| 1. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 2. |
- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical efficacy of a topical lactic acid bacterial microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis: A randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology. - : Wiley. - 2378-8038. ; 2:6, s. 410-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveA locally disturbed commensal microbiome might be an etiological factor in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in general and in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) in particular. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been suggested to restore commensal microbiomes. A honeybee LAB microbiome consisting of various lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have been found potent against CRS pathogens in vitro. Recently, we examined effects of single nasal administrations of this microbiome in healthy subjects and found it inert. In this study, we examined effects of repeated such administrations in patients with CRSsNP.Study DesignThe study was of a randomized, double-blinded, crossover, and sham-controlled design.MethodsTwenty patients received 2 weeks' treatment administered using a nasal spray-device. The subjects were monitored with regard to symptoms (SNOT-22 questionnaire, i.e., the primary efficacy variable), changes to their microbiome, and inflammatory products (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-, IL-8,a, and MPO) in nasal lavage fluids.ResultsNeither symptom scores, microbiological explorations, nor levels of inflammatory products in nasal lavage fluids were affected by LAB (c.f. sham).ConclusionTwo weeks' nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome to patients with CRSsNP is well tolerated but affects neither symptom severity nor the microbiological flora/local inflammatory activity.Level of Evidence1b
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| 3. |
- Bergenfelz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Complications to thyroid surgery : results as reported in a database from a multicenter audit comprising 3,660 patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's archives of surgery (Print). - : Springer. - 1435-2443 .- 1435-2451. ; 393:5, s. 667-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: During recent years, more radical surgery for thyroid disease, i.e., total instead of subtotal resection, has been evident. Results following this strategy on national levels are scarce.MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2004 to 2006, 26 Scandinavian Departments registered 3,660 thyroid operations in a database. Risk factors for complications were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.RESULTS: After thyroidectomy, re-bleeding occurred in 2.1% and was associated with older age (OR 1.04; p < 0.0001) and male gender (OR 1.90; p = 0.014). Postoperative infection occurred in 1.6% and associated with lymph node operation (OR 8.18; p < 0.0001). Postoperative unilateral paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was diagnosed 3.9% and bilateral paresis in 0.2%. Unilateral paresis was associated with older age, intrathoracic goiter, thyreotoxicosis, and if routine laryngoscopy was practiced (OR 1.92; p = 0.0002). After 6 months, the incidence of nerve paresis was 0.97%. After bilateral thyroid surgery (n = 1,648), hypocalcaemia treated with vitamin D analogue occurred in 9.9% of the patients at the first follow-up and in 4.4% after 6 months.CONCLUSION: Complications to thyroid surgery are not uncommon. The high frequency of hypocalcaemia treated with vitamin D after 6 months is a cause of concern.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Djupsjöbacka, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Eye-opening Penalty with Aid of the Ripple Function of Fiber Bragg-gratings
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications. ; 28, s. 91-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate six different methods presented in litera-ture to estimate eye-opening penalty for dispersion-com-pensating fiber Bragg gratings with aid of the grating’s ripple function. The investigation is based on theoretical ripple functions as well on measurement results of three continuously chirped gratings. The gratings in question offer full wavelength coverage between 1530 nm and 1565 nm. We will show that the eye-opening penalty de-pends on the phase and frequency of the grating’s ripple function as well as to pattern length and to pulse form of the signal used. Since the estimation methods do not ac-count for these properties, their accuracy is shown to be limited.
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| 6. |
- Djupsjöbacka, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Measured Temporal statistics of the DGD RMS-Value in Buried Optical Fibers
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 21:24, s. 1801-1803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behavior of the differential group delay (DGD)root-mean-square (rms) value is investigated for a buried G.652fiber line in a metropolitan fiber plant outside Stockholm, Sweden.This study presents measurement results from two different mea-surement periods where the same fiber and the same measurementequipment was used. In total,2800 hours of measurements wereperformed. As expected, the recorded DGD rms-value variedwith time. The measured standard deviation for the statistics ofthe DGD rms-value fits reasonably well with values presentedin literature. The fiber line, which showed a DGD rms-value of0.45 ps in average, had an extremely long time constant. Evenafter2800 hours of measurements we have not closed in on theexpected asymptotic distribution of the measured DGD rms-value
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| 7. |
- Forzati, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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40-gb/s field transmission through 540 km ssmf using the aprz modulation format
- 2005
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optical Society of America. - 1557527849 - 9781557527844
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first field transmission experiment using the APRZ modulation format for 40-Gb/s transmission through 540 km SSMF, which confirms the improved nonlinear tolerance of APRZ. The optimum phase-modulation amplitude in this experiment is p/2.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Forzati, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Asynchronous Phase Modulation for the Suppression of IFWM
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 25, s. 2969-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrachannel four-wave mixing (IFWM) represents main source of impairments in fiber transmission at 40 Gb/s. A number of phase modulation techniques have been proposed to suppress the IFWM. In this paper, we study a cost-effective way of increasing the nonlinear tolerance of a 40-Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing transmission system by asynchronous phase modulation (APM). This can be achieved with one phase modulator placed after the wavelength multiplexer so that cost is shared by all channels. We show, by means of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, that APM greatly improves the performance of ON-OFF-keying transmission.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Forzati, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of intra-channel four-wave mixing using the alternate-phase RZ modulation format
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- —The authors propose a modulation format in which the phase of the signal pulses alternates, in order to reduce the intrachannel four-wave mixing. They demonstrate numerically that the performance of a 40-Gb/s transmission link can be substantially improved.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindström, Kjell, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Can selective serotonin inhibitor drugs in elderly patients in nursing homes be reduced?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 25:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) could be withdrawn for elderly residents who had been on treatment for at least one year and to evaluate a method for systematic drug review. DESIGN: Open, prospective, interventional study. SETTING: Four counties in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Elderly residents at 19 nursing homes, with ongoing treatment with SSRIs for more than one year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical evaluation, registration of drugs used and rating with Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). A semi-structured telephone interview with 15 participating physicians and 19 nurses. RESULTS: About one-third of all 822 residents in the nursing homes had ongoing antidepressant treatment, predominantly with SSRIs; 75% of them had been treated with SSRIs for at least one year and 119 (60%) of these were considered eligible for the study. The intervention was judged successful in 52% of these residents of whom 88% had a MADRS rating of less than 20 points. The GPs and the nurses experienced the method as practicable. CONCLUSIONS: Withdrawal of SSRI treatment was successful in the majority of cases. The MADRS may be a valuable addition to clinical evaluation when deciding whether to end or continue SSRI treatment.
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| 14. |
- Marquart, Hanne Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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C1q deficiency in an Inuit family: Identification of a new class of C1q disease-causing mutations
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6616. ; 124:1, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- C1q deficiency is a rare condition associated with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome and recurrent infections. Here we present the molecular basis behind C1q deficiency in three sisters of Inuit origin. Initial examination for complement deficiency showed no function of the classical complement activation pathway in the patients; the lectin and alternative pathways were intact. No C1q or tow molecular weight Clq was detected in sera and no anti-C1q autoantibodies were found. Sequencing of the C1q genes revealed a novel missense mutation (Gly-Arg) in codon 217 of the B chain. All sisters were homozygous for the mutation: both parents were heterozygous. None of 100 healthy controls carried the mutation. Our findings define a third class of molecular mechanisms behind C1q deficiency, where missense mutations cause a lack of detectable C1q-antigen in serum. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. ALL rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a honeybee lactic acid bacterial microbiome on human nasal symptoms, commensals, and biomarkers
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6984 .- 2042-6976. ; 6:9, s. 956-963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can restore commensal microbiomes and prevent infections. Arguably, nasal administrations of LAB may therefore be beneficial in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous studies have examined effects of topical/nasal LAB in children with secretory otitis media, but little is as yet known about their effects on the human nasal airway. The aim of this pilot study was to examine effects on nasal symptoms and commensal bacteria in healthy subjects of nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome; ie, a mixture of 9 Lactobacillus spp. and 4 Bifidobacterium spp. obtained from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether or not the honeybee LAB produced a local inflammatory response.METHODS: Twenty-two healthy subjects received a single administration of honeybee LAB in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover design. Using questionnaires, microbiological methods, and nasal lavages, they were assessed regarding symptoms, changes to commensal bacteria, and inflammatory products in nasal lavage fluids.RESULTS: The honeybee LAB did not produce any symptoms or other untoward effects. No changes were observed of commensal bacteria by the honeybee LAB, and no inflammatory response was detected (compared to sham); ie, unaffected nasal lavage fluid levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG), interleukin-15 (IL-15), epidermal growth factor (EGF), eotaxin, interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).CONCLUSION: A single human nasal administration of a honeybee LAB microbiome is well tolerated. Specifically, it does not affect commensal bacteria and does not produce an inflammatory response.
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| 16. |
- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Extending Rigor and Relevance: Towards Credible, Contributory and Communicable Research
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many ways to discuss research quality. This paper aims at presenting an actionable framework for research quality, which can be used as guiding principles for identifying important dimensions when evaluating research. The framework takes its starting point in prior suggestions that research should be rigorous, relevant and consumable. When examining the rigor aspect it is argued that this is a means rather than an end. By being rigorous, research strives to be credible. This also calls for consistency and transparency. Similarly, it is argued that relevance is a means for research to be contributory. To be contributory research also has to be original and generalizable. Research has to be consumable in order to be communicable, but to become a consumed piece of research it must also be accessible. Starting out with the agenda of discussing research being rigorous, relevant and consumable, the paper instead ends up with a call for research being credible, contributory and communicable. By using the dimensions presented in the paper, researchers may increase the quality of research efforts both in research design, as well as research execution and research presentation.
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| 17. |
- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Nasal administration of a probiotic assemblage in allergic rhinitis: A randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222 .- 0954-7894. ; 52:6, s. 774-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Topical probiotics have been suggested as a treatment option for allergic rhinitis, as they may skew the immune response towards a beneficial type-1 non-allergic profile. So far observations in man have exclusively involved oral intake. The aim of this study was to examine whether a topical/nasal administration of a probiotic assemblage (PA) affects quality of life, symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis in a nasal allergen challenge (NAC) model.Methods: In a placebo-controlled and crossover design, 24 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomised to topical/nasal administration with a PA of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1, Lactobacillus paracasei 101/37 and Lactococcus lactis L1A or placebo for 3 weeks. Participants and investigators were blind to treatment allocation. The last week of each treatment period was combined with a NAC series. Efficacy variables were "Mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire" (Mini-RQLQ), "Total Nasal Symptom Score" (TNSS), "Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow" (PNIF) and "Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide" (FeNO). In addition, to assess whether or not the PA produced any pro-inflammatory effect per se, soluble analytes were monitored in nasal lavage fluids. Finally, bacterial cultures, sampled using swabs from the middle nasal meatus, were assessed for the presence of the PA by MALDI-TOF analysis.Results: Administration of the PA did not produce any nasal symptoms (cf. placebo). An innate immune response was discerned within the PA run (cf. baseline), but no change in nasal lavage fluid levels of cytokines/mediators was observed cf. placebo except for IL-17/IL-17A (a minor increase in the PA run). Administration of the PA did neither affect Mini-RQLQ, TNSS, PNIF nor FeNO. No evidence of persistent colonization was observed.Conclusions: Topical/nasal administration of a PA comprising Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1, Lactobacillus paracasei 101/37 and Lactococcus lactis L1A, while likely evoking a minor innate immune response yet being safe, does not affect quality of life, symptoms or signs of allergic rhinitis.
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| 18. |
- Mårtensson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Upper airway microbiome transplantation for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. - : Wiley. - 2042-6976 .- 2042-6984. ; 13:6, s. 979-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP) is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. The underlying cause is unclear but increasing interest has been directed toward changes in the sinonasal microbiome as a potential driver. Methods: Twenty-two patients diagnosed with CRSsNP were treated with antibiotics for 13 days, followed by 5 consecutive days of nasal microbiome transplants from healthy donors. Outcome measures were 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), endoscopic grading, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next generation sequencing (microbiome analysis), and nasal lavage fluid analysis of inflammatory cytokines. Patients were examined at the start of the study and after antibiotic treatment as well as 10 days and 3 months after the transplant series. Results: At the end of the study, patients reported significantly reduced SNOT-22 scores and microbiome analysis showed significantly increased abundance and diversity. No significant change was observed for TNSS or endoscopic scoring. Conclusion: Nasal microbiome transplants obtained from healthy individuals and administered as nasal lavages to patients with CRSsNP are feasible. The patients reported significant and lasting reduction of symptoms and these findings were associated with a lasting increase in abundance and diversity of the local bacterial flora. The observations, which need to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials, may constitute a new treatment avenue for these difficult to treat patients where antibiotics only provide short lasting symptom control.
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| 19. |
- Mårtensson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The sensitivity of hyaluronan analysis of pleural fluid from patients with malignant mesothelioma and a comparison of different methods
- 1994
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Ingår i: Cancer. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 73:5, s. 1406-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hyaluronan may be used as a marker for malignant mesothelioma, thus indicating its mesodermal origin. METHODS: The sensitivity as a diagnostic test of three different methods for hyaluronan analyses of pleural fluid was examined in patients with biopsy-verified malignant pleural mesothelioma. RESULTS: A quantitative high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) method was performed on fluids from 43 patients. Using a cutoff level of 100 mg/l, higher levels were noted in 30 (70%) patients, with a median value of 220 mg/l (mean, 560 mg/l; range, 20-6600 mg/l). An identical median value (220 mg/l) was obtained with a radioassay method when simultaneously performed on paired samples from 21 patients (correlation coefficient, 0.91). A qualitative precipitation test using 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride combined with a quantitative viscosimetric method was significantly less sensitive (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Hyaluronan analyses is beneficial in distinguishing malignant mesothelioma if methods such as the evaluated HPLC or radioassay with a sensitivity of 70% toward mesothelioma are used and other known causes of elevated content are considered.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Mårtensson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of Nonlinear Tolerance in 40 Gbit/s Transmission by Phase Modulation at 10 GHz
- 2002
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Ingår i: 2002 28TH European Conference on Optical Communication. - 8790974638
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to suppress intra-channel four-wave-mixing (IFWM) in 40 Gbit/s optical transmission by applying a phase modulation at 10 GHz. Both numerical simulations and experiments show that the penalty induced by IFWM is significantly reduced
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| 22. |
- Mårtensson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Phase Modulation Schemes for Improving Intra-Channel Nonlinear Tolerance in 40 Gbit/s Transmission
- 2003
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Ingår i: Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 662-663
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several schemes for suppressing infra-channel non-linearities by introducing phase shifts between pulses are compared. Simulations and experiments show that sinusoidal phase modulation at 10 GHz provides a simple and effective means for improving the nonlinear tolerance in 40 Gbit/s transmission.
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| 23. |
- Mårtensson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of intra-channel four-wave mixing by phase modulation at one quarter of bit rate
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electronic Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194. ; 38:23, s. 1463-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proposed improvement of the nonlinear tolerance in 40 Gbit/s optical transmission by applying a 10 GHz phase modulation is presented. The improvement is obtained because intra-channel four-wave mixing (IFWM) is suppressed. It is shown, both by numerical simulations and experiments, that the penalty induced by IFWM is significantly reduced.
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| 24. |
- Mårtensson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Epitaxial Growth of Indium Arsenide Nanowires on Silicon Using Nucleation Templates Formed by Self-Assembled Organic Coatings
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 1521-4095 .- 0935-9648. ; 19, s. 1801-1801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indium arsenide nanowires are grown directly on silicon substrates (see figure and cover) using a method employing self-assembled organic coatings to create oxide-based growth templates. High-performance materials, such as InAs, could have great impact on future nanoelectronics if integrated with Si, but integration has so far been hard to realize with other methods.
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| 25. |
- Abdulla, Salim, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline data of parasite clearance in patients with falciparum malaria treated with an artemisinin derivative : an individual patient data meta-analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2875. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum manifests as slow parasite clearance but this measure is also influenced by host immunity, initial parasite biomass and partner drug efficacy. This study collated data from clinical trials of artemisinin derivatives in falciparum malaria with frequent parasite counts to provide reference parasite clearance estimates stratified by location, treatment and time, to examine host factors affecting parasite clearance, and to assess the relationships between parasite clearance and risk of recrudescence during follow-up. Methods: Data from 24 studies, conducted from 1996 to 2013, with frequent parasite counts were pooled. Parasite clearance half-life (PC1/2) was estimated using the WWARN Parasite Clearance Estimator. Random effects regression models accounting for study and site heterogeneity were used to explore factors affecting PC1/2 and risk of recrudescence within areas with reported delayed parasite clearance (western Cambodia, western Thailand after 2000, southern Vietnam, southern Myanmar) and in all other areas where parasite populations are artemisinin sensitive. Results: PC1/2 was estimated in 6975 patients, 3288 of whom also had treatment outcomes evaluate d during 28-63 days follow-up, with 93 (2.8 %) PCR-confirmed recrudescences. In areas with artemisinin-sensitive parasites, the median PC1/2 following three-day artesunate treatment (4 mg/kg/day) ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 h and the proportion of patients with PC1/2 > 5 h from 0 to 10 %. Artesunate doses of 4 mg/kg/day decreased PC1/2 by 8.1 % (95 % CI 3.2-12.6) compared to 2 mg/kg/day, except in populations with delayed parasite clearance. PC1/2 was longer in children and in patients with fever or anaemia at enrolment. Long PC1/2 (HR = 2.91, 95 % CI 1.95-4.34 for twofold increase, p < 0.001) and high initial parasitaemia (HR = 2.23, 95 % CI 1.44-3.45 for tenfold increase, p < 0.001) were associated independently with an increased risk of recrudescence. In western Cambodia, the region with the highest prevalence of artemisinin resistance, there was no evidence for increasing PC1/2 since 2007. Conclusions: Several factors affect PC1/2. As substantial heterogeneity in parasite clearance exists between locations, early detection of artemisinin resistance requires reference PC1/2 data. Studies with frequent parasite count measurements to characterize PC1/2 should be encouraged. In western Cambodia, where PC1/2 values are longest, there is no evidence for recent emergence of higher levels of artemisinin resistance.
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| 26. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating untapped bike potential with crowdsourcing data
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 488-489
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The city of Lund has a high share of trips done by bicycle, and ambitious goals of becoming climate-neutral by 2030. Still the municipality, like many other cities, has difficulty in reaching the goals of increasing cycling and needs to find the real potential. To understand the untapped cycling potentials of a city, and generally to promote it, it is important to first assess how bike is used and why. This can be done by observing the bike flows and understanding the reasons for the use or misuse of bikes as a transport mode. Particularly, for the scope of identifying untapped potential, the preferred time scale should be smaller than the traditional count based on annual average figures. Also, opposite to motorized traffic, bicycle volume can rapidly change inside a city. All this caused the need to search for more effective methods to estimate bicycle volume like crowdsourcing data that can be provided by mobile apps which are usually collected for other purposes. The present study introduces a method of bicycle volume estimation based on GPS data from the TravelVu application, an app-based tool to collect travel survey data. A spatial analysis has been chosen to investigate the correlation between the data from the Lund municipality counting and the GPS data from TravelVu app. The analysis has been performed by comparing the average daily bike volume with the aggregated data in 3 months for the GPS track. Counting data refers to 2018 and 2021 and the TravelVu data refers to 3 months starting from August 2018 and 2021, where 2018 data are collected through crowdsourcing and 2021 are random sampling. All the weekend data have been removed since the manual counting was always carried out during weekdays (and should be represented by those). At first, all the data from the Lund municipality report were digitalized in a GIS map and then clustered per intersection to have a more robust regression when compared to the TravelVu data and to reduce the possible spatial errors.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality Is Not Increased in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone-treated Patients When Adjusting for Birth Characteristics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : ENDOCRINE SOC. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 101:5, s. 2149-2159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether reported high mortality in childhood recombinant human GH (rhGH)-treated patients was related to birth-characteristics and/or rhGH treatment. Design and Setting: We sought to develop a mortality model of the Swedish general population born between 1973 and 2010, using continuous-hazard functions adjusting for birth characteristics, sex, age intervals, and calendar year to estimate standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and to apply this model to assess expected deaths in Swedish rhGH-treated patients with idiopathic isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), idiopathic short stature (155) or born small for gestational age (SGA). Participants:The general population: Swedish Medical Birth Register (1973-2010: 1 880 668 males; 1 781 131 females) and Cause of Death Register (1985-2010). Intervention Population: Three thousand eight hundred forty-seven patients starting rhGH treatment between 1985 and 2010 and followed in the National GH Register and/or in rhGH trials diagnosed with IGHD (n = 1890), ISS (n = 975), or SGA (n=982). Main Outcome Measures: Death. Results: Using conventional models adjusting for age, sex, and calendar-year, the SMR was 1.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.19), P = .14, observed/expected deaths 21/14.68. The rhGH population differed (P amp;lt; .001) from the general population regarding birth weight, birth length, and congenital malformations. Application of an Advanced Model: When applying the developed mortality model of the general population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths in rhGH-treated patients was 21/21.99; SMR = 0.955 (0.591-1.456)P = .95. Model Comparison: Expected number of deaths were 14.68 (14.35-14.96) using the conventional model, and 21.99 (21.24-22.81) using the advanced model, P amp;lt; .001, which had at all ages a higher gradient of risk per SD of the model, 24% (range, 18-42%; P amp;lt; .001). Conclusions: Compared with the general Swedish population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths (21/21.99) was not increased in childhood rhGH-treated IGHD, ISS, and SGA patients when applying an advanced sex-specific mortality model adjusting for birth characteristics.
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| 32. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality is not increased in rhGH-treated patients when adjusting for birth characteristics.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 101:5, s. 2149-2159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether reported high mortality in childhood recombinant human GH (rhGH)-treated patients was related to birth-characteristics and/or rhGH treatment. Design and Setting: We sought to develop a mortality model of the Swedish general population born between 1973 and 2010, using continuous-hazard functions adjusting for birth characteristics, sex, age intervals, and calendar year to estimate standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and to apply this model to assess expected deaths in Swedish rhGH-treated patients with idiopathic isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), idiopathic short stature (155) or born small for gestational age (SGA). Participants:The general population: Swedish Medical Birth Register (1973-2010: 1 880 668 males; 1 781 131 females) and Cause of Death Register (1985-2010). Intervention Population: Three thousand eight hundred forty-seven patients starting rhGH treatment between 1985 and 2010 and followed in the National GH Register and/or in rhGH trials diagnosed with IGHD (n = 1890), ISS (n = 975), or SGA (n=982). Main Outcome Measures: Death. Results: Using conventional models adjusting for age, sex, and calendar-year, the SMR was 1.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.19), P = .14, observed/expected deaths 21/14.68. The rhGH population differed (P < .001) from the general population regarding birth weight, birth length, and congenital malformations. Application of an Advanced Model: When applying the developed mortality model of the general population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths in rhGH-treated patients was 21/21.99; SMR = 0.955 (0.591-1.456)P = .95. Model Comparison: Expected number of deaths were 14.68 (14.35-14.96) using the conventional model, and 21.99 (21.24-22.81) using the advanced model, P < .001, which had at all ages a higher gradient of risk per SD of the model, 24% (range, 18-42%; P < .001). Conclusions: Compared with the general Swedish population, the ratio of observed/expected deaths (21/21.99) was not increased in childhood rhGH-treated IGHD, ISS, and SGA patients when applying an advanced sex-specific mortality model adjusting for birth characteristics.
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| 33. |
- Alfredsson, Ylvi, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of a vapor-deposited metal-free phthalocyanine thin film
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 122:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of a vapor-sublimated thin film of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) is studied experimentally and theoretically. An atom-specific picture of the occupied and unoccupied electronic states is obtained using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy (XAS), core- and valence-level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT calculations allow for an identification of the contributions from individual nitrogen atoms to the experimental N1s XAS and valence XPS spectra. This comprehensive study of metal-free phthalocyanine is relevant for the application of such molecules in molecular electronics and provides a solid foundation for identifying modifications in the electronic structure induced by various substituent groups.
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| 34. |
- Alfredsson, Ylfi, et al.
(författare)
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Phase and molecular orientation in H2Pc on conducting glass : characterization of two deposition methods
- 2005
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 493:1-2, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, metal-free phthalocyanine has been deposited on a conducting glass surface by two methods: by spreading the molecular powder directly on the substrate in air and by vapor sublimation under ultra-high vacuum conditions (evaporation). The films have been characterized by means of core level X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and Ultra Violet and Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Our results show that the two deposition methods produce molecular overlayers in different polymorphic phases; the UV-Vis measurements indicate that the film obtained by powder deposition is of x-phase type whereas sublimation leads to an α-polymorph structure. The XAS results show that in the powder deposited film the molecules are mainly oriented parallel to the surface. This is opposite to the case of the vapor deposited film, where the molecules mainly are oriented orthogonal to the surface.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Almquist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Changing biochemical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 395, s. 925-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, pHPT, present with milder symptoms than previously. Some, but not all studies, suggest that this change in clinical pattern also implies lower preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or calcium levels and smaller adenomas. This is important since reports indicate that smaller adenomas are more difficult to detect on preoperative imaging, possibly increasing the risk of surgical failure. METHODS: There were 640 patients with histologically confirmed single-gland pHPT identified in a prospectively collected database. Median values of preoperative calcium, PTH, as well as adenoma weight were compared in three different time periods: 1990-1995, 1996-2000, and 2000-2007. Correlation between the preoperative levels of calcium and PTH and adenoma weight was calculated. RESULTS: Preoperative ionized calcium decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between preoperative PTH and adenoma weight (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). The magnitude of this correlation decreased over time. In women, adenoma weight decreased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Median (25th-75th percentile) adenoma weight in women was 750 (400-1,380) mg, 650 (350-1,205) mg, and 520 (305-1,065) mg in the first, second, and third period, respectively. CONCLUSION: From 1990 to 2007, there was a significant trend to operate pHPT patients with lower preoperative serum ionized calcium levels. In women, the adenoma weight decreased. This trend could potentially lead to decreased sensitivity in preoperative localization procedures.
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Maria Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Clearance and Frequent Reinfection With Enteric Pathogens Among Children With Acute Diarrhea in Zanzibar.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 65:8, s. 1371-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important cause of illness and death among children in low-income countries. In addition to rotavirus vaccination, actions to improve nutrition status, sanitation, and water quality are important to reduce enteric infections, which are frequent also among asymptomatic children. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high prevalence of these infections reflects that they often are not cleared properly by the immune response or rather is due to frequent pathogen exposure.Methods: Rectal swabs were collected at time of acute diarrhea and 14 days later from 127 children, aged 2-59 months and living in rural Zanzibar, and were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting multiple pathogens.Results: At baseline, detection rates >20% were found for each of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, norovirus GII, and adenovirus. At follow-up, a large proportion of the infections had become cleared (34-100%), or the pathogen load reduced, and this was observed also for agents that were presumably unrelated to diarrhea. Still, the detection frequencies at follow-up were for most agents as high as at baseline, because new infections had been acquired. Neither clearance nor reinfection was associated with moderate malnutrition, which was present in 21% of the children.Conclusions: Children residing in poor socioeconomic conditions, as in Zanzibar, are heavily exposed to enteric pathogens, but capable of rapidly clearing causative and coinfecting pathogens.
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| 38. |
- Andersson Trojer, Markus, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Replacement of H-bonded bridged water by transition metal ions in poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-methylmethacrylate) copolymers: A vibrational spectroscopy study using mid-FTIR, far-FTIR and ab initio calculations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Vibrational Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-2031. ; 61, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed structural analysis of the vibrational spectra of hydrophobic PVM (poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-methylmethacrylate)) copolymers PVM-4 (4 wt% 1-VIm) and PVM-44 (44 wt% 1-VIm) is provided with respect to bridging water and subsequent replacement by bridging transition metal ions. PVM-44 (44 wt% 1-VIm) with a high fraction of 1-VIm forms water bridges as evident by the water bending vibration, which is shifted up to 1665 cm(-1). This band vanishes as transition metal ions are introduced and a new band at 952 cm(-1) appears which is ascribed as a delta(ring) band involving the entire [M(Im)(n)](2+) unit. This fact is affirmed using ab initio calculations. The transition metal ions coordinate exclusively the imidazole groups. Although the imidazole associated water is replaced by transition metal ions, the amount of sorbed water for the very hydrophobic PVM-4 is increased as indicated by the nu(OH) region.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Aydin-Schmidt, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Field Evaluation of a High Throughput Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test for the Detection of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Infections in Zanzibar
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background New field applicable diagnostic tools are needed for highly sensitive detection of residual malaria infections in pre-elimination settings. Field performance of a high throughput DNA extraction system for loop mediated isothermal amplification (HTP-LAMP) was therefore evaluated for detecting malaria parasites among asymptomatic individuals in Zanzibar. Methods HTP-LAMP performance was evaluated against real-time PCR on 3008 paired blood samples collected on filter papers in a community-based survey in 2015. Results The PCR and HTP-LAMP determined malaria prevalences were 1.6% (95% CI 1.3-2.4) and 0.7% (95% CI 0.4-1.1), respectively. The sensitivity of HTP-LAMP compared to PCR was 40.8% (CI95% 27.0-55.8) and the specificity was 99.9% (CI95% 99.8-100). For the PCR positive samples, there was no statistically significant difference between the geometric mean parasite densities among the HTP-LAMP positive (2.5 p/mu L, range 0.2-770) and HTP-LAMP negative (1.4 p/mu L, range 0.1-7) samples (p = 0.088). Two lab technicians analysed up to 282 samples per day and the HTP-LAMP method was experienced as user friendly. Conclusions Although field applicable, this high throughput format of LAMP as used here was not sensitive enough to be recommended for detection of asymptomatic low-density infections in areas like Zanzibar, approaching malaria elimination.
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| 41. |
- Aydin-Schmidt, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) accurately detects malaria DNA from filter paper blood samples of low density parasitaemias
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8, s. e103905-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) provides an opportunity for improved, field-friendly detection of malaria infections in endemic areas. However data on the diagnostic accuracy of LAMP for active case detection, particularly low-density parasitaemias, are lacking. We therefore evaluated the performance of a new LAMP kit compared with PCR using DNA from filter paper blood spots.METHODS AND FINDINGS:Samples from 865 fever patients and 465 asymptomatic individuals collected in Zanzibar were analysed for Pan (all species) and Pf (P. falciparum) DNA with the Loopamp MALARIA Pan/Pf kit. Samples were amplified at 65°C for 40 minutes in a real-time turbidimeter and results were compared with nested PCR. Samples with discordant results between LAMP and nested PCR were analysed with real-time PCR. The real-time PCR corrected nested PCR result was defined as gold standard. Among the 117 (13.5%) PCR detected P. falciparum infections from fever patients (mean parasite density 7491/µL, range 6-782,400) 115, 115 and 111 were positive by Pan-LAMP, Pf-LAMP and nested PCR, respectively. The sensitivities were 98.3% (95%CI 94-99.8) for both Pan and Pf-LAMP. Among the 54 (11.6%) PCR positive samples from asymptomatic individuals (mean parasite density 10/µL, range 0-4972) Pf-LAMP had a sensitivity of 92.7% (95%CI 80.1-98.5) for detection of the 41 P. falciparum infections. Pan-LAMP had sensitivities of 97% (95%CI 84.2-99.9) and 76.9% (95%CI 46.2-95) for detection of P. falciparum and P. malariae, respectively. The specificities for both Pan and Pf-LAMP were 100% (95%CI 99.1-100) in both study groups.CONCLUSION:Both components of the Loopamp MALARIA Pan/Pf detection kit revealed high diagnostic accuracy for parasite detection among fever patients and importantly also among asymptomatic individuals of low parasite densities from minute blood volumes preserved on filter paper. These data support LAMPs potential role for improved detection of low-density malaria infections in pre-elimination settings.
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| 42. |
- Aydin-Schmidt, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Usefulness of Plasmodium falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic tests for assessment of parasite clearance and detection of recurrent infections after artemisinin-based combination therapy.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Malaria journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2875. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is an important tool for parasite-based malaria diagnosis. High specificity of RDTs to distinguish an active Plasmodium falciparum infection from residual antigens from a previous infection is crucial in endemic areas where residents are repeatedly exposed to malaria. The efficiency of two RDTs based on histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) antigens were studied and compared with two microscopy techniques (Giemsa and acridine orange-stained blood smears) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for assessment of initial clearance and detection of recurrent P. falciparum infections after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in a moderately high endemic area of rural Tanzania.
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| 43. |
- Bell, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of cell-cycle arrest biomarkers to predict early and delayed acute kidney injury
- 2015
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Ingår i: Disease Markers. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0278-0240 .- 1875-8630. ; 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. To assess urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 ([TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7]), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and urinary cystatin-C as acute kidney injury predictors (AKI) exploring the association of nonrenal factors with elevated biomarker levels.Methods. We studied 94 patients with urine collected within 48 hours of ICU admission and no AKI at sampling. AKI was defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Predictive performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Associations between biomarkers and clinical factors were assessed by multivariate linear regression.Results. Overall, 19 patients (20%) developed AKI within 48 hours. [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7], NGAL, or cystatin-C admission levels did not differ between patients without AKI and patients developing AKI. [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7], NGAL, and cystatin-C were poor AKI predictors (ROC areas 0.34-0.51). Diabetes was independently associated with higher [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] levels (P = 0.02) but AKI was not (P = 0.24). Sepsis was independently associated with higher NGAL (P < 0.001) and cystatin-C (P = 0.003) levels.Conclusions. Urinary [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7], NGAL, and cystatin-C should be used cautiously as AKI predictors in general ICU patients since urine levels of these biomarkers are affected by factors other than AKI and their performance can be poor.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Bergenfelz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of modern techniques on short-term outcome after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism: a multicenter study comprising 2,708 patients.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 394:5, s. 851-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preoperative localization procedures and the use of intraoperative parathyroidism (iOPTH) have led to a shift of paradigm from bilateral neck exploration to focused parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, only a small number of randomized trials from specialized centers have been published. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of localization procedures and iOPTH on short-term outcome after pHPT surgery in a multi-institutional setting.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Bertilsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Stress Levels Escalate When Repeatedly Performing Tasks Involving Threats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10, s. 1562-1562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Police work may include performing repeated tasks under the influence of psychological stress, which can affect perceptual, cognitive and motor performance. However, it is largely unknown how repeatedly performing stressful tasks physically affect police officers in terms of heart rate and pupil diameter properties. Psychological stress is commonly assessed by monitoring the changes in these biomarkers. Heart rate and pupil diameter was measured in 12 male police officers when performing a sequence of four stressful tasks, each lasting between 20 and 130 s. The participants were first placed in a dimly illuminated anteroom before allowed to enter a brightly lit room where a scenario was played out. After each task was performed, the participants returned to the anteroom for about 30 s before performing the next sequential task. Performing a repeated sequence of stressful tasks caused a significant increase in heart rate (p = 0.005). The heart rate started to increase already before entering the scenario room and was significantly larger just after starting the task than just before starting the task (p < 0.001). This pattern was more marked during the first tasks (p < 0.001). Issuance of a verbal "abort" command which terminated the tasks led to a significant increase of heart rate (p = 0.002), especially when performing the first tasks (p = 0.002). The pupil diameter changed significantly during the repeated tasks during all phases but in a complex pattern where the pupil diameter reached a minimum during task 2 followed by an increase during tasks 3 and 4 (p ≤ 0.020). During the initial tasks, the pupil size (p = 0.014) increased significantly. The results suggest that being repeatedly exposed to stressful tasks can produce in itself an escalation of psychological stress, this even prior to being exposed to the task. However, the characteristics of both the heart rate and pupil diameter were complex, thus, the findings highlight the importance of studying the effects and dynamics of different stress-generating factors. Monitoring heart rate was found useful to screen for stress responses, and thus, to be a vehicle for indication if and when rotation of deployed personnel is necessary to avoid sustained high stress exposures.
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| 48. |
- Bertilsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Towards systematic and objective evaluation of police officer performance in stressful situations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Police Practice and Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1561-4263 .- 1477-271X. ; 21:6, s. 655-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To ensure a continuous high standard of police units, it is critical to recruit people who perform well in stressful situations. Today, this selection process includes performing a large series of tests, which still may not objectively reveal a person’s capacity to handle a life-threatening situation when subjected to high levels of stress. To obtain more systematic and objective data, 12 police officers were exposed to six scenarios with varying levels of threat while their heart rate and pupil size were monitored. The scenarios were filmed and six expert evaluators assessed the performance of the police officers according to seven predefined criteria. Four of the scenarios included addressing a moderate threat level task and the scenarios were executed in a rapid sequence. Two further scenarios included a familiar firearm drill performed during high and low threat situations. The results showed that there was a large agreement between the experts in how they judged the performance of the police officers (p < 0.001). Performance increased significantly over tasks in four of the seven evaluation criteria (p ≤ 0.037). There was also a significant effect of pupil size (p = 0.004), but not heart rate, when comparing the different sequential scenarios. Moreover, a high level of threat considerably impaired the motor performance of the police officers during the firearms drill (p = 0.002). Finally, the pupil seemed to systematically dilate more when a threat appeared immediately than with a delay in the scenarios (p = 0.007). We conclude that systematic and quantitative judgments from experts provide valuable and reliable information about the performance of participants in realistic and stressful policing scenarios. Furthermore, objective physiological measures of heart rate and pupil size may help to explain and understand why performance sometimes deteriorates.
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| 49. |
- Bharmoria, Pankaj, et al.
(författare)
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Far-red triplet sensitized Z-to-E photoswitching of azobenzene in bioplastics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 13, s. 11904-11911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first example of direct far-red triplet sensitized molecular photoswitching in a condensed phase wherein a liquid azobenzene derivative (Azo1) co-assembled within a liquid surfactant-protein film undergoes triplet sensitized Z-to-E photoswitching upon far-red/red light excitation in air. The role of triplet sensitization in photoswitching has been confirmed by quenching of sensitizer phosphorescence by Z-Azo1 and temperature-dependent photoswitching experiments. Herein, we demonstrate new biosustainable fabrication designs to address key challenges in solid-state photoswitching, effectively mitigating chromophore aggregation and requirement of high energy excitations by dispersing the photoswitch in the trapped liquid inside the solid framework and by shifting the action spectrum from blue-green light (450-560 nm) to the far-red/red light (740/640 nm) region.
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| 50. |
- Bharmoria, Pankaj, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Photon upconverting bioplastics with high efficiency and in-air durability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7534 .- 2050-7526. ; 9:35, s. 11655-11661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent demand for substituting synthetic plastics to bioplastics for sustainable renewable energy production. Here, we report a simple one-step approach to create bioplastics with efficient and durable photon upconversion (UC) by encapsulating non-volatile chromophore solutions into collagen-based protein films. By just drying an aqueous solution of gelatin, surfactant, and UC chromophores (sensitizer and annihilator), liquid surfactant microdroplets containing the UC chromophores are spontaneously confined within the gelatin films. Thanks to the high fluidity of microdroplets and the good oxygen barrier ability of the collagen-based fiber matrices, a high absolute TTA-UC efficiency of 15.6% and low threshold excitation intensity of 14.0 mW cm−2are obtained even in air. The TTA-UC efficiency was retained up to 8.2% after 2 years of storage under ambient conditions, hence displaying the significant durability desired for practical applications.
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