| 1. |
- Alygizakis, Nikiforos, et al.
(författare)
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Making waves: The NORMAN antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes database (NORMAN ARB&ARG)–An invitation for collaboration to tackle antibiotic resistance
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 257
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the global concerns on antibiotic resistance (AR) as a public health issue, it is pivotal to have data exchange platforms for studies on antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. For this purpose, the NORMAN Association is hosting the NORMAN ARB&ARG database, which was developed within the European project ANSWER. The present article provides an overview on the database functionalities, the extraction and the contribution of data to the database. In this study, AR data from three studies from China and Nepal were extracted and imported into the NORMAN ARB&ARG in addition to the existing AR data from 11 studies (mainly European studies) on the database. This feasibility study demonstrates how the scientific community can share their data on AR to generate an international evidence base to inform AR mitigation strategies. The open and FAIR data are of high potential relevance for regulatory applications, including the development of emission limit values / environmental quality standards in relation to AR. The growth in sharing of data and analytical methods will foster collaboration on risk management of AR worldwide, and facilitate the harmonization in the effort for identification and surveillance of critical hotspots of AR. The NORMAN ARB&ARG database is publicly available at: https://www.norman-network.com/nds/bacteria/.
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| 2. |
- Borris, Matthias
(författare)
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Future trends in urban stormwater quality : effects of changes in climate, catchment characteristics and processes and socio-economic factors
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change and progressing urbanization cause numerous environmental concerns, including the impacts on urban drainage. Such impacts were addressed during the last two decades with focus on hydraulic overloading of drainage systems and the means of overload remediation by stormwater management. However, modern urban drainage also serves to provide and protect broad environmental services chiefly by controlling stormwater quality. During the past 40 years, a sizeable investment has been made in urban drainage systems to improve stormwater quality and protect receiving water ecosystems. Such investments are at risks, because of impaired performance of stormwater quality controls now and in the future for the following reasons: (i) Hydraulic and Pollution overloading (ii) the aging of stormwater management systems and (iii) insufficient attention paid to socio-economic issues. The primary objectives of the thesis that follows is to address the above issues by examining future trends in stormwater quality and the influential factors affecting these trends. Trends in urban stormwater quality, in response to projected changes in the climate, urban catchments and their drainage systems, and environmental practices and policies, were studied by systematically describing these changes by a set of scenarios, which were then applied to several test catchments in simulations with two well-established computer models of urban drainage (US EPA SWMM and WinSLAMM). In runoff simulations, stormwater quality was described Total suspended solids (TSS) and three heavy metals, namely Cu, Pb and Zn. The assessment of uncertainties in the simulation process and potential changes in sewer pipe materials further inspired two additional studies: Potential improvements in modelling trace metal transport and control by clarifying the role of coarse sediments on road surfaces, and water quality implications of using sewer pipes made from three different materials. Simulations with up-scaled rainfall data produced changes in stormwater quality, depending on the type of storm events. Generally pollutant loads increased due to climate changes characterized by higher depths and intensities of rainfall in future scenarios. Storms with low to intermediate depths and intensities showed the highest sensitivities to climatic changes, because runoff producing areas increased with higher storm intensities (i.e., leading to contributions of pervious areas), and sufficient pollutant supplies on catchment surfaces; for high intensity events, such supplies were quickly exhausted. TSS loads exported from catchments with low imperviousness were most sensitive to climatic changes, but the magnitudes of TSS loads were low compared to those from catchments with high imperviousness. Furthermore, potential changes in catchment characteristics and drainage systems were identified to be of importance. Future scenarios combining changes in climate and socio-economic factors showed that the impacts on stormwater quality caused by climatic changes were smaller than those caused by changes in socio-economic factors. However, future urbanization impacts on stormwater quality could be controlled by incorporating modern stormwater management measures in future catchments. Simulations of such controls indicated that they were highly effective in protecting the stormwater quality. Finally it was noted that the two applied computer models produced somewhat different results and high uncertainties when assessing the future stormwater quality. This was due to their different descriptions of the underlying processes. Hence, it was desirable to examine the feasibility of improving stormwater quality modelling, particularly with respect to heavy metals. During laboratory experiments coarse particles were identified to potentially release significant amounts of heavy metals (mostly in the particulate bound phase) during runoff events. Site/runoff event specific factors (e.g., traffic intensity and street sweeping routines) and characteristics of the particles (i.e. organic content) were identified as influential factors affecting the release of heavy metals. This finding may help improve the description of pollutant transport processes in stormwater quality models. Laboratory experiments showed that various pipe materials (PVC, concrete and corrugated steel) affected the stormwater quality differently, depending on the characteristics of the stormwater used in experiments. The concrete pipe contributed to increase pH of the transported stormwater. Metal concentrations were mostly unaffected in the PVC pipe, decreased in the concrete pipe (due to particle deposition and metal adsorption to the pipe surface), and while Zn concentrations increased in the corrugated steel pipe due to elution, Cu and Pb concentrations were reduced (due to particle deposition in the corrugations). Since the impact of climatic changes on stormwater quality was relatively small compared to changes in socio-economic factors, future efforts to maintain or improve stormwater quality should focus on implementing pollutant abatement strategies, including implementation of well-designed and maintained stormwater treatment measures.
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| 3. |
- Donner, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Presence and fate of priority substances in domestic greywater treatment and reuse systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 408:12, s. 2444-2451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wide range of household sources may potentially contribute to contaminant loads in domestic greywater. The ability of greywater treatment systems to act as emission control barriers for household micropollutants, thereby providing environmental benefits in addition to potable water savings, have not been fully explored. This paper investigates the sources, presence and potential fate of a selection of xenobiotic micropollutants in on-site greywater treatment systems. All of the investigated compounds are listed under the European Water Framework Directive as either "Priority Substances" (PS) or "Priority Hazardous Substances" (PHS). Significant knowledge gaps are identified. A wide range of potential treatment trains are available for greywater treatment and reuse but treatment efficiency data for priority substances and other micropollutants is very limited. Geochemical modelling indicates that PS/PHS removal during treatment is likely to be predominantly due to sludge/solid phase adsorption, with only minor contributions to the water phase. Many PS/PHS are resistant to biodegradation and as the majority of automated greywater treatment plants periodically discharge sludge to the municipal sewerage system, greywater treatment is unlikely to act as a comprehensive PS/PHS emission barrier. Hence, it is important to ensure that other source control options (e.g. eco-labeling, substance substitution, and regulatory controls) for household items continue to be pursued, in order that PS/PHS emissions from these sources are effectively reduced and/or phased out as required under the demands of the European Water Framework Directive.
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| 4. |
- Dulio, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
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The NORMAN Association and the European Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) : let’s cooperate!
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 32:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) is currently under development as a joint research and innovation programme to strengthen the scientific basis for chemical risk assessment in the EU. The plan is to bring chemical risk assessors and managers together with scientists to accelerate method development and the production of necessary data and knowledge, and to facilitate the transition to next-generation evidence-based risk assessment, a non-toxic environment and the European Green Deal. The NORMAN Network is an independent, well-established and competent network of more than 80 organisations in the field of emerging substances and has enormous potential to contribute to the implementation of the PARC partnership. NORMAN stands ready to provide expert advice to PARC, drawing on its long experience in the development, harmonisation and testing of advanced tools in relation to chemicals of emerging concern and in support of a European Early Warning System to unravel the risks of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and close the gap between research and innovation and regulatory processes. In this commentary we highlight the tools developed by NORMAN that we consider most relevant to supporting the PARC initiative: (i) joint data space and cutting-edge research tools for risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern; (ii) collaborative European framework to improve data quality and comparability; (iii) advanced data analysis tools for a European early warning system and (iv) support to national and European chemical risk assessment thanks to harnessing, combining and sharing evidence and expertise on CECs. By combining the extensive knowledge and experience of the NORMAN network with the financial and policy-related strengths of the PARC initiative, a large step towards the goal of a non-toxic environment can be taken.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Water management in cities of the future using emission control strategies for priority hazardous substances
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 64:10, s. 2109-2118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities of the future face challenges with respect to the quantity and quality of water resources, and multiple managerial options need to be considered in order to safeguard urban surface water quality. In a recently completed project on “Source Control Options for Reducing Emissions of Priority Pollutants” (ScorePP), seven emission control strategies (ECS) have been developed and tested on a semi-hypothetical case city (SHCCA) for selected European priority pollutants (PPs). The SHCCA approach was chosen to facilitate transparency, to mitigate data gaps and to decrease the level of uncertainty in the results. The selected PPs differ in their uses and environmental fate and therefore accumulate in different urban environmental compartment. To achieve the required reduction in PP levels in urban waters the full implementation of existing EU regulation is essential and appropriate combinations of managerial and technological options (source control and treatment) can be highly relevant.
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| 6. |
- Fältström, Emma, 1987-
(författare)
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Mitigating Microplastics Pollution in Urban Water Systems : Flow, actors, and control measures
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water pollution has long been considered a challenge in urban areas. Urban wastewater and stormwater act as transport pathways for pollutants from urban areas to receiving waters. Microplastics are a pollution problem of growing concern. As part of the zero-pollution action plan for 2050, the European Commission has set the target to reduce emissions of microplastics to the environment by 30% from 2016 to 2030. The majority of the microplastics originate from sources on land, and urban areas are viewed as particular hotspots. More knowledge is needed on the sources and pathways of microplastics within the urban area, such as to and from urban water systems. To be able to reduce microplastics pollution, there is also a need to understand where control measures can be introduced and make an impact in terms of reduced loads to the environment. For control measures to be implemented, there is also a need to understand the incentives and challenges that the actors, who have a responsibility related to the flows, encounter when working with pollution control. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to enhanced understanding of flows of microplastics in urban water systems and how the flows can be controlled, in order to facilitate mitigation actions for these flows. This aim was addressed by identifying and quantifying sources with emissions to urban wastewater and stormwater and pathways from the urban water system, with inspiration from the method substance flow analysis. The estimated sources were also compared to measurements in raw wastewater and stormwater from four different catchments to identify matches and differences. Further, control measures were introduced to the quantified sources and pathways. Municipal officials, who can implement the control measures, were also interviewed about their incentives and challenges when controlling microplastics and other pollutants in the urban water system. The emissions of microplastics to stormwater were estimated to be much higher than those to wastewater. Tyre wear particles and cigarette butts were estimated to be the largest sources. While stormwater measurements confirmed tyre wear particles, cigarette butts, and paint particles, which was another large source according to the source estimates, could not be confirmed. Instead, the samples contained other types of microplastics. These mismatches indicate that large flows of microplastics may come from sources that have yet to be identified and quantified. The largest source to wastewater was estimated to be synthetic fibres (mainly polyester) released during laundry washing. Polyester also had the largest share in the wastewater measurements. Untreated stormwater was the largest pathway to receiving waters, followed by treated stormwater. Treated wastewater and overflows had comparatively small emissions. The measures introduced to wastewater had the potential to reduce the load of microplastics in the wastewater by half. However, as wastewater treatment retain most of the microplastics, and because the largest emissions came from stormwater, this reduction made a small difference in terms of total loads to receiving waters. Reduced urban traffic, changed driving behaviour, and more stormwater treatment, were also required to reduce emissions of microplastics from the urban water system to receiving waters by 30% in accordance with the EU target. Three types of incentives for pollution control among the municipal officials were identified. One incentive was that pollution control positively affected other aspects that were seen as important, such as that it had economic benefits or increased water- and sludge quality. Another incentive was a perceived responsibility for water quality, for the environment, or to be role models. A third incentive was a “pressure” to act from the local environmental control authorities or through local politics. The challenges for pollution control were primarily related to insufficient resources in terms of time, finances, and knowledge. Changing, limited, or lack of legislation was also identified as a challenge. Other identified challenges, such as unclear responsibilities and unclear expectations of the work, can be alleviated with a strategy or plan, but a plan did not ease all challenges. Support, in terms of financial means and guidance, is also needed so that actions set out in the plans can be implemented. So far, the control measures for microplastics related to urban water systems have primarily been preventive and focused on restricting use of microplastics in certain applications. There are no restrictions on emissions yet. If such restrictions come, where they are placed will impact the type of measures that will be introduced. This, in turn, will have consequences at the system level: for example, if it will lead to emissions in another part of the system, and which actors will be responsible for managing the pollution.
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| 7. |
- Gavrić, Snežana, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulation and contamination of gully pot sediments from varied land-use types: metal loads, concentrations and speciation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 30, s. 109825-109840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban stormwater typically enters sewer networks through gully pots, which allow a primary sedimentation of solids upstream of the piped network. The regular removal and disposal of retained sediment are necessary, costly and can involve environmental risks due to the contamination of sediments with substances from the urban environment such as metals. The concentrations and speciation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were analysed in sediments from 26 gully pots located in different land use areas in Stockholm, Sweden. In addition, accumulation rates of both sediment and metal masses were evaluated, providing a basis for optimising maintenance practices and better understanding of impacts of characteristic urban land use types. Metal concentrations varied by at most a factor of eight between samples and were always below Swedish polluted site guidelines for less sensitive land use, with only eight samples exceeding the guideline values for Cu and Zn for sensitive land use. Sequential extraction showed Pb and Zn to be the most mobile metals. Sediment accumulation rates varied from 0.003 to 0.197 kg/m2 impermeable surface/year. Metal accumulation rates were much more variable than metal concentrations, with a factor of up to 172 between the highest and lowest rates and the highest metal accumulation rates corresponding to the lower range of mass loads in road runoff. Differences in metal concentrations, sediment or metal mass accumulations could not be solely attributed to either traffic or catchment land use. In contrast, traction grit used for winter road maintenance, which has low (but detectable) metal concentrations, is identified as a major component of gully pot sediments, with a combined effect of both moderating metal concentrations and contributing to total mass.
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| 8. |
- Isaksson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Use of Alternative Normalization Approaches on SARS-CoV-2 Concentrations in Wastewater: Experiences from Two Catchments in Northern Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environments. - : MDPI. - 2076-3298. ; 9:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in feces has paved the way for wastewater-based epidemiology to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation measures, with its use in a public health context still under development. As a way to facilitate data comparison, this paper explores the impact of using alternative normalization approaches (wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) flow, population size estimates (derived using total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and census data) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)) on the relationship between viral wastewater data and clinical case numbers. Influent wastewater samples were collected at two WWTPs in Luleå, northern Sweden, between January and March 2021. TN and TP were determined upon sample collection, with RNA analysis undertaken on samples after one freeze–thaw cycle. The strength of the correlation between normalization approaches and clinical cases differed between WWTPs (r ≤ 0.73 or r ≥ 0.78 at the larger WWTP and r ≤ 0.23 or r ≥ 0.43 at the smaller WWTP), indicating that the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool is context-dependent. Depending on the normalization approach utilized, time-shifted analyses imply that wastewater data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA pre-dated a rise in clinical cases by 0–2 and 5–8 days, for the lager and smaller WWTPs, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads normalized to the population or PMMoV better reflect the number of clinical cases when comparing wastewater data between sewer catchments.
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| 9. |
- Kolarević, Stoimir, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Danube River in Serbia associated with the discharge of untreated wastewaters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Serbia less than 13% of collected municipal wastewaters is being treated before their release in the environment. This includes all municipal wastewater discharges from Belgrade (capital city of Serbia; population 1,700,000). Previous research has identified the impacts of raw wastewater discharges from Belgrade on the Danube River, and this study investigated if such discharges also provided a pathway for SARS-CoV-2 RNA material. Samples were collected during the most critical circumstances that occurred so far within the COVID-19 pandemics in Serbia. Grab and composite samples were collected in December 2020, during the peak of the third wave (in terms of reported cases) at the site which receives the wastewater loads in Belgrade. Grab samples collected upstream and downstream of Belgrade were also analyzed. RNA was quantified using RT-qPCR with primer sets targeting nucleocapsid (N1 and N2) and envelope (E) protein genes. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (5.97 × 103 to 1.32 × 104 copies/L) was detected only in samples collected at the site strongly impacted by the wastewaters where all three applied primer sets gave positive signals. Determined concentrations correspond to those reported in wastewater influents sampled at treatment plants in other countries indicating an epidemiological indicator function of used approach for rivers with high pollution loads in countries with poor wastewater treatment.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Lindfors, Sarah, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of measured dissolved and bio-met predicted bioavailable Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations in runoff from three urban catchments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban runoff is a diffuse source of pollution contributing to the poor ecological and chemical status of surface waters. Whilst the EU Priority Hazardous Substances Directive now identifies environmental quality standards for selected metals in relation to the bioavailable metal fraction the relationship between analytically determined metal size fractions transported by urban runoff and the often variably defined concept of bioavailability has not been thoroughly evaluated. This paper provides a review of the terminology used within urban runoff studies to characterise metal fractions and behaviour. Measured dissolved and truly dissolved (determined by ultrafiltration; <3000 molecular weight cutoff) Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations are also compared to the bioavailable metal fraction (as predicted using Bio-met, a simplified biotic ligand model) in snowmelt and rainfall derived runoff samples from three urban catchments. The study shows that predicted bioavailable concentrations were significantly lower than truly dissolved concentrations for all metals and discusses current bioavailability modelling parameters in relation to rainfall and snowmelt runoff data sets. Statistical analysis of relationships between field and predicted bioavailable data sets indicate that the bioavailable fractions originate from both colloidal and truly dissolved fractions.
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| 12. |
- Lindfors, Sarah, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Truly Dissolved and Bioavailable Metal Concentrations in Snowmelt and Rainfall Runoff
- 2019
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Ingår i: 10e Conférence internationale L'eau dans la ville. - : GRAIE. ; , s. 227-227
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environment Quality Standards (EQS) stated by the EU Water Framework Directive complemented by national EQS support the work of risk assessments of bioavailable metals in freshwater environments. In this paper, dissolved and truly dissolved (operationally defined by ultrafiltration) Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were used to predict and evaluate the bioavailable metal fraction (calculated using Bio-met) in snowmelt and rainfall runoff samples from two urban catchments. The results show that the bioavailable Cu and Zn concentrations exceed the EQSbioavailable and that there is a metal by metal variation regarding the fraction of truly dissolved metals that is also bioavailable. The results indicate that the truly dissolved metal fraction is not a suitable surrogate for the bioavailable fraction for these metals.
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| 13. |
- Lindfors, Sarah, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Metal size distribution in rainfall and snowmelt-induced runoff from three urban catchments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The size distribution of metals transported by urban runoff has implications for treatment type and design, predicting their mobility and evaluating their potential impact on receiving waters. There is an urgent need to better understand the distribution of metals between fractions, particularly those in the sub-dissolved fractions. As a contribution to addressing this need, this study characterises the size distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, V and Zn using conventional and novel techniques. Data is presented as event mean concentrations (EMC) of a total of 18 rainfall and snowmelt events at three urban sites. For all studied metals in all events and at all sites, the contribution of the truly dissolved fraction made a greater contribution to the total concentrations than the colloidal fraction. Truly dissolved Cd and Zn concentrations contributed (on average) 26% and 28% respectively, of the total EMCs with truly dissolved Cu and Ni contributing (on average) 18%. In contrast, only 1% (V) and 3% (Cr) were identified in the truly dissolved fraction. The greatest contribution of truly dissolved Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations (relative to total concentrations) were reported during rainfall events. However, no seasonal differences were identified and differences between the sites regarding the EMCs distribution by fractions were not at a statistically significant level (p > 0.05) for any metal or event. The loads of truly dissolved and colloidal metals did not follow the patterns of particulate metal loads indicating particulates are not the main source of sub-dissolved metals. The data suggests that ultrafiltration as a treatment technique would not efficiently mitigate the risks posed by metals to receiving water ecologies.
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| 14. |
- Lundy, Lian, et al.
(författare)
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Making Waves : Collaboration in the time of SARS-CoV-2 - rapid development of an international co-operation and wastewater surveillance database to support public health decision-making
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater was first reported in March 2020. Over the subsequent months, the potential for wastewater surveillance to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation programmes has been the focus of intense national and international research activities, gaining the attention of policy makers and the public. As a new application of an established methodology, focused collaboration between public health practitioners and wastewater researchers is essential to developing a common understanding on how, when and where the outputs of this non-invasive community-level approach can deliver actionable outcomes for public health authorities. Within this context, the NORMAN SCORE “SARS-CoV-2 in sewage” database provides a platform for rapid, open access data sharing, validated by the uploading of 276 data sets from nine countries to-date. Through offering direct access to underpinning meta-data sets (and describing its use in data interpretation), the NORMAN SCORE database is a resource for the development of recommendations on minimum data requirements for wastewater pathogen surveillance. It is also a tool to engage public health practitioners in discussions on use of the approach, providing an opportunity to build mutual understanding of the demand and supply for data and facilitate the translation of this promising research application into public health practice.
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| 15. |
- Lundy, Lian, et al.
(författare)
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Svensk dagvattenforskning : En systematisk genomgång av forskning under perioden 2012-2021
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras resultaten av en systematisk genomgång av svensk dagvattenforskning under tidsperioden 2012–2021. Med hjälp av definierade söktermer och kriterier gjordes ett urval på 149 artiklar för detaljerad granskning och diskussion. Syftet med genomgången var att göra en omfattande uppdatering av bredden och djupet inom svensk dagvattenforskning i en nationell och internationell kontext. De utvalda artiklarna grupperades utifrån dagvattnets väg från källa via transport och rening till recipient, och placerades sedan i en av tio kategorier (baserat på artikelns huvudinriktning). Forskningsartiklarna kopplade till respektive kategori beskrevs sedan för att ge en översikt över det aktuella kunskapstillståndet inom ett svenskt forskningssammanhang, tillsammans med identifierade luckor i forskningen. Rapporten avslutas med ett antal förslag för vidare forskning.När det gäller föroreningskällor är den skadliga inverkan av städernas dagvattenavrinning på de mottagande recipienternas vattenkvalitet väl etablerad i ett svenskt sammanhang. De viktigaste källorna till diffusföroreningsspridning (t.ex. trafik, industriområden) har varit föremål för avsevärd uppmärksamhet när det gäller klassiska föroreningar från städer (metaller, kolväten och partiklar). Vi vet dock mycket mindre om deras bidrag till förekomsten av ett större antal ämnen, t.ex. mikroplaster och PFAS, i stadsmiljön, eller de processer som bidrar till frigöring av föroreningar och hur dessa varierar med tiden i relation till t.ex. åldring, korrosion och klimatförändringar. Vartefter nya material introduceras i våra stadsmiljöer behöver nya ämnen identifieras och deras frigöringsmönster över tid studeras för att hantera de nuvarande riskerna och informera berörda inom stadsutveckling hur man minskar risken att bidra till framtida diffusa föroreningsbelastningar. Föroreningsspridningen från stadsmiljön till vattenrecipienterna går via direkta dagvattenutsläpp, utsläpp av behandlat/renat dagvatten eller via bräddning från kombinerade avloppsnät. Torrdeposition är en annan väg (t.ex. vindspridning och/eller uppvirvling av tidigare deponerade partiklar) men vi vet lite om dess relativa betydelse jämfört med våt deposition. Det finns en allt mer gedigen svensk databas med avseende på dagvattenkvalitet, provtaget från många olika typer av markanvändning och ytor. Endast en mindre del av forskningen behandlar den ekotoxikologiska påverkan av dagvattenutsläpp på vattenrecipienternas ekologi. Dessutom, även om det finns standardmetoder för att avgöra många etablerade föroreningar, är analytiska metoder för bedömning av t.ex. mikroplast fortfarande under utveckling, vilket innebär att jämförelser mellan studier försvåras. När det gäller att förutse föroreningskoncentrationer har flera kvantitativa modeller utökats för att koppla dagvattenflöden till kvalitetsdata. Dessa har dock oftast problem med att tillförlitligt förutse koncentrationer på andra platser än där modellen tagits fram, vilket visar att ytterligare forskning krävs. När det gäller dagvattenmängder är användning avmodeller som förutser flödesvolymer mycket mer etablerade, och den aktuella forskningen fokuserar på att minska osäkerheter och hur man ska kunna förutse avrinningsvolymer kopplade till de förutspådda klimatförändringarna.Det finns nu nationellt, och allt mer internationellt, erkännande av behovet att behandla och rena dagvattenfrån städer innan det når vattenrecipienterna. Eftersom rörsystem har lite – om ens något – att erbjuda när det gäller rening, finns ett ökande intresse av att använda den blå-gröna infrastrukturen (BGI) för att hantera både vattnets kvantitets- och kvalitetsmål. Termen BGI avser ett brett område av åtgärder för att kontrollera dagvattnet, från växtbäddar/biofilter till anlagda våtmarker, vilka också kan bidra till ytterligare ekosystemtjänster, t.ex. lokala minskningar av luftföroreningar, temperatur och buller. Som sådana är deras användning av potentiellt intresse för många fler intressenter än de som traditionellt är inblandadei stadsplanering, och ett viktigt forskningstema är hur man integrerar användningen av BGI i de aktuella institutionella strukturerna. Denna rapport avslutas med att identifiera ett antal kunskapsluckor och gör rekommendationer om fortsatt forskning för att både minska påverkan av städernas diffusa föroreningsspridning till vattenrecipienterna och att förbättra hållbarheten hos dagvattenhanteringen i Sverige.
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| 16. |
- Lundy, Lian, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of urban stormwater research in Sweden (2012-2021)
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report present the findings of a systematic review of Swedish stormwater research over the time period 2012-2021. Using defined search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 149 papers were shortlisted for detailed review and discussion. The aim of the review was to provide a comprehensive update on the breadth and depth of Swedish stormwater research in a national and international context. Following an initial review, short-listed papers were initially grouped using a source pathway receptor approach, and then allocated to one of ten categories (based on the paper’s main focus). The research papers associated with each topic are then described to provide an overview of the current state-of-knowledge within a Swedish research context together with identified research gaps. The report concludes with a series of recommendations for further research.In terms of sources, the deleterious impact of urban stormwater runoff (a term which includes snowmelt) on receiving waterbody quality is well established in a Swedish context. The key sources of diffuse pollution (e.g. traffic, industrial activities) have been the subject of considerable attention with regard to classical urban pollutants (metals, hydrocarbons and particulate matter). However, much less is understood about their contribution to the occurrence of a wider range of substances e.g. microplastics and PFAS to the urban environment or of the processes contributing to pollutant release and how these vary over time in relation to e.g. ageing, corrosion and climate change. As the diversity of materials used within urban environments increases, developing an understanding of the identity of substances and their patterns of release overtime is an increasing priority in terms of mitigating current risks as well as informing (re)development practices to avoid contributing to future diffuse pollution loads. Pathways from the urbanenvironment to receiving waters direct runoff, discharge after treatment or via combined sewer overflows. Dry deposition is a further pathway (e.g. wind dispersion and/or direct resuspension of previously settled particulate matter) but little is understood about its relative importance compared to wet deposition. There is an increasingly solid Swedish database pertaining to the quality of runoff derived from a variety of urban surfaces at sub-catchment scales. However, less is now about the ecotoxicological impact of these discharges on receiving water ecology. Further, whilst standard methods are available for the determination of many established pollutants, analytical methods for the assessment of e.g. microplastics are stillin development meaning comparison between studies is challenging. With regard to predicting pollutant concentrations, several quantitative models have been extended to link flows with quality data. However, these typically struggle to reliably predict concentrations outside of their original site of development, indicating further research is required. In terms of stormwater quantity, the use of models to predict flow volumes is much more established with current research focussed on reducing uncertainties and how to predict volumes associated with climate change predictions.There is now nationally, and increasingly internationally, recognition of the need to treat urban stormwater runoff before its discharge to receiving waters. As piped systems offer little – if anything – in terms of treatment, there is increasing interest in the use of the blue-green infrastructure (BGI) to manage both water quantity and quality objectives. The term BGI refers to a wide range of stormwater control measures– from rain gardens to constructed wetlands – which may also contribute to the delivery of a range of further ecosystem services e.g. local reductions in air pollution, temperature and noise. As such, their use is of potential interest to a wider range of stakeholders than those traditionally involved in urban planningand a key research theme is how to integrate the use of BGI within current institutional structures. This report concludes by identifying a series of knowledge gaps and makes recommendations for further research to both reduce the impact of urban diffuse pollution on receiving waters and enhancing the sustainability of stormwater management in Sweden.
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| 17. |
- Mikkelsen, Peter Steen, et al.
(författare)
-
Options de contrôle à la source pour la réduction d'émissions de substances prioritaires en zone urbaine : [ Source control options for reducing emissions of priority pollutants ]
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Techniques Sciences Methodes, Genie Urbain Genie Rural. - : Association scientifique et technique pour l'eau et l'environnement. - 0299-7258. ; 104:4, s. 77-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- L’objectif du projet ScorePP est de développer des stratégies de contrôle à la source complètes et appropriées que les autorités, les villes, les gestionnaires de l’eau et l’industrie chimique pourront utiliser pour réduire les émissions des polluants prioritaires (PP) des milieux aquatiques en zones urbaines. Le travail se focalise sur les 33 substances prioritaires et groupe de substances dangereuses identifiés dans la directive cadre sur l’eau (2000/60/CE). Cependant, cette liste peut être élargie pour inclure d’autres polluants émergents ou être réduite si des composés représentatifs peuvent être identifiés. Le travail initial se concentre sur 67 substances comprenant des substances identifiées dans la directive sur la norme de qualité environnementale européenne (NQE) (2008/105/CE), sur des composés caractéristiques ainsi que plusieurs dérivés organométalliques. L’information sur les propriétés inhérentes, la présence et le devenir environnemental et les questions législatives est disponible à travers une base de données publique. Un système de gestion de données combinant les classifications d’identification chimique (CAS#), les activités économiques (NACE) et les classifications des sources d’émission NOSE-P a également été développé comme base pour la caractérisation spatiale des sources des PP en utilisant le système d’information géographique (SIG). Une autre partie du projet se concentrera sur les modèles dynamiques pour l’évaluation de source/flux à échelle urbaine, sur l’identification des modèles d’émission et sur l’optimisation des programmes de contrôle dans des villes cas. Des comparaisons, se basant sur plusieurs critères de contrôle à la source contre des options de réduction de rejets finaux, en prenant en compte les impacts environnementaux et socio-économiques, seront également abordées. Une autre partie du projet se concentre sur l’acquisition et la génération de données sur les PP dans plusieurs villes cas. Cela permettra d’identifier les sources probables de PP, de cartographier ces sources à l’aide du SIG, de comprendre le flux de certains PP et de proposer des options de contrôle d’émission pour ces villes. Cette base de données permettra, par la suite, de proposer des stratégies de contrôles d’émissions spécifiques pour chaque ville cas.
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| 18. |
- Regueiro-Picallo, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Flow rate influence on sediment depth estimation in sewers using temperature sensors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 89:11, s. 3133-3146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancing sediment accumulation monitoring techniques in sewers will enable a better understanding of the build-up processes to develop improved cleaning strategies. Thermal sensors provide a solution to sediment depth estimation by passively monitoring temperature fluctuations in the wastewater and sediment beds, which allows evaluation of the heat-transfer processes in sewer pipes. This study analyses the influence of the flow conditions on heat-transfer processes at the water-sediment interface during dry weather flow conditions. For this purpose, an experimental campaign was performed by establishing different flow, temperature patterns, and sediment depth conditions in an annular flume, which ensured stable flow and room-temperature conditions. Numerical simulations were also performed to assess the impact of flow conditions on the relationships between sediment depth and harmonic parameters derived from wastewater and sediment-bed temperature patterns. Results show that heat transfer between water and sediment occurred instantaneously for velocities greater than 0.1 m/s, and that sediment depth estimations using temperature-based systems were barely sensitive to velocities between 0.1 and 0.4 m/s. A depth estimation accuracy of +/- 7 mm was achieved. This confirms the ability of using temperature sensors to monitor sediment build-up in sewers under dry weather conditions, without the need for flow monitoring.
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| 19. |
- Revitt, D. Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of pollutant emission control strategies for cadmium and mercury in urban water systems using substance flow analysis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 116, s. 172-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires Member States to protect inland surface and groundwater bodies but does not directly stipulate how the associated environmental quality standards should be achieved. This paper develops and assesses the performance of a series of urban emission control strategies (ECS) with an emphasis on the scientific and technological benefits which can be achieved. Data from the literature, in combination with expert judgement, have been used to develop two different semi-hypothetical case cities (SHCC), which represent virtual platforms for the evaluation of ECS using substance flow analysis (SFA). The results indicate that the full implementation of existing EU legislation is capable of reducing the total emissions of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) by between 11% and 20%. The ability to apply voluntary reduction practices is shown to be particularly effective for Cd with the potential to further lower the overall emissions by between 16% and 27%. The most efficient protection of the receiving surface water environment is strongly influenced by the city characteristics with the introduction of stormwater treatment practices being particularly effective for one city (59% reduction of Hg; 39% reduction of Cd) and the other city being most influenced by the presence of efficient advanced wastewater treatment processes (63% reduction of Hg; 43% reduction of Cd). These reductions in receiving water loads are necessarily accompanied by either increases in stormwater sediment loadings (2.6–14.9 kg/year or 0.6–2.4 kg/year for Hg) or wastewater sludge loadings (45.8–57.2 kg/year or 42.0–57.4 kg/year for Cd).
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| 20. |
- Søberg, Laila
(författare)
-
Metal pathways in stormwater treatment systems
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff affect the ecological status of receiving surface waters. To avoid this, various stormwater treatment systems have been developed and implemented during the last 50 years. One of themost common and continuously popular systems is wet stormwater ponds. Another and relatively new type of system is stormwater biofilters. In wet stormwater ponds the function and design with respect to both waterquantity and water quality has been comprehensively addressed in scientific studies. Concerns today are more related to the fact that they serve as aquatic and wildlife habitats thereby posing a possible ecological risk. Incontrast, for stormwater biofilters, a knowledge gap regarding function and factors affecting their performance still exists.Understanding metal pathways in these two systems can support development of future stormwater management by identifying ways to improve the treatment of stormwater discharges and minimize risks of metals spreadingfrom treatment facilities to the natural environment. Thus, in this thesis metal pathways in wet stormwater ponds and stormwater biofilters were investigated in laboratory studies and field experiments to evaluate metal accu-mulation in different compartments of the two systems. For wet stormwater ponds the primary issue addressed in focus was their risk of affecting the wider environment whereas for stormwater biofilters was about their capaci-ty to improve stormwater runoff discharge. The study was performed by sampling resident fauna in wet stormwater ponds to evaluate bioaccumulation and biomagnification in wet stormwater ponds; sediment was sampled to estimate pollutant loads they receive; and mussel biomarkers were used to assess bioaccumulation over time in them. In addition, a laboratory study wasconducted to assess the reliability of mussels as biomarkers. To assess metal removal pathways and efficiency in stormwater biofilters, heavy metal concentrations were measured in the influent and effluent, as well as in thefilter material and the roots and shoots of stormwater biofilter vegetation.Mussel biomarkers were not confirmed to be a reliable method to assess the ecological state of wet stormwater ponds since they did not reflect the overall bioaccumulation in them. However, the use of resident fauna seemspromising for this purpose since the metal pollution load received by the wet stormwater ponds was reflected in the resident fauna. The results of this study indicated that despite being continuously loaded with heavy metalswet stormwater ponds have the ability to provide high biodiversity and thus ecosystem services without critically contaminating the resident fauna. However, with time wet stormwater ponds will likely end up constituting anecological risk to the surrounding environment.The investigated stormwater biofilters showed an overall efficient metal removal. The retained metals were trapped in the top layer of the filter material and in the roots and shoots of the biofilter vegetation. However, saltwas found to have a negative effect on stormwater biofilter performance inducing leaching of dissolved Cu and Pb and impeding plant metal uptake. Temperature variation did not generally affect metal removal but low tem-peratures caused a higher plant metal uptake than high temperatures. The presence of a submerged zone had a positive effect on stormwater biofilters, improving the overall metal removal from stormwater and plant metaluptake as well as plant health. By drawing parallels between the two studied systems, wet stormwater ponds will most likely be negativelyaffected by wintry conditions, constituting a risk for receiving waters at the same time as they are more likely to pose an ecological risk to the wider environment than stormwater biofilters. Use of stormwater biofilters wherepossible is therefore recommended, to improve future urban stormwater management.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Taneez, Mehwish, et al.
(författare)
-
Impacts of stormwater pipe materials and pipe repairs on stormwater quality: a review
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 30:56, s. 118065-118077
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water quality implications of transferring stormwater through pipes composed of concrete (new and used), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), galvanized corrugated steel (GCS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and pipes subjected to cured in place pipe (CIPP) and spray in place pipe (SIPP) trenchless repair technologies on stormwater quality are reviewed. Studies involve either the use of flowing water or an immersion experimental design, with data showing contact with pipe materials can affect stormwater quality parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of minerals, metals, and organic constituents, e.g. styrene. ‘In-transport’ changes in pH (1–3 units), EC (2–3-fold), bicarbonate (3–44-fold), and calcium (2–17-fold) in stormwaters were reported following exposure to concrete pipes. Differences between the use of synthetic and field-collected stormwater were identified, e.g. turbidity levels in field-collected stormwater reduced on passage through all pipe types, compared to synthetic water where levels of turbidity on exposure to concrete and cement-based SIPP increased slightly. Transfer through PVC and HDPE pipes had minimal effects on physicochemical parameters, whereas exposure to galvanized corrugated steel pipes led to increases in EC, Zn, and Pb. Though limited data was available, the use of CIPP repairs and associated waste condensate generated during thermal curing and/or incomplete curing of resins was identified to release organic contaminants of concerns (e.g. styrene, vinylic monomers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and benzaldehyde). The implications of findings for both future research and stakeholders with responsibility for reducing diffuse pollution loads to receiving waters are considered.
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| 23. |
- Vezzaro, Luca, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban stormwater management
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2053-1400 .- 2053-1419. ; 9:12, s. 3091-3093
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
- Wei, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
A study of 101 organic substances in gully pot sediments accumulated over a one-year period in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 894
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stormwater runoff is a key pathway for diffuse pollutants to enter receiving waters. Mitigating measures include pollutant substitution, restricting their release into the urban technosphere and limiting the (re-)mobilisation of substances to minimise their negative impacts on receiving waters. Gully pots (GPs) are one of the most ubiquitous urban drainage infrastructure components, providing both a drainage function and limiting the onward transport of pollutants through in-pot sedimentation processes. In this study, sediments accumulated over a one-year period were collected from 26 GPs in catchments of four land-use types in Stockholm, Sweden. Sediments were analysed for 101 organic substances from eight substance groups (hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, organotins, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and brominated fire retardants) to inform an assessment of their occurrence and net accumulation rates over a typical unit operation period. A total of 63 substances were quantified in at least one GP, with aliphatic hydrocarbons, phthalates and organotins quantified in all GP sediments, highlighting their ubiquitous use. The identification of 14 and 21 organic substances in two pedestrian/bike path GPs emphasise the contribution of non-vehicular sources to diffuse pollutant loads. Significantly higher mass accumulation rates of 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenols, formaldehyde, dioctyltin and dibutyltin are identified in commercial catchment GPs suggesting the need to enhance source-tracing and runoff quality-control measures within catchments of this land-use type. Sediments in 25 GPs were identified with at least one substance exceeding toxicology-based threshold values, highlighting the runoff quality-control function of GPs in reducing the potential ecotoxic impacts on recipients.
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| 25. |
- Wei, Haoyu
(författare)
-
Accumulation and Composition of Gully Pot Sediments under Varying Anthropogenic Activities
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gully pots (GPs) are an integral urban drainage component, contributing to conveying runoff from urban surfaces and reducing the load of solids and associated contaminants entering downstream piped systems and receiving waters. Over time, the silting-up of GPs impairs their hydraulic performance, increasing the risk of GP blockage-induced flood events and reducing solids retention performance. These challenges are typically addressed through GP emptying programmes. However, current GP maintenance strategies lack clear aims and a robust evidence-base, against which their effectiveness can be benchmarked. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis is to enhance understanding of the factors influencing the physicochemical properties and accumulation of solids in GPs, thereby laying the groundwork for further assessment and optimisation of GP maintenance strategies. The study encompasses various anthropogenic factors such as land use types, seasonal activities, traffic conditions, environmental regulatory measures, GP design and catchment characteristics. Research reported in this thesis includes both desk-based modelling (e.g. a study on sediment scour behaviours), and the results of an extensive field sampling campaign (sediments from a total of 87 GPs were assessed for dry masses, particle size distribution (PSD) and a range of conventional and emerging urban and traffic-related substances).The considerable variations in physicochemical properties, mass accumulation rates of sediments and associated contaminants in GPs question the utility of the prevalent generalised maintenance strategy. Although GPs in trafficked roads showed significantly higher solids mass accumulation rates compared to those in non-trafficked catchments, this factor alone could not fully explain observed variations. For example, whilst selected typically traffic-sourced contaminants such as 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and heavy-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH-H) exhibited significantly higher concentrations in GP sediments from trafficked roads, further typically-traffic-related pollutants (e.g. aliphatic hydrocarbon > C16-C35 and Zn), as well as 4-nonylphenol (NP) and monobutyltin (MBT) were reported for GPs located in commercial and car parking land-use types. In terms of temporal dynamics, winter-spring road safety measures did not consistently result in significantly higher solids mass accumulation rates compared to summer-autumn accumulation data. However, where present, a greater influence of winter-spring road safety measures was identified under certain conditions. For example, GPs along straight roads with adjacent pedestrian/bicycle paths showed an up-to 130-fold increase in solids accumulation rates following winter-spring accumulation, largely due to the practice of using coarse traction grits in this road feature type. Synergistic impacts of winter-spring road safety measures and road layout features were also observed. This includes amplified tyre and road wear (a function of the combined use of studded tyres, traction grits and frequent braking at roundabouts) is identified as contributing to e.g. significantly higher mass fraction of <63 µm sediments and concentrations of Zn, Cd, OP, selected PAHs and phthalates in corresponding GPs following winter-spring accumulation. Additionally, significant temporal changes in basic parameters of GP sediments such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were identified, indicating substance phase changes (e.g. adsorption/desorption) at solid-liquid interfaces should be anticipated, and their impact considered when assessing GP sediment management needs.This research also contributes to sediment management through the characterisation of GP sediments for a broad list of contaminants. The comparison of sediment substance concentrations with Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNECs) (and, where these are not available, with Norwegian guideline values) indicated that 31 substances in at least one investigated GP exceeded threshold values. This demonstrates that GPs can accumulate contaminated sediments and underscores the need to revisit the role of GPs in mitigating runoff quality (and quantity) as part of an integrated urban stormwater management plan.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Wei, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
An assessment of gully pot sediment scour behaviour under current and potential future rainfall conditions
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gully pots actively trap sediments transported by urban runoff to prevent in-pipe blockages and surface flooding. However, due to poor maintenance (resulting in sediment build-up) and increasingly extreme wet weather events, the scour of previously-deposited sediments from gully pots is identified as a potential contributor to EU Water Framework Directive failure. While basal sediment scour deterministic models have been developed and validated using laboratory and field gully pot data sets, the ability of these models to predict behaviour at sites other than those for which they were established has not been addressed. Nor has the impact of future rainfall predictions on the role of gully pots as sediment sources been systematically examined. As a contribution to addressing these knowledge gaps, the performance of two gully pot basal sediment scour models of distinct complexity levels are evaluated under current and future rainfall conditions. The output from Model One suggests that the scour-induced total suspended solids in gully pot discharge can be kept well below 25 mg/L if the gully pot fullness level is maintained at under 60%. Results identify the opportunity to incorporate the actual/targeted ecological status of recipients in scheduling gully pot maintenance operations and that proactive gully pots maintenance will reduce the impacts of increased rainfall intensity/duration on the magnitude of sediment scour. Results from Model Two suggest that fine sediments are particularly susceptible to in-pot scour. For example, sediment with a specific gravity of 1.1 and diameter of >63 μm accounts for 50% of scour-induced total suspended solids in gully pot discharge. The effluent suspended solids concentrations predicted by the two models differ by up to two orders of magnitude. However, without further empirical field data pertaining to their respective competences/applications, neither model could be discounted at this stage. For example, the use of Model One is more appropriate in the establishment of gully pot maintenance schedules, with Model Two more suited to the dimensioning of gully pots based on performance requirements. This application, however, relies on the development and adoption of a more stringent regulation on gully pots discharge.
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| 28. |
- Wei, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
An evaluation of temporal changes in physicochemical properties of gully pot sediments
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:43, s. 65452-65465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffuse pollution is recognised as a major challenge in achieving EU Water Framework Directive compliance, with urban runoff being a key pathway connecting various sources to receiving waters. Gully pots, as one of the ubiquitous urban drainage infrastructures, are placed at the inlets of piped drainage pipe network and actively drain runoff from urban catchment with suspended solids proportionally retained. The physiochemical properties of these retained solids reflect the activities within the catchment during the accumulation period. In this work, seven gully pots in two catchment types (highway and housing) in Luleå, Sweden were fully emptied and sediments analysed for total mass, particle size distribution and selected metal concentrations by six size fractions. The results of this sampling campaign are compared with the results of a 2005 study of the same gully pots to identify changes in the physicochemical properties of sediments over time and examine whether changes identified can be linked to changes in wider catchment management practices. The results highlight the potential impacts of winter road maintenance operations (e.g. up to a fifteen-fold higher solids loading rate in road catchment gully pots), reaching a normalised solids accumulation rate of 0.176 - 0.819 kg m2 year-1. An increase in tyre and road wear associated with winter road maintenance operations is also understood to contribute to the temporal increase of several metals including Cu, Zn, Co, Cr and V in the < 63µm solids fraction in the road catchment gully pots. The concentrations of As and Pb decrease in all size fractions in both catchments, with the implementation of unleaded fuels (for Pb in housing catchment only), End-of-Life Vehicle Directive (Directive 2000/53/EC) (for Pb in both catchments), and strengthened industrial emission reduction measures suggested as possible drivers. The high contamination load for Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in < 63 µm sediments from low-traffic housing catchment also emphasised the necessity of tracing and restricting non-traffic related metal sources. Further seasonal monitoring of gully pot sediments is recommended to fully follow up the development of metals loading in both catchments.
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| 29. |
- Wei, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating the impacts of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on the accumulation of gully pot sediments : [Évaluer les impacts des activités saisonnières et des conditions de circulation sur l'accumulation des sédiments des avaloirs ]
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current gully pot maintenance strategies lack a robust evidence base and clear aims against which performance can be benchmarked. To facilitate discussions, questions on their long-term in-situ performance in trapping sediments and associated contaminants - and how they are impacted by various factors - require robust interrogation. As a contribution, this paper presents sediments data from 27 gully pots located at sites with various street layouts (roundabout; straight road; road crossing) and traffic intensities (<1000-23666 vehicles/day), over two accumulation periods: winter-spring and summer-autumn 2020-2021. On an annual basis, gully pots retained 0.54–44.2 (median: 10.95) kg (dry mass) over 151–189 days, corresponding to a solids accumulation rate of 2.5–1140.6 (median: 69.4) g/m2/year. Of the 27 gully pots, 18 gully pots showed significant seasonal variations in solids accumulation rates though the dominant season was not consistent. For example, roundabouts exhibited a significantly higher solids accumulation rate over the summer-autumn period in comparison to road crossing and straight road gully pots where accumulation was typically higher in the winter-spring season. Further, in contrast to the latter street layouts, a significant negative correlation between traffic intensity and solids accumulation rate was identified at roundabout gully pots, with the turning action of vehicles generating higher levels of sediment resuspension suggested as a possible contributing factor.
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| 30. |
- Wei, Haoyu
(författare)
-
Evaluating the transport and composition of gully pot sediments : Under changing anthropogenic activities and rainfall regimes
- 2022
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gully pots are a fundamental runoff quality and quantity control measure installed in urban catchments around the world. However, their ubiquitous use in urban catchments also incurs a substantial resource demand in terms of routine maintenance if their continuous performance is to be assured. The studies included in this licentiate thesis advance knowledge on the potential risks and benefits associated with gully pots systems with regard to their role as a component of the pathway of surface runoff from urban catchments to receiving waters. The thesis interrogates the risks of previously deposited sediments being scoured under current and potential future rainfall conditions and the benefits of gully pots functioning as a temporal repository for pollutants as well as their potential role as a tool for tracking diffuse pollution changes at a local catchment level. Pollutant mobilisation during artificial gully pot emptying processes, and the implications of this for their subsequent management, are also discussed. The results provide insights into additional factors that need to be taken into account when developing gully pot management regimes. For the above purposes, the materials presented in this thesis include modelling, field and laboratory studies. To estimate the impact associated with scouring of deposited solids from gully pots in the Swedish context (i.e. rainfall conditions and catchment characteristics), two storm-event based condition matrices were developed based on the output derived using two models from the literature. Model one outputs indicate that the scour-induced total suspended solids discharged from the gully pot can be kept below 25 mg/L if the gully pot fullness level is maintained below 60 % fullness level. Model two highlighted the higher susceptibility to scour and remobilisation of finer and lighter solids. The potential of this model to inform the dimensioning of gully pots to reduce the scouring of solids of a certain size range under targeted rainfall events is identified. In the field study, seven gully pots in two catchment types (trafficked road and housing land uses) in Luleå, Sweden, were fully emptied and the physicochemical properties of sediments and dredged waters characterised. By comparing data with the results of an earlier sampling of the same seven gully pots, a temporal increase in the normalised solids accumulation rate in the road catchment was highlighted, reaching 0.176 – 0.819 kg·m-2·year-1. In terms of pollutants, a significant temporal decrease in median As and Pb concentrations and increases in median Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni and Co concentrations in sediments of certain size ranges were reported. In terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a major temporal shift from a light weight PAH dominated profile to a heavy weight PAH dominated profile was identified. Discussions consider if, and if so how, the characterised temporal changes may relate to changes in catchment practices which have occurred during the time interval between sampling periods. With the exception of Cd, total pollutant loadings per gully pot were 1.5 – 8 times higher in road catchment gully pots than housing catchment gully pots. The hydraulic dredging approach to gully pot emptying used in this work remobilised < 20 % of pollutants from the sediments phase into dredged waters, with the majority of these pollutants associated with suspended materials. A comparison of the pollutant concentrations in dredged waters with available quality standards/guidelines identifies the need for further treatment to minimise their potential ecological impacts on receiving water recipients.
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| 31. |
- Wei, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on the contamination and accumulation of gully pot sediments: Metal(loid)s and organic substances
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 948
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gully pots (GPs) are an integral urban drainage component, transferring surface runoff into piped systems and reducing sediment and contaminant load on downstream sewers and receiving waters. Sediment build-up in GPs impairs their hydraulic performance, necessitating maintenance for hydraulic function recovery. The variations in sediment accumulation rates between GPs suggested by earlier studies challenge the effectiveness of adopting a generalised maintenance frequency. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding how various factors influence sediment contamination in GPs. The impacts of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on the contamination of sediments in 27 GPs in areas with varying traffic intensities and street features (roundabouts, intersections, and straight roads) were examined. Over one year, GPs were emptied twice, with sediments collected for winter-spring and summer-autumn accumulation periods. These sediments were analysed for 84 substances, including metal(loid)s, hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organotins. Significant temporal changes were identified in key parameters such as electrical conductivity, total organic carbons, tungsten (W), heavy-molecular-weight PAHs (PAH-H) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in GP sediments, influenced by winter road safety measures and autumn leaf abscissions. Significantly higher concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol, DIDP, diisononyl phthalate, antimony and W were identified in GP sediments from roundabouts compared to those at the other two street features, exclusively during the winter-spring period. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of winter road safety measures and stop-and-go traffic patterns at roundabouts. No consistent spatial and temporal patterns were identified for substance concentration and mass accumulation rates. Results underscore the potential to develop a prioritisation-based maintenance strategy as an opportunity to enhance the efficiency of GP maintenance operations, ensuring better resource allocation and reduced environmental impact.
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| 32. |
- Wei, Haoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on the accumulation and particle size distribution of gully pot sediments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gully pots (GPs) are ubiquitously used in urban catchments, to direct surface runoff into piped sewer systems, reduce the risk of sediment-induced pipe blockages and the loading of solids and associated contaminants on the receiving waters. Over time, the build-up of sediments in GPs will lead to impaired hydraulic performance, putting the urban catchment at risk of flooding. However, GP maintenance strategies lack both a robust evidence base and clear aims against which their effectiveness can be benchmarked. An improved understanding of the factors influencing long-term in-situ solids accumulation in GPs is required for further assessment and optimisation of the GP maintenance scheme. As a contribution to addressing these knowledge gaps, sediments from 27 GPs located in urban catchments associated with three street feature types (roundabout; crossing; straight road) and varied traffic intensities were collected on two occasions, representing two distinct seasonal accumulation periods. Parameters including GP fullness levels, particle size distribution (PSD), and solids mass accumulation rates were evaluated with regards to the impacts of seasonal activities, traffic conditions as well as configuration and dimension of GPs. The results indicate impacts of seasonal activities on solids accumulation rates were not consistent across all GPs, with the magnitude of the difference larger following winter-spring catchment practices. Additionally, synergistic impacts of seasonal activities and traffic conditions on PSD and solids accumulation rates were observed. For example, the winter road safety measures may enhance the impacts of the characteristic vehicle turning motions at roundabouts, contributing to the negative correlation identified between traffic intensities and solids accumulation rates. The overall exhibited large variations in sump fullness levels (4 %–73 %) and solids dry mass (0.5–51 kg) directly challenged the commonly adopted generalised GP maintenance frequency without taking the catchment-specific activities into consideration.
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