whole visual field of both eyes. This study investigates the correctness of such an approach by measuring the peripheral wavefront aberrations in both eyes of 22 subjects out to +/- 40 degrees horizontally. The largest aberrations (defocus, astigmatism, and coma) were found to be significantly correlated between the left and right eyes when comparing the same temporal or nasal angle. The slope of the regression line was close to +/- 1 (within 0.05) for these aberrations, with a negative slope for the horizontally odd aberrations, i.e. the left and right eyes are mirror symmetric. These findings justify that the average result, sampled in one of the two eyes of many subjects, can be generalized to the other eye as well.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Lundström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of the applicability of Schapery's work potential model for characterization of asphalt fatigue behavior
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 Journal Of The Association Of Asphalt Paving Technologists. ; , s. 657-695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an investigation of Schapery's work potential model applied to asphalt concrete characterization. Six asphalt concrete mixtures, all consisting of one and the same aggregate and particle size distribution, manufactured using unmodified and SBS modified binders were used. An elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle and the time-temperature superposition principle are utilized to obtain material characteristic functions, C-1(S-1), using uniaxial monotonic (constant-strain rate) and cyclic (fatigue) tests at 0, 10 and 20C. The results indicate that consistent and reliable results are obtained for the mixtures investigated using monotonic testing, provided that the applied strain rate is not too low at a given temperature. It was also indicated that the time-temperature superposition principle is applicable as a single material function can be obtained at the reference temperature chosen. Results similar to those obtained at monotonic tests were also obtained at cyclic testing. However, based on statistical analysis, it was noticed that cyclically established C-1(S-1) curves often differ slightly between different temperatures even when shifted to the reference temperature. This result is probably due to the more complicated excitation history applied during fatigue tests. However, even though it is possible to obtain characteristic material functions from both types of tests, it was not possible to show that monotonic and cyclic testing lead to similar results, i.e. more or less identical C-1(S-1) curves. It was also investigated, using thermocouples, whether, and if so, to what extent hysteretic self-heating influences fatigue test results. In general, a significant influence was indicated at 10 and 20C, and especially for high amplitude tests (low cycle fatigue tests). Even though several questions still are to be answered, the model based on the work potential theory remains interesting, and is possibly, the most versatile damage model for asphalt characterization available today.
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| 50. |
- Lundström, Robert, 1973-
(författare)
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Comparing Procurement Methods in Road Construction Projects : Influence on Uncertainty, Interaction and Knowledge
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The construction sector is often considered to show a number of limitations regarding efficiency and effectiveness, conclusions normally drawn irrespective of project procurement method used, and despite the common assumption that differences among approaches exist regarding these aspects. The study investigates differences and similarities among procurement methods using a longitudinal multi-case study based on two comparatively large infrastructure projects: a traditional so-called design-bid-build project and an unconventional so-called design-build-maintain project. The empirical part of the investigation, which in addition to the two focal projects mentioned also includes a number of prior and subsequent projects, was conducted based on literature studies, interviews and observations. The complex organizational phenomenon associated with each case was studied partly by interpreting each focal project as a small temporary network comprising a client, a contractor and a consultant, and partly any connections from the focal project to other projects of the organizational context. The influence of the procurement method was investigated using a model comprising the three concepts of uncertainty, interaction and knowledge. The empirical findings suggest that significant differences exist between the two approaches investigated regarding all three concepts. In principle, the traditional procurement approach resulted in low degrees of uncertainty, interaction and knowledge, while the unconventional project resulted in higher degrees. Although differences regarding the procurement methods can be observed by directly comparing the two focal projects, the influence of procurement method on uncertainty, interaction and knowledge gained becomes even more interesting if the time-frame is extended beyond the immediate projects studied. In particular, the comparison of the two cases presented indicates differences regarding the establishment of inter-project connections. The theoretical framework utilized in the study contributes to previous research by providing a way to characterize procurement methods, differences among them, and how knowledge is gained in relation to interaction and uncertainty.
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