| 1. |
- Dessborn, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Bidrar gäss och svanar till övergödning av våtmarker?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket. ; , s. 33-47
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- • Gäss och svanar förekommer idag i större antal nära fler människor än någonsin tidigare, i Sverige och i övriga Västeuropa. • De ökande antalen leder ibland till problem och konflikter. På jordbruksmark kan gäss och svanar orsaka kostsamma skador på oskördade grödor. Hårt bete kan också påverka naturlig växtlighet och då bli ett naturvårdsproblem. • Gäss och svanar är vegetarianer och äter enbart blad, stjälkar, frön och rotdelar från växter, både på land och i vatten. • Bete på växande grödor kan också skapa intressekonflikter i områden där gäss samlas i stora antal, till exempel vid skyddade och restaurerade våtmarker. • Samtidigt bidrar gässen med många ekosystemtjänster, bland andra i form av naturupplevelser, jakt och kött. GÄSS OCH SVANAR SOM NÄRINGSTRANSPORTÖRER • Gäss och svanar har en relativt sett näringsfattig kost och en ganska ineffektiv matsmältning. Därför måste de äta mycket och producerar följaktligen stora mängder avföring. • Dessa fåglar hittar mycket av sin föda på land, men vilar enstor del av dygnet på våtmarker, där de också bajsar. • Under höst, vinter och vår gör gäss och svanar omfattande dagliga förflyttningar mellan födoplatser och viloplatser. De blir därmed naturliga transportörer av näringsämnen till våtmarker och sjöar.ÖVERGÖDNING I VATTENDRAG • Under häckningstiden på sommaren är de flesta gäss och svanar glest utspridda över stora områden, samtidigt som flera arter häckar i våtmarker och sjöar som är naturligt näringsfattiga. Under dessa omständigheter är fåglarnas näringstransport från land till vattenmiljöer en naturlig process som snarast bidrar till ett rikare växt- och djurliv. • Våtmarker där gäss och svanar samlas i stora antal under höst, vinter och vår är dock sällan näringsfattiga, och många av dem har redan problem med över- gödning genom näringsläckage från jordbruksmark. Övergödning kan leda till algblomning, försämrad vattenkvalitet och andra oönskade förändringar i våtmarks- ekosystemet. • I områden som redan har problem med övergödning kan gäss och svanar göra att problemen ökar. Särskilt känsliga är små vattensamlingar med begränsat till- och utflöde, men också de som sommartid har kraftig avdunstning i kombination med stora antal fåglar. • En betydande del av den samlade näringstillförseln till våtmarker sker under den tid på året då växterna är inaktiva och alltså inte tar upp näringsämnen. Detta leder till att de senare antingen sedimenterar (och frigörs en annan årstid), eller att de transporteras nedströms och kan orsaka övergödning där. • Ett räkneexempel visar att 2 000 gäss som uppehåller sig i en våtmark i fyra månader kan bidra med 160 kg kväve och 40–80 kg fosfor. I vilken mån detta är problematiskt beror på hur mycket samma område påverkas av näringsläckage från jordbruk och andra mänskliga källor. • Kunskapssammanställningen ger exempel på åtgärder man kan vidta för att öka eller minska en våtmarks attraktivitet för gäss och svanar.
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| 2. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Påverkar betande gäss och svanar jordbruket
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gäss och svanar förekommer idag i större antal nära fler människor än någonsin tidigare, i Sverige och i övriga Västeuropa. • De ökande antalen leder ibland till problem och konflikter. På jordbruksmark kan gäss och svanar orsaka kostsamma skador på oskördade grödor. Hårt bete kan också påverka naturlig växtlighet och då bli ett naturvårdsproblem. • Gäss och svanar är vegetarianer och äter enbart blad, stjälkar, frön och rotdelar från växter, både på land och i vatten. • Bete på växande grödor kan också skapa intressekonflikter i områden där gäss samlas i stora antal, till exempel vid skyddade och restaurerade våtmarker. • Samtidigt bidrar gässen med många ekosystemtjänster, bland andra i form av naturupplevelser, jakt och kött. GÄSS OCH SVANAR SOM VÄXTÄTARE • Eftersom deras föda mest består av fibrer och vatten, måste gäss och svanar äta stora mängder för att få i sig nog med näringsämnen (främst proteiner och kolhydrater). • Gäss och svanar har en högt utvecklad förmåga att avgöra växters innehåll av proteiner och lättsmälta kolhydrater, men också av illasmakande och svårsmälta ämnen. De är därför kräsna i sitt val av föda. • Behovet av olika näringsämnen varierar över året; gäss och svanar äter mer proteiner höst och vår, medan energirika växter prioriteras under vintern. • De flesta jordbruksgrödor är mer näringsrika än gässens naturliga föda, och därför rtare val” för dem. BETESSKADOR I JORDBRUKET • Grödor med bättre näringsinnehåll och ökande arealer vintergröna grödor gör att vi idag har mer gäss och svanar på jordbruksmark än någonsin förr. • Skador orsakade av gäss och svanar under höst och vinter kan ofta kompenseras av växterna men ibland leda till ekonomiska förluster. • Gäss och svanars påverkan på skördeutfallet generellt är mycket liten jämfört med den variation som orsakas av faktorer som nederbörd, temperatur och växtsjukdomar. • Lokalt kan bete av gäss och svanar orsaka stora skador och kännbara ekonomiska förluster för jordbruket. Betesskador uppkomna under vår och sommartid före skörd kan vara särskilt problematiska, och är samtidigt lite studerade. • Det finns en rad exempel på både beprövade och mindre beprövade metoder att styra förekomsten av gäss och svanar, och därmed påverka skadornas omfattning. Till dessa hör avledningsåkrar, grödoval, skrämsel och andra åtgärder som gör fält mindre attraktiva för fåglarna.
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| 3. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Sprider gäss och svanar smittsamma sjukdomar?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket. ; , s. 49-65, s. 50 - 65
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- • Gäss och svanar förekommer idag i större antal nära fler människor än någonsin tidigare, i Sverige och i övriga Västeuropa. • De ökande antalen leder ibland till problem och konflikter. På jordbruksmark kan gäss och svanar orsaka kostsamma skador på oskördade grödor. Hårt bete kan också påverka naturlig växtlighet och då bli ett naturvårdsproblem. • Gäss och svanar är vegetarianer och äter enbart blad, stjälkar, frön och rotdelar från växter, både på land och i vatten. • Bete på växande grödor kan också skapa intressekonflikter i områden där gäss samlas i stora antal, till exempel vid skyddade och restaurerade våtmarker. • Samtidigt bidrar gässen med många ekosystemtjänster, bland andra i form av naturupplevelser, jakt och kött. GÄSS OCH SVANAR SOM SMITTSPRIDARE • Många smittämnen är kända hos vilda gäss och svanar. Det handlar om virus, bakterier och encelliga parasiter. • En del av dessa smittämnen har förmåga att infektera också andra fågelarter och ibland däggdjur. • Gäss och svanar är rörliga och uppträder ofta nära människor och i jordbrukslandskapet. Därför misstänks de ibland för att sprida sjukdomar till människor och våra tamdjur. • En genomgång av forskningen inom detta fält visar att gäss och svanar ytterst sällan utgör en hälsorisk för människor, men något oftare för tamdjur och då främst fjäderfän. • I vissa fall tycks gäss och svanar kunna bidra till spridning av följande sjukdomar till tamdjur eller människa: fågelinfluensavirus, campylobacter, salmonella (gäller främst smitta till fjäderfä) och antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. I samtliga fall är dock andra smittkällor än gäss och svanar betydligt vanligare. • Forskningen har däremot inte funnit några belägg för att gäss och svanar sprider till exempel Newcastle-virus, West Nile virus, botulism, papegojsjuka eller borrelia till tamdjur eller människa. • För några smittämnen, till exempel E. coli och cryptosporidier, är det fortfarande oklart om gäss och svanar alls har någon betydelse för spridning till tamdjur eller människa. • Klimatförändringar och en allt bättre förståelse för de olika smittämnenas variation i förekomst och farlighet gör det viktigt att vi fortsätter att övervaka dem samt har beredskap för att omvärdera deras betydelse. • Att tamboskap och gäss betar sida vid sida har inga kända risker från smittsynpunkt, inte heller på strandängar. • Trots slutsatserna om en relativt låg smittorisk kan det vara klokt att iaktta försiktighetsåtgärder vid djurhållning, till exempel att förse tamdjur med rent vatten och att hålla fjäderfä avskilda från vilda gäss och svanar. För människans del kan man minska riskerna genom att sätta upp nät för att hindra fåglarna att ta sig upp på badstränder. Om man badar i sjöar där det vistas mycket gäss eller svanar är det klokt att tvätta sig efter badet och att undvika kallsupar.
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| 4. |
- de Oliveira, Kelin Gonçalves, et al.
(författare)
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Decoding of the surfaceome and endocytome in primary glioblastoma cells identifies potential target antigens in the hypoxic tumor niche
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica Communications. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2051-5960. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunotherapies with antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. However, target identification warrants a better understanding of the surfaceome and how it is modulated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we decode the surfaceome and endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxic stress in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. We employed a comprehensive approach for global and dynamic profiling of the surfaceome and endocytosed (endocytome) proteins and their regulation by hypoxia in patient-derived GBM cultures. We found a heterogeneous surface-endocytome profile and a divergent response to hypoxia across GBM cultures. We provide a quantitative ranking of more than 600 surface resident and endocytosed proteins, and their regulation by hypoxia, serving as a resource to the cancer research community. As proof-of-concept, the established target antigen CD44 was identified as a commonly and abundantly expressed surface protein with high endocytic activity. Among hypoxia induced proteins, we reveal CXADR, CD47, CD81, BSG, and FXYD6 as potential targets of the stressed GBM niche. We could validate these findings by immunofluorescence analyses in patient tumors and by increased expression in the hypoxic core of GBM spheroids. Selected candidates were finally confronted by treatment studies, showing their high capacity for internalization and ADC delivery. Importantly, we highlight the limited correlation between transcriptomics and proteomics, emphasizing the critical role of membrane protein enrichment strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface-endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxia in GBM as a resource for exploration of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Gäss : ny kunskap krävs
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Vår fågelvärld. - 0042-2649. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "Dum som en gås" är ett märkligt talesätt. Gäss är tvärtom vaksamma, sociala och förnämligt anpassade till sin miljö. De hittar och väljer den föda som bäst svarar mot årstidens behov, och de fattar strategiska beslut inför flyttning och häckning. Att de också är framgångsrika visar den sentida starka ökningen av flera arter.
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| 8. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Gäss : ny kunskap krävs
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Vår fågelvärld. - 0042-2649. ; :4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Dum som en gås" är ett märkligt talesätt. Gäss är tvärtom vaksamma, sociala och förnämligt anpassade till sin miljö. De hittar och väljer den föda som bäst svarar mot årstidens behov, och de fattar strategiska beslut inför flyttning och häckning. Att de också är framgångsrika visar den sentida starka ökningen av flera arter.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Jagar du lokala grågäss eller flyttande fågel?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Svensk jakt: Svenska jägareförbundets tidskrift. - 0039-6583. ; :9, s. 36-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De svenska grågässen är fler än någonsin. Färsk forskning visar att de också har nya vanor. Fem forskare från Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet och Högskolan Kristianstad skriver om grågåsen och hur arten kan förvaltas tillsammans med andra länder.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Elmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Vilka grågäss jagar du egentligen?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svensk jakt: Svenska jägareförbundets tidskrift. - 0039-6583. ; 161:9, s. 36-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Low level of education is associated with later stage at diagnosis and reduced survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma : A nationwide population-based study in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 49:12, s. 2705-2716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A worse outcome has been reported for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patients with low socioeconomic status. We have investigated the association between level of education, clinical stage at diagnosis (stage at diagnosis) and CMM-specific survival in Sweden.METHODS:We identified 27,235 patients from the Swedish Melanoma Register diagnosed with a primary invasive CMM between 1990 and 2007 and linked data to nationwide, population-based, health and census registers with a follow-up to 2010.RESULTS:The odds ratio (OR) of higher disease stage at diagnosis was significantly increased in lower education groups (OR stage II versus I=1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.5-1.7. OR stage III-IV versus I=2.3; 95% CI=1.8-2.9). The risk of dying of CMM, was significantly increased in patients with low (hazard ratio (HR) low versus high=2.02; 95% CI=1.80-2.26; p<0.0001) and intermediate (HR intermediate versus high=1.35; 95% CI=1.20-1.51; p<0.0001) level of education. After adjustment for age, gender, stage at diagnosis and other known prognostic factors, the HRs remained significant for low versus high (HR=1.13; 95% CI=1.01-1.27; p=0.04) but not for intermediate versus high (HR=1.11; 95% CI=0.99-1.24; p=0.08) education. The HR associated with low level of education was significantly higher among female patients, patients <55years, patients with truncal tumours and during the first 5years after diagnosis.CONCLUSION:Lower level of education is associated with reduced CMM-specific survival, which may at least partially be attributed to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. These results emphasise the need for improved early detection strategies.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive capacity in the multi-level management system of migratory waterbirds : a case study of participatory goose management in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Routledge. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 67:3, s. 522-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive management (AM) is one approach to manage migratory waterbirds, but obstacles to the implementation of AM require adaptive capacities in the management system (rules, institutions, action situations). This study aims to examine the adaptive capacity of participatory goose management in Sweden. Considering the biophysical and institutional context, we analyzed how tangible, individual, and governance assets were associated with technical and social learning. Interviews with informants in the national council for geese, swans, and cranes, and local management groups (LMGs) were conducted, and documentation reviewed. Results revealed evidence of a local preparedness in areas with an LMG. Nevertheless, the study highlighted a need to formalize the evolving system, to consider a more systematic implementation of AM (including regulations allowing for adaptive responses), and to ensure stakeholder acceptance for management tools and visions. The study illustrates the need for a broad set of assets to ensure learning in participatory management.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Are birdwatchers willing to participate in local goose management? : A case study from Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 69:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder involvement in wildlife management is important and requires knowledge about factors motivating such participation. With several goose populations increasing in Europe and goose management incorporating multiple objectives, involvement of stakeholder groups with diverse interests is needed. In this study, we examined how evaluations of geese (attitude and acceptance capacity), but also experiences of birdwatching and birdwatcher identity, were associated with willingness to participate in local goose management. A survey among members of Sweden's largest birdwatching organization was conducted (n = 5010). The majority of respondents, 64%, displayed a divided evaluation of geese, most frequently in terms of an overall positive attitude towards geese but a low acceptance for current goose population levels (i.e. acceptance capacity). Birdwatchers' willingness to participate in goose management was generally low. Whereas they were more willing to take part in goose counts (i.e. monitoring) than to participate in local goose management groups, they were least willing to contribute to mitigating crop damage through scaring geese. Results further revealed that birdwatchers with a divided evaluation of geese and an entirely positive evaluation displayed the highest willingness to participate in goose management. However, a stronger distinct birdwatcher identity as a result of more birdwatching experiences was even more strongly associated with higher willingness to take part in goose management. The results highlight a need to intensify efforts to engage stakeholder groups with an interest in conservation issues in the participatory goose management system in Europe.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Individuals and Multilevel Management : A Study of the Perceived Adaptive Capacity of the Goose Management System among Farmers in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Society and Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 35:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural damage by geese is a growing problem in Europe and farmers play a key role in the emerging multilevel adaptive management system. This study explored how characteristics associated with the farmer and the farm, along with experience of damage, cognitive appraisals, emotions, and management beliefs were associated with the perceived adaptive capacity of the goose management system among farmers in the south of Sweden (n = 1,067). Survey results revealed that owning a larger farm, a farm closer to water or formally protected areas, along with cultivating cereal and root crops, were associated with geese evoking stronger negative emotions. Further, more previous experience of damage was related to stronger negative emotions and lower levels of perceived adaptive capacity. However, even more important determinants of perceived adaptive capacity were cognitive appraisals, emotions, and management beliefs. Bridging the ties between individual farmers and the system is important for improved multilevel management.
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| 20. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of structural, situational, and psychological factors for involving hunters in the adaptive flyway management of geese
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive flyway management of superabundant geese is emerging as a strategy to reduce damage to agricultural crops and other ecosystem disservices, while also ensuring sustainable use and conservation objectives. Given the calls for intensified hunting as part of flyway management in Europe, we need to increase the understanding of structural, situational, and psychological factors important for goose hunting among hunters. Our survey data, retrieved in southern Sweden, showed a higher potential to intensify hunting among goose hunters than other hunters. In response to hypothetical policy instruments (including regulations, collaborative, and others), hunters declared a minor increase in their intention to hunt geese, with the greatest expected increase among goose hunters should the hunting season be extended. Situational factors (e.g., access to hunting grounds) were associated with goose hunting (frequency, bag size, and intention to increase hunting). In addition, controlled motivation (derived from external pressures or to avoid guilt) and more importantly autonomous motivation (due to hunting being enjoyable or valuable) were along with goose hunter identity positively associated with goose hunting. Hunters’ involvement in flyway management may be encouraged by using policy instruments to remove situational barriers and facilitate their autonomous motivation.
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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The public and geese : a conflict on the rise?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Dimensions of Wildlife. - : Routledge. - 1087-1209 .- 1533-158X. ; 25:5, s. 421-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wild geese are increasing in agricultural and urban settings across Europe, leading to widespread human – geese interactions. This study examined how the public’s acceptance of geese (attitude and acceptance capacity) varied depending on place dimensions, interactions with geese in different settings (place-based experience), and psychological factors, including wildlife value orientations, beliefs about the ecosystem services and disservices geese provide, and emotions. A survey was conducted in two municipalities with large goose populations in Sweden; Kristianstad and Örebro (n = 898). Results revealed a favorable view of the occurrence of geese, although a substantial share believed the number of geese was too high. Place-based experiences of geese were correlated with acceptance (e.g., more experience on beaches was associated with a negative attitude) and the importance of psychological factors for acceptance was confirmed. The study highlights the need to consider the public’s experiences of geese for sustainable goose management.
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| 22. |
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Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar : kunskapssammanställning om bete, övergödning, smittspridning och skyddsjakt
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- GÄSSEN I SVERIGE blir allt fler. De flesta gåsarter ökar i antal och med växande populationer ökar också konflikterna mellan samhällsintressen och människor som berörs av gässen. Ändrade flyttningsmönster är ett annat exempel på hur förutsättningarna för förvaltningen av gäss och svanar påverkas. I den strategi för svensk viltförvaltning som Naturvårdsverket har tagit fram betonas en förvaltning byggd på kvalitetssäkrad kunskap och förvaltningen av gäss är ett bra exempel på vikten av aktuell kunskap när omständigheterna förändras. Viltstrategin beskriver de vägval som Naturvårdsverket avser att genomföra för att utveckla och stärka Sveriges viltförvaltning fram till år 2020. Bland annat ska arbetet med att förebygga skador och andra problem som vilt orsakar utvecklas, tillsammans med övriga berörda organisationer. Strategin betonar också att svensk viltförvaltning ska bygga på den bästa tillgängliga kunskapen och att Naturvårdsverket har ett stort ansvar för att se till att aktuell kunskap kommer till användning. Forskarna Johan Elmberg och Johan Månsson har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverkets vetenskapliga kommitté för viltforskning gjort en litteraturöversikt om befintlig kunskap om gäss och om framtida kunskapsbehov. Kunskapssammanställningen ligger också till grund för ett större gåsforskningsprojekt under ledning av Johan Elmberg och Johan Månsson, med start 2017. I Naturvårdsverkets arbete med att ta fram vetenskapligt underlag till stöd för viltförvaltningen är gåsprojektet en viktig pusselbit som är tänkt att under de kommande åren kunna ge ytterligare kunskap till en gåsförvaltning i förändring. Författarna svarar ensamma för rapportens innehåll, slutsatser och rekommendationer
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| 23. |
- Giordanetto, Fabrizio, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Selective sPLA2-X Inhibitor (-)-2-{2-[Carbamoyl-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1 H-indol-1-yl]pyridine-2-yl}propanoic Acid
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 1948-5875. ; 9:7, s. 600-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lead generation campaign identified indole-based sPLA2-X inhibitors with a promising selectivity profile against other sPLA2 isoforms. Further optimization of sPLA2 selectivity and metabolic stability resulted in the design of (-)-17, a novel, potent, and selective sPLA2-X inhibitor with an exquisite pharmacokinetic profile characterized by high absorption and low clearance, and low toxicological risk. Compound (-)-17 was tested in an ApoE-/- murine model of atherosclerosis to evaluate the effect of reversible, pharmacological sPLA2-X inhibition on atherosclerosis development. Despite being well tolerated and achieving adequate systemic exposure of mechanistic relevance, (-)-17 did not significantly affect circulating lipid and lipoprotein biomarkers and had no effect on coronary function or histological markers of atherosclerosis.
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| 24. |
- Governa, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape of surfaceome and endocytome in human glioma is divergent and depends on cellular spatial organization
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Therapeutic strategies directed at the tumor surfaceome (TS), including checkpoint inhibitor blocking antibodies, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, provide a new armament to fight cancer. However, a remaining bottleneck is the lack of strategies to comprehensively interrogate patient tumors for potential TS targets. Here, we have developed a platform (tumor surfaceome mapping [TS-MAP]) integrated with a newly curated TS classifier (SURFME) that allows profiling of primary 3D cultures and intact patient glioma tumors with preserved tissue architecture. Moreover, TS-MAP specifically identifies proteins capable of endocytosis as tractable targets for ADCs and other modalities requiring toxic payload internalization. In high-grade gliomas that remain among the most aggressive forms of cancer, we show that cellular spatial organization (2D vs. 3D) fundamentally transforms the surfaceome and endocytome (e.g., integrins, proteoglycans, semaphorins, and cancer stem cell markers) with general implications for target screening approaches, as exemplified by an ADC targeting EGFR. The TS-MAP platform was further applied to profile the surfaceome and endocytome landscape in a cohort of freshly resected gliomas. We found a highly diverse TS repertoire between patient tumors, not directly associated with grade and histology, which highlights the need for individualized approaches. Our data provide additional layers of understanding fundamental to the future development of immunotherapy strategies, as well as procedures for proteomics-based target identification and selection. The TS-MAP platform should be widely applicable in efforts aiming at a better understanding of how to harness the TS for personalized immunotherapy.
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| 25. |
- John Mukkattukavil, Deepak, et al.
(författare)
-
Resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering on LaPt2Si2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 34:32, s. 324003-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of LaPt2Si2 single crystal at the Si 2p and La 4d edges are presented. The data are interpreted in terms of density functional theory, showing that the Si spectra can be described in terms of Si s and d local partial density of states (LPDOS), and the La spectra are due to quasi-atomic local 4f excitations. Calculations show that Pt d-LPDOS dominates the occupied states, and a sharp localized La f state is found in the unoccupied states, in line with the observations.
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| 26. |
- Larsson (Kaiser), Andréas, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel biochip technology for detection of explosives - TNT: Synthesis, characterisation and application
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005. ; 113:2, s. 730-748
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution describes the synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of a novel biochip technology for the detection of the explosive substance 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Two types of thiols are self-assembled to produce the biochip on gold, namely oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-alkyl thiols terminated with a hydroxyl group and a TNT-analogue (2,4-dinitrobenzene), respectively. Three different TNT-analogues are mixed in various proportions with hydroxyl-terminated OEG-thiols to obtain highly selective and sensitive biochips with a low non-specific binding. The produced self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are thoroughly characterised with null ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and they all meet high standards in terms of molecular conformation, packing and orientation. The biochip is designed to function as a platform for a competitive label-free immunoassay and two real-time transducers – surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) – are used to monitor the dissociation of on-line immobilised monoclonal antibodies produced against TNT. The three TNT-analogues are all potential candidates for the development of a functional biochip, though one of them displayed superior properties in terms of shorter recovery/stabilisation time after antibody immobilisation and a better response/loading capacity ratio. This is particularly evident when using low antigen (TNT-analogue) content in the mixed SAM.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Liljebäck, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning from long time series of harvest and population data : Swedish lessons for European goose management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - : Nordic Council for Wildlife Research (NKV). - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 1, s. 1-10
-
Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goose management in Europe is faced by multiple challenges, as some species are declining and in need of conservation actions, while other populations have become very abundant, resulting in calls for increased harvest. Sweden has long-term series of harvest data and counts of breeding and autumn-staging geese. We used national data (indices) for greylag goose, bean goose and Canada goose to study shifts in temporal trends and correlative patterns, and to infer possible causal links between harvest and population trends. Our study provides an opportunity to guide management given the data collected within the present monitoring, as well as to suggest improvements for future data collection. The populations of greylag and Canada geese increased in Sweden 1979–2018, but this long-term trend included a recent decrease in the latter species. Bean goose breeding index decreased, whilst staging numbers and harvest varied with no clear long-term trend. For Canada goose, our analysis suggests that harvest may affect population growth negatively. For bean goose and greylag goose we could not detect any effect of harvest on autumn counts the following year. We find that the present data and analysis of coherence may suffice as basis for decisions for the current management situation in Sweden with its rather unspecific goals for greylag (very abundant) and Canada goose (invasive species) populations. However, for management of bean geese, with international concerns of over harvest, data lack crucial information. For future management challenges, with more explicit goals, for all goose species we advocate information that is more precise. Data such as hunting effort, age-structure of goose populations and mark–recapture data to estimate survival and population size, is needed to feed predictive population models guiding future Swedish and European goose management.
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| 29. |
- Liljebäck, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning from long time series of harvest and population data : Swedish lessons for European goose management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - : Wiley. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 2021:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goose management in Europe is faced by multiple challenges, as some species are declining and in need of conservation actions, while other populations have become very abundant, resulting in calls for increased harvest. Sweden has long-Term series of harvest data and counts of breeding and autumn-staging geese. We used national data (indices) for greylag goose, bean goose and Canada goose to study shifts in temporal trends and correlative patterns, and to infer possible causal links between harvest and population trends. Our study provides an opportunity to guide management given the data collected within the present monitoring, as well as to suggest improvements for future data collection. The populations of greylag and Canada geese increased in Sweden 1979-2018, but this long-Term trend included a recent decrease in the latter species. Bean goose breeding index decreased, whilst staging numbers and harvest varied with no clear long-Term trend. For Canada goose, our analysis suggests that harvest may affect population growth negatively. For bean goose and greylag goose we could not detect any effect of harvest on autumn counts the following year. We find that the present data and analysis of coherence may suffice as basis for decisions for the current management situation in Sweden with its rather unspecific goals for greylag (very abundant) and Canada goose (invasive species) populations. However, for management of bean geese, with international concerns of over harvest, data lack crucial information. For future management challenges, with more explicit goals, for all goose species we advocate information that is more precise. Data such as hunting effort, age-structure of goose populations and mark-recapture data to estimate survival and population size, is needed to feed predictive population models guiding future Swedish and European goose management.
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| 30. |
- Mukkattukavil, Deepak John, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering on LaPt2Si2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 34:32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of LaPt2Si2 single crystal at the Si 2p and La 4d edges are presented. The data are interpreted in terms of density functional theory, showing that the Si spectra can be described in terms of Si s and d local partial density of states (LPDOS), and the La spectra are due to quasi-atomic local 4f excitations. Calculations show that Pt d-LPDOS dominates the occupied states, and a sharp localized La f state is found in the unoccupied states, in line with the observations.
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| 31. |
- Månsson, Carl-Johan
(författare)
-
Elfisken i Kalmar län 2018 : en rapport inom länets miljöövervakning
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Länsstyrelsen ansvarar för kalkningsverksamheten i länet. Inom ramen för kalkningsverksamheten ingår även att följa upp effekterna av genomförd kalkning. Denna verksamhet, kalkeffektuppföljningen, omfattar såväl kemisk som biologisk provtagning. Inom den biologiska provtagningen genomförs bland annat elprovfisken i kalkningens målvattendrag. Elprovfisken utförs även inom miljöövervakningen och för att följa upp genomförda biotopvårdsåtgärder.
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| 32. |
- Månsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Migration patterns of Swedish Greylag geese Anser anser : implications for flyway management in a changing world
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Verlag. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 68, s. 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant population growth of some European goose populations has led to initiatives to implement management at the flyway level. Understanding migration routes and spatiotemporal distribution is crucial for the successful and coordinated management of migratory species such as geese. In this study, we describe movements across the entire annual cycle in 76 Greylag geese (Anser anser) fitted with GPS tracking devices at five catch sites in Sweden. We show that Greylag geese breeding in Sweden still use a NE-SW migration path. However, the wintering range has undergone a northward shift during the last decades. Compared to previous studies, our data suggest a continued reduction in migration distance, being most pronounced in birds in southernmost Sweden. Greylag geese tagged in southernmost Sweden spent almost the entire annual cycle in Sweden and Denmark (97 and 100% of all GPS locations). In contrast, the flyway of Greylag geese from the northern catch sites still covers countries from Sweden to Spain, but presently, only a small fraction of the population migrates to Spain. Instead, most of the annual cycle is spent in Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, or Germany. The contrasting spatiotemporal distribution in geese of different geographical origin indicates that management initiatives for the NW/SW European Greylag Goose population need to consider that different migration strategies occur within previously defined management units. As a consequence, coordination of management actions (e.g. monitoring, harvest quotas, reserves) may need to consider different spatial scales, i.e. from the regional to the international scale depending on the origin of the Greylag geese.
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| 33. |
- Månsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding and overcoming obstacles in adaptive management
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:1, s. 55-71
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive management (AM) is widely promoted to improve management of natural resources, yet its implementation is challenging. We show that obstacles to the implementation of AM are related not only to the AM process per se but also to external factors such as ecosystem properties and governance systems. To overcome obstacles, there is a need to build capacities within the AM process by ensuring adequate resources, management tools, collaboration, and learning. Additionally, building capacities in the legal and institutional frames can enable the necessary flexibility in the governance system. Furthermore, in systems experiencing profound changes in wildlife populations, building such capacities may be even more critical as more flexibility will be needed to cope with increased uncertainty and changed environmental conditions.
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| 34. |
- Navarro-Ramos, María J., et al.
(författare)
-
Seed dispersal between aquatic and agricultural habitats by greylag geese
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waterbirds disperse plant seeds within and between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in their faeces. However, seed dispersal distances, connectivity among habitat types, and implications for dispersal of weeds remain unquantified in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, we GPS-tagged 31 greylag geese Anser anser and collected 300 faecal samples from feeding flocks in seven agricultural habitats (four cereals, hayfields, pasture, and strawberries) across two landscapes in southern Sweden. We identified intact seeds, determined key plant traits, and tested three hypotheses: (1) geese ingest, transport, and egest seeds from a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic plants, including weeds and alien species; (2) the community and trait composition of plant seeds in faeces vary between habitat types; and (3) seed dispersal by geese is a directional dispersal mechanism that connects some habitat types more than others. We recovered 131 seeds from 41 plant species (19 families), including nine agricultural weeds and one alien species. Many seeds were from aquatic plants (45%), dispersed into terrestrial habitats. A connectivity network formed between habitat types (as nodes) and direct flights (as links) revealed that all agricultural habitats were directly connected with each other, although 66% of flights were between aquatic and agricultural habitats. Geese spent most time at lakes (34%), pastures (14%), barley (10%) and wheat (8%) fields, which were also the most interconnected habitats, with high seed species richness and seed abundance in faecal samples. Combining waterfowl movement data with faecal analysis provided support for all three hypotheses. Geese may contribute to previously overlooked agricultural conflicts through weed dispersal. Proximity to aquatic habitats suitable for roosting may increases the use of agricultural habitats, and potentially the seed dispersal into them.
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| 35. |
- Nilsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Leapfrog migration and residents : New migratory habits in Swedish Greylag geese
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 2045-7758. ; 12:3, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about intraspecific and individual variation in bird migration behavior is important to predict spatiotemporal distribution, patterns of phenology, breeding success, and interactions with the surrounding environment (e.g., human livelihoods). Such variation is key to adaptive, evolutionary responses, i.e., how individuals respond spatiotemporally to the environment to maximize fitness. In this study we used GPS location data from one to three full annual cycles from 76 Greylag geese ( Anser anser) to test the hypothesis that geese originating at five latitudinally separated capture sites in Sweden have different migration strategies. We also assessed individual consistency in movement strategy over consecutive annual cycles. We used the scale-independent net squared displacement modeling framework to quantify variables of autumn and spring migration for geese from each capture site: distance, timing, and duration. Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between migration distance and latitudinal origin. Geese from the northernmost site on average migrated farther south and about 15 times as far as the short-moving or resident geese from the two southernmost sites. Movement strategies of individual geese varied considerably both within and among capture sites. Individual consistency in movement strategy from one annual cycle to the consecutive was high in geese from the northern sites moving the farthest, whereas the resident or short-moving geese from the southernmost sites generally showed lower or no individual consistency. These changes have come about during a time span so short (i.e., ca. 35 years or 8-10 generations) that it can unlikely be explained by classical Darwinian between-generation adaptation. Consequently, and given that young geese follow their parents during their first migration, we presume an important role of within-family, inter-generation change as a driver behind the large-scale changed migration habits in Swedish Greylag geese.
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| 36. |
- Nilsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection of a diversionary field and other habitats by large grazing birds in a landscape managed for agriculture and wetland biodiversity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc.. - 2688-8319. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several populations of cranes, geese, and swans are thriving and increasing in modern agricultural landscapes. Abundant populations are causing conservation conflicts, as they may affect agricultural production and biodiversity negatively. Management strategies involving provisioning of attractive diversionary fields where birds are tolerated can be used to reduce negative impact to growing crops. To improve such strategies, knowledge of how the birds interact with the landscape and respond to current management interventions is key. We used GPS locations from tagged common cranes (Grus grus) and greylag geese (Anser anser) to assess how they use and select differentially managed habitats, such as diversionary fields to decrease impact on agriculture and wetlands protected for biodiversity conservation. Our findings show a high probability of presence of common cranes and greylag geese in the protected area and in the diversionary field, but also on arable fields, potentially causing negative impact on agricultural production and wetland biodiversity. We outline recommendations for how to improve the practice of diversionary fields and complementary management to reduce risk of negative impact of large grazing birds in landscapes tailored for both conservation and conventional agriculture.
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| 37. |
- Olsson, Camilla, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-distance and local movements of greylag geese in present-day agricultural landscapes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 18th Conference of Goose Specialist Group. - : Marine Institute of Klaipeda University. - 9789955189794 ; , s. 77-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent changes in environmental conditions together with increasing goose populations have completely changed the ballgame for geese in Europe. To better understand their current distribution and foraging patterns, this project will explore how geese utilize the agricultural landscape, with focus on their movements, field selection and foraging patterns. We fitted 199 Greylag geese with neck-collars and 64 with GPS transmitters at 5 locations in Sweden. The tagged geese will be used for studying movement patterns at a field-tofield level. However, the GPS transmitters also deliver data that can be used together with re-sightnings of neck-collared geese to unravel large-scale movement patterns of the Swedish Greylag goose population. Preliminary results from GPS positions received June--November 2017 indicate a varation in migration patterns and wintering grounds, depending on the origin of the geese. Geese breeding and molting in the southern parts of Sweden seem to migrate shorter distances, and have spent most of their time during the autumn months in Denmark, or in the southernmost parts of Sweden, while the geese marked farther north migrated earlier and moved longer distances, with the majority spending the autumn in Germany and the Netherlands.
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| 38. |
- Olsson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-distance and local movements of greylag geese in present-day agricultural landscapes
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent changes in environmental conditions together with increasing goose populations have completely changed the ballgame for geese in Europe. To better understand their current distribution and foraging patterns, this project will explore how geese utilize the agricultural landscape, with focus on their movements, field selection and foraging patterns. We fitted 199 Greylag geese with neck-collars and 64 with GPS transmitters at 5 locations in Sweden. The tagged geese will be used for studying movement patterns at a field-tofield level. However, the GPS transmitters also deliver data that can be used together with re-sightnings of neck-collared geese to unravel large-scale movement patterns of the Swedish Greylag goose population. Preliminary results from GPS positions received June--November 2017 indicate a varation in migration patterns and wintering grounds, depending on the origin of the geese. Geese breeding and molting in the southern parts of Sweden seem to migrate shorter distances, and have spent most of their time during the autumn months in Denmark, or in the southernmost parts of Sweden, while the geese marked farther north migrated earlier and moved longer distances, with the majority spending the autumn in Germany and the Netherlands.
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| 39. |
- Olsson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
New migratory habits in Swedish Greylag geese : a challenge for flyway management?
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The growth of some European goose populations spurs initiatives to manage them at the flyway level. Success of such endeavors build on an appreciation of migration routes and temporal distribution. We describe movements over the annual cycle in 76 Greylag geese (Anser anser) fitted with GPS tracking devices at five sites in Sweden. Swedish Greylag geese still use a general SW-NE migration path. However, compared to previous knowledge we show that their wintering range has undergone a northward shift and a general reduction in migration distance, most pronounced in birds breeding in southernmost Sweden. The latter spent almost the entire annual cycle in Sweden and Denmark. The flyway of Greylag geese from more northern capture sites, though, still covers countries from Sweden to Spain, but only a fraction of the population now migrates to Spain. Instead, most of the annual cycle is spent in Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands or Germany. Analyses based on the net squared displacement modelling framework show thatSwedish Greylag geese now display ‘a leapfrog migration pattern’, radically different from ‘the chain migration pattern’ evident for the same population 35 years ago. The contrasting spatiotemporal distribution in geese of different geographical origin shows that management initiatives for European Greylag Geese must consider that different migration patterns occur within previously defined management units. As a consequence, coordination of management actions (monitoring, harvest quotas, reserves) needs to consider different spatial scales, from the regional to international, depending on the origin of the Greylag geese.
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| 40. |
- Robai, Christine I., et al.
(författare)
-
Reducing the number of grazing geese on agricultural fields : Effectiveness of different scaring techniques
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Crop Protection. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-2194 .- 1873-6904. ; 177, s. 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scaring is a widely used damage mitigation tool to make agricultural fields less attractive to wildlife and by that reduce crop damage. However, few experimental studies exist where the numerical response of different scaring devices has been compared. We tested experimentally the effect of three different scaring devices (kite, scarecrow, inflatable man) on the number of geese in fields with cereals, ley, rapeseed, potatoes, and carrots in Sweden. Geese were counted by camera traps and two approaches were used; in a first (model 1) only geese within 50–150m of the scaring devices were counted, and in a second (model 2) all geese in the field were included. A total of 42,281 geese were counted: Greylag goose Anser anser was the most common species (87%), followed by bean goose Anser fabalis (6%), greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons (3%), barnacle goose Branta leucopsis (2%), and Canada goose Branta canadensis (2%). During scaring the number of geese significantly decreased for all three devices in model 2. The inflatable man decreased goose numbers by 90.0 %, scarecrow 64.6%, and kite 60.5%. A similar pattern was found in model 1, but the decrease was not significant. Our study shows that the scaring devices studied can reduce goose grazing pressure for some time and locally. However, since geese continue to graze during scaring, we conclude that scaring alone is not a final solution to mitigate crop damage. Future work to develop more effective control measures should address the efficiency of other management tools and scaring techniques in combination.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Strong, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
-
Seeking greener pastures : crop selection by Greylag Geese (Anser anser) during the moulting season
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - : Finnish Omithological Soc. - 0030-5685. ; 98:1, s. 16-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last 40 years, many goose populations have recovered from historic lows and are now more numerous than ever. At the same time, geese have shifted from natural foraging habitats to securing most of their nutritional demands from agricultural fields, leading to crop damage and conflict with agriculture. We studied field use by Greylag Geese (Anser anser) in the agricultural landscape surrounding a main breeding and moulting lake in Sweden. From 2012 to 2016, weekly roadside surveys were conducted from May to July. Data were collected on goose numbers, crop type and sward height in agricultural fields. Using a compositional analysis, we demonstrate that Greylag Geese show a strong selection for ley and pasture fields compared to other crop types (rank order: ley/pasture > oat > barley > wheat > other crops). This selection was consistent across years and between pre- and post-moult. Aside from ley and pasture, no other croptypes were selected for, as they were used less than expected given their availability. Irrespective of crop type, geese foraged predominantly on short (0–10 cm) swards. The strong selection for ley and pasture may have been driven by higher nutritional quality of short, managed grass swards relative to other available foods. This suggests that during the summer grass fields may be more vulnerable to damage compared to other crop types. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the ecology of Greylag Geese, which may be used to inform management strategies focused on mitigating crop damage and alleviating conflict.
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| 43. |
- Strong, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
-
Seeking greener pastures : crop selection by Greylag Geese (Anser anser) during the moulting season
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - : University of Helsinki. - 0030-5685. ; 98:1, s. 16-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under de senaste 50 åren har åtskilliga gåspopulationer återhämtat sig från historiskt låga nivåer till att nu vara större än någonsin. Samtidigt har gäss i stor utsträckning övergivit sina ursprungliga födosöksmiljöer för att numer finna nästan all sin föda på jordbruksmark, något som ibland leder till konflikt på grund av betesskador. Vi studerade grödoval hos gragäss (Anser anser) i ett jordbruksdominerat landskap kring en viktig häcknings- och ruggningssjö i södra Sverige. Från 2012 till 2016 skedde inventeringar från vägar i studieområdet varje vecka under maj, juni och juli. Vi noterade antalet gäss, grödoslag och grödohöjd på alla fält med gragäss. Statistiska analyser (compositional analysis) visade att grägässen starkt föredrog fält med vall eller betesmark framför andra grödor (preferensordning: vall/betesmark > havre > korn > vete > övriga grödor). Preferensmönstret var det samma oberoende av år och period under sommaren (före resp. efter ruggning). Alla andra grödoslag än vall och betesmark var icke föredragna, eftersom de utnyttjades mindre än deras andel av studieområdet. Den starka preferensen för vall och betesmark kan vara en följd av en högre näringsmässig kvalitet hos gräs som ännu inte blivit högvuxet. Detta antyder i sin tur att fält med kort gräs är mer utsatta för gåsbete än andra grödor under sommarmånaderna. Denna studie ger ny kunskap om grágässens uppträdande på jordbruksmark under senvår och sommar, vilken kan ge förbättrade förvaltningsstrategier för att minska betesskador och reducera konflikten med jordbruksintressen.
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| 44. |
- Teräväinen, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Field selection of greylag geese (Anser anser) : Implications for management of set-aside fields to alleviate crop damage
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - : University of Helsinki. - 0030-5685. ; 99:2-3, s. 71-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Greylag geese (Anser anser) have been increasing in numbers in Europe during the last decades. They forage and roost in agricultural landscapes and may cause damage to sensitive crops. We studied field selection of greylag geese around lake Sörfjärden in south central Sweden where geese aggregate during the growing season. In this area a set-aside field was established in 2010, i.e., a field where geese can graze undisturbed, with the aim to reduce damage in surrounding conventional fields. The goal of our study was to investigate the general selection of the different field types as well as the specific set-aside field. We used a point survey count to estimate goose numbers and regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between presence or absence of greylag geese and field characteristics such as crop type, distance to roost site and field size. According to the top-ranked model, the probability of presence of foraging greylag geese was higher in spring and in grass fields, while the probability decreased with distance to roost site. Our results also show that the set-aside field in general was used more than other fields in the area during spring and summer but not during autumn. We conclude that it is important to consider variables affecting the probability of field selection by geese, such as season, crop type and distance to roosts to understand the behaviour of geese when establishing set-aside fields.
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| 45. |
- Widén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutrient balancing or spring flush – What determines spruce bark stripping level by red deer?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution and population density of red deer (Cervus elaphus) are increasing in several regions of Europe. The deer may cause severe damage in commercial forestry and agriculture. Bark stripping is the main problem in forests, especially on Norway spruce (Picea abies), and is thought to mostly occur during winter when other forage is scarce. It has been suggested that an imbalance in the nutrient intake, and especially a diet including high amounts of easily-digestible macronutrients, such as agricultural crops, can lead to an increased urge to consume bark. Feeding on brassicas, for example rapeseed (Brassica napus) might have this effect. The aim with this study was to investigate the relationship between intake of rapeseed and bark stripping on Norway spruce by red deer during early spring. We did this by a controlled feeding experiment with four groups of captive red deer in southern Sweden. All groups were given spruce logs every week, while only two groups had access to freshly harvested rapeseed plants. In addition, influence of air temperature and forage nutritional composition was taken into account. Our results show that red deer bark stripping can be considerable not only during winter but also during spring green-up. We found no significant influence of rapeseed on bark stripping performed by the deer. However, at a threshold temperature, deer suddenly started to ingest large amounts of bark biomass, coinciding with a significant change in the bark's concentration of starch. We suggest that the lack of effect of rapeseed feeding can partly be explained by overshadowing effects caused by such seasonal changes of bark characteristics, and partly by the fact that the rapeseed plants in our study contained lower than expected concentrations of easily-digestible macronutrients (apart from protein). We conclude that the risk of damage on spruce can be especially high during certain periods, something that is important to consider when mitigating bark stripping. However, several interactive effects are involved and must be considered in order to more efficiently mitigate damage. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 46. |
- Ahlgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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De stora restaureringarna : Från Uppsala domkyrka till Skokloster
- 2004
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De stora restaureringarna har varit årets tema. Genom att dokumentera och analysera teori och praktik i några av 1800- och 1900-talets största restaureringar - från genomgripande stilrestaureringar till ett mer återhållsamt och tekniskt skonsamt synsätt. Därmed får vi också ett bättre underlag även för dagens ställningstagande.Föremål för våra studier är Uppsala domkyrka, Gripsholms slott, Vreta klosterkyrka, Gustav 11I:s paviljong i Haga, Kungapalatset i Vadstena och Skoklosters slott. Vi hoppas att denna utställning skall bidra till en kritisk hållning och en ökad kunskap om restaureringskonsten, som kvalificerad yrkesuppgift, tidsspegel för historiesyn och som gestaltningsideal.
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| 47. |
- Ahmad, Irma, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of persistent symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life 6 months after COVID-19
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The long-term sequelae after COVID-19 constitute a challenge to public health and increased knowledge is needed. We investigated the prevalence of self-reported persistent symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to functional exercise capacity, 6 months after infection, and explored risk factors for COVID-19 sequalae.METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, cohort study including 434 patients. At 6 months, physical exercise capacity was assessed by a 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1MSTST) and persistent symptoms were reported and HRQoL was evaluated through the EuroQol 5-level 5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Patients with both persistent symptoms and reduced HRQoL were classified into a new definition of post-acute COVID syndrome, PACS+. Risk factors for developing persistent symptoms, reduced HRQoL and PACS+ were identified by multivariable Poisson regression.RESULTS: Persistent symptoms were experienced by 79% of hospitalized, and 59% of non-hospitalized patients at 6 months. Hospitalized patients had a higher prevalence of self-assessed reduced overall health (28 vs. 12%) and PACS+ (31 vs. 11%). PACS+ was associated with reduced exercise capacity but not with abnormal pulse/desaturation during 1MSTST. Hospitalization was the most important independent risk factor for developing persistent symptoms, reduced overall health and PACS+.CONCLUSION: Persistent symptoms and reduced HRQoL are common among COVID-19 survivors, but abnormal pulse and peripheral saturation during exercise could not distinguish patients with PACS+. Patients with severe infection requiring hospitalization were more likely to develop PACS+, hence these patients should be prioritized for clinical follow-up after COVID-19.
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| 48. |
- Allen, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling up movements: from individual space use to population patterns
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925. ; 7, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying multiple individuals from multiple populations would add knowledge about the proportion of different movement strategies (migratory vs. resident) and how space use patterns vary within and across populations. This allows for effective conservation or management of partially migratory animal populations by identifying the appropriate size of management units and temporal interventions. However, this knowledge is often lacking as only a few individuals from a single population are tracked in space and time. To understand the drivers of intraspecific variation in movement patterns across a broad scale, we analyzed the multiannual space use of 307 moose (Alces alces), containing 544 single-year trajectories, from 10 study areas that are spread over a 1500-km latitudinal gradient. Using a novel approach, we quantified within-and among-population variation in movement and space use patterns. We identified the movement strategy (migratory, sedentary, nomadic, or dispersal) of moose and computed annual and seasonal home ranges. Individuals demonstrated variable movement strategies from migration to year-round residence. Summer home ranges were larger in northern study areas, whereas no geographical trends were detected among populations in winter home ranges. Individual-level traits, such as sex and age, along with factors related to the landscape, such as land use and habitat, explained variation within populations, whereas climatic factors such as temperature and vegetative productivity explained variation among populations. Importantly, the variables that explained individual-level variation in space use within populations were different for all our populations. We demonstrate the intricate interplay between individual life history and landscape scale variables and how they may determine the observed movement patterns and influence the scale of management.
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| 49. |
- Allen, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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The impacts of landscape structure on the winter movements and habitat selection of female red deer
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 60, s. 411-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An area of research that has recently gained more attention is to understand how species respond to environmental change such as the landscape structure and fragmentation. Movement is crucial to select habitats but the landscape structure influences the movement patterns of animals. Characterising the movement characteristics, utilisation distribution (UD) and habitat selection of a single species in different landscapes can provide important insights into species response to changes in the landscape. We investigate these three fields in female red deer (Cervus elaphus) in southern Sweden, in order to understand how landscape structure influences their movement and feeding patterns. Movements are compared between two regions, one dominated by a fragmented agriculture-forest mosaic and the other by managed homogenous forest. Red deer in the agriculture-dominated landscape had larger UDs compared to those in the forest-dominated area, moved larger distances between feeding and resting and left cover later in the day but used a similar duration for their movements, suggesting faster travelling speeds between resting and feeding locations. The habitat selection patterns of red deer indicate a trade-off between forage and cover, selecting for habitats that provide shelter during the day and forage by night. However, the level of trade-off, mediated through movement and space use patterns, is influenced by the landscape structure. Our approach provides further understanding of the link between individual animal space use and changing landscapes and can be applied to many species able to carry tracking devices.
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| 50. |
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