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- Bakari, M, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in relation to CD4 counts among HIV-infected police officers in Dar es Salaam
- 2003
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Ingår i: Tropical doctor. - : SAGE Publications. - 0049-4755 .- 1758-1133. ; 33:1, s. 44-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among HIV-infected individuals, skin diseases cause significant morbidity and are frequently the initial indication of immunosuppression. From an on-going cohort study to determine prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among police officers (POs) and their suitability for HIV vaccine trials, a sub-study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases among HIV-infected POs and relate this to their immunodeficiency status. Consenting HIV-infected POs and their age and sex-matched HIV-negative officers were assessed for presence and type of skin diseases at their workplaces. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Immunodeficiency was measured by plasma CD4+ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Between November 1998 and 31 December 2000, 716 POs were assessed. Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 17.7% (127/716). One hundred and ninety-one POs (26.7%) had at least one skin diagnosis. HIV-infected POs had significantly higher (41.7%) prevalence of skin diseases than HIV-uninfected POs (26.4%), P=0.002. Fungal infections were common in both HIV-infected and uninfected POs. Among the HIV infected, other common diseases were: Herpes zoster (11.8%); pruritic papular eruption (PPE) (7.1%); seborrheic dermatitis (5.5%); and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (1.6%). KS and PPE were associated with severe immunodeficiency, with mean absolute (percentage) CD4+ counts of 75.5 cells/μL (4.0%) and 71.7 cells/μL (4.8%), respectively. The values for herpes zoster and seborrheic dermatitis were 271.1 cells/μL (12.4%) and 206.3 cells/μL (11.3%), respectively. Skin diseases were common among HIV-infected POs. PPE and KS are markers of severe immunodeficiency due to HIV. PPE, herpes zoster and KS strongly suggest underlying HIV-related immunodeficiency and patients with these conditions should be counselled and tested for HIV.
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- Horvath, A, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic comparison of HIV-1 Envelope-specific IgG responses induced by different vaccination regimens: Can we steer IgG recognition towards regions of viral vulnerability?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13, s. 1075606-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunogens and vaccination regimens can influence patterns of immune-epitope recognition, steering them towards or away from epitopes of potential viral vulnerability. HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific antibodies targeting variable region 2 (V2) or 3 (V3) correlated with protection during the RV144 trial, however, it was suggested that the immunodominant V3 region might divert antibody responses away from other relevant sites. We mapped IgG responses against linear Env epitopes in five clinical HIV vaccine trials, revealing a specific pattern of Env targeting for each regimen. Notable V2 responses were only induced in trials administering CRF01_AE based immunogens, but targeting of V3 was seen in all trials, with the soluble, trimeric CN54gp140 protein eliciting robust V3 recognition. Strong V3 targeting was linked to greater overall response, increased number of total recognised antigenic regions, and where present, stronger V2 recognition. Hence, strong induction of V3-specific antibodies did not negatively impact the targeting of other linear epitopes in this study, suggesting that the induction of antibodies against V3 and other regions of potential viral vulnerability need not be necessarily mutually exclusive.
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- Mbwana, Judica, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of serum antibodies to human papilloma virus in patients with genital ulcer disease in an urban population of Tanzania.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sexually transmitted infections. - : BMJ. - 1368-4973. ; 83:1, s. 64-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Tanzania is largely unknown both in risk groups and in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the cumulative seroprevalence of selected HPV types in order to evaluate exposure to HPV in urban Tanzania. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study, sera of 200 patients of both sexes with genital ulcer disease (GUD) and sera of 60 male blood donors and 60 pregnant women were tested for antibodies to the oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 51 and 52 using an ELISA based on virus-like particles (VLP). RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of HPV types for all patients with GUD was 83% and 77% for women and men, respectively. For pregnant women and male blood donors, the corresponding percentages were 55% and 15%, respectively. The most common HPV types were 16, 18 and 52. Infection with multiple types was more than 10 and 5 times more frequent than infection with a single type 16 in patients with GUD and in pregnant women, respectively. The seroprevalence to HPV types 16, 18, 51 and 52 was considerably higher in HIV-positive patients with GUD than in HIV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: Infections with the oncogenic HPV types 16, 18 and 52 are common among patients with GUD and pregnant women in urban Tanzania, emphasising the need for control, treatment and implementation of appropriate HPV vaccine programmes.
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