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- Bakari, M, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in relation to CD4 counts among HIV-infected police officers in Dar es Salaam
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tropical doctor. - : SAGE Publications. - 0049-4755 .- 1758-1133. ; 33:1, s. 44-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among HIV-infected individuals, skin diseases cause significant morbidity and are frequently the initial indication of immunosuppression. From an on-going cohort study to determine prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among police officers (POs) and their suitability for HIV vaccine trials, a sub-study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases among HIV-infected POs and relate this to their immunodeficiency status. Consenting HIV-infected POs and their age and sex-matched HIV-negative officers were assessed for presence and type of skin diseases at their workplaces. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Immunodeficiency was measured by plasma CD4+ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Between November 1998 and 31 December 2000, 716 POs were assessed. Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 17.7% (127/716). One hundred and ninety-one POs (26.7%) had at least one skin diagnosis. HIV-infected POs had significantly higher (41.7%) prevalence of skin diseases than HIV-uninfected POs (26.4%), P=0.002. Fungal infections were common in both HIV-infected and uninfected POs. Among the HIV infected, other common diseases were: Herpes zoster (11.8%); pruritic papular eruption (PPE) (7.1%); seborrheic dermatitis (5.5%); and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (1.6%). KS and PPE were associated with severe immunodeficiency, with mean absolute (percentage) CD4+ counts of 75.5 cells/μL (4.0%) and 71.7 cells/μL (4.8%), respectively. The values for herpes zoster and seborrheic dermatitis were 271.1 cells/μL (12.4%) and 206.3 cells/μL (11.3%), respectively. Skin diseases were common among HIV-infected POs. PPE and KS are markers of severe immunodeficiency due to HIV. PPE, herpes zoster and KS strongly suggest underlying HIV-related immunodeficiency and patients with these conditions should be counselled and tested for HIV.
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- Msafiri, F, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent Anti-V1V2 Responses Induced by HIV-DNA Followed by HIV-MVA with or without CN54rgp140/GLA-AF in Healthy African Volunteers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody responses that correlated with reduced risk of HIV acquisition in the RV144 efficacy trial were assessed in healthy African volunteers who had been primed three times with HIV-DNA (subtype A, B, C) and then randomized into two groups; group 1 was boosted twice with HIV-MVA (CRF01_AE) and group 2 with the same HIV-MVA coadministered with subtype C envelope (Env) protein (CN54rgp140/GLA-AF). The fine specificity of plasma Env-specific antibody responses was mapped after the final vaccination using linear peptide microarray technology. Binding IgG antibodies to the V1V2 loop in CRF01_AE and subtype C Env and Env-specific IgA antibodies were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Functional antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibody responses were measured using luciferase assay. Mapping of linear epitopes within HIV-1 Env demonstrated strong targeting of the V1V2, V3, and the immunodominant region in gp41 in both groups, with additional recognition of two epitopes located in the C2 and C4 regions in group 2. A high frequency of V1V2-specific binding IgG antibody responses was detected to CRF01_AE (77%) and subtype C antigens (65%). In conclusion, coadministration of CN54rgp140/GLA-AF with HIV-MVA did not increase the frequency, breadth, or magnitude of anti-V1V2 responses or ADCC-mediating antibodies induced by boosting with HIV-MVA alone.
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- Horvath, A, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic comparison of HIV-1 Envelope-specific IgG responses induced by different vaccination regimens: Can we steer IgG recognition towards regions of viral vulnerability?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13, s. 1075606-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunogens and vaccination regimens can influence patterns of immune-epitope recognition, steering them towards or away from epitopes of potential viral vulnerability. HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific antibodies targeting variable region 2 (V2) or 3 (V3) correlated with protection during the RV144 trial, however, it was suggested that the immunodominant V3 region might divert antibody responses away from other relevant sites. We mapped IgG responses against linear Env epitopes in five clinical HIV vaccine trials, revealing a specific pattern of Env targeting for each regimen. Notable V2 responses were only induced in trials administering CRF01_AE based immunogens, but targeting of V3 was seen in all trials, with the soluble, trimeric CN54gp140 protein eliciting robust V3 recognition. Strong V3 targeting was linked to greater overall response, increased number of total recognised antigenic regions, and where present, stronger V2 recognition. Hence, strong induction of V3-specific antibodies did not negatively impact the targeting of other linear epitopes in this study, suggesting that the induction of antibodies against V3 and other regions of potential viral vulnerability need not be necessarily mutually exclusive.
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- Joachim, A, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent and Durable Anti-HIV Envelope VIV2 IgG Responses Induced by HIV-1 DNA Priming and HIV-MVA Boosting in Healthy Tanzanian Volunteers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vaccines. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-393X. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated antibody responses to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope variable regions 1 and 2 (V1V2) in 29 vaccinees who had received three HIV-1 DNA immunizations and two HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boosts in the phase I/II HIVIS03 vaccine trial. Twenty vaccinees received a third HIV-MVA boost after three years in the HIVIS06 trial. IgG and IgG antibody subclasses to gp70V1V2 proteins of HIV-1 A244, CN54, Consensus C, and Case A2 were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cyclic V2 peptides of A244, Consensus C, and MN were used in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. Four weeks after the second HIV-MVA, anti-V1V2 IgG antibodies to A244 were detected in 97% of HIVIS03 vaccinees, in 75% three years later, and in 95% after the third HIV-MVA. Anti-CN54 V1V2 IgG was detectable in 48% four weeks after the second HIV-MVA. The SPR data supported the findings. The IgG response was predominantly IgG1. Four weeks after the second HIV-MVA, 85% of vaccinees had IgG1 antibodies to V1V2 A244, which persisted in 25% for three-years. IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies to V1V2 A244 were rare. In conclusion, the HIV-DNA/MVA vaccine regimen induced durable V1V2 IgG antibody responses in a high proportion of vaccinees.
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- Mbwana, Judica, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular characterization of Haemophilus ducreyi isolates from different geographical locations.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - 0095-1137. ; 44:1, s. 132-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was adapted and optimized to study Haemophilus ducreyi isolates. A panel of 43 strains isolated from chancroid patients from different countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Asia were characterized. The strains were also studied with respect to lipooligosaccharide (LOS) migration and immunoblotting patterns and the presence of cytolethal distending toxin genes. The RAPD method with the OPJ20 primer generated nine banding patterns (1 to 9). The majority of the isolates were clustered into two major profiles, 14 and 13 strains into profiles 1 and 2, respectively, and just a few strains revealed patterns 3 and 4. The isolates from Thailand were exceptional in that they showed greater diversity and were represented by six different RAPD patterns, i.e., patterns 3 and 5 to 9. The LOS migration and immunoblotting analyses revealed two different patterns, which indicated long and short forms of LOS; the former was found in 20/23 tested strains. Two strains that expressed the short form of LOS were grouped into RAPD pattern 4. The absence of cdtABC genes was observed in only 4/23 strains, and three of these isolates were assigned to RAPD pattern 4. Our results showed limited genotypic and phenotypic variations among H. ducreyi strains, as supported by the conserved RAPD and LOS profiles shared by the majority of the studied strains. However, the RAPD method identified differences between strains, including those from different geographic areas, which indicate the potential of RAPD as an epidemiological tool for the typing of H. ducreyi isolates in countries where chancroid is endemic.
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- Mbwana, Judica, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of serum antibodies to human papilloma virus in patients with genital ulcer disease in an urban population of Tanzania.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sexually transmitted infections. - : BMJ. - 1368-4973. ; 83:1, s. 64-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Tanzania is largely unknown both in risk groups and in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the cumulative seroprevalence of selected HPV types in order to evaluate exposure to HPV in urban Tanzania. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study, sera of 200 patients of both sexes with genital ulcer disease (GUD) and sera of 60 male blood donors and 60 pregnant women were tested for antibodies to the oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 51 and 52 using an ELISA based on virus-like particles (VLP). RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of HPV types for all patients with GUD was 83% and 77% for women and men, respectively. For pregnant women and male blood donors, the corresponding percentages were 55% and 15%, respectively. The most common HPV types were 16, 18 and 52. Infection with multiple types was more than 10 and 5 times more frequent than infection with a single type 16 in patients with GUD and in pregnant women, respectively. The seroprevalence to HPV types 16, 18, 51 and 52 was considerably higher in HIV-positive patients with GUD than in HIV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: Infections with the oncogenic HPV types 16, 18 and 52 are common among patients with GUD and pregnant women in urban Tanzania, emphasising the need for control, treatment and implementation of appropriate HPV vaccine programmes.
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