| 1. |
- Kownacki, J, et al.
(författare)
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High-spin studies of the neutron deficient nuclei In-103, In-105, In-107, and In-109
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 627:2, s. 239-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states of the isotopes 103,105,107,109In have been investigated using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic methods. Results from three different experiments are presented. Targets of 54Fe, 50Cr, and 92Mo were bombarded by a 270 and 261 MeV 58Ni beam and by a 95 MeV 19F beam, respectively. Reaction channel separation was achieved with a charged-particle detector array and in the first two experiments also with a 1π neutron detector system. As a result of these experiments the level schemes of 103,105,107,109In were significantly extended. Excited states of these odd-A indium isotopes are discussed within the framework of the nuclear shell model and the hole-core coupling scheme. The systematics of excited states of light odd-A indium isotopes is also discussed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Papadopoulos, N G, et al.
(författare)
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International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 67:8, s. 976-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents are available to support medical decisions on pediatric asthma. Although there is no doubt that the use of common systematic approaches for management can considerably improve outcomes, dissemination and implementation of these are still major challenges. Consequently, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), recently formed by the EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus on (ICON) Pediatric Asthma. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted. Overall, the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Assessment and monitoring should be performed regularly to re-evaluate and fine-tune treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. The optimal use of medication can, in most cases, help patients control symptoms and reduce the risk for future morbidity. The management of exacerbations is a major consideration, independent of chronic treatment. There is a trend toward considering phenotype-specific treatment choices; however, this goal has not yet been achieved.
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| 4. |
- Papadopoulos, N G, et al.
(författare)
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Viruses and bacteria in acute asthma exacerbations - A GA(2) LEN-DARE* systematic review.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To cite this article: Papadopoulos NG, Christodoulou I, Rohde G, Agache I, Almqvist C, Bruno A, Bonini S, Bont L, Bossios A, Bousquet J, Braido F, Brusselle G, Canonica GW, Carlsen KH, Chanez P, Fokkens WJ, Garcia-Garcia M, Gjomarkaj M, Haahtela T, Holgate ST, Johnston SL, Konstantinou G, Kowalski M, Lewandowska-Polak A, Lødrup-Carlsen K, Mäkelä M, Malkusova I, Mullol J, Nieto A, Eller E, Ozdemir C, Panzner P, Popov T, Psarras S, Roumpedaki E, Rukhadze M, Stipic-Markovic A, Todo Bom A, Toskala E, van Cauwenberge P, van Drunen C, Watelet JB, Xatzipsalti M, Xepapadaki P, Zuberbier T. Viruses and bacteria in acute asthma exacerbations - A GA(2) LEN-DARE systematic review. Allergy 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02505.x. ABSTRACT: A major part of the burden of asthma is caused by acute exacerbations. Exacerbations have been strongly and consistently associated with respiratory infections. Respiratory viruses and bacteria are therefore possible treatment targets. To have a reasonable estimate of the burden of disease induced by such infectious agents on asthmatic patients, it is necessary to understand their nature and be able to identify them in clinical samples by employing accurate and sensitive methodologies. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge and developments in infection epidemiology of acute asthma in children and adults, describing the known impact for each individual agent and highlighting knowledge gaps. Among infectious agents, human rhinoviruses are the most prevalent in regard to asthma exacerbations. The newly identified type-C rhinoviruses may prove to be particularly relevant. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus are important in infants, while influenza viruses seem to induce severe exacerbations mostly in adults. Other agents are relatively less or not clearly associated. Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila pneumoniae seem to be involved more with asthma persistence rather than with disease exacerbations. Recent data suggest that common bacteria may also be involved, but this should be confirmed. Although current information is considerable, improvements in detection methodologies, as well as the wide variation in respect to location, time and populations, underline the need for additional studies that should also take into account interacting factors.
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| 5. |
- Laukkanen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Local variation in Bi crystal sites of epitaxial GaAsBi studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 396, s. 688-694
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial Bi-containing III–V crystals (III-V1-xBix) have attracted increasing interest due to their potential in infrared applications. Atomic-scale characterization and engineering of bulk-like III-V1-xBix properties (e.g., Bi incorporation and defect formation) are challenging but relevant to develop applications. Toward that target, we report here that the traditional surface-science measurement of photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a potential, non-destructive method to be combined in the studies of bulk-like properties, when surface effects are properly removed. We have investigated epitaxial GaAs1-xBix films, capped by epitaxial AlAs layers, with high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. The Bi5d core-level spectra of GaAs1-xBix together with ab-initio calculations give direct evidence of variation of Bi bonding environment in the lattice sites. The result agrees with photoluminescence (PL) measurement which shows that the studied GaAs1-xBix films include local areas with higher Bi content, which contribute to PL but do not readily appear in x-ray diffraction (XRD). The measured and calculated Bi core-level shifts show also that Ga vacancies and Bi clusters are dominant defects.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hooshmand, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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CAIDE Dementia Risk Score, Alzheimer and cerebrovascular pathology : a population-based autopsy study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:6, s. 597-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. CAIDE Dementia Risk Score is a tool for estimating dementia risk in the general population. Its longitudinal associations with Alzheimer or vascular neuropathology in the oldest old are not known. Aim. To explore the relationship between CAIDE Dementia Risk Score at baseline and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebral infarcts and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) after up to 10-year follow-up in the Vantaa 85+ population. Methods. Study population included 149 participants aged 85 years, without dementia at baseline, and with available clinical and autopsy data. Methenamine silver staining was used for beta-amyloid and modified Bielschowsky method for neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. Macroscopic infarcts were identified from cerebral hemispheres, brain-stem and cerebellum slices. Standardized methods were used to determine microscopic infarcts, CAA and alpha-synuclein pathologies. The CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was calculated based on scores for age, sex, BMI, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and APOE epsilon 4 carrier status (range 0-18 points). Results. A CAIDE Dementia Risk Score above 11 points was associated with more cerebral infarctions up to 10 years later: OR (95% CI) was 2.10 (1.06-4.16). No associations were found with other neuropathologies. Conclusion. In a population of elderly aged 85 years, higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score was associated with increased risk of cerebral infarcts.
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| 8. |
- Punkkinen, M. P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamics of the pseudobinary GaAs1-xBix (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) alloys studied by different exchange-correlation functionals, special quasi-random structures and Monte Carlo simulations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Computational Condensed Matter. - : Elsevier. - 2352-2143. ; 5, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GaAs1-xBix alloys have useful properties for many optoelectronic applications. Although the crystal growth by molecular beam epitaxy is influenced by kinetics, it is also important to understand the thermodynamics of the alloys. The Gibbs formation energies and the immiscibility curve of the totally disordered GaAs1-xBix (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are determined using special quasi-random structures (SQS) of different sizes, different exchange-correlation functionals and Monte Carlo simulations. The local density approximation gives slightly larger mixing enthalpies and smaller Bi solubilities than the generalized gradient approximation for the GaAs1-xBix alloys, if the semiconducting GaAs and metallic Ga and Bi are reference states. The 64 and 512 atom SQS give similar mixing enthalpies, except at x = 0.5, where as eight atom SQS overestimate the mixing enthalpy significantly. The disordered alloys are more stable than the most stable ordered phases except at very low temperatures. The spinodal transformation temperature corresponds approximately to the latest experimental results, if the separated systems can conform to their own lattice constants. The spinodal transformation temperature is decreased very significantly, if the decomposing phases are constrained to maintain lattice coherence with the substrate. The strain energies of the alloys and decomposing phases are large also at the surfaces.
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| 9. |
- Sohler, D, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopy of neutron deficient Ge-65
- 1997
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-7922 .- 1431-5831. ; 357:3, s. 239-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states of 65Ge were populated via the 12C + 58Ni (261 MeV) reaction using the NORDBALL detector array equipped with charged-particle and neutron detector systems for reaction channel separation. On the basis of γγ-coincidence relations and angular distribution ratios a significantly extended level scheme was constructed up to E x = 9 MeV and J π = (33/2−). The low-energy states of the nucleus are discussed in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Palacz, M, et al.
(författare)
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In beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of very neutron deficient odd-cadmium isotopes
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - : ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 28:1-2, s. 309-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the very neutron deficient odd cadmium isotopes Cd-99, Cd-101 and Cd-103 are discussed in terms of the nuclear shell model. Systematics of excited states in Cd99-109 is presented.
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| 12. |
- Persson, J, et al.
(författare)
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In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Cd-102
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 627:1, s. 101-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutron deficient nuclei close to 100Sn have been studied using the NORDBALL Ge-detector array together with ancillary particle detectors. Evaporation residues from the compound nucleus 108Te were identified with charged particle and neutron detectors. In this paper a considerable extension of the level scheme of the nucleus 102Cd is presented. The strongest cascade of the new level scheme reveals an irregular sequence of dipole transitions above Iπ = 10+ extending up to spin 17. A strongly populated rather regular side band consisting of four quadrupole transitions ranging from spin 9 to spin 17 was also discovered. This band was tentatively assigned negative parity. Shell model calculations were performed and a very good agreement with the experimental results was found. The excited states could successfully be interpreted as neutron particle and proton hole excitations with respect to the doubly closed core 50100Sn50.
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| 13. |
- Persson, J, et al.
(författare)
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New spectroscopic data on Cd-102
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - : POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 27:1-2, s. 171-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamma ray spectroscopy of neutron deficient nuclei close to the doubly magic nucleus Sn-100 has been performed using a heavy-ion reaction and the NORDBALL Ge-detector array. Evaporation residues were identified by means of charged particle and neutron detection. Transitions in 31 different evaporation residues were identified. New results on Cd-102 are presented.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Traylor, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel MMP12 Locus Is Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke Using a Genome-Wide Age-at-Onset Informed Approach.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify the common genetic component to ischaemic stroke (IS). However, IS has considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Where clinical covariates explain a large fraction of disease risk, covariate informed designs can increase power to detect associations. As prevalence rates in IS are markedly affected by age, and younger onset cases may have higher genetic predisposition, we investigated whether an age-at-onset informed approach could detect novel associations with IS and its subtypes; cardioembolic (CE), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small vessel disease (SVD) in 6,778 cases of European ancestry and 12,095 ancestry-matched controls. Regression analysis to identify SNP associations was performed on posterior liabilities after conditioning on age-at-onset and affection status. We sought further evidence of an association with LAA in 1,881 cases and 50,817 controls, and examined mRNA expression levels of the nearby genes in atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques. Secondly, we performed permutation analyses to evaluate the extent to which age-at-onset informed analysis improves significance for novel loci. We identified a novel association with an MMP12 locus in LAA (rs660599; p = 2.5×10-7), with independent replication in a second population (p = 0.0048, OR(95% CI) = 1.18(1.05-1.32); meta-analysis p = 2.6×10-8). The nearby gene, MMP12, was significantly overexpressed in carotid plaques compared to atherosclerosis-free control arteries (p = 1.2×10-15; fold change = 335.6). Permutation analyses demonstrated improved significance for associations when accounting for age-at-onset in all four stroke phenotypes (p<0.001). Our results show that a covariate-informed design, by adjusting for age-at-onset of stroke, can detect variants not identified by conventional GWAS.
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| 16. |
- Badawy, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital volume and the risk of revision in Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Nordic countries -an observational study of 14,496 cases
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High procedure volume and dedication to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been suggested to improve revision rates. This study aimed to quantify the annual hospital volume effect on revision risk in Oxfordu? nicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Nordic countries. Methods: 14,496 cases of cemented medial Oxford III UKA were identified in 126 hospitals in the four countries included in the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database from 2000 to 2012. Hospitals were divided by quartiles into 4 annual procedure volume groups (≤11, 12-23, 24-43 and ≥44). The outcome was revision risk after 2 and 10 years calculated using Kaplan Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the Hazard Ratio (HR) of any revision due to specific reasons with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The implant survival was 80% at 10 years in the volume group ≤11 procedures per year compared to 83% in other volume groups. The HR adjusted for age category, sex, year of surgery and nation was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76-0.99, p = 0.036) for the group 12-23 procedures per year, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68-0.91, p = 0.002) for the group 24-43 procedures per year and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.94, p = 0.006) for the group ≥44 procedures per year compared to the low volume group. Log-rank test was p = 0.003. The risk of revision for unexplained pain was 40-50% higher in the low compared with other volume groups. Conclusion: Low volume hospitals performing ≤11 Oxford III UKAs per year were associated with an increased risk of revision compared to higher volume hospitals, and unexplained pain as revision cause was more common in low volume hospitals.
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| 17. |
- Ejenstam, Lina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term corrosion protection by a thin nano-composite coating
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 357:Part B, s. 2333-2342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report and discuss the corrosion protective properties of a thin nano-composite coating system consisting of an 11μm thick polyester acrylate (PEA) basecoat, covered by an approximately 1-2μm thick layer of TiO2 nanoparticles carrying a 0.05μm thick hexamethyl disiloxane (HMDSO) top coat. The corrosion protective properties were evaluated on carbon steel substrates immersed in 3wt% NaCl solution by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The protective properties of each layer, and of each pair of layers, were also evaluated to gain further understanding of the long-term protective properties offered by the nano-composite coating. The full coating system showed excellent corrosion protective properties in the corrosive environment of 3wt% NaCl-solution for an extended period of 100 days, during which the coating impedance, at the lower frequency limit (0.01Hz), remained above 108 Ωcm2. We suggest that the excellent corrosion protective properties of the complete coating system is due to a combination of (i) good adhesion and stability of the PEA basecoat, (ii) the surface roughness and the elongated diffusion path provided by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, and (iii) the low surface energy provided by the HMDSO top coat.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Mimmi, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of liquid surface tension on gas capillaries and capillary forces at superamphiphobic surfaces
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of a bridging gas capillary between superhydrophobic surfaces in water gives rise to strongly attractive interactions ranging up to several micrometers on separation. However, most liquids used in materials research are oil-based or contain surfactants. Superamphiphobic surfaces repel both water and low-surface-tension liquids. To control the interactions between a superamphiphobic surface and a particle, it needs to be resolved whether and how gas capillaries form in non-polar and low-surface-tension liquids. Such insight will aid advanced functional materials development. Here, we combine laser scanning confocal imaging and colloidal probe atomic force microscopy to elucidate the interaction between a superamphiphobic surface and a hydrophobic microparticle in three liquids with different surface tensions: water (73 mN m−1), ethylene glycol (48 mN m−1) and hexadecane (27 mN m−1). We show that bridging gas capillaries are formed in all three liquids. Force-distance curves between the superamphiphobic surface and the particle reveal strong attractive interactions, where the range and magnitude decrease with liquid surface tension. Comparison of free energy calculations based on the capillary menisci shapes and the force measurements suggest that under our dynamic measurements the gas pressure in the capillary is slightly below ambient.
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| 19. |
- Ferreira, Ana R. V., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of different coating techniques on the properties of FucoPol films
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 103, s. 268-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma deposition, liquid flame spray (LFS) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) were used to form inorganic coatings in new exopolysaccharide (FucoPol) biodegradable films. Coated films were characterised in terms of surface, optical and barrier properties in order to evaluate their potential use in food packaging. FucoPol films presented dense and homogeneous surface with instant water contact angle of 95̊. Plasma deposition of perfluorohexane (PFH) on FucoPol surface has not shown significant improvement in the hydrophobic behaviour over the time. The FucoPol coating of SiO2 nanoparticles deposited by LFS and plasma deposition of PFH have shown higher instant water contact angle (135°) caused by coating surface roughness, but this hydrophobic behaviour was not stable over time. FucoPol films coated only with TiO2 deposited by ALD and combination of that with plasma deposition of PFH have shown stable water contact angle during time (90̊ and 115̊, respectively), transparency in the same order of magnitude and significantly lower permeability to water vapour (3.45 × 10−11 mol/m s Pa and 3.45 × 10−11 mol/m s Pa when compared to uncoated films with 5.32 × 10−11 mol/m s Pa). Moreover, films coated with TiO2-PFH have also shown a permeability to oxygen of 1.70 × 10−16 molm/m2s Pa which is 67% lower than uncoated films.
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| 20. |
- Haarala, M, et al.
(författare)
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New limited memory bundle method for large-scale nonsmooth optimization
- 2004
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Ingår i: Optimization Methods and Software. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1055-6788 .- 1029-4937. ; 19:6, s. 673-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many practical optimization problems involve nonsmooth (that is, not necessarily differentiable) functions of hundreds or thousands of variables. In such problems, the direct application of smooth gradient-based methods may lead to a failure due to the nonsmooth nature of the problem. On the other hand, none of the current general nonsmooth optimization methods is efficient in large-scale settings. In this article, we describe a new limited memory variable metric based bundle method for nonsmooth large-scale optimization. In addition, we introduce a new set of academic test problems for large-scale nonsmooth minimization. Finally, we give some encouraging results from numerical experiments using both academic and practical test problems.
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| 21. |
- Hakanen, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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An Application of Multiobjective Optimization to Process Simulation
- 2004
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Ingår i: CD-Proceedings of 4th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study multiobjective optimization problems arising from chemical process simulation. Interactive multiobjective optimization method NIMBUS, developed at the University of Jyväskylä, is combined with the BALAS process simulator, developed at theTechnical Research Center of Finland, in order to provide a new interactive tool for designing chemical processes. Continuous interaction between the method and the designer provides an efficient approach to explore the Pareto optimal solutions and helps the designer to learn about the behaviour of the process. This new approach has been applied to a water allocation problem for an integrated plant containing a thermomechanical pulping plant and a paper mill.
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| 22. |
- Heydari, Golrokh, et al.
(författare)
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Wetting hysteresis induced by temperature changes : Supercooled water on hydrophobic surfaces
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 468, s. 21-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The state and stability of supercooled water on (super)hydrophobic surfaces is crucial for low temperature applications and it will affect anti-icing and de-icing properties. Surface characteristics such as topography and chemistry are expected to affect wetting hysteresis during temperature cycling experiments, and also the freezing delay of supercooled water. We utilized stochastically rough wood surfaces that were further modified to render them hydrophobic or superhydrophobic. Liquid flame spraying (LFS) was utilized to create a multi-scale roughness by depositing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The coating was subsequently made non-polar by applying a thin plasma polymer layer. As flat reference samples modified silica surfaces with similar chemistries were utilized. With these substrates we test the hypothesis that superhydrophobic surfaces also should retard ice formation. Wetting hysteresis was evaluated using contact angle measurements during a freeze-thaw cycle from room temperature to freezing occurrence at -7 °C, and then back to room temperature. Further, the delay in freezing of supercooled water droplets was studied at temperatures of -4 °C and -7 °C. The hysteresis in contact angle observed during a cooling-heating cycle is found to be small on flat hydrophobic surfaces. However, significant changes in contact angles during a cooling-heating cycle are observed on the rough surfaces, with a higher contact angle observed on cooling compared to during the subsequent heating. Condensation and subsequent frost formation at sub-zero temperatures induce the hysteresis. The freezing delay data show that the flat surface is more efficient in enhancing the freezing delay than the rougher surfaces, which can be rationalized considering heterogeneous nucleation theory. Thus, our data suggests that molecular flat surfaces, rather than rough superhydrophobic surfaces, are beneficial for retarding ice formation under conditions that allow condensation and frost formation to occur.
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| 23. |
- Huhtaniemi, R., et al.
(författare)
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Adrenals Contribute to Growth of Castration-Resistant VCaP Prostate Cancer Xenografts
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440. ; 188:12, s. 2890-2901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of adrenal androgens as drivers for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) growth in humans is generally accepted; however, the value of preclinical mouse models of CRPC is debatable, because mouse adrenals do not produce steroids activating the androgen receptor. In this study, we confirmed the expression of enzymes essential for de novo synthesis of androgens in mouse adrenals, with high intratissue concentration of progesterone (P4) and moderate levels of androgens, such as androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone, in the adrenal glands of both intact and orchectomized (ORX) mice. ORX alone had no effect on serum P4 concentration, whereas orchectomized and adrenalectomized (ORX + ADX) resulted in a significant decrease in serum P4 and in a further reduction in the low levels of serum androgens (androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone), measured by mass spectrometry. In line with this, the serum prostate-specific antigen and growth of VCaP xenografts in mice after ORX + ADX were markedly reduced compared with ORX alone, and the growth difference was not abolished by a glucocorticoid treatment. Moreover, ORX + ADX altered the androgen-dependent gene expression in the tumors, similar to that recently shown for the enzalutamide treatment. These data indicate that in contrast to the current view, and similar to humans, mouse adrenals synthesize significant amounts of steroids that contribute to the androgen receptor–dependent growth of CRPC. © 2018 American Society for Investigative Pathology
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| 24. |
- Hämäläinen, Jari, et al.
(författare)
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Multiobjective Decision Making for Papermaking
- 2004
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Ingår i: CD-Proceedings of MCDM2004, the 17th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Irmola, Tero, et al.
(författare)
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Association between fixation type and revision risk in total knee arthroplasty patients aged 65 years and older : a cohort study of 265,877 patients from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association 2000–2016
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 92:1, s. 91-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — The population of the Nordic countries is aging and the number of elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is also expected to increase. Reliable fixation methods are essential to avoid revisions. We compared the survival of different TKA fixation concepts with cemented fixation as the gold standard. Patients and methods — We used data from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database of 265,877 unconstrained TKAs performed for patients aged ≥ 65 years with primary knee osteoarthritis between 2000 and 2016. Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the Cox multiple-regression model were used to compare the revision risk of the fixation methods. Results — Cemented fixation was used in 243,166 cases, uncemented in 8,000, hybrid (uncemented femur with cemented tibia) in 14,248, and inverse hybrid (cemented femur with uncemented tibia) fixation in 463 cases. The 10-year KM survivorship (95% CI) of cemented TKAs was 96% (96 − 97), uncemented 94% (94 − 95), hybrid 96% (96 − 96), and inverse hybrid 96% (94 − 99), respectively. Uncemented TKA was associated with increased risk of revision compared with the cemented TKA; the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 − 1.4). Interpretation — Cemented, hybrid, and inverse hybrid TKAs showed 10-year survival rates exceeding 95%. Uncemented fixation was associated with an increased risk of revision in comparison with cemented fixation. As both hybrid and inverse hybrid fixation were used in only a limited number of TKAs, indicating possibility of selection bias in their favor, cemented TKA still remains the gold standard, as it works reliably in the hands of many.
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| 26. |
- Irmola, Tero, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) collaboration on demographics, methods and revision rates in knee arthroplasty : a register-based study from NARA 2000–2017
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 93, s. 866-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — We have previously observed differences in treatment and outcome of knee arthroplasties in the Nordic countries. To evaluate the impact of Nordic collaboration in the last 15 years we aimed to compare patient demographics, methods, and revision rates in primary knee arthroplasties among the 4 Nordic countries. Patients and methods — We included 535,051 primary knee arthroplasties reported 2000–2017 from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database. Kaplan–Meier analysis (KM) and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis were used to evaluate the cumulative revision rate (CRR) and RMST estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and to compare countries in relation to risk of revision for any reason. Results — After 2010, the increase in incidence of knee arthroplasty plateaued in Sweden and Denmark but contin-ued to increase in Finland and Norway. In 2017 the incidence was highest in Finland with 226 per 105 person-years, while it was less than 150 per 105 in the 3 other Nordic coun-tries. In total knee arthroplasties performed for osteoarthri-tis (OA), overall CRR at 15 years for revision due to any reason was higher in Denmark (CRR 9.6%, 95% CI 9.2−10), Norway (CRR 9.1%, CI 8.7−9.5), and Finland (CRR 7.0%, CI 6.8−7.3) compared with Sweden (CRR 6.6%, CI 6.4−6.8). There were differences among the countries in use of implant brand and type, fixation, patellar component, and use of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Interpretation — We evinced a slowing growth of incidence of knee arthroplasties in the Nordic countries after 2010 with Finland having the highest incidence. We also noted substantial differences among the 4 Nordic countries, with Sweden having a lower risk of revision than the other countries. No impact of NARA could be demonstrated and CRR did not improve over time.
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| 27. |
- Knuuttila, M., et al.
(författare)
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Castration Induces Up-Regulation of Intratumoral Androgen Biosynthesis and Androgen Receptor Expression in an Orthotopic VCaP Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440. ; 184:8, s. 2163-2173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens are key factors involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and PCa growth can be suppressed by androgen deprivation therapy. In a considerable proportion of men receiving androgen deprivation therapy, however, PCa progresses to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), making the development of efficient therapies challenging. We used an orthotopic VCaP human PCa xenograft model to study cellular and molecular changes in tumors after androgen deprivation therapy (castration). Tumor growth was monitored through weekly serum prostate-specific antigen measurements, and mice with recurrent tumors after castration were randomized to treatment groups. Serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations showed significant correlation with tumor volume. Castration-resistant tumors retained concentrations of intratumoral androgen (androstenedione, testosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) at Levels similar to tumors growing in intact hosts. Accordingly, castration induced up-regulation of enzymes involved in androgen synthesis (CYP17A1, AKR1C3, and HSD17B6), as well as expression of full-length androgen receptor (AR) and AR splice variants (AR-V1 and AR-V7). Furthermore, AR target gene expression was maintained in castration-resistant xenografts. The AR antagonists enzalutamide (MDV3100) and ARN-509 suppressed PSA production of castration-resistant tumors, confirming the androgen dependency of these tumors. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that our VCaP xenograft model exhibits the key characteristics of clinical CRPC and thus provides a valuable tool for identifying druggable targets and for testing therapeutic strategies targeting AR signaling in CRPC.
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| 28. |
- Laajala, Teemu D, et al.
(författare)
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Improved statistical modeling of tumor growth and treatment effect in preclinical animal studies with highly heterogeneous responses in vivo.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 18:16, s. 4385-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preclinical tumor growth experiments often result in heterogeneous datasets that include growing, regressing, or stable growth profiles in the treatment and control groups. Such confounding intertumor variability may mask the true treatment effects especially when less aggressive treatment alternatives are being evaluated. Experimental design: We developed a statistical modeling approach in which the growing and poorly growing tumor categories were automatically detected by means of an expectation-maximization algorithm coupled within a mixed-effects modeling framework. The framework is implemented and distributed as an R package, which enables model estimation and statistical inference, as well as statistical power and precision analyses.
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| 29. |
- Minunno, F., et al.
(författare)
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Calibration and validation of a semi-empirical flux ecosystem model for coniferous forests in the Boreal region
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecological Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3800. ; 341, s. 37-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple models are less input demanding and their calibration involves a lower number of parameters, however their general applicability to vast areas must be tested. We analysed if a simple ecosystem model (PRELES) can be applied to estimate carbon and water fluxes of Boreal forests at regional scale. Multi-site (M-S) and site-specific (S-S) calibrations were compared using evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) measurements from 10 sites. The performances of M-S were similar to S-Ss except for a site with agricultural history. Although PRELES predicted GPP better than ET, we concluded that the model can be reliably used at regional scale to simulate carbon and water fluxes of Boreal forests. We further found that, in the calibration, the use of a long and carefully collected flux dataset from one site that covers a wide range of climate variability leads to better model performance in other sites as well.
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| 30. |
- Mäkelä, J. S., et al.
(författare)
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HF radiation emitted by chaotic leader processes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 69:6, s. 707-720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents direct measurements of narrowband 10 MHz HF radiation from so-called "chaotic leaders" associated with subsequent return strokes. Although the term is controversial and poorly defined, we find that more than 30% of subsequent strokes in close lightning flashes contain electric field characteristics that are best described as "chaotic". In earlier studies, return strokes have consistently been observed to be the strongest sources of HF radiation, but the results for leader processes are less consistent. We also observe return strokes to be the main HF emitter, and the leaders before the first return stroke in a flash sequence also emit HF though somewhat less intensely. The leaders preceding subsequent strokes typically emit little or no HF radiation, whether they are dart or dart-stepped leaders. However, it was observed that the presence of a chaotic component increases the leader HF intensity dramatically Defining the HF intensity unequivocally can be problematic for processes like chaotic leaders which have a combination of continuous and impulsive phenomena. Two time-domain methods were used to measure the HF intensity, the peak energy and the RMS energy. In the frequency domain these correspond to the energy spectral density (ESD) and power spectral density (PSD), respectively. It was found that the methods are not necessarily compatible. Thus, it is suggested that to clarify future work, leader processes should be characterized by the PSD rather than the ESD.
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| 31. |
- Mäkelä, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Rosette nebula globules : Seahorse giving birth to a star
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The Rosette nebula is an H II region ionized mainly by the stellar cluster NGC 2244. Elephant trunks, globules, and globulettes are seen at the interface where the H II region and the surrounding molecular shell meet.Aims. We have observed a field in the northwestern part of the Rosette nebula where we study the small globules protruding from the shell. Our aim is to measure their properties and study their star-formation history in continuation of our earlier study of the features of the region.Methods. We imaged the region in broadband near-infrared (NIR) JsHKs filters and narrowband H-2 1-0 S(1), P beta, and continuum filters using the SOFI camera at the ESO/NTT. The imaging was used to study the stellar population and surface brightness, create visual extinction maps, and locate star formation. Mid-infrared (MIR) Spitzer IRAC and WISE and optical NOT images were used to further study the star formation and the structure of the globules. The NIR and MIR observations indicate an outflow, which is confirmed with CO observations made with APEX.Results. The globules have mean number densities of similar to 4.6x10(4) cm(-3). P beta is seen in absorption in the cores of the globules where we measure visual extinctions of 11-16 mag. The shell and the globules have bright rims in the observed bands. In the Ks band 20 to 40% of the emission is due to fluorescent emission in the 2.12 mu m H-2 line similar to the tiny dense globulettes we studied earlier in a nearby region. We identify several stellar NIR excess candidates and four of them are also detected in the Spitzer IRAC 8.0 mu m image and studied further. We find an outflow with a cavity wall bright in the 2.124 mu m H-2 line and at 8.0 mu m in one of the globules. The outflow originates from a Class I young stellar object (YSO) embedded deep inside the globule. An H alpha image suggests the YSO drives a possible parsec-scale outflow. Despite the morphology of the globule, the outflow does not seem to run inside the dusty fingers extending from the main globule body.
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| 32. |
- NiemeläInen, Mika J., et al.
(författare)
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Different incidences of knee arthroplasty in the Nordic countries : A population-based study from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 88:2, s. 173-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — The annual number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) has increased worldwide in recent years. To make projections regarding future needs for primaries and revisions, additional knowledge is important. We analyzed and compared the incidences among 4 Nordic countries Patients and methods — Using Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) data from 4 countries, we analyzed differences between age and sex groups. We included patients over 30 years of age who were operated with TKA or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) during the period 1997–2012. The negative binomial regression model was used to analyze changes in general trends and in sex and age groups. Results — The average annual increase in the incidence of TKA was statistically significant in all countries. The incidence of TKA was higher in women than in men in all 4 countries. It was highest in Finland in patients aged 65 years or more. At the end of the study period in 2012, Finland’s total incidence was double that of Norway, 1.3 times that of Sweden and 1.4 times that of Denmark. The incidence was lowest in the youngest age groups (< 65 years) in all 4 countries. The proportional increase in incidence was highest in patients who were younger than 65 years. Interpretation — The incidence of knee arthroplasty steadily increased in the 4 countries over the study period. The differences between the countries were considerable, with the highest incidence in Finland. Patients aged 65 years or more contributed to most of the total incidence of knee arthroplasty.
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| 33. |
- Niemeläinen, Mika J., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of fixation type on the survivorship of contemporary total knee arthroplasty in patients younger than 65 years of age : a register-based study of 115,177 knees in the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) 2000–2016
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 91:2, s. 184-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — Cemented fixation is regarded as the gold standard in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Among working-age patients, there has been controversy regarding the optimal fixation method in TKA. To address this issue, we conducted a register-based study to assess the survivorship of cemented, uncemented, hybrid, and inverse hybrid TKAs in patients aged < 65 years. Patients and methods — We used the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association data of 115,177 unconstrained TKAs performed for patients aged < 65 years with primary knee osteoarthritis over 2000–2016. Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Cox multiple-regression model with adjustment for age, sex, and nation were used to compare fixation methods in relation to revision for any reason. Results — The 10-year KM survivorship of cemented TKAs was 93.6% (95% CI 93.4–93.8), uncemented 91.2% (CI 90.1–92.2), hybrid 93.0% (Cl 92.2–93.8), and inverse hybrid 96.0% (CI 94.1–98.1). In the Cox model, hybrid TKA showed decreased risk of revision after 6 years’ follow-up compared with the reference group (cemented) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.5 [CI 0.4–0.8]), while uncemented TKAs showed increased risk of revision both < 1 year (HR 1.4 [1.1–1.7]) and > 6 years’ (HR 1.3 [1.0–1.7]) follow-up compared to the reference. Interpretation — Both cemented and hybrid TKAs had 10-year survival rates exceeding 92–>93% in patients aged < 65 years. Cemented TKA, however, was used in the vast majority (89%) of the operations in the current study. As it performs reliably in the hands of many, it still deserves the status of gold standard for TKA in working-age patients.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Ojalehto, V., et al.
(författare)
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Interactive Software for Multiobjective Optimization: IND-NIMBUS
- 2007
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Ingår i: WSEAS Transactions on Computers. - 1109-2750. ; 6:1, s. 87-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IND-NIMBUS is a implementation of the interactive NIMBUS method for multiobjective optimization. The system is suitable for solving multiobjective optimization problems modeled in different types of softwares.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Saariluoma, P., et al.
(författare)
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Mental Contents in Interacting with a Multiobjective Optimization Program
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction. - 1548-3908 .- 1548-3916. ; 4:3, s. 43-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- User psychology aims at understanding human-machine interaction from a psychological point of view. Its ultimate goal is to provide knowledge about human psychological properties for interaction designers. In this article, we are particularly interested in applying the theoretical concepts of mental contents (i.e., the information contents of users mental representations), in studying interaction with professional software. The immediate motivation for adopting such an approach arises from problems met in designing interaction processes in multiobjective optimization software. These types of software are meant to support complex thought and decision-making processes and this is why interaction design has to meet a number of theoretical problems, which do seldom arise in simpler interaction types. In four experiments, we investigated the types of knowledge required when developing ones capability of working with such a thought tool. We observed that in interaction design it is essential to take into account domain, professional and software specific mental content structures.
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| 38. |
- Sedighi Moghaddam, Maziar, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrophobisation of wood surfaces by combining liquid flame spray (LFS) and plasma treatment : Dynamic wetting properties
- 2016
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 70:6, s. 527-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrophilic nature of wood surfaces is a major cause for water uptake and subsequent biological degradation and dimensional changes. In the present paper, a thin transparent superhydrophobic layer on pine veneer surfaces has been created for controlling surface wettability and water repellency. This effect was achieved by means of the liquid flame spray (LFS) technique, in the course of which the nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (TiO2) was brought to the surface, followed by plasma polymerisation. Plasma polymerised perfluorohexane (PFH) or hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) were then deposited onto the LFS-treated wood surfaces. The same treatment systems were applied to silicon wafers so as to have well-defined reference surfaces. The dynamic wettability was studied by the multicycle Wilhelmy plate (mWP) method, resulting in advancing and receding contact angles as well as sorption behavior of the samples during repeated wetting cycles in water. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterise the topography and surface chemical compositions and to elucidate the question how the morphology of the nanoparticles and plasma affect the wetting behavior. A multi-scale roughness (micro-nano roughness) was found and this enhanced the forced wetting durability via a superhydrophobic effect on the surface, which was stable even after repeated wetting cycles. The hydrophobic effect of this approach was higher compared to that of plasma modified surfaces with their micro-scale modification.
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| 39. |
- Antonsson, S., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the physical properties of hardwood and softwood pulps
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 24:4, s. 409-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High mechano-sorptive creep resistance, i.e., good creep resistance in environments with changing relative humidity, is one of the key requirements for linerboards. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pulp types and pulp properties on the mechano-sorptive creep of kraftliner. A high-yield softwood, kraftliner pulp, and four different hardwood pulps were investigated. The physical properties of laboratory sheets were evaluated, with emphasis on the mechanosorptive creep properties. The results showed that the density increase due to increased beating significantly improved the tensile stiffness of all pulps, while its effect on the isocyclic creep stiffness was less pronounced. The hardwood pulps showed higher tensile stiffness, better mechano-sorptive creep properties, and lower hygroexpansion than the softwood pulp at a given density. However, the softwood pulp did exhibit better tensile strength and fracture toughness properties than the hardwood pulps. The results imply that hardwood pulps can be competitive with softwood pulps in kraftliners, provided that their tensile strength and fracture toughness properties can be improved by, for example, chemical means. Furthermore, the isocyclic creep stiffness correlates with the ratio of tensile stiffness to hygroexpansion, indicating that this ratio can be used for engineering estimates of the mechano-sorptive creep performance of paper materials.
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| 40. |
- Baharudin, Zikri A., et al.
(författare)
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Electric field changes generated by the preliminary breakdown for the negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Malaysia and Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 84-85, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the study of the electric field changes generated by the preliminary breakdown for negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Malaysia and Sweden concerning the association of slow field changes associated in preliminary breakdown process. We examined the total of 1685 negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes from the total of 39 thunderstorms by recording the slow electric field, fast electric field and narrowband radiation field at 3 and 30 MHz signals simultaneously. Our results show that there is a pre-starting time, i.e. the duration between the first preliminary breakdown pulse and slow field changes starting point, which is found to be after the first preliminary breakdown pulse. The pre-starting time has the arithmetic and geometric mean range from 1.4-6.47 and 1-3.36 ms, respectively. The mean values of pre-starting time in Malaysia are greater than the values observed in Sweden by more than a factor of 3. From the two data sets it shows that the slow field changes never start before the preliminary breakdown. Furthermore, the use of single-station electric fields measurement with high resolutions of 12 bits transient recorder with several nanosecond accuracy allow one to distinguish the slow field changes generated by preliminary breakdown, which preceded the negative first return stroke, between tens to hundreds of milliseconds of pre-return stroke duration.
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| 41. |
- Bergh, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of revision in patients with non-traumatic femoral head necrosis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 85:1, s. 11-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Previous studies of patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to femoral head necrosis (FHN) have shown an increased risk of revision compared to cases with primary osteoarthritis (POA), but recent studies have suggested that this procedure is not associated with poor outcome. We compared the risk of revision after operation with THA due to FHN or POA in the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database including Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Patients and methods 427,806 THAs performed between 1995 and 2011 were included. The relative risk of revision for any reason, for aseptic loosening, dislocation, deep infection, and periprosthetic fracture was studied before and after adjustment for covariates using Cox regression models. Results 416,217 hips with POA (mean age 69 (SD 10), 59% females) and 11,589 with FHN (mean age 65 (SD 16), 58% females) were registered. The mean follow-up was 6.3 (SD 4.3) years. After 2 years of observation, 1.7% in the POA group and 3.0% in the FHN group had been revised. The corresponding proportions after 16 years of observation were 4.2% and 6.1%, respectively. The 16-year survival in the 2 groups was 86% (95% CI: 86-86) and 77% (CI: 74-80). After adjusting for covariates, the relative risk (RR) of revision for any reason was higher in patients with FHN for both periods studied (up to 2 years: RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.34-1.54; p < 0.001; and 2-16 years: RR = 1.25, 1.14-1.38; p < 0.001). Interpretation Patients with FHN had an overall increased risk of revision. This increased risk persisted over the entire period of observation and covered more or less all of the 4 most common reasons for revision.
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| 42. |
- Dale, Håvard, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing risk of prosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 83:5, s. 449-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose The risk of revision due to infection after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been reported to be increasing in Norway. We investigated whether this increase is a common feature in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden). Materials and methods The study was based on the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) dataset. 432,168 primary THAs from 1995 to 2009 were included (Denmark: 83,853, Finland 78,106, Norway 88,455, and Sweden 181,754). Adjusted survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models with revision due to infection as the endpoint. The effect of risk factors such as the year of surgery, age, sex, diagnosis, type of prosthesis, and fixation were assessed. Results 2,778 (0.6%) of the primary THAs were revised due to infection. Compared to the period 1995-1999, the relative risk (with 95% CI) of revision due to infection was 1.1 (1.0-1.2) in 2000-2004 and 1.6 (1.4-1.7) in 2005-2009. Adjusted cumulative 5-year revision rates due to infection were 0.46% (0.42-0.50) in 1995-1999, 0.54% (0.50-0.58) in 2000-2004, and 0.71% (0.66-0.76) in 2005-2009. The entire increase in risk of revision due to infection was within 1 year of primary surgery, and most notably in the first 3 months. The risk of revision due to infection increased in all 4 countries. Risk factors for revision due to infection were male sex, hybrid fixation, cement without antibiotics, and THA performed due to inflammatory disease, hip fracture, or femoral head necrosis. None of these risk factors increased in incidence during the study period. Interpretation We found increased relative risk of revision and increased cumulative 5-year revision rates due to infection after primary THA during the period 1995-2009. No change in risk factors in the NARA dataset could explain this increase. We believe that there has been an actual increase in the incidence of prosthetic joint infections after THA.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Flynn, Michael J., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD experiment
- 2000
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509. ; 52:2, s. 779-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A numerical model has been used to simulate the conditions observed during the ACE-2 Hillcloud experiment and to study the processes which may be taking place. The model incorporates gas phase chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen compounds upstream of the cloud, and the interaction of aerosol, precursor trace gases and oxidants within the cloud. Gas phase and aerosol inputs to the model have been provided from measurements made in the field. Dynamics of the air flow over the hill consisted of simple prescribed dynamics based on wind speed measurements, and also for some cases modelled dynamics. In this modelling study, it was found that during clean case studies particles down to 40-55 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets formed ranging from 200 to 400 drops/cm3. Significant modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was observed. In polluted cases particles down to 65-80 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets ranging from 800 to 2800 drops/cm3. Modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was slight. In all cases, changes in the aerosol spectra were due to both the uptake of HNO3, HCl, NH3 and SO2 from the gas phase, (the SO2 being oxidised to sulphate) and the repartitioning of species such as HNO3, HCl, and NH3 from larger particles onto smaller ones. Modelling results have been compared with observations made. Modelled droplet numbers are typically within 20% of the best measured values. The mode of the droplet distribution typically around 10-20 μm for clean cases and 4-8 μm for polluted cases was found to be in good agreement with the measured values of 10-25 μm for clean cases, but not in such good agreement for polluted cases. Measurements of upwind and interstitial aerosol distributions showed that the smallest particles activated were 30 and 50 nm for clean and polluted cases respectively, slightly smaller than the model values quoted above. Measured upwind and downwind aerosol spectra showed similar modification to that predicted by the model in eight out of the eleven model runs carried out. Chemistry measurements also give general evidence for both the uptake of species from the gas phase, and repartitioning of species from large particles onto smaller ones, though comparisons for individual cases are more difficult. From this modelling study, it can be concluded that in general, in the remote environment the exchange of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and ammonia between aerosol particles and take up from the gas phase in the vicinity of cloud may be a very important mechanism in regulating the evolution of the aerosol spectrum. Further, the much more linear relationship between cloud droplet and accumulation mode aerosol number, which was observed in the measurements made during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD project is supported by these modelling results. The implications of this for the indirect effect will be explored in future work.
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| 46. |
- Franklin, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing principles for vegetation dynamics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature plants. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-026X .- 2055-0278. ; 6:5, s. 444-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants and vegetation play a critical-but largely unpredictable-role in global environmental changes due to the multitude of contributing processes at widely different spatial and temporal scales. In this Perspective, we explore approaches to master this complexity and improve our ability to predict vegetation dynamics by explicitly taking account of principles that constrain plant and ecosystem behaviour: natural selection, self-organization and entropy maximization. These ideas are increasingly being used in vegetation models, but we argue that their full potential has yet to be realized. We demonstrate the power of natural selection-based optimality principles to predict photosynthetic and carbon allocation responses to multiple environmental drivers, as well as how individual plasticity leads to the predictable self-organization of forest canopies. We show how models of natural selection acting on a few key traits can generate realistic plant communities and how entropy maximization can identify the most probable outcomes of community dynamics in space- and time-varying environments. Finally, we present a roadmap indicating how these principles could be combined in a new generation of models with stronger theoretical foundations and an improved capacity to predict complex vegetation responses to environmental change. Integrating natural selection and other organizing principles into next-generation vegetation models could render them more theoretically sound and useful for earth system applications and modelling climate impacts.
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| 47. |
- Haahtela, T, et al.
(författare)
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A short history from Karelia study to biodiversity and public health interventions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in allergy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-6101. ; 4, s. 1152927-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and protects against allergies and inflammatory disorders. In Finland, the allergy & asthma epidemic became slowly visible in mid 1960s. After the World War II, Karelia was split into Finnish and Soviet Union (now Russia) territories. This led to more marked environmental and lifestyle changes in the Finnish compared with Russian Karelia.The Karelia Allergy Study 2002–2022showed that allergic conditions were much more common on the Finnish side. The Russians had richer gene-microbe network and interaction than the Finns, which associated with better balanced immune regulatory circuits and lower allergy prevalence. In the Finnish adolescents, a biodiverse natural environment around the homes associated with lower occurrence of allergies. Overall, the plausible explanation of the allergy disparity was the prominent change in environment and lifestyle in the Finnish Karelia from 1940s to 1980s. The nationwideFinnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018implemented the biodiversity hypothesis into practice by endorsing immune tolerance, nature contacts, and allergy health with favorable results. A regional health and environment programme,Nature Step to Health 2022–2032, has been initiated in the City of Lahti, EU Green Capital 2021. The programme integrates prevention of chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, obesity, depression), nature loss, and climate crisis in the spirit ofPlanetary Health. Allergic diseases exemplify inappropriate immunological responses to natural environment. Successful management of the epidemics of allergy and other non-communicable diseases may pave the way to improve human and environmental health.
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| 48. |
- Haapanen, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Binary TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticle coating for controlling the wetting properties of paperboard
- 2015
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584 .- 1879-3312. ; 149, s. 230-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a flame based aerosol method to fabricate thin films consisting of binary TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticles deposited directly from the flame onto the paperboard. Nanocoatings were prepared with Liquid Flame Spray (LFS) in a roll-to-roll process with the line speed of 50 m/min. Surface wetting behavior of nanocoated paperboard was studied for different Ti/Si ratios in the precursor, affecting TiO2/SiO2 ratio in the coating. Wettability could be adjusted to practically any water contact angle between 10 and 160° by setting the Ti/Si ratio in the liquid precursor. Structure of the two component nanocoating was analysed with FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. The porous thin film coating was concluded to consist of ca. 10 nm sized mixed oxide nanoparticles with segregated TiO2 and SiO2 phases. Accumulation of carbonaceous compounds on the surface was seen to be almost linearly dependent on the Ti/Si ratio, indicating of each species being exposed in corresponding amount. However, wetting of the surface was observed to follow merely an S-shaped curve, caused by the roughness of the nanocoated surface. Reasons for the observed superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity of these binary nanocoatings on paperboard are discussed.
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| 49. |
- Haarala, Napsu, et al.
(författare)
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Globally Convergent Limited Memory Bundle Method for Large-Scale Nonsmooth Optimization
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mathematical programming. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-5610 .- 1436-4646. ; 109:1, s. 181-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many practical optimization problems involve nonsmooth (that is, not necessarily differentiable) functions of thousands of variables. In the paper [Haarala, Miettinen, Mäkelä, Optimization Methods and Software, 19, (2004), pp. 673-692] we have described an efficient method for large-scale nonsmooth optimization. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of this method and prove its global convergence for locally Lipschitz continuous objective functions, which are not necessarily differentiable or convex. In addition, we give some encouraging results from numerical experiments.
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| 50. |
- Hailer, Nils P, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyapatite coating does not improve uncemented stem survival after total hip arthroplasty!
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 86:1, s. 18-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - It is still being debated whether HA coating of uncemented stems used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves implant survival. We therefore investigated different uncemented stem brands, with and without HA coating, regarding early and long-term survival. Patients and methods - We identified 152,410 THA procedures using uncemented stems that were performed between 1995 and 2011 and registered in the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database. We excluded 19,446 procedures that used stem brands less than 500 times in each country, procedures performed due to diagnoses other than osteoarthritis or pediatric hip disease, and procedures with missing information on the type of coating. 22 stem brands remained (which were used in 116,069 procedures) for analysis of revision of any component. 79,192 procedures from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden were analyzed for the endpoint stem revision. Unadjusted survival rates were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted in order to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of revision with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results - Unadjusted 10-year survival with the endpoint revision of any component for any reason was 92.1% (CI: 91.8-92.4). Unadjusted 10-year survival with the endpoint stem revision due to aseptic loosening varied between the stem brands investigated and ranged from 96.7% (CI: 94.4-99.0) to 99.9% (CI: 99.6-100). Of the stem brands with the best survival, stems with and without HA coating were found. The presence of HA coating was not associated with statistically significant effects on the adjusted risk of stem revision due to aseptic loosening, with an HR of 0.8 (CI: 0.5-1.3; p = 0.4). The adjusted risk of revision due to infection was similar in the groups of THAs using HA-coated and non-HA-coated stems, with an HR of 0.9 (CI: 0.8-1.1; p = 0.6) for the presence of HA coating. The commonly used Bimetric stem (n = 25,329) was available both with and without HA coating, and the adjusted risk of stem revision due to aseptic loosening was similar for the 2 variants, with an HR of 0.9 (CI: 0.5-1.4; p = 0.5) for the HA-coated Bimetric stem. Interpretation - Uncemented HA-coated stems had similar results to those of uncemented stems with porous coating or rough sand-blasted stems. The use of HA coating on stems available both with and without this surface treatment had no clinically relevant effect on their outcome, and we thus question whether HA coating adds any value to well-functioning stem designs.
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